Basin analysis and tectonic reconstructions of the Cenozoic history of the Death Valley region, California, USA, are hindered by a lack of volcanic (tuff) age control in many stratigraphic successions exposed in the Grapevine and Funeral Mountains of California, USA. Although maximum depositional ages (MDAs) interpreted from detrital zircon U-Pb data may be a promising alternative to volcanic ages, arguments remain regarding the calculation of MDAs including, but not limited to, the number of “young” grains to consider (i.e., the spectrum of dates used to calculate the MDA); which grains, if any, should be ignored; which approaches yield results that are statistically rigorous; and ultimately, which approaches result in ages that are geologically reasonable. We compare commonly used metrics of detrital zircon MDA for five sandstone samples from the Cenozoic strata exposed on Bat Mountain in the southern Funeral Mountains of California—i.e., the youngest single grain (YSG), the weighted mean of the youngest grain cluster of two or more grains at 1σ uncertainty (YC1σ(2+)) and of three or more grains at 2σ uncertainty (YC2σ(3+)), the youngest graphical peak (YPP), and the maximum likelihood age (MLA). Every sandstone sample yielded abundant Cenozoic zircon U-Pb dates that formed unimodal, near-normal age distributions that were clearly distinguishable from the next-oldest grains in each sample and showed an apparent up-section decrease in peak age. Benchmarked against published K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages and five new zircon U-Pb ages of ash-fall tuffs, our analysis parallels prior studies and demonstrates that many MDA metrics—YSG, YC1σ(2+), YC2σ(3+), and YPP—drift toward unreasonably young or old values. In contrast, the maximum likelihood estimation approach and the resulting MLA metric consistently produce geologically appropriate estimates of MDA without arbitrary omission of any young (or old) zircon dates. Using the MLAs of sandstones and zircon U-Pb ages of interbedded ash-fall tuffs, we develop a new age model for the Oligocene–Miocene Amargosa Valley Formation (deposited ca. 28.5–18.5 Ma) and the Miocene Bat Mountain Formation (deposited ca. 15.5–13.5 Ma) and revise correlations to Cenozoic strata across the eastern Death Valley region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02543.1","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, T.M., Souders, A., Lundstern, J., Gilmer, A.K., and Thompson, R., 2023, Revised age and regional correlations of Cenozoic strata on Bat Mountain, Death Valley region, California, USA, from zircon U-Pb geochronology of sandstones and ash-fall tuffs: Geosphere, v. 19, no. 1, p. 235-257, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02543.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"257","ipdsId":"IP-139248","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445066,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02543.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435534,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P982KK4D","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Zircon U-Pb data for ash-fall tuffs and sandstones of the Cenozoic Amargosa Valley and Bat Mountain Formations exposed on Bat Mountain, southern Funeral Mountains, California, USA"},{"id":411342,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bat Mountain, Death Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.12127468750195,\n 37.16000456147583\n ],\n [\n -117.12127468750195,\n 35.551070951522945\n ],\n [\n -115.75746797181529,\n 35.551070951522945\n ],\n [\n -115.75746797181529,\n 37.16000456147583\n ],\n [\n -117.12127468750195,\n 37.16000456147583\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Theresa Maude 0000-0001-6606-4072","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6606-4072","contributorId":245180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"Maude","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Souders, Amanda 0000-0002-1367-8924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1367-8924","contributorId":296423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souders","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lundstern, Jens-Erik 0000-0003-0000-8013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0000-8013","contributorId":264189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstern","given":"Jens-Erik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilmer, Amy K. 0000-0001-5038-8136","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-8136","contributorId":218307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":207982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70239141,"text":"70239141 - 2023 - Sharing land via keystone structure: Retaining naturally regenerated trees may efficiently benefit birds in plantations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T16:56:36.003705","indexId":"70239141","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-22T07:02:43","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sharing land via keystone structure: Retaining naturally regenerated trees may efficiently benefit birds in plantations","docAbstract":"Meeting food/wood demands with increasing human population and per-capita consumption is a pressing conservation issue, and is often framed as a choice between land sparing and land sharing. Although most empirical studies comparing the efficacy of land sparing and sharing supported land sparing, land sharing may be more efficient if its performance is tested by rigorous experimental design and habitat structures providing crucial resources for various species––keystone structures––are clearly involved. We launched a manipulative experiment to retain naturally regenerated broad-leaved trees when harvesting conifer plantations in central Hokkaido, northern Japan. We surveyed birds in harvested treatments, unharvested plantation controls and natural forest references one-year before the harvest and for three consecutive post-harvest years. We developed a hierarchical community model separating abundance and space-use (territorial proportion overlapping treatment plots) subject to imperfect detection to assess population consequences of retention harvesting. Application of the model to our data showed that retaining some broad-leaved trees increased total abundance of forest birds over the harvest rotation cycle. Specifically, pre-harvest survey showed that the amount of broad-leaved trees increased forest bird abundance in a concave manner (i.e., in a form of diminishing-return). After harvesting, a small amount of retained broad-leaved trees mitigated negative harvesting impacts on abundance though retention harvesting reduced the space-use. Nevertheless, positive retention effects on the post-harvest bird density as the product of abundance and space-use exhibited a concave form. Thus, small profit reductions were shown to yield large increases in forest bird abundance. The difference in bird abundance between clear-cutting and low amounts of broad-leaved tree retention increased slightly from the first to second post-harvesting years. We conclude that retaining a small amount of broad-leaved trees may be a cost-effective on-site conservation approach for the management of conifer plantations. Retention of 20-30 broad-leaved trees per ha may be sufficient to maintain higher forest bird abundance than clear-cutting over the rotation cycle. Retention approaches can be incorporated into management systems using certification schemes and best management practices. Developing an awareness of the roles and values of naturally regenerated trees is needed to diversify plantations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2802","usgsCitation":"Yamaura, Y., Unno, A., and Royle, A., 2023, Sharing land via keystone structure: Retaining naturally regenerated trees may efficiently benefit birds in plantations: Ecological Applications, v. 33, no. 3, e2802, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2802.","productDescription":"e2802","ipdsId":"IP-136595","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":411174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yamaura, Yuichi","contributorId":300495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yamaura","given":"Yuichi","affiliations":[{"id":65171,"text":"Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unno, Akira","contributorId":300496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Unno","given":"Akira","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65172,"text":"Fores try Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Koshunai, Bibai,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70239227,"text":"70239227 - 2023 - Hydrologic and landscape controls on dissolved organic matter composition across western North American Arctic lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T13:01:40.595403","indexId":"70239227","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-22T06:59:27","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and landscape controls on dissolved organic matter composition across western North American Arctic lakes","docAbstract":"Northern high-latitude lakes are hotspots for cycling dissolved organic carbon (DOC) inputs from allochthonous sources to the atmosphere. However, the spatial distribution of lake dissolved organic matter (DOM) is largely unknown across Arctic-boreal regions with respect to the surrounding landscape. We expand on regional studies of northern high-latitude DOM composition by integrating DOC concentrations, optical properties, and molecular-level characterization from lakes spanning the Canadian Taiga to the Alaskan Tundra. Lakes were sampled during the summer from July to early September to capture the growing season. DOM became more optically processed and molecular-level aromaticity increased northward across the Canadian Shield to the southern Arctic and from interior Alaska to the Tundra, suggesting relatively greater DOM incorporation from allochthonous sources. Using water isotopes (δ18O-H2O), we report a weak overall trend of increasing DOC and decreasing aromaticity in lakes that were hydrologically isolated from the landscape and enriched in δ18O-H2O, while within-region trends were stronger and varied depending on the landscape. Finally, DOC correlated weakly with chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) across the study sites, suggesting that autochthonous and photobleached DOM were a major component of the DOC in these regions; however, some of the northernmost and wetland-dominated lakes followed pan-Arctic riverine DOC-CDOM relationships, indicating strong contributions from allochthonous inputs. As many lakes across the North American Arctic are experiencing changes in temperature and precipitation, we expect the proportions of allochthonous and autochthonous DOM to respond with aquatic optical browning with greater landscape connectivity and more internally produced DOM in hydrologically isolated lakes.
