Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a pathogen that infects many Pacific salmonid stocks from the watersheds of North America. Previous studies have thoroughly characterized the genetic diversity of IHNV isolates from Alaska and the Hagerman Valley in Idaho. To enhance understanding of the evolution and viral transmission patterns of IHNV within the Pacific Northwest geographic range, we analyzed the G gene of IHNV isolates from the coastal watersheds of Washington State by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) and nucleotide sequencing. The RPA analysis of 23 isolates indicated that the Skagit basin IHNV isolates were relatively homogeneous as a result of the dominance of one G gene haplotype (S). Sequence analysis of 303 bases in the middle of the G gene (midG region) of 61 isolates confirmed the high frequency of a Skagit River basin sequence and identified another sequence commonly found in isolates from the Lake Washington basin. Overall, both the RPA and sequence analysis showed that the Washington coastal IHNV isolates are genetically homogeneous and have little genetic diversity. This is similar to the genetic diversity pattern of IHNV from Alaska and contrasts sharply with the high genetic diversity demonstrated for IHNV isolates from fish farms along the Snake River in Idaho. The high degree of sequence and haplotype similarity between the Washington coastal IHNV isolates and those from Alaska and British Columbia suggests that they have a common viral ancestor. Phylogenetic analyses of the isolates we studied and those from different regions throughout the virus's geographic range confirms a conserved pattern of evolution of the virus in salmonid stocks north of the Columbia River, which forms Washington's southern border.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0025:GCOIHN>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Emmenegger, E., and Kurath, G., 2002, Genetic characterization of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus of coastal salmonid stocks in Washington State: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 14, no. 1, p. 25-34, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0025:GCOIHN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207729,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0025:GCOIHN>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.617919921875,\n 48.356249029540706\n ],\n [\n -124.6893310546875,\n 48.25028349849022\n ],\n [\n -124.6783447265625,\n 47.98624517426206\n ],\n [\n -124.38720703124999,\n 47.65428791076272\n ],\n [\n -124.15649414062499,\n 46.93901161506044\n ],\n [\n -123.98071289062499,\n 46.645665192584936\n ],\n [\n -121.9317626953125,\n 47.148633511301426\n ],\n [\n -121.871337890625,\n 47.73193447949174\n ],\n [\n -121.39343261718749,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -122.794189453125,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -122.42614746093749,\n 48.61838518688487\n ],\n [\n -122.54150390625,\n 48.41826449418743\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 47.96785877999253\n ],\n [\n -122.4151611328125,\n 47.73562905149295\n ],\n [\n -122.36572265625,\n 47.37231462056695\n ],\n [\n -122.72277832031251,\n 47.148633511301426\n ],\n [\n -122.83264160156251,\n 47.42065432071321\n ],\n [\n -123.0908203125,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -122.73925781250001,\n 47.824220149350246\n ],\n [\n -123.57971191406249,\n 48.14776316994868\n ],\n [\n -124.617919921875,\n 48.356249029540706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a156be4b0c8380cd54de1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmenegger, E.J.","contributorId":7463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025038,"text":"70025038 - 2002 - Effects of triploid grass carp on aquatic plants, water quality, and public satisfaction in Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70025038","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of triploid grass carp on aquatic plants, water quality, and public satisfaction in Washington State","docAbstract":"We investigated effects of triploid grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella on aquatic macrophyte communities, water quality, and public satisfaction for 98 lakes and ponds in Washington State stocked with grass carp between 1990 and 1995. Grass carp had few noticeable effects on macrophyte communities until 19 months following stocking. After 19 months, submersed macrophytes were either completely eradicated (39% of the lakes) or not controlled (42% of the lakes) in most lakes. Intermediate control of submersed macrophytes occurred in 18% of lakes at a median stocking rate of 24 fish per vegetated surface acre. Most of the landowners interviewed (83%) were satisfied with the results of introducing grass carp. For sites where all submersed macrophytes were eradicated, average turbidity was higher (11 nephelometric turbidity units, NTU) than at sites where macrophytes were controlled to intermediate levels (4 NTU) or unaffected by grass carp grazing (5 NTU). Chlorophyll a was not significantly different between levels of macrophyte control; therefore, we concluded that most of this turbidity was abiotic and not algal. Triploid grass carp were a popular control option and effectively grazed most submersed macrophytes in Washington State. However, calculating stocking rates based on landowner estimates of aquatic plant coverage rarely resulted in intermediate levels of aquatic plant control. Additionally, the effects of particular stocking rates varied considerably. We recommend against using grass carp in Washington lakes where eradication of submersed vegetation cannot be tolerated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0096:EOTGCO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Bonar, S.A., Bolding, B., and Divens, M., 2002, Effects of triploid grass carp on aquatic plants, water quality, and public satisfaction in Washington State: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 1, p. 96-105, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0096:EOTGCO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"96","endPage":"105","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209435,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0096:EOTGCO>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0815e4b0c8380cd5197a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A.","contributorId":79617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolding, B.","contributorId":54391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolding","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Divens, M.","contributorId":9439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Divens","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016223,"text":"1016223 - 2002 - Comparative diversity and composition of cyanobacteria in three predominate soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T15:31:18","indexId":"1016223","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative diversity and composition of cyanobacteria in three predominate soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRF or T-RFLP) analysis and 16S rDNA sequence analysis from clone libraries were used to examine cyanobacterial diversity in three types of predominant soil crusts in an arid grassland. Total DNA was extracted from cyanobacteria-, lichen-, or moss-dominated crusts that represent different successional stages in crust development, and which contribute different amounts of carbon and nitrogen into the ecosystem. Cyanobacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR using cyanobacteria-specific 16S rDNA primers. Both TRF and clone sequence analyses indicated that the cyanobacterial crust type is dominated by strains of Microcoleus vaginatus, but also contains other cyanobacterial genera. In the moss crust, M. vaginatus-related sequences were also the most abundant types, together with sequences from moss chloroplasts. In contrast, sequences obtained from the lichen crust were surprisingly diverse, representing numerous genera, but including only two from M. vaginatus relatives. By obtaining clone sequence information, we were able to infer the composition of many peaks observed in TRF profiles, and all peaks predicted for clone sequences were observed in TRF analysis. This study provides the first TRF analysis of biological soil crusts and the first DNA-based comparison of cyanobacterial diversity between lichen-, cyano- and moss-dominated crusts. Results indicate that for this phylogenetic group, TRF analysis, in conjunction with limited sequence analysis, can provide accurate information about the composition and relative abundance of cyanobacterial types in soil crust communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00936.x","usgsCitation":"Redfield, E., Barns, S.M., Belnap, J., Daane, L.L., and Kuske, C.R., 2002, Comparative diversity and composition of cyanobacteria in three predominate soil crusts of the Colorado Plateau: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 55-63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00936.