Jurassic tectonism in the northeastern Great Basin produced varied structures, many closely associated with widespread magmatism at ca. 155–165 Ma and with local metamorphism. Many of the plutons are of suitable mineralogy for Al-in-hornblende barometry, providing the potential for depth data. We have studied conditions of metamorphism in the Pilot Range and barometry for six Jurassic plutons across the northeastern Great Basin. All barometry results are in harmony with pressures estimated from stratigraphic data, requiring little or no tectonic thickening.
On the basis of structural styles and barometric data, we divide the northeastern Great Basin into three Jurassic tectonic provinces. An eastern extensional province, largely in western Utah, is characterized by Paleozoic strata that were thrust faulted and then intruded by shallow plutons shortly after or during normal and strike-slip faulting. Extension was probably a short-lived event associated with magmatism, but its west trend indicates a total reorientation of stress at this time, perhaps within transtensional strike-slip zones.
A central province of modest, and possibly locally extreme, Jurassic shortening in eastern Nevada is characterized by metamorphosed Paleozoic rocks and by thrusts and kilometer-scale southeast-vergent folds. Upper amphibolite facies, but low pressure (3–4 kbar) metamorphism is present near Jurassic plutons in the Pilot Range and Ruby Mountains, probably indicating metamorphism induced by heat from magmas. In contrast, metamorphism in other ranges, which is known only to be pre–Late Cretaceous, indicates thickening of 10–20 km. This thickening may have entirely postdated the Jurassic.
A western province in north-central Nevada is characterized by preserved Jurassic volcanic rocks and shallow plutons, indicating that little erosion, and probably surface uplift, occurred during the late Mesozoic. Folds and thrust faults indicate minor Jurassic shortening but many structures are undated.
The low-pressure upper-crustal conditions for demonstrably Jurassic events suggest that higher-pressure metamorphism recorded in the central province is younger (Cretaceous) in age. We suggest that Jurassic structures were caused by distributed minor crustal shortening, manifested mainly as small-scale thrust faults. Local thermal highs created by plutonism produced metamorphic zones in relatively shallow crust. Shortening in the east was manifested by zones of strike-slip, within which plutons were emplaced in tensile niches. Lack of a deep foreland basin and lack of evidence for massive erosion argue against high-relief mountain belts caused by significant crustal shortening.
Paleozoic rocks metamorphosed at pressures far in excess of stratigraphic burial are restricted to narrow lenses exhumed during Late Cretaceous and Tertiary extension and are bordered by rocks that always have been part of the shallow crust. The abundant shallow-crustal rocks preserved across the region indicate that a conventional hypothesis of large-scale, regional crustal thickening causing many kilometers of surface uplift and consequent erosion is unlikely to have taken place in the Mesozoic.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE299-p267","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., and Hoisch, T.D., 1995, Jurassic tectonics of northeastern Nevada and northwestern Utah from the perspective of barometric studies, chap. of Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 299, p. 267-294, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE299-p267.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"294","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.73127286105404,\n 42.142742776741954\n ],\n [\n -116.73127286105404,\n 39.74944499090975\n ],\n [\n -111.87121894015267,\n 39.74944499090975\n ],\n [\n -111.87121894015267,\n 42.142742776741954\n ],\n [\n -116.73127286105404,\n 42.142742776741954\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"299","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Busby, Cathy","contributorId":113649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busby","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875650,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoisch, Thomas D.","contributorId":61337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoisch","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70094635,"text":"70094635 - 1995 - Preliminary development of the LBL/USGS three-dimensional site-scale model of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-21T09:47:11","indexId":"70094635","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T09:32:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"seriesNumber":"LBL-37356/UC-814","title":"Preliminary development of the LBL/USGS three-dimensional site-scale model of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional model of moisture flow within the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain is being developed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This site-scale model covers and area of about 34 km2 and is bounded by major faults to the north, east and west. The model geometry is defined (1) to represent the variations of hydrogeological units between the ground surface and the water table; (2) to be able to reproduce the effect of abrupt changes in hydrogeological parameters at the boundaries between hyrdogeological units; and (3) to include the influence of major faults. A detailed numerical grid has been developed based on the locations of boreholes, different infiltration zones, hydrogeological units and their outcrops, major faults, and water level data. Contour maps and isopatch maps are presented defining different types of infiltration zones, and the spatial distribution of Tiva Canyon, Paintbrush, and Topopah Spring hydrogeological units. The grid geometry consists of seventeen non-uniform layers which represent the lithological variations within the four main welded and non-welded hydrogeological units. Matrix flow is approximated using the van Genuchten model, and the equivalent continuum approximation is used to account for fracture flow in the welded units. The fault zones are explicitly modeled as porous medium using various assumptions regarding their permeabilities and characteristic curves. One-, two-, and three-dimensional simulations are conducted using the TOUGH2 computer program. Steady-state simulations are performed with various uniform and non-uniform infiltration rates. The results are interpreted in terms of the effect of fault characteristics on the moisture flow distribution, and on location and formation of preferential pathways.","language":"English","publisher":"Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","collaboration":"This work was prepared under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098, and DE-A108-78ET44802 administered by the Nevada Operations Office in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver.","usgsCitation":"Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1995, Preliminary development of the LBL/USGS three-dimensional site-scale model of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, xi, 69 p.","productDescription":"xi, 69 p.","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,36.75 ], [ -116.75,37.0 ], [ -116.25,37.0 ], [ -116.25,36.75 ], [ -116.75,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6cb6e4b0b29085104b76"} ,{"id":70245135,"text":"70245135 - 1995 - Timing of emplacement of the Haypress Creek and Emigrant Gap plutons: Implications for the timing and controls of Jurassic orogenesis, northern Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-16T14:54:04.444072","indexId":"70245135","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T09:24:30","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Timing of emplacement of the Haypress Creek and Emigrant Gap plutons: Implications for the timing and controls of Jurassic orogenesis, northern Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Pre-Cretaceous rocks in the northern Sierra Nevada are subdivided from west to east into the Smartville, central, Feather River peridotite, and eastern belts. Cretaceous and younger sedimentary rocks form the western boundary of the Smartville belt, but various reverse-fault segments of the Foothills fault system separate the other belts. The Foothills fault system and associated structures involve rocks as young as Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) and are truncated by Early Cretaceous plutons. This relationship is often cited as evidence for the Nevadan orogeny which is commonly viewed as a temporally restricted event involving deformation and metamorphism during the Late Jurassic. Recent work, however, suggests that some of the Mesozoic structural fabric in the northern Sierra Nevada may not have been produced during the Late Jurassic, but instead may have formed between Early and Middle Jurassic time. Thus, distinguishing Nevadan-age deformation from older Mesozoic deformation is now one of the more important problems facing geologists working in the northern Sierra Nevada.
The Haypress Creek pluton crops out in the eastern belt and historically has been cited as a post-Nevadan pluton. It intrudes the Early to Middle Jurassic Sailor Canyon Formation that, together with the overlying Middle Jurassic Tuttle Lake Formation, contains a domainally developed, locally penetrative, northwest-striking cleavage (S2). S2 can be traced into the contact metamorphic aureole of the Emigrant Gap composite pluton, where structural and microtextural evidence indicates that it predates pluton intrusion.
New U-Pb zircon data for the Haypress Creek pluton suggest an age of 166 ± 3 Ma and previously published U-Pb zircon data for the oldest phase of the Emigrant Gap composite pluton suggest an age of 168 ± 2 Ma. The fossiliferous Sailor Canyon Formation ranges in age from Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) in its lower parts to Middle Jurassic (Bathonian or Bajocian) in its upper parts. The overlying Tuttle Lake Formation contains S2, which formed prior to emplacement of the Emigrant Gap and Haypress Creek plutons at ca. 168–166 Ma. This relationship suggests that the Tuttle Lake Formation must have been deposited and deformed entirely within the Middle Jurassic. Thus, S2 and associated structures within the eastern belt formed prior to Late Jurassic Nevadan deformation associated with the Foothills fault system.
There are two end-member models used to explain the plate tectonic evolution of pre-Cretaceous rocks in the northern Sierra Nevada. These are referred to as the arc-continent collision and single, wide-arc models. Data discussed herein do not preclude either of these models for Early to Middle Jurassic time. However, regardless of which of these models is favored, both scenarios place the approximately 168 Ma and younger Jurassic volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Smartville, central, and eastern belts in a distinctly intra-arc setting and further imply that the Foothills fault system and related Late Jurassic structures are also of intra-arc character. We conclude that there is no evidence along 39°30′N latitude for arc-continent collision during the Nevadan orogeny.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE299-p191","usgsCitation":"Girty, G.H., Hanson, R.E., Girty, M.S., Schweickert, R.A., Harwood, D.S., Yoshinobu, A.S., Bryan, K.A., Skinner, J.E., and Hill, C.A., 1995, Timing of emplacement of the Haypress Creek and Emigrant Gap plutons: Implications for the timing and controls of Jurassic orogenesis, northern Sierra Nevada, California, chap. of Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 299, p. 191-201, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE299-p191.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"201","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.64990912748183,\n 39.83746765119142\n ],\n [\n -121.64990912748183,\n 39.17253338323965\n ],\n [\n -120.1935947591659,\n 39.17253338323965\n ],\n [\n -120.1935947591659,\n 39.83746765119142\n ],\n [\n -121.64990912748183,\n 39.83746765119142\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"299","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875646,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busby, Cathy","contributorId":113649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busby","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875647,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Girty, Gary H.","contributorId":99731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girty","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, Richard E.","contributorId":72559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Girty, Melissa S.","contributorId":41179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girty","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schweickert, Richard A.","contributorId":60107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweickert","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harwood, David S.","contributorId":48153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yoshinobu, Aaron S.","contributorId":310424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoshinobu","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bryan, Kevin A.","contributorId":310425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryan","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Skinner, June E.","contributorId":310426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skinner","given":"June","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hill, Chris A.","contributorId":310427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":85339,"text":"85339 - 1995 - Migratory bird population changes in North Dakota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85339,"text":"85339 - 1995 - Migratory bird population changes in North Dakota","indexId":"85339","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Migratory bird population changes in North Dakota"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T11:30:03","indexId":"85339","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Migratory bird population changes in North Dakota","docAbstract":"The status of migratory bird populations in North America has received increased attention in recent years. Much of this consideration has been on Neotropical migrants, especially those associated with eastern forests. The status of migratory bird populations in the Great Plains has received far less attention. During the past quarter-century, populations of many species of birds that breed in the northern Great Plains have increased or declined, as indicated by trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey.