Genetic variation is a well-known indicator of population fitness yet is not typically included in monitoring programs for sensitive species. Additionally, most programs monitor populations at one scale, which can lead to potential mismatches with ecological processes critical to species' conservation. Recently developed methods generating hierarchically nested population units (i.e., clusters of varying scales) for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have identified population trend declines across spatiotemporal scales to help managers target areas for conservation. The same clusters used as a proxy for spatial scale can alert managers to local units (i.e., neighborhood-scale) with low genetic diversity, further facilitating identification of management targets. We developed a genetic warning system utilizing previously developed hierarchical population units to identify management-relevant areas with low genetic diversity within the greater sage-grouse range. Within this warning system we characterized conservation concern thresholds based on values of genetic diversity and developed a statistical model for microsatellite data to robustly estimate these values for hierarchically nested populations. We found that 41 of 224 neighborhood-scale clusters had low genetic diversity, 23 of which were coupled with documented local population trend decline. We also found evidence of cross-scale low genetic diversity in the small and isolated Washington population, unlikely to be reversed through typical local management actions alone. The combination of low genetic diversity and a declining population suggests relatively high conservation concern. Our findings could further facilitate conservation action prioritization in combination with population trend assessments and (or) local information, and act as a base-line of genetic diversity for future comparison. Importantly, the approach we used is broadly applicable across taxa.
Chemically activated luciferase expression (CALUX) cell bioassays are popular tools for assessing endocrine activity of chemicals such as certain environmental contaminants. Although activity equivalents can be obtained from CALUX analysis, directly comparing these equivalents to those obtained from analytical chemistry methods can be problematic because of the complexity of endocrine active pathways. We explored the suitability of two estrogen CALUX bioassays (the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development–approved VM7Luc4E2 cell bioassay and the VM7LucERβc9 cell bioassay) for quantitation of estrogen. Quadrupole-time of flight ultraperformance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was selected as a comparative method. Regression analysis of measured estrone (E1) calibration samples showed all three methods to be highly predictive of nominal concentrations (p ≤ 7.5 × 10–51). Extracts of water sampled from laboratory dilutor tanks containing E1 at 0, 20, and 200 ng/L alone and in combination with atrazine were selected to test the quantitative capabilities of the CALUX assays. Process controls (0 and 100 ng E1/L) and a separate E1 standard (10 ng/ml, used to prepare the E1 process control) were also tested. Levels of E1 determined by LC/MS analysis and bioanalytical equivalents (ng E1/L) determined by CALUX analyses were comparable except in certain instances where the samples required dilution prior to CALUX analyses (e.g., the E1 process control and E1 standard). In those instances, measurements by CALUX were slightly but significantly decreased relative to LC/MS. Atrazine had no effect on the ability of either LC/MS or the CALUX bioassays to quantify E1. The present study illustrates the CALUX bioassays as successful in quantifying an estrogen in simple water samples and further characterizes their utility for screening. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:333–339. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Spatially heterogeneous landscape factors such as urbanisation can have substantial effects on the severity and spread of wildlife diseases. However, research linking patterns of pathogen transmission to landscape features remains rare. Using a combination of phylogeographic and machine learning approaches, we tested the influence of landscape and host factors on feline immunodeficiency virus (FIVLru) genetic variation and spread among bobcats (Lynx rufus) sampled from coastal southern California. We found evidence for increased rates of FIVLru lineage spread through areas of higher vegetation density. Furthermore, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation among FIVLru sequences was associated with host genetic distances and geographic location, with FIVLru genetic discontinuities precisely correlating with known urban barriers to host dispersal. An effect of forest land cover on FIVLru SNP variation was likely attributable to host population structure and differences in forest land cover between different populations. Taken together, these results suggest that the spread of FIVLru is constrained by large-scale urban barriers to host movement. Although urbanisation at fine spatial scales did not appear to directly influence virus transmission or spread, we found evidence that viruses transmit and spread more quickly through areas containing higher proportions of natural habitat. These multiple lines of evidence demonstrate how urbanisation can change patterns of contact-dependent pathogen transmission and provide insights into how continued urban development may influence the incidence and management of wildlife disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/ve/veac122","usgsCitation":"Kozakiewicz, C.P., Burridge, C.P., Lee, J.S., Kraberger, S.J., Fountain-Jones, N.M., Fisher, R., Lyren, L., Jennings, M.K., Riley, S.P., Serieys, L.E., Craft, M.E., Funk, W., Crooks, K.R., VandeWoude, S., and Carver, S., 2023, Habitat connectivity and host relatedness influence virus spread across an urbanising landscape in a fragmentation-sensitive carnivore: Virus Evolution, v. 9, no. 1, veac122, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/veac122.","productDescription":"veac122, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147216","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/veac122","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":412803,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.66073072596345,\n 34.67766214950238\n ],\n [\n -119.66073072596345,\n 32.4821568694025\n ],\n [\n -115.75125818937316,\n 32.4821568694025\n ],\n [\n -115.75125818937316,\n 34.67766214950238\n ],\n [\n -119.66073072596345,\n 34.67766214950238\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozakiewicz, Christopher P.","contributorId":212126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kozakiewicz","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38423,"text":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burridge, Christopher P.","contributorId":221854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burridge","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16141,"text":"University of Tasmania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Justin S.","contributorId":197455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraberger, Simona J","contributorId":225262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraberger","given":"Simona","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fountain-Jones, Nicholas M","contributorId":288548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fountain-Jones","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":61795,"text":"ut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyren, Lisa M.","contributorId":302224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyren","given":"Lisa M.","affiliations":[{"id":24583,"text":"former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jennings, Megan K.","contributorId":221856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jennings","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Riley, Seth P.D.","contributorId":145429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"Seth","middleInitial":"P.D.","affiliations":[{"id":7237,"text":"NPS, Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Serieys, Laurel E K","contributorId":225263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serieys","given":"Laurel","email":"","middleInitial":"E K","affiliations":[{"id":27155,"text":"University of California Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Craft, Meggan E.","contributorId":168372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craft","given":"Meggan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Funk, W Chris","contributorId":261218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"W Chris","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Crooks, Kevin