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae53f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redfield, Elizabeth","contributorId":70347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redfield","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barns, Susan M.","contributorId":71516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barns","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daane, Lori L.","contributorId":105675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daane","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuske, Cheryl R.","contributorId":81063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuske","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194298,"text":"70194298 - 2002 - Growth of Usnea longissima across a variety of habitats in the Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:00:03","indexId":"70194298","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1087,"text":"Bryologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Growth of Usnea longissima across a variety of habitats in the Oregon Coast Range","title":"Growth of Usnea longissima across a variety of habitats in the Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
We analyzed decadal and interannual climate variability in South Florida since 1880 using geochemical and faunal paleosalinity indicators from isotopically dated sediment cores at Russell Bank in Florida Bay (FB). Using the relative abundance of 2 ostracode species and the Mg/Ca ratios in Loxoconcha matagordensis shells to reconstruct paleosalinity, we found evidence for cyclic oscillations in the salinity of central FB. During this time salinity fluctuated from as low as ~18 parts per thousand (ppt) to as high as ~57 ppt. Time series analyses suggest, in addition to a 5.6 yr Mg/Ca based salinity periodicity, there are 3 other modes of variability in paleosalinity indicators: 6-7, 8-9, and 13-14 yr periods which occur in all paleo-proxies. To search for factors that might cause salinity to vary in FB, we compared the Russell Bank paleosalinity record to South Florida winter rainfall, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the winter Pacific North American (PNA) index, and a surrogate for the PNA in the winter season, the Central North Pacific (CNP) index. SOI and PNA/CNP appear to be associated with South Florida winter precipitation. Time series analyses of SOI and winter rainfall for the period 1910-1999 suggest ~5, 6-7, 8-9 and 13-14 yr cycles. The 6-7 yr and 13-14 yr cycles correspond to those observed in the faunal and geochemical time series from Russell Bank. The main periods of the CNP index are 5-6 and 13-15 yr, which are similar to those observed in FB paleosalinity. Cross-spectral analyses show that winter rainfall and salinity are coherent at 5.6 yr with a salinity lag of ~1.6 mo. These results suggest that regional rainfall variability influences FB salinity over interannual and decadal timescales and that much of this variability may have its origin in climate variability in the Pacific Ocean/atmosphere system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/cr019233","issn":"0936577X","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Dwyer, G., Schwede, S., Vann, C., and Dowsett, H., 2002, Climate variability from the Florida Bay sedimentary record: Possible teleconnections to ENSO, PNA and CNP: Climate Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 233-245, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr019233.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"245","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478785,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr019233","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f655e4b0c8380cd4c6d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, Gary S.","contributorId":67642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"Gary S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwede, S.B.","contributorId":74916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwede","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vann, C.D.","contributorId":51951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vann","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dowsett, H.","contributorId":44303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":87274,"text":"87274 - 2002 - Lots of lightning and plenty of people: An ecological history of fire in the upland southwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-17T16:25:23","indexId":"87274","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Lots of lightning and plenty of people: An ecological history of fire in the upland southwest","docAbstract":"Was the pre-European Southwest a region of wild landscapes, shaped primarily by natural processes like lightning-ignited fire, or did people substantially mold these lands into regional-scale artifacts through their use of fire and other means? Perspectives on this question have varied markedly through time and between scholars, as evident from the quotes interspersed through this chapter (see Box 5.1.). As the American frontier closed around the turn of the nineteenth century, lightning was rarely considered a primary cause of fire, with most fires in western forests assumed to be human-ignited. Native Americans were thought to have been the primary source of burning in the Southwest until EuroAmericans usurped that role after ca. 1850. Today, lightning-ignited fire is widely acknowledged to be an ancient and essential ecological process in the American Southwest (Pyne 1995a:282-283; Swetnam and Baisan 1996a; Bogan et al. 1998), for millennia structuring landscapes from low-elevation desert grasslands to montane forests. However, because the Southwest has been home to people for more than 12,000 years, with large human populations for over 1,000 years (Plog et al. 1988), some scholars continue to assert the dominance of aboriginal burning in the fire regimes of this region (Dobyns 1981; Pyne 1995a, 1996, 1997). This essay focuses on the roles of
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire, native peoples, and the natural landscape","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Island Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","isbn":"9781559638890","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.D., 2002, Lots of lightning and plenty of people: An ecological history of fire in the upland southwest, chap. 5 of Fire, native peoples, and the natural landscape, p. 143-193.","productDescription":"51 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"193","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350210,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://islandpress.org/book/fire-native-peoples-and-the-natural-landscape"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640dbd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Vale, Thomas R.","contributorId":113949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vale","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504892,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024407,"text":"70024407 - 2002 - On geological interpretations of crystal size distributions: Constant vs. proportionate growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T12:04:50.539279","indexId":"70024407","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On geological interpretations of crystal size distributions: Constant vs. proportionate growth","docAbstract":"Geological interpretations of crystal size distributions (CSDs) depend on understanding the crystal growth laws that generated