R.","contributorId":51137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crooks","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"VandeWoude, Sue","contributorId":179201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VandeWoude","given":"Sue","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Carver, Scott 0000-0002-3579-7588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-7588","contributorId":197456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carver","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70241953,"text":"70241953 - 2023 - Estimating phosphorus retention capacity of flow-through wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T11:47:46.606064","indexId":"70241953","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-21T06:44:20","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating phosphorus retention capacity of flow-through wetlands","docAbstract":"A Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach is introduced to pool data properly from multiple flow-through wetlands to estimate wetland-specific long-term phosphorus retention capacity. By pooling data from multiple wetlands, we overcome the difficulties in estimating the effectiveness of using constructed and natural wetlands for nutrient reduction. The Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach reduces estimation uncertainty by shrinking wetland-specific estimates towards the overall average of the same quantity from multiple wetlands, facilitating information sharing across sites, thereby reducing the demand on sample sizes from individual wetlands and avoiding several common pitfalls of using large data (i.e., from multiple systems) induced by Simpson's paradox. In this paper, we develop a sequential updating framework to alleviate the computational burden of compiling and modeling data from multiple wetlands. We then demonstrate the sequential updating process to estimate retention capacity of a suite of wetlands in Ohio, USA. A total of four wetlands, representing both natural and constructed wetlands, were used. The estimated total phosphorus retention capacities range less than 0.01 to well over 1 ton per year per system. As wetland restoration initiatives expand around the Laurentian Great Lakes and nationally, this model serves as an important initial step in developing tools to meet nutrient reduction goals and standards. Extending this work, we have developed a publicly accessible on-line open computation platform that can help natural resource specialists better plan for wetland efficacy in the future.
Accurate estimates of earthquake ground shaking rely on uncertain ground-motion models derived from limited instrumental recordings of historical earthquakes. A critical issue is that there is currently no method to empirically validate the resultant ground-motion estimates of these models at the timescale of rare, large earthquakes; this lack of validation causes great uncertainty in ground-motion estimates. Here, we address this issue and validate ground-motion estimates for southern California utilizing the unexceeded ground motions recorded by 20 precariously balanced rocks. We used cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating to model the age of the precariously balanced rocks, which ranged from ca. 1 ka to ca. 50 ka, and calculated their probability of toppling at different ground-motion levels. With this rock data, we then validated the earthquake ground motions estimated by the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 3 (UCERF3) seismic-source characterization and the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)-West2 ground-motion models. We found that no ground-motion model estimated levels of earthquake ground shaking consistent with the observed continued existence of all 20 precariously balanced rocks. The ground-motion model I14 estimated ground-motion levels that were inconsistent with the most rocks; therefore, I14 was invalidated and removed. At a 2475 year mean return period, the removal of this invalid ground-motion model resulted in a 2–7% reduction in the mean and a 10–36% reduction in the 5th–95th fractile uncertainty of the ground-motion estimates. Our findings demonstrate the value of empirical data from precariously balanced rocks as a validation tool for removing invalid ground-motion models and, in turn, reducing the uncertainty in earthquake ground-motion estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B36484.1","usgsCitation":"Rood, A.H., Rood, D., Balco, G., Stafford, P.J., Grant Ludwig, L., Kendrick, K.J., and Wilcken, K., 2023, Validation of earthquake ground-motion models in southern California, USA, using precariously balanced rocks: GSA Bulletin, v. 135, no. 9-10, p. 2179-2199, https://doi.org/10.1130/B36484.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2179","endPage":"2199","ipdsId":"IP-143199","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 34.6\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 33.6\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 33.6\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.6\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 34.6\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"135","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rood, Anna H.","contributorId":245478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rood","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":928942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rood, Dylan","contributorId":167067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rood","given":"Dylan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24608,"text":"Imperial College London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balco, Greg","contributorId":347027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balco","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stafford, Peter J.","contributorId":261918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stafford","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24608,"text":"Imperial College London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grant Ludwig, Lisa","contributorId":245422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant Ludwig","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34134,"text":"UC Irvine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendrick, Katherine J. 0000-0002-9839-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-6861","contributorId":207907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilcken, Klaus","contributorId":351569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilcken","given":"Klaus","affiliations":[{"id":84009,"text":"Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70239050,"text":"70239050 - 2023 - Cryptic declines of small, cold-water specialists highlight potential vulnerabilities of headwater streams as climate refugia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T12:48:14.551596","indexId":"70239050","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-20T06:45:50","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cryptic declines of small, cold-water specialists highlight potential vulnerabilities of headwater streams as climate refugia","docAbstract":"Increasing temperatures and climate-driven disturbances like wildfire are a growing threat to many species, including cold-water specialists. Montane areas and cold streams are often considered climate refugia that buffer communities against change. However, climate refugia are often species-specific, and despite growing awareness that life histories and habitat requirements shape responses to change, small or non-game species are often under-represented in monitoring and planning programs. A recent study in Montana, USA, revealed much larger warming-related declines in occupancy for small, non-game slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) between 1993 and 1995 and 2011–2013 than for two socially valued salmonid fishes that shape regional conservation efforts. To broaden insight into climate change vulnerabilities of headwater stream communities, we analyzed data for Rocky Mountain tailed frogs (Ascaphus montanus) that were collected during those same electrofishing surveys for fishes from 241 stream reaches. Tailed frogs occupy small, cold streams and have several life-history traits that make them sensitive to environmental change. We used a Bayesian framework to estimate occupancy, colonization, and extinction dynamics relative to forest canopy, estimated stream temperature, and wildfire effects. Tailed frog occupancy decreased by 19 % from 1993 to 1995 to 2011–2013. Changes in occupancy were linked with increased extinction and reduced colonization where there were fire-driven reductions in canopy cover, and reduced colonization of stream reaches that warmed on average 0.8 °C during the study. Our results highlight extensive extirpations for oft-overlooked species and emphasize the importance of including species with diverse habitat requirements and life histories in conservation planning.