the distributions. Most descriptions of crystal growth, including a population-balance modeling equation that is widely used in petrology, assume that crystal growth rates at any particular time are identical for all crystals, and, therefore, independent of crystal size. This type of growth under constant conditions can be modeled by adding a constant length to the diameter of each crystal for each time step. This growth equation is unlikely to be correct for most mineral systems because it neither generates nor maintains the shapes of lognormal CSDs, which are among the most common types of CSDs observed in rocks. In an alternative approach, size-dependent (proportionate) growth is modeled approximately by multiplying the size of each crystal by a factor, an operation that maintains CSD shape and variance, and which is in accord with calcite growth experiments. The latter growth law can be obtained during supply controlled growth using a modified version of the Law of Proportionate Effect (LPE), an equation that simulates the reaction path followed by a CSD shape as mean size increases.","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.2138/am-2002-8-923","usgsCitation":"Eberl, D.D., Kile, D.E., and Drits, V., 2002, On geological interpretations of crystal size distributions: Constant vs. proportionate growth: American Mineralogist, v. 87, no. 8-9, p. 1235-1241, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2002-8-923.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1235","endPage":"1241","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"8-9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d98e4b0c8380cd751fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kile, D. E.","contributorId":22758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drits, V. A.","contributorId":41511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drits","given":"V. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025101,"text":"70025101 - 2002 - Invertebrate biomass: Associations with lesser prairie-chicken habitat use and sand sagebrush density in southwestern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T11:51:04","indexId":"70025101","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invertebrate biomass: Associations with lesser prairie-chicken habitat use and sand sagebrush density in southwestern Kansas","docAbstract":"Invertebrates are important food sources for lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) adults and broods. We compared invertebrate biomass in areas used and not used by lesser prairie-chicken adults and broods. We used radiotelemetry to determine use and non-use areas in sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) prairie in southwestern Kansas and sampled invertebrate populations during summer 1998 and 1999. Sweepnet-collected biomass of short-horned grasshoppers (Acrididae) and total invertebrate biomass generally were greater in habitats used by lesser prairie-chickens than in paired non-use areas. We detected no differences in pitfall-collected biomass of Acrididae (P=0.81) or total invertebrate biomass (P=0.93) among sampling areas with sand sagebrush canopy cover of 0 to 10%, 11 to 30%, and >30%. Results of multivariate analysis and regression model selection suggested that forbs were more strongly associated with invertebrate biomass than shrubs, grasses, or bare ground. We could not separate lesser prairie-chicken selection for areas of forb cover from selection of areas with greater invertebrate biomass associated with forb cover. Regardless of whether the effects of forbs were direct or indirect, their importance in sand sagebrush habitat has management implications. Practices that maintain or increase forb cover likely will increase invertebrate biomass and habitat quality in southwestern Kansas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Jamison, B., Robel, R., Pontius, J., and Applegate, R., 2002, Invertebrate biomass: Associations with lesser prairie-chicken habitat use and sand sagebrush density in southwestern Kansas: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 2, p. 517-526.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"526","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e5ae4b0c8380cd63ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jamison, B.E.","contributorId":102831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamison","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robel, R.J.","contributorId":20297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robel","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pontius, J.S.","contributorId":69523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pontius","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Applegate, R.D.","contributorId":15581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applegate","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024484,"text":"70024484 - 2002 - FTIR and py-GC-MS spectra of true-fern and seed-fern sphenopterids (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada, Pennsylvanian)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024484","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"FTIR and py-GC-MS spectra of true-fern and seed-fern sphenopterids (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada, Pennsylvanian)","docAbstract":"Sphenopterid specimens from the Late Pennsylvanian of Sydney Coalfield, Canada, are investigated by FTIR and py-GC-MS techniques as part of an on-going research project into the biochemistry and chemotaxonomy of Pennsylvanian-age pteridophylls. Included in the investigation are samples of the true-fern species Oligocarpia brongniartii and Zeilleria delicatula that are preserved as naturally macerated cuticles (NMC), and the seed-fern Eusphenopteris neuropteroides that is also preserved as a compression/impression. FTIR spectra of NMC seed-fern E. neuropteroides, and fern sphenopterid O. brongniartii are very similar, except that the latter does not have aromatic bands in the 700-900 cm-1 out-of-plane region, py-GC-MS show more aromatic compounds for the seed fern than for the two true-fern sphenopterids. Another difference between seed-fern and true-fern sphenopterids is a lower ratio of CH2 to CH3 in chemically treated specimens (CTC) for the seed fern. These observations suggest slightly higher aromaticity for the seed ferns, perhaps related to some chemotaxonomic differences. Comparison of FTIR and py-GC-MS characteristics of sphenopterids and other plant groups shows that these two techniques have potential to identifying chemotaxonomic signals from Carboniferous pteridophylls in general, although more data are needed to confirm this. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00086-1","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Zodrow, E., and Mastalerz, M., 2002, FTIR and py-GC-MS spectra of true-fern and seed-fern sphenopterids (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada, Pennsylvanian): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 51, no. 2, p. 111-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00086-1.","startPage":"111","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00086-1"},{"id":232801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e84e4b0c8380cd534c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zodrow, E.L.","contributorId":99328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zodrow","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024986,"text":"70024986 - 2002 - Archiving, processing, and disseminating ASTER products at the USGS EROS Data Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-19T14:30:42.960428","indexId":"70024986","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Archiving, processing, and disseminating ASTER products at the USGS EROS Data Center","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center archives, processes, and disseminates Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data products. The ASTER instrument is one of five sensors onboard the Earth Observing System's Terra satellite launched December 18, 1999. ASTER collects broad spectral coverage with high spatial resolution at near infrared, shortwave infrared, and thermal infrared wavelengths with ground resolutions of 15, 30, and 90 meters, respectively. The ASTER data are used in many ways to understand local and