Rock detention structures (RDS) are used in restoration of riparian areas around the world. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of RDS installation on vegetation in terms of species abundance and composition. We present the results from 5 years of annual vegetation sampling which focused on short term non-woody vegetation response within the riparian channel at 3 restoration sites across southeastern Arizona. We examined the potential ways that RDS can preserve native species, encourage wetland species, and/or introduce nonnative species using a Control-Impact-Paired-Series study design. Species composition and frequency were measured within quadrats and zones on an annual basis. Multivariate bootstrap analyses were performed, including Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination. We found that response to RDS was variable and could be related to the level of degradation or proximity to groundwater. The non-degraded site did not show a response to RDS and the severely degraded site showed a slight increase in vegetation frequency, but the moderately degraded site experienced a significant increase. At the moderately degraded site, located between two historic ciénegas (desert wetlands), species composition shifted and nonnative species invaded, dominating the vegetation increase at this location. At the severely degraded site, pre-existing wetland species frequency increased in response to the installation of RDS. These findings extend the understanding of RDS effects on vegetation, provide scenarios to help land and water resource managers understand potential outcomes, and can assist in optimizing success for restoration projects.
The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is globally important for breeding waterfowl but has been altered via wetland drainage and grassland conversion to accommodate agricultural land use. Thus, understanding the ecology of waterfowl in these highly modified landscapes is essential for their conservation. Brood occurrence is the cumulative outcome of key life-history events including pair formation and territory establishment, nest success, and early brood survival. We applied new technological advances in brood surveying methods to understand brood use of wetlands and how land use and wetland-specific factors influenced brood use of 413 wetlands in crop-dominated landscapes in the PPR of Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, USA, during summers of 2018–2020. Dynamic occupancy models combining information from 2 visits throughout the year revealed no difference among the 4 states or between private and public lands, resulting in a region-wide annual wetland occupancy estimate of 0.41 (95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.26, 0.58). We assessed aquatic invertebrate forage availability, wetland and upland vegetation communities, and various water chemistry metrics in a subset (n = 225) of these wetlands to evaluate how landscape and wetland-specific factors influenced occupancy. The amount of grassland surrounding wetlands was the only variable to influence occupancy at a landscape scale, while wetland size, invertebrates, fish, and vegetation communities influenced occupancy at finer scales. Closer scrutiny of wetland area revealed occupancy was greater in small wetlands after controlling for total wetland area. Our results indicate the greatest constraint on brood occupancy across crop-dominated landscapes of the PPR in the United States was the occurrence of semipermanent wetlands suitable for brood rearing. Other factors, such as wetland vegetation or surrounding land use, had minor intervening influences on duck brood use and ducks were distributed invariant of wetland ownership or broad spatial processes occurring among states. These results demonstrated wetland conservation and restoration strategies are likely to yield gains in annual duck broods across this vast, altered, and highly modified landscape.
Bottled water (BW) consumption in the United States and globally has increased amidst heightened concern about environmental contaminant exposures and health risks in drinking water supplies, despite a paucity of directly comparable, environmentally-relevant contaminant exposure data for BW. This study provides insight into exposures and cumulative risks to human health from inorganic/organic/microbial contaminants in BW.
BW from 30 total domestic US (23) and imported (7) sources, including purified tapwater (7) and spring water (23), were analyzed for 3 field parameters, 53 inorganics, 465 organics, 14 microbial metrics, and in vitro estrogen receptor (ER) bioactivity. Health-benchmark-weighted cumulative hazard indices and ratios of organic-contaminant in vitro exposure-activity cutoffs were assessed for detected regulated and unregulated inorganic and organic contaminants.
48 inorganics and 45 organics were detected in sampled BW. No enforceable chemical quality standards were exceeded, but several inorganic and organic contaminants with maximum contaminant level goal(s) (MCLG) of zero (no known safe level of exposure to vulnerable sub-populations) were detected. Among these, arsenic, lead, and uranium were detected in 67 %, 17 %, and 57 % of BW, respectively, almost exclusively in spring-sourced samples not treated by advanced filtration. Organic MCLG exceedances included frequent detections of disinfection byproducts (DBP) in tapwater-sourced BW and sporadic detections of DBP and volatile organic chemicals in BW sourced from tapwater and springs. Precautionary health-based screening levels were exceeded frequently and attributed primarily to DBP in tapwater-sourced BW and co-occurring inorganic and organic contaminants in spring-sourced BW.
The results indicate that simultaneous exposures to multiple drinking-water contaminants of potential human-health concern are common in BW. Improved understandings of human exposures based on more environmentally realistic and directly comparable point-of-use exposure characterizations, like this BW study, are essential to public health because drinking water is a biological necessity and, consequently, a high-vulnerability vector for human contaminant exposures.