regional earth-surface processes. Applications include land-surface climatology, volcanology, hazards monitoring, geology, agronomy, land cover change, and hydrology. The ASTER data are available for purchase from the ASTER Ground Data System in Japan and from the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center in the United States, which receives level 1A and level 1B data from Japan on a routine basis. These products are archived and made available to the public within 48 hours of receipt. The level 1A and level 1B data are used to generate higher level products that include routine and on-demand decorrelation stretch, brightness temperature at the sensor, emissivity, surface reflectance, surface kinetic temperature, surface radiance, polar surface and cloud classification, and digital elevation models. This paper describes the processes and procedures used to archive, process, and disseminate standard and on-demand higher level ASTER products at the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center.","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems VII","conferenceDate":"July 7-10, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.451575","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Jones, B., and Tolk, B.L., 2002, Archiving, processing, and disseminating ASTER products at the USGS EROS Data Center, Earth Observing Systems VII, v. 4814, Seattle, WA, July 7-10, 2002, p. 402-413, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451575.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"402","endPage":"413","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4814","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed51e4b0c8380cd49729","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnes W.L.","contributorId":128354,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Barnes W.L.","id":536543,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Brenda 0000-0003-4941-5349 bkjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-5349","contributorId":2994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Brenda","email":"bkjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tolk, Brian L. 0000-0002-9060-0266 tolk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0266","contributorId":2992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolk","given":"Brian","email":"tolk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024528,"text":"70024528 - 2002 - Crustal structure of central Lake Baikal: Insights into intracontinental rifting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:19:51.194557","indexId":"70024528","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of central Lake Baikal: Insights into intracontinental rifting","docAbstract":"The Cenozoic rift system of Baikal, located in the interior of the largest continental mass on Earth, is thought to represent a potential analog of the early stage of breakup of supercontinents. We present a detailed P wave velocity structure of the crust and sediments beneath the Central Basin, the deepest basin in the Baikal rift system. The structure is characterized by a Moho depth of 39–42.5 km; an 8-km-thick, laterally continuous high-velocity (7.05–7.4 km/s) lower crust, normal upper mantle velocity (8 km/s), a sedimentary section reaching maximum depths of 9 km, and a gradual increase of sediment velocity with depth. We interpret the high-velocity lower crust to be part of the Siberian Platform that was not thinned or altered significantly during rifting. In comparison to published results from the Siberian Platform, Moho under the basin is elevated by <3 km. On the basis of these results we propose that the basin was formed by upper crustal extension, possibly reactivating structures in an ancient fold-and-thrust belt. The extent and location of upper mantle extension are not revealed by our data, and it may be offset from the rift. We believe that the Baikal rift structure is similar in many respects to the Mesozoic Atlantic rift system, the precursor to the formation of the North Atlantic Ocean. We also propose that the Central Baikal rift evolved by episodic fault propagation and basin enlargement, rather than by two-stage rift evolution as is commonly assumed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000300","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., and Taylor, M.H., 2002, Crustal structure of central Lake Baikal: Insights into intracontinental rifting: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B7, p. ETG 2-1-ETG 2-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000300.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"ETG 2-1","endPage":"ETG 2-15","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1808/17109","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Baikal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 103.38134765625,\n 51.248163159055906\n ],\n [\n 111.09374999999999,\n 51.248163159055906\n ],\n [\n 111.09374999999999,\n 55.78892895389262\n ],\n [\n 103.38134765625,\n 55.78892895389262\n ],\n [\n 103.38134765625,\n 51.248163159055906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcebe4b0c8380cd4e4fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Michael H.","contributorId":78773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024936,"text":"70024936 - 2002 - Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T10:18:20","indexId":"70024936","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2173,"text":"Journal of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data","docAbstract":"Pradel's (1996) temporal symmetry model permitting direct estimation and modelling of population growth rate, u i , provides a potentially useful tool for the study of population dynamics using marked animals. Because of its recent publication date, the approach has not seen much use, and there have been virtually no investigations directed at robustness of the resulting estimators. Here we consider several potential sources of bias, all motivated by specific uses of this estimation approach. We consider sampling situations in which the study area expands with time and present an analytic expression for the bias in u i We next consider trap response in capture probabilities and heterogeneous capture probabilities and compute large-sample and simulation-based approximations of resulting bias in u i . These approximations indicate that trap response is an especially important assumption violation that can produce substantial bias. Finally, we consider losses on capture and emphasize the importance of selecting the estimator for u i that is appropriate to the question being addressed. For studies based on only sighting and resighting data, Pradel's (1996) u i ' is the appropriate estimator.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02664760120108872","issn":"02664763","usgsCitation":"Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 2002, Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 573-587, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108872.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"587","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207922,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108872"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ec1e4b0c8380cd63fea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024430,"text":"70024430 - 2002 - Plume-driven plumbing and crustal formation in Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:26:56.720626","indexId":"70024430","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plume-driven plumbing and crustal formation in Iceland","docAbstract":"Through combination of surface wave and body wave constraints we derive a three-dimensional (3-D) crustal S velocity model and Moho map for Iceland. It reveals a vast plumbing system feeding mantle plume melt into upper crustal magma chambers where crustal formation takes place. The method is based on the partitioned waveform inversion to which we add additional observations. Love waves from six local events recorded on the HOTSPOT- SIL networks are fitted, Sn travel times from the same events measured, previous observations of crustal thickness are added, and all three sets of constraints simultaneously inverted for our 3-D model. In the upper crust (0–15 km) an elongated low-velocity region extends along the length of the Northern, Eastern and Western Neovolcanic Zones. The lowest velocities (−7%) are found at 5–10 km below the two most active volcanic complexes: Hekla and Bárdarbunga-Grímsvötn. In the lower crust (>15 km) the low-velocity region can be represented as a vertical cylinder beneath central Iceland. The low-velocity structure is interpreted as the thermal halo of pipe work which connects the region of melt generation in the uppermost mantle beneath central Iceland to active volcanoes along the neovolcanic zones. Crustal thickness in Iceland varies from 15–20 km beneath the Reykjanes Peninsula, Krafla and the extinct Snæfellsnes rift zone, to 46 km beneath central Iceland. The average crustal thickness is 29 km. The variations in thickness can be explained in terms of the temporal variation in plume productivity over the last ∼20 Myr, the Snæfellsnes rift zone being active during a minimum in plume productivity. Variations in crustal thickness do not depart significantly from an isostatically predicted crustal thickness. The best fit linear isostatic relation implies an average density jump of 4% across the Moho. Rare earth element inversions of basalt compositions on Iceland suggest a melt thickness (i.e., crustal thickness) of 15–20 km, given passive upwelling. The observed crustal thickness of up to 46 km implies active fluxing of source material through the melt zone by the mantle plume at up to 3 times the passive rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000584","usgsCitation":"Allen, R.M., Nolet, G., Morgan, W.J., Vogfjord, K., Nettles, M., Ekstrom, G., Bergsson, B.H., Erlendsson, P., Foulger, G., Jakobsdottir, S., Julian, B., Pritchard, M., Ragnarsson, S., and Stefansson, R., 2002, Plume-driven plumbing and crustal formation in Iceland: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B8, p. ESE 4-1-ESE 4-19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000584.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"ESE 4-1","endPage":"ESE 4-19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1620680","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -18.10546875,\n 63.3324127919358\n ],\n [\n -14.2822265625,\n 64.32087157990324\n ],\n [\n -13.18359375,\n 65.25670649344259\n ],\n [\n -14.809570312499998,\n 66.4957404570233\n ],\n [\n -16.435546875,\n 66.65297740055279\n ],\n [\n -17.1826171875,\n 66.37275500247455\n ],\n [\n -20.5224609375,\n 66.19600891267761\n ],\n [\n -22.8955078125,\n 66.56574650920786\n ],\n [\n -24.8291015625,\n 65.60387765860433\n ],\n [\n -24.0380859375,\n 64.64270382119375\n ],\n [\n -23.027343749999996,\n 63.74363097533544\n ],\n [\n -18.6328125,\n 63.25341156651705\n ],\n [\n -18.10546875,\n 63.3324127919358\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c95e4b0c8380cd79a7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, R. M.","contributorId":36170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolet, G.","contributorId":26448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolet","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, W. J.","contributorId":10573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogfjord, K.","contributorId":13768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogfjord","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nettles, M.","contributorId":31153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nettles","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ekstrom, G.","contributorId":14977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekstrom","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bergsson, B. H.","contributorId":19320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergsson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Erlendsson, P.","contributorId":95638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erlendsson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jakobsdottir, S.","contributorId":64828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsdottir","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pritchard, M.","contributorId":11358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritchard","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ragnarsson, S.","contributorId":12644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragnarsson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Stefansson, R.","contributorId":81650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70024493,"text":"70024493 - 2002 - A passive microwave snow depth algorithm with a proxy for snow metamorphism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024493","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A passive microwave snow depth algorithm with a proxy for snow metamorphism","docAbstract":"Passive microwave brightness temperatures of snowpacks depend not only on the snow depth, but also on the internal snowpack properties, particularly the grain size, which changes through the winter. Algorithms that assume a constant grain size can yield erroneous estimates of snow depth or water equivalent. For snowpacks that are subject to temperatures well below freezing, the bulk temperature gradient through the snowpack controls the metamorphosis of the snow grains. This study used National Weather Service (NWS) station measurements of snow depth and air temperature from the Northern US Great Plains to determine temporal and spatial variability of the snow depth and bulk snowpack temperature gradient. This region is well suited for this study because it consists primarily of open farmland or prairie, has little relief, is subject to very cold temperatures, and has more than 280 reporting stations. A geostatistical technique called Kriging was used to grid the randomly spaced snow depth measurements. The resulting snow depth maps were then compared with the passive microwave observations from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). Two snow seasons were examined: 1988-89, a typical snow year, and 1996-97, a record year for snow that was responsible for extensive flooding in the Red River Basin. Inspection of the time series of snow depth and microwave spectral gradient (the difference between the 19 and 37 GHz bands) showed that while the snowpack was constant, the spectral gradient continued to increase. However, there was a strong correlation (0.6 < R2 < 0.9) between the spectral gradient and the cumulative bulk temperature gradient through the snowpack (TGI). Hence, TGI is an index of grain size metamorphism that has occurred within the snowpack. TGI time series from 21 representative sites across the region and the corresponding SSM/I observations were used to develop an algorithm for snow depth that requires daily air temperatures. Copyright ?? 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1020","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Josberger, E., and Mognard, N.M., 2002, A passive microwave snow depth algorithm with a proxy for snow metamorphism: Hydrological Processes, v. 16, no. 8, p. 1557-1568, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1020.","startPage":"1557","endPage":"1568","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1020"},{"id":232977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4d3e4b0c8380cd46964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mognard, N. M.","contributorId":27612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mognard","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024963,"text":"70024963 - 2002 - Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T15:46:50","indexId":"70024963","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices","docAbstract":"Permeability/performance reference compounds (PRCs) are analytically noninterfering organic compounds with moderate to high fugacity from semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) that are added to the lipid prior to membrane enclosure. Assuming that isotropic exchange kinetics (IEK) apply and that SPMD-water partition coefficients are known, measurement of PRC dissipation rate constants during SPMD field exposures and laboratory calibration studies permits the calculation of an exposure adjustment factor (EAF). In theory, PRC-derived EAF ratios reflect changes in SPMD sampling rates (relative to laboratory data) due to differences in exposure temperature, membrane biofouling, and flow velocity-turbulence at the membrane surface. Thus, the PRC approach should allow for more accurate estimates of target solute/vapor concentrations in an exposure medium. Under some exposure conditions, the impact of environmental variables on SPMD sampling rates may approach an order of magnitude. The results of this study suggest that most of the effects of temperature, facial velocity-turbulence, and biofouling on the uptake rates of analytes with a wide range of hydrophobicities can be deduced from PRCs with a much narrower range of hydrophobicities. Finally, our findings indicate that the use of PRCs permits prediction of in situ SPMD sampling rates within 2-fold of directly measured values.