Veniaminof Volcano on the Alaska Peninsula of southwest Alaska is one of a small group of ice-clad volcanoes globally that erupts lava flows in the presence of glacier ice. Here, we describe the nature of lava-ice-snow interactions that have occurred during historical eruptions of the volcano since 1944. Lava flows with total volumes on the order of 0.006 km3 have been erupted in 1983–1984, 1993–1994, 2013, and 2018. Smaller amounts of lava (1 × 10−4 km3 or less) were generated during eruptions in 1944 and 2021. All known historical eruptions have occurred at a 300-m-high cinder cone (informally named cone A) within the 8 × 10-km-diameter ice-filled caldera that characterizes Veniaminof Volcano. Supraglacial lava flows erupted at cone A, resulted in minor amounts of melting and did not lead to any significant outflows of water in nearby drainages. Subglacial effusion of lava in 1983–1984, 2021 and possibly in 1944 and 1993–1994 resulted in more significant melting including a partially water-filled melt pit, about 0.8 km2 in area, that developed during the 1983–1984 eruption. The 1983–1984 event created an impression that meltwater floods from Mount Veniaminof’s ice-filled caldera could be significant and hazardous given the large amount of glacier ice resident within the caldera (ice volume about 8 km3). To date, no evidence supporting catastrophic outflow of meltwater from lava-ice interactions at cone A has been found. Analysis of imagery from the 1983–1984 eruption shows that the initial phase erupted englacial lavas that melted ice/snow/firn from below, producing surface subsidence outward from the cone with no discernable surface connection to the summit vent on cone A. This also happened during the 2021 eruption, and possibly during the 1993–1994 eruption although meltwater lakes did not form during these events. Thus, historical eruptions at Veniaminof Volcano appear to have two different modes of effusive eruptive behavior, where lava reaches the ice subglacially from flank vents, or where lava flows are erupted subaerially from vents near the summit of cone A and flow down the cone on to the ice surface. When placed in the context of global lava-ice eruptions, in cases where lava flows melt the ice from the surface downward, the main hazards are from localized phreatic explosions as opposed to potential flood/lahar hazards. However, when lava effusion/emplacement occurs beneath the ice surface, melting is more rapid and can produce lakes whose drainage could plausibly produce localized floods and lahars.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-022-05523-4","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Edwards, B.R., Miller, T.P., and McGimsey, R.G., 2023, Lava-ice interactions during historical eruptions of Veniaminof Volcano, Alaska and the potential for meltwater floods and lahars: Natural Hazards, v. 115, p. 73-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05523-4.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-135174","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467131,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05523-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463345,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Veniaminof Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.5358525511267,\n 56.27834441063078\n ],\n [\n -159.5358525511267,\n 56.05302637076889\n ],\n [\n -159.12370600367657,\n 56.05302637076889\n ],\n [\n -159.12370600367657,\n 56.27834441063078\n ],\n [\n -159.5358525511267,\n 56.27834441063078\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Benjamin R","contributorId":345586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":39028,"text":"Dickinson College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Thomas P","contributorId":345587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":36206,"text":"Retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":917057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70239011,"text":"70239011 - 2023 - Genetic architecture and evolution of color variation in American black bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-18T17:28:15.216346","indexId":"70239011","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-16T07:49:49","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1352,"text":"Current Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic architecture and evolution of color variation in American black bears","docAbstract":"Color variation is a frequent evolutionary substrate for camouflage in small mammals, but the underlying genetics and evolutionary forces that drive color variation in natural populations of large mammals are mostly unexplained. The American black bear, Ursus americanus (U. americanus), exhibits a range of colors including the cinnamon morph, which has a similar color to the brown bear, U. arctos, and is found at high frequency in the American southwest. Reflectance and chemical melanin measurements showed little distinction between U. arctos and cinnamon U. americanus individuals. We used a genome-wide association for hair color as a quantitative trait in 151 U. americanus individuals and identified a single major locus (p < 10−13). Additional genomic and functional studies identified a missense alteration (R153C) in Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) that likely affects binding of the zinc cofactor, impairs protein localization, and results in decreased pigment production. Population genetic analyses and demographic modeling indicated that the R153C variant arose 9.36 kya in a southwestern population where it likely provided a selective advantage, spreading both northwards and eastwards by gene flow. A different TYRP1 allele, R114C, contributes to the characteristic brown color of U. arctos but is not fixed across the range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.042","usgsCitation":"Puckett, E., Davis, I.S., Harper, D.C., Wakamatsu, K., Battu, G., Belant, J., Beyer, D.E., Carpenter, C., Crupi, A., Davidson, M., DePerno, C.S., Forman, N., Fowler, N.L., Garshelis, D.L., Gould, N., Gunther, K., Haroldson, M.A., Ito, S., Kocka, D.M., Lackey, C., Leahy, R., Lee-Roney, C., Lewis, T., Lutto, A., McGowan, K., Olfenbuttel, C., Orlando, M., Platt, A., Pollard, M.D., Ramaker, M., Reich, H., Sajecki, J.L., Sell, S.K., Strules, J., Thompson, S., van Manen, F.T., Whitman, C., Williamson, R., Winslow, F., Kaelin, C.B., Marks, M.S., and Barsh, G.S., 2023, Genetic architecture and evolution of color variation in American black bears: Current Biology, v. 33, no. 1, p. 86-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.042.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-143084","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445098,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10039708","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":410793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.85157251445827,\n 25.6211792901653\n ],\n [\n -97.58268484778245,\n 23.084984518665763\n ],\n [\n -96.96832358817309,\n 27.11908661835035\n ],\n [\n -91.54341286821204,\n 29.674296848638633\n ],\n [\n -85.61608647951357,\n 30.00825129481538\n ],\n [\n -81.84087040426968,\n 26.400103408668386\n ],\n [\n -80.18411199752484,\n 26.92465845160062\n ],\n [\n -80.56235407106773,\n 31.76638154317395\n ],\n [\n -75.1885029754967,\n 35.619498983946855\n ],\n [\n -73.82570962813662,\n 39.802245647958785\n ],\n [\n -70.32156080785978,\n 42.731285388995474\n ],\n [\n -65.20253876832015,\n 44.75914396894834\n ],\n [\n -66.18489680108061,\n 43.67486445570324\n ],\n [\n -60.3982413153156,\n 45.77618805411478\n ],\n [\n -52.86860077882844,\n 47.48999714077618\n ],\n [\n -58.66729728770852,\n 55.854592629494135\n ],\n [\n -64.12779841707362,\n 60.11371527907423\n ],\n [\n -76.44848050666239,\n 63.10538026810016\n ],\n [\n -109.48842417309726,\n 66.7498526487866\n ],\n [\n -140.75947552586504,\n 67.40329083145704\n ],\n [\n -166.44571907544412,\n 65.70394653058045\n ],\n [\n -168.00858309753102,\n 60.67622546491444\n ],\n [\n -172.21140880784844,\n 60.83339346513449\n ],\n [\n -166.26803084694873,\n 59.54666069030014\n ],\n [\n -161.89508471831965,\n 58.29760083198573\n ],\n [\n -161.84501939855392,\n 56.218992211277936\n ],\n [\n -163.3965990246336,\n 55.42321766496832\n ],\n [\n -157.95494761717828,\n 55.46465046303916\n ],\n [\n -153.04594629078406,\n 57.78263455069717\n ],\n [\n -150.57652857683686,\n 59.37586371371165\n ],\n [\n -142.645601969195,\n 59.779723448669074\n ],\n [\n -133.62317137693802,\n 54.77924777921652\n ],\n [\n -125.14085680739743,\n 47.78704512961323\n ],\n [\n -124.56418312254539,\n 38.52255897996048\n ],\n [\n -119.5903644515603,\n 33.15932270643472\n ],\n [\n -115.27027549361577,\n 32.79226182167089\n ],\n [\n -107.84109362691999,\n 25.284249601824158\n ],\n [\n -107.85157251445827,\n 25.6211792901653\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puckett, E.","contributorId":300214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puckett","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17864,"text":"University of Memphis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, I. 