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es010991w","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Huckins, J., Petty, J.D., Lebo, J., Almeida, F., Booij, K., Alvarez, D., Cranor, W., Clark, R., and Mogensen, B., 2002, Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 1, p. 85-91, https://doi.org/10.1021/es010991w.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207817,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es010991w"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a007ce4b0c8380cd4f776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. 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The fracture geometry of the gently east plunging fold is very regular and consists predominately of south dipping to subhorizontal to north dipping bedding-plane parting and east striking, steeply dipping axial-plane spaced cleavage. In the area of the piezometer arrays, which trend north-south on the north limb of the fold, north dipping bedding-plane parting is a more dominant fracture set than is steeply south dipping axial-plane cleavage. The dating of ground water from the piezometer arrays reveals that ground water traveling along paths parallel to the dip direction of bedding-plane parting has younger 3H/3He and CFC model ages, or a greater component of young water, than does ground water traveling along paths opposite to the dip direction. In predominantly unmixed samples there is a strong positive correlation between age of the young fraction of water and dissolved sodium concentration. The travel times inferred from the model ages are significantly longer than those previously calculated by a ground water flow model, which assumed isotropically fractured layers parallel to topography. A revised model factors in the directional anisotropy to produce longer travel times. Ground water travel times in the watershed therefore appear to be more influenced by anisotropic fracture geometry than previously realized. This could have significant implications for ground water models in other areas underlain by similarly tilted or folded sedimentary rock, such as elsewhere in the Valley and Ridge or the early Mesozoic basins.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02652.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Burton, W., Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Lindsey, B., and Gburek, W., 2002, Influence of fracture anisotropy on ground water ages and chemistry, Valley and Ridge province, Pennsylvania: Ground Water, v. 40, no. 3, p. 242-257, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02652.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"257","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Valley and Ridge Province","volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b3ae4b0c8380cd6233c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, W.C.","contributorId":41439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsey, B.D.","contributorId":89696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gburek, W.J.","contributorId":76098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gburek","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024682,"text":"70024682 - 2002 - Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed: Determination using δ15N and δ18O","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:34:07","indexId":"70024682","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed: Determination using δ15N and δ18O","title":"Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed: Determination using δ15N and δ18O","docAbstract":"Snowpack, snowmelt, precipitation, surface water, and groundwater samples from the Loch Vale watershed in Colorado were analyzed for δ15N and δ18O of nitrate to determine the processes controlling the release of atmospherically deposited nitrogen from alpine and subalpine ecosystems. Although overlap was found between the δ15N(NO3) values for all water types (−4 to +6‰), the δ18O(NO3) values for surface water and groundwater (+10 to +30‰) were usually distinct from snowpack, snowmelt, and rainfall values (+40 to +70‰). During snowmelt, δ18O(NO3) indicated that about half of the nitrate in stream water was the product of microbial nitrification; at other times that amount was greater than half. Springs emerging from talus deposits had high nitrate concentrations and a seasonal pattern in δ18O(NO3) that was similar to the pattern in the streams, indicating that shallow groundwater in talus deposits is a likely source of stream water nitrate. Only a few samples of surface water and groundwater collected during early snowmelt and large summer rain events had isotopic compositions that indicated most of the nitrate came directly from atmospheric deposition with no biological assimilation and release. This study demonstrates the value of the nitrate double‐isotope technique for determining nitrogen‐cycling processes and sources of nitrate in small, undisturbed watersheds that are enriched with inorganic nitrogen.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000294","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.H., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C., Silva, S.R., and Tonnessen, K.A., 2002, Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed: Determination using δ15N and δ18O: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 5, p. 10-1-10-9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000294.","productDescription":"Article 1052; 9 p.","startPage":"10-1","endPage":"10-9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478775,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000294","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75abe4b0c8380cd77c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":402238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, Steven R. srsilva@usgs.gov","contributorId":3162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven","email":"srsilva@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tonnessen, Kathy A.","contributorId":9588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179932,"text":"70179932 - 2002 - Novirhabdovirus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T12:13:56","indexId":"70179932","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Novirhabdovirus","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter in The Springer Index of Viruses","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","usgsCitation":"Leong, J., and Kurath, G., 2002, Novirhabdovirus, chap. of Chapter in The Springer Index of Viruses, p. 1067-1073.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"1067","endPage":"1073","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5883302be4b0d002316377f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leong, J.C.","contributorId":152183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leong","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25665,"text":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":659241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurath, G.","contributorId":152437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024400,"text":"70024400 - 2002 - Soil gas screening for chlorinated solvents at three contaminated karst sites in Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-14T16:34:55.902926","indexId":"70024400","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil gas screening for chlorinated solvents at three contaminated karst sites in Tennessee","docAbstract":"Soil gas was sampled using active sampling techniques and passive collectors at three sites in Tennessee to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques for locating chlorinated solvent sources and flowpaths in karst aquifers. Actively collected soil gas samples were analyzed in the field with a portable gas chromatograph, and the passive soil gas collectors were analyzed in the lab with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results of the sampling indicate that the effectiveness of both techniques is highly dependent on the distribution of the contaminants in the subsurface, the geomorphic and hydrogeologic characteristics of the site, and, in one case, on seasonal conditions. Both active and passive techniques identified areas of elevated subsurface chlorinated solvent concentrations at a landfill site where contamination remains concentrated in the regolith. Neither technique detected chlorinated solvents known to be moving in the bedrock at a manufacturing site characterized by thick regolith and an absence of surficial karst features. Passive soil gas sampling had varied success detecting flowpaths for chloroform in the bedrock at a train derailment site characterized by shallow regolith and abundant surficial karst features. At the train derailment site, delineation of the contaminant flowpath through passive soil gas sampling was stronger and more detailed under Winter conditions than summer.","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2002.tb00775.x","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, W.J., and Williams, S.D., 2002, Soil gas screening for chlorinated solvents at three contaminated karst sites in Tennessee: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 22, no. 4, p. 91-99, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2002.tb00775.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Etowah, Lewisburg, Waynesboro","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.56829071044922,\n 35.29186971180519\n ],\n [\n -84.4955062866211,\n 35.29186971180519\n ],\n [\n -84.4955062866211,\n 35.37029516219776\n ],\n [\n -84.56829071044922,\n 35.37029516219776\n ],\n [\n -84.56829071044922,\n 35.29186971180519\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.8333625793457,\n 35.41535532818056\n ],\n [\n -86.75233840942383,\n 35.41535532818056\n ],\n [\n -86.75233840942383,\n 35.4778660449482\n ],\n [\n -86.8333625793457,\n 35.4778660449482\n ],\n [\n -86.8333625793457,\n 35.41535532818056\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.82917022705077,\n 35.247862157399915\n ],\n [\n -87.69081115722656,\n 35.247862157399915\n ],\n [\n -87.69081115722656,\n 35.39100917257889\n ],\n [\n -87.82917022705077,\n 35.39100917257889\n ],\n [\n -87.82917022705077,\n 35.247862157399915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9201e4b08c986b319c25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":174054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Shannon D. swilliam@usgs.gov","contributorId":4133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Shannon","email":"swilliam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024277,"text":"70024277 - 2002 - Implications of water supply for indigenous Americans during Holocene ardity phases on the Southern High Plains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024277","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of water supply for indigenous Americans during Holocene ardity phases on the Southern High Plains, USA","docAbstract":"Springs in the 40 to 50 large lake basins (>15 km2) on the southern portion of the Southern High Plains (SHP) were active during periods of aridity in the Holocene when there may have been human habitation of the area. Eolian erosion of the lake floors and lunette accretion occurred as groundwater levels declined in response to decreased groundwater recharge. The declining lake floor associated with eolian erosion allowed groundwater evaporative discharge to continue, thus maintaining a groundwater gradient toward the lake. This hydrologic condition was favorable for a relatively continuous spring discharge to the lake, independent of the elevation of the lake floor. To evaluate the postulated dynamic equilibrium critical to this conclusion, 17 optically stimulated ages were determined from a 17.7-m deep core of a lunette adjacent to Double Lakes, Texas (33??13???15???N, 101??54???08???W). The core yielded sediment accumulation dates of 11,500 ?? 1100, 6500 ?? 700, and 4900 ?? 500 yr B.P., corresponding broadly with periods of aridity known from other evidence. Based on analysis of this lunette, it is concluded that springs in Double Lakes basin probably existed throughout the Holocene with discharges similar to those observed historically. We assumed that similar dynamic equilibrium existed in the other large lake basins in the SHP and that these springs could have provided a continuous source of water for indigenous peoples during periods of prolonged aridity. The dynamic equilibrium that is proposed in this study is applicable not only to other arid and semiarid geographic areas with wind-erodible material but also over different geologic times. ?? 2002 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.2002.2355","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., Stokes, S., and Rich, J., 2002, Implications of water supply for indigenous Americans during Holocene ardity phases on the Southern High Plains, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 58, no. 2, p. 139-148, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2355.","startPage":"139","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2355"},{"id":231731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3931e4b0c8380cd61838","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stokes, S.","contributorId":58041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rich, J.","contributorId":59193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rich","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024798,"text":"70024798 - 2002 - Behavioural and physiological response of trout to winter habitat in tailwaters in Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024798","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioural and physiological response of trout to winter habitat in tailwaters in Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"Fisheries managers have often suggested that survival of trout during the winter is a major factor affecting population densities in many stream ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains. In Wyoming, trout population reductions from fall to spring in excess of 90% have been documented in some reservoir tailwaters. Though biologists have surmised that these reductions were the result of either mortality or emigration from some river sections, the specific mechanisms have not been defined and the factors leading to the trout loss are unknown. This is a review of four studies that were conducted or funded between 1991 and 1998 by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department to understand the extent of overwinter losses, identify some of the mechanisms leading to those conditions and develop management strategies to help avoid those impacts. Winter studies were conducted on tailwater fisheries in the Green, North Platte, Bighorn and Shoshone rivers to document trout population dynamics, assess physical habitat availability, evaluate trout movement and habitat selection, and understand the relationships between food availability and bioenergetic relationships. Results indicate that winter trout losses are extreme in some years, that trout movement and habitat selection are affected by supercooled flows, and that mortality is probably not directly due to starvation. The combination of physiological impairment with frequently altered habitat availability probably leads to indirect mortality from predators and other factors. Copyright ?? 