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B.","contributorId":300249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaelin","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":65057,"text":"School of Medicine, Stanford","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Marks, M. S.","contributorId":300250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":64596,"text":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41},{"text":"Barsh, G. S.","contributorId":300251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barsh","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":65054,"text":"HudsonAlpha","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":42}]}} ,{"id":70240631,"text":"70240631 - 2023 - Spatial and temporal distribution of sinuous ridges in southeastern Terra Sabaea and the northern region of Hellas Planitia, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T17:25:37.201183","indexId":"70240631","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-16T07:14:28","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal distribution of sinuous ridges in southeastern Terra Sabaea and the northern region of Hellas Planitia, Mars","docAbstract":"Sinuous ridges are an important yet understudied component of Mars' hydrologic history. We have produced a map of sinuous ridges, valleys and channels, and tectonic ridges across southeastern Terra Sabaea and into northern Hellas Planitia (10°-45° S, 35°-80° E) using a CTX mosaic. Although we mapped different types of ridges and negative relief features, the focus of this paper are the sinuous ridges. We present here a new dataset of sinuous ridges that includes basic morphometry (e.g., length, width, sinuosity), morphology, and the types of terrains they are located on. We chose our region of interest because it includes surface ages spanning Mars' geologic history, with emphasis on Noachian and Hesperian terrains. The shift from either a warm and wet or a cold and icy environment to our modern cold and dry climate occurred towards the end of the Noachian and into the Hesperian, a critical temporal window to characterize fluvial landforms.
Our CTX-based mapping significantly improved the documentation of fluvial landforms within the study region, with over an order of magnitude increase in the number of valley networks and channels, and nearly 1700 sinuous ridges. Sinuous ridges are found in concentrated settings, with the majority (∼80%) located within impact craters and relatively few (∼20%) on the intercrater plains. Fluvial features are prevalent on Early and Middle Noachian-aged terrain but are relatively rare in the Late Noachian, signifying a shift in fluvial activity that likely led to a decrease in channel incision and subsequent inversion of relief. A subset of sinuous ridges—radial ridges in high-elevation, degraded craters— are possible records of ancient proglacial lakes. The youngest sinuous ridges are associated with intracrater alluvial fans in a narrow zone (∼12°S to 30°S and ∼ 62°E to 77°E). These formed in the Late Hesperian into the Amazonian, reflecting a later epoch of punctuated fluvial events driven by pre-existing topography and solar insolation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115399","usgsCitation":"Gullikson, A.L., Anderson, R.B., and Williams, R.M., 2023, Spatial and temporal distribution of sinuous ridges in southeastern Terra Sabaea and the northern region of Hellas Planitia, Mars: Icarus, v. 394, 115399, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115399.","productDescription":"115399, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129949","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445100,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115399","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":412941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Hellas Plantia, Mars, Terra Sabaea","volume":"394","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gullikson, Amber L. 0000-0002-1505-3151","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1505-3151","contributorId":208679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gullikson","given":"Amber","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Ryan B. 0000-0003-4465-2871 rbanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-2871","contributorId":170054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Ryan","email":"rbanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Rebecca M.E.","contributorId":302332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"M.E.","affiliations":[{"id":13179,"text":"Planetary Science Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":864026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70238945,"text":"70238945 - 2023 - Effects of structure and volcanic stratigraphy on groundwater and surface water flow: Hat Creek basin, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T15:02:55.092427","indexId":"70238945","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-16T06:57:41","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of structure and volcanic stratigraphy on groundwater and surface water flow: Hat Creek basin, California, USA","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologic systems in the southern Cascade Range in California (USA) develop in volcanic rocks where morphology, stratigraphy, extensional structures, and attendant basin geometry play a central role in groundwater flow paths, groundwater/surface-water interactions, and spring discharge locations. High-volume springs (greater than 3 m3/s) flow from basin-filling (<800 ka) volcanic rocks in the Hat Creek and Fall River tributaries and contribute approximately half of the average annual flow of the Pit River, the largest tributary to Shasta Lake. A hydrogeologic conceptual framework is constructed for the Hat Creek basin combining new geologic mapping, water-well lithologic logs, a database of active faults, LiDAR mapping of faults and volcanic landforms, streamflow measurements and airborne thermal infrared remote sensing of stream temperature. These data are used to integrate the geologic structure and the volcanic and volcaniclastic stratigraphy to create a three-dimensional interpretation of the hydrogeology in the basin. Two large streamflow gains from focused groundwater discharge near Big Spring and north of Sugarloaf Peak result from geologic barriers that restrict lateral groundwater flow and force water into Hat Creek. The inferred groundwater-flow barriers divide the aquifer system into at least three leaky compartments. The two downstream compartments lose streamflow in the upstream reaches (immediately downstream of the groundwater-flow barriers) and gain in downstream reaches with the greatest inflows immediately upstream of the barriers.
Discoveries made during the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens advanced our understanding of tephra transport and deposition in fundamental ways. The eruption enabled detailed, quantitative observations of downwind cloud movement and particle sedimentation, along with the dynamics of co-pyroclastic-density current (PDC) clouds lofted from ground-hugging currents. The deposit was mapped and sampled over more than 150,000 km2 within days of the event and remains among the most thoroughly documented tephra deposits in the world. Abundant observations were made possible by the large size of the eruption, its occurrence in good weather during daylight hours, cloud movement over a large, populated continent, and the availability of images from recently deployed satellites. These observations underpinned new, quantitative models for the rise and growth of volcanic plumes, the importance of umbrella clouds in dispersing ash, and the roles of particle aggregation and gravitational instabilities in removing ash from the atmosphere. Exceptional detail in the eruption chronology and deposit characterization helped identify the eruptive phases contributing to deposition in different sectors of the distal deposit. The eruption was the first to significantly impact civil aviation, leading to the earliest documented case of in-flight engine damage. Continued eruptive activity in 1980 also motivated pioneering use of meteorological models to forecast ash-cloud movement. In this paper, we consider the most important discoveries and how they changed the science of tephra transport.
Deep-sea coral habitats, comprising mostly Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus 1758), are well developed on the upper and middle continental slope off the southeastern United States (SEUS). These habitats support a diverse and abundant invertebrate fauna, yet ecology and biology of most of these species are poorly known. Ten cruises conducted off the SEUS (Summer–Fall; Cape Lookout, NC–Cape Canaveral, FL) from 2000 to 2005, and in 2009 provided an opportunity to investigate abundance and distribution of Eumunida picta Smith1883, a large-sized species of squat lobster commonly associated with these deep-water coral habitats. Video analysis from 70 manned-submersible dives documented occurrence, density, location on the coral colony, and behavioral observations for 5774 individuals of E. picta. Individuals collected (n = 178) from coral and adjacent habitats (e.g., rubble, soft sediments) were measured and their sex determined. Males and females were comparable in size (to 53.5 mm carapace length) and exhibited a sex ratio of approximately 1:1. Eumunida picta were most frequently observed as solitary individuals on high-profile coral matrix and were noted only infrequently on coral rubble, or rarely on soft substratum. Presence of coral habitat (i.e., live/dead L. pertusa), geographic region within the sampling area, and depth significantly influenced abundances of E. picta. Additionally, coral habitat (dead versus live coral), vertical position on the coral (upper, middle, or lower zone), as well as horizontal position in relation to the coral matrix (outer surface versus embedded in coral matrix) were significant factors influencing E. picta distributions within the coral habitat. More individuals were found on dead versus live coral, and most frequently occurred on the outer surfaces of coral branches located on the upper portion or near the tops of coral colonies. Eumunida picta were most often observed with claws extended into the water column. This unique hunting stance provides this squat lobster the opportunity to capture prey from the water column. An active predator, this species utilizes both pelagic (i.e., fishes, pyrosomes) and benthic (e.g., scavenging and grazing) food resources, and may function as an important trophic link between the water column and the benthos. Although considered a facultative reef associate in the strictest sense of the term, E. picta has a complex and intimate relationship with L. pertusa. Based on observations from dive videos, E. picta is a dominant and ecologically important member of the invertebrate assemblage associated with deep-sea coral habitats off the SEUS. As such, this species figures prominently in the structure and function of this ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103953","usgsCitation":"Nizinski, M.S., McClain Counts, J., and Ross, S.W., 2023, Habitat utilization, demography, and behavioral observations of the squat lobster, Eumunida picta (Crustacea: Anomura: Eumunididae), on western North Atlantic deep-water coral habitats: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 193, 103953, 20 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103953.","productDescription":"103953, 20 p.; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-145573","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445108,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103953","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":411341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414826,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SYJUJN","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"western North Atlantic","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.99026419015127,\n 27.290563814093574\n ],\n [\n -78.14057288217109,\n 27.651357530019922\n ],\n [\n -77.07172444542535,\n 28.699952584012266\n ],\n [\n -75.8341243236539,\n 31.795816338340643\n ],\n [\n -74.35357485494727,\n 34.954423308593064\n ],\n [\n -75.47334960048407,\n 35.3163537710838\n ],\n [\n -76.60498711049124,\n 34.53514585117303\n ],\n [\n -77.30172293596715,\n 34.36027883319805\n ],\n [\n -78.12488963094005,\n 33.66114332984414\n ],\n [\n -78.77918881841038,\n 33.56733248056554\n ],\n [\n -79.5135731063979,\n 32.80599446091246\n ],\n [\n -80.71317149531318,\n 31.971533592235616\n ],\n [\n -81.35895057240324,\n 31.202430930334316\n ],\n [\n -81.22456898983918,\n 29.737874767209576\n ],\n [\n -79.99026419015127,\n 27.290563814093574\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"193","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nizinski, Martha S.","contributorId":174770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nizinski","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":27510,"text":"NMFS National Systematics Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClain Counts, Jennifer 0000-0002-3383-5472","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-5472","contributorId":219233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClain Counts","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, Steve W.","contributorId":72543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":860745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70266501,"text":"70266501 - 2023 - Tracking fish lifetime exposure to mercury using eye lenses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-09T14:40:07.251144","indexId":"70266501","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-14T09:38:16","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking fish lifetime exposure to mercury using eye lenses","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) uptake in fish is affected by diet, growth, and environmental factors such as primary productivity or oxygen regimes. Traditionally, fish Hg exposure is assessed using muscle tissue or whole fish, reflecting both loss and uptake processes that result in Hg bioaccumulation over entire lifetimes. Tracking changes in Hg exposure of an individual fish chronologically throughout its lifetime can provide novel insights into the processes that affect Hg bioaccumulation. Here we use eye lenses to determine Hg uptake at an annual scale for individual fish. We assess the widely distributed benthic round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) from the Baltic Sea, Lake Erie, and the St. Lawrence River. We aged layers of the eye lens using proportional relationships between otolith length at age and eye lens radius for each individual fish. Mercury concentrations were quantified using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The eye lens Hg content revealed that Hg exposure increased with age in Lake Erie and the Baltic Sea but decreased with age in the St. Lawrence River, a trend not detected using muscle tissues. This novel methodology for measuring Hg concentration over time with eye lens chronology holds promise for quantifying how global change processes like increasing hypoxia affect the exposure of fish to Hg.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00755","usgsCitation":"Miraly, H., Razavi, N.R., Vogl, A., Kraus, R., Gorman, A., and Limburg, K., 2023, Tracking fish lifetime exposure to mercury using eye lenses: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 10, no. 3, p. 222-227, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00755.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"227","ipdsId":"IP-146262","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00755","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":485643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miraly, Hadis","contributorId":354772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miraly","given":"Hadis","affiliations":[{"id":33387,"text":"SUNY-ESF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Razavi, N. Roxanna 0000-0003-4077-496X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4077-496X","contributorId":224997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Razavi","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"Roxanna","affiliations":[{"id":12623,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogl, Annabelle","contributorId":354774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vogl","given":"Annabelle","affiliations":[{"id":33387,"text":"SUNY-ESF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraus, Richard 0000-0003-4494-1841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1841","contributorId":216548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":936376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gorman, Ann Marie","contributorId":350334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorman","given":"Ann Marie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":936377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Limburg, Karin 0000-0003-3716-8555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3716-8555","contributorId":225258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Limburg","given":"Karin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70241592,"text":"70241592 - 2023 - A large new crater