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.376","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Annear, T., Hubert, W., Simpkins, D., and Hebdon, L., 2002, Behavioural and physiological response of trout to winter habitat in tailwaters in Wyoming, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 16, no. 4, p. 915-925, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.376.","startPage":"915","endPage":"925","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.376"},{"id":233249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0ace4b0c8380cd4a854","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Annear, T.C.","contributorId":65640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annear","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.","contributorId":77707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpkins, D.","contributorId":101851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpkins","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hebdon, L.","contributorId":95656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hebdon","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024792,"text":"70024792 - 2002 - Water quality in shallow alluvial aquifers, Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T22:17:22.043407","indexId":"70024792","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality in shallow alluvial aquifers, Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1997","docAbstract":"Shallow ground water in areas of increasing urban development within the Upper Colorado River Basin was sampled for inorganic and organic constituents to characterize water-quality conditions and to identify potential anthropogenic effects resulting from development. In 1997, 25 shallow monitoring wells were installed and sampled in five areas of urban development in Eagle, Grand, Gunnison, and Summit Counties, Colorado. The results of this study indicate that the shallow ground water in the study area is suitable for most uses. Nonparametric statistical methods showed that constituents and parameters measured in the shallow wells were often significantly different between the five developing urban areas. Radon concentrations exceeded the proposed USEPA maximum contaminant level at all sites. The presence of nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds indicate anthropogenic activities are affecting the shallow ground-water quality in the study area. Nitrate as N concentrations greater than 2.0 mg/L were observed in ground water recharged between the 1980s and 1990s. Low concentrations of methylene blue active substances were detected at a few sites. Total coliform bacteria were detected at ten sites; however, E. coli was not detected. Continued monitoring is needed to assess the effects of increasing urban development on the shallow ground-water quality in the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01541.x","usgsCitation":"Apodaca, L.E., Bails, J., and Smith, C.M., 2002, Water quality in shallow alluvial aquifers, Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1997: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 38, no. 1, p. 133-149, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01541.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.97338867187499,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n -107.90771484375,\n 37.76202988573211\n ],\n [\n -107.24853515625,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -106.76513671875,\n 37.79676317682161\n ],\n [\n -106.4794921875,\n 38.07404145941957\n ],\n [\n -106.23779296875,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -106.19384765625,\n 39.07037913108751\n ],\n [\n -106.10595703125,\n 39.74943369178247\n ],\n [\n -105.523681640625,\n 40.06125658140474\n ],\n [\n -105.46875,\n 40.421860362045194\n ],\n [\n -106.72119140625,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -107.77587890625,\n 40.40513069752789\n ],\n [\n -108.2373046875,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 39.49556336059472\n ],\n [\n -108.97338867187499,\n 38.324420427006544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc89ae4b08c986b32c9fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apodaca, Lori E. lapodaca@usgs.gov","contributorId":1844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apodaca","given":"Lori","email":"lapodaca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bails, J. 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Michelle","contributorId":93900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024659,"text":"70024659 - 2002 - Mercury methylation at mercury mines in the Humboldt River Basin, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024659","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury methylation at mercury mines in the Humboldt River Basin, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Total Hg and methylmercury concentrations were measured in mine-waste calcines (retorted ore), sediment, and water samples collected in and around abandoned mercury mines in western Nevada to evaluate Hg methylation at the mines and in the Humboldt River Basin. Mine-waste calcines contain total Hg concentrations as high as 14 000 ??g g-1. Stream-sediment samples collected within 1 km of the mercury mines contain total Hg concentrations as high as 170 ??g g-1, whereas stream sediments collected at a distance >5 km from the mines, and those collected from the Humboldt River and regional baseline sites, contain total Hg concentrations <0.5 ??g g-1. Similarly, methylmercury concentrations in mine-waste calcines are locally as high as 96 ng g-1, but methylmercury contents in stream sediments collected downstream from the mines and from the Humboldt River are lower, ranging from <0.05 to 0.95 ng g-1. Stream-water samples collected downstream from two mines studied contain total Hg concentrations ranging from 6 to 2000 ng 1-1, whereas total Hg in Humboldt River water was generally lower, ranging from 2.1 to 9.0 ng 1-1. Methylmercury concentrations in the Humboldt River water were the lowest in this study (<0.02-0.27 ng 1-1). Although total Hg and methylmercury concentrations are locally high in mine-waste calcines, there is significant dilution of Hg and there is also lower Hg methylation down gradient from the mines, especially in the sediments and water collected from the Humboldt River, which is >8 km from the nearest mercury mines. Our data indicate little transference of Hg and methylmercury from the sediment to the water column due to the lack of mine runoff in this desert climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/1467-787302-017","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Crock, J., and Lasorsa, B., 2002, Mercury methylation at mercury mines in the Humboldt River Basin, Nevada, USA: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 2, no. 2, p. 143-149, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-787302-017.","startPage":"143","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207691,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-787302-017"},{"id":232849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5421e4b0c8380cd6ceb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lasorsa, B.K.","contributorId":42756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasorsa","given":"B.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179945,"text":"70179945 - 2002 - Monitoring of Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T12:43:44","indexId":"70179945","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Monitoring of Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Janney, E., Hayes, B., Shively, R., Tyler, T., and Blackwood, G., 2002, Monitoring of Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.95098876953125,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -122.05398559570312,\n 42.54093947168063\n ],\n [\n -122.10479736328125,\n 42.481212777716166\n ],\n [\n -122.03201293945311,\n 42.384922757848045\n ],\n [\n -121.92214965820311,\n 42.26511445833756\n ],\n [\n -121.81777954101561,\n 42.21224516288584\n ],\n [\n -121.79031372070312,\n 42.25393426299183\n ],\n [\n -121.81228637695312,\n 42.393037095207596\n ],\n [\n -121.85348510742188,\n 42.45892719924497\n ],\n [\n -121.92901611328125,\n 42.51361399979923\n ],\n [\n -121.915283203125,\n 42.57432103728761\n ],\n [\n -121.93450927734375,\n 42.593532625649935\n ],\n [\n -121.95098876953125,\n 42.601619944327965\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5883302ae4b0d002316377ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janney, E.C.","contributorId":43955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janney","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, B.S.","contributorId":34721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tyler, T.J.","contributorId":177756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blackwood, G.N.","contributorId":178494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blackwood","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}