exposes the limits of water ice on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-16T15:34:22.846494","indexId":"70241592","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-14T08:45:54","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A large new crater exposes the limits of water ice on Mars","docAbstract":"Water ice in the Martian mid-latitudes has advanced and retreated in response to variations in the planet's orbit, obliquity, and climate. A 150 m-diameter new impact crater near 35°N provides the lowest-latitude impact exposure of subsurface ice on Mars. This is the largest known ice-exposing crater and provides key constraints on Martian climate history. This crater indicates a regional, relatively pure ice deposit that is unstable and has nearly vanished. In the past, this deposit may have been tens of meters thick and extended equatorward of 35°N. We infer that it is overlain by pore ice emplaced during temporary stable intervals, due to recent climate variability. The marginal survival of ice here suggests that it is near the edge of shallow ice that regularly exchanges with the atmosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2022GL100747","usgsCitation":"Dundas, C., Mellon, M.T., Posiolova, L.V., Miljkovic, K., Collins, G., Tornabene, L.L., Rangarajan, V.G., Golombek, M.P., Warner, N.H., Daubar, I.J., Byrne, S., McEwen, A.S., Seelos, K.D., Viola, D., Bramson, A.M., and Speth, G., 2023, A large new crater exposes the limits of water ice on Mars: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 50, e2022GL100747, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100747.","productDescription":"e2022GL100747, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-140105","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445110,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl100747","text":"Publisher Index 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Liliya V","contributorId":303374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Posiolova","given":"Liliya","email":"","middleInitial":"V","affiliations":[{"id":36716,"text":"Malin Space Science Systems","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miljkovic, Katarina","contributorId":303375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miljkovic","given":"Katarina","affiliations":[{"id":13639,"text":"Curtin University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collins, Gareth S","contributorId":303376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Gareth S","affiliations":[{"id":24608,"text":"Imperial College London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tornabene, Livio L.","contributorId":203691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tornabene","given":"Livio","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13255,"text":"University of Western Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rangarajan, Vidhya Ganesh","contributorId":303377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rangarajan","given":"Vidhya","email":"","middleInitial":"Ganesh","affiliations":[{"id":13255,"text":"University of Western Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Golombek, Matthew P.","contributorId":175450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golombek","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of 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S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Seelos, Kimberly D.","contributorId":189160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seelos","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Viola, Donna","contributorId":127526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viola","given":"Donna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Bramson, Ali M 0000-0003-4903-0916","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-0916","contributorId":201618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bramson","given":"Ali","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":27205,"text":"U. Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Speth, Gunnar","contributorId":258279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Speth","given":"Gunnar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36716,"text":"Malin Space Science Systems","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70248126,"text":"70248126 - 2023 - Seasonal resource selection and movement ecology of free-ranging horses in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-05T12:26:23.603732","indexId":"70248126","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-14T07:22:41","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal resource selection and movement ecology of free-ranging horses in the western United States","docAbstract":"Understanding factors driving resource selection and habitat use of different species is an important component of management and conservation. Feral horses (Equus caballus) are free ranging across various vegetation types in the western United States, yet few studies have quantified their resource selection and seasonal use. We conducted a study to determine effects of vegetation community, distance to water, and topographic variables on seasonal resource selection in 2 feral horse populations in Great Basin sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems of west-central Utah, USA: Conger Herd Management Area (HMA) and Frisco HMA. We deployed global positioning system (GPS) radio-collars on 38 female horses and GPS-transmitters braided and glued into the tail hair of 14 males, collecting locations every 2 hours for 1–4 years between 2016 and 2020. We calculated home range size and core use area of social groups (harems) and bachelor males using auto-correlated kernel density estimators for each biologically defined season (breeding, fall, and winter) per study year. We examined seasonal home range size and overlap of harem groups and bachelor males and compared movement speed of bachelors and harems among seasons. We determined seasonal resource selection in a use-availability framework using resource selection functions. We hypothesized that horses would select for areas of high herbaceous vegetation, that water would be a key variable in resource selection models like other equids, and home range size in winter would be largest because horses can eat snow for hydration and could therefore roam farther from surface water. Mean annual home range size was 103.12 ± 37.38 km2 (SD) for Conger harems and 117.47 ± 32.75 km2 for Frisco harems. At Conger there was no difference in home range size between harem groups and bachelor males, but home range size was smaller in winter than other seasons, whereas winter home range size at Frisco was larger than other seasons. Bachelor males moved at higher speeds than harems during all seasons, and harem groups from both populations had lower movement speeds in winter. Harem groups had distinct winter ranges with little overlap on breeding season ranges. In both populations, all horses selected for herbaceous vegetation types and avoided forest relative to shrubland throughout the year. Harems at Frisco were consistently located closer to water sources, whereas selection for water sources by Conger harems varied seasonally, with winter having the lowest selection. Harem groups at Conger had an average of 10.6% of their home ranges outside the HMA boundary and Frisco harems had up to 66.8% outside, likely because of the horseshoe shape of Frisco HMA in which shrub meadows (foraging areas) comprise the horseshoe center, which is outside the HMA. Our results highlight the importance of water sources, which were a key predictor of horse movement patterns in our study. We emphasize the utility of telemetry devices to understand resource selection of feral horses at a fine scale, enabling management to be more targeted and facilitate planning.
Excessive sediment runoff as a result of anthropogenic activities is a major concern for watershed ecologic health. This study sought to determine the sources, storage, and delivery of sediment using a sediment budget approach for the predominantly pasture and forested Smith Creek watershed, Virginia United States, a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay. Utilizing a novel combination of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model and an index of connectivity along with field surveys of channels, this study indicated that streambanks and pastures were major sources of sediment. Overestimation of fine-grained sediment flux exported from the watershed according to this study's models (3811 Mg/year) compared to export measured at the outlet (2918 Mg/year) most likely indicates underestimation of storage in the watershed from unaccounted for geomorphic features (ponds, toe slopes, and colluvial slopes). Sediment budget results indicating that streambanks are a major source of sediment in the watershed support previous sediment fingerprinting results and provide a framework for managers to address the sediment problem in Smith Creek and similar tributaries to the Chesapeake Bay.