In 1967 Stewart and Kantrud (1972) conducted a survey of breeding bird populations throughout North Dakota. This study offered a rare glimpse of bird populations breeding in the northern Great Plains as well as important baseline data on breeding bird populations. These data help us evaluate relationships between birds and habitat conditions. We repeated the survey to compare bird populations in North Dakota during 1967 with those in 1992 and 1993.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Igl, L.D., and Johnson, D.H., 1995, Migratory bird population changes in North Dakota, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 298-300.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"300","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339916,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6355a0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504422,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504425,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504423,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504424,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504421,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":87317,"text":"87317 - 1995 - Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":87317,"text":"87317 - 1995 - Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog","indexId":"87317","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T14:53:46","indexId":"87317","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog","docAbstract":"In the spring of 1983 the last known Tarahumara frog in the United States was found dead. Overall, the species seems to be doing well in Mexico, although the decline of more northern populations are of concern. The Tarahumara frog (Rana tarahumarae) inhabits seasonal and permanent bedrock and bouldery streams in the foothills and main mountain mass of the Sierra Madre Occidental of northwestern Mexico. It ranges from northern Sinaloa, through western Chihuahua and eastern and northern Sonora, and until recently into extreme south-central Arizona (Fig. 1). Arizona localities, all in Santa Cruz County, include three drainages in the Atascosa-Pajarito Mountains (Campbell 1931; Little 1940; Williams 1960) and three in the Santa Rita Mountains (Hale et al. 1977).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Hale, S., Schwalbe, C., Jarchow, J., May, C., Lowe, C., and Johnson, T., 1995, Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 138-140.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265981,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ab2b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504966,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504969,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504967,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504968,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504965,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Hale, S.F.","contributorId":21104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarchow, J.L.","contributorId":95417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarchow","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, C.","contributorId":34854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, C.H.","contributorId":60567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, T.B.","contributorId":21490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":85746,"text":"85746 - 1995 - Reptiles and amphibians in the endangered longleaf pine ecosystem","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85746,"text":"85746 - 1995 - Reptiles and amphibians in the endangered longleaf pine ecosystem","indexId":"85746","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Reptiles and amphibians in the endangered longleaf pine ecosystem"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T16:08:48","indexId":"85746","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Reptiles and amphibians in the endangered longleaf pine ecosystem","docAbstract":"The Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States contains a rich diversity of reptiles and amphibians (herpetofauna). Of the 290 species native to the Southeast, 170 (74 amphibians, 96 reptiles) are found within the range of the remnant longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem (Fig. 1). Many of these species are not found elsewhere, particularly those amphibians that require temporary ponds for reproduction. Many Coastal Plain species are listed federally or by states as endangered or threatened or are candidates for listing (Fig. 1). Examples include the flatwoods salamander (Ambystoma cingulatum), striped newt (Notophthalmus perstriatus), Carolina and dusky gopher frogs (Rana capito capito and R.c. sevosa), eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon corais couperi), gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus), eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus), and Florida pine snake (Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C.K., 1995, Reptiles and amphibians in the endangered longleaf pine ecosystem, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 129-131.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339896,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c9e2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504731,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504734,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504732,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504733,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504730,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C. Kenneth Jr.","contributorId":89215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018925,"text":"70018925 - 1995 - Sediment resuspension mechanisms in Old Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T15:12:47.938555","indexId":"70018925","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment resuspension mechanisms in Old Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"The mechanisms that resuspend bottom sediments in Old Tampa Bay, a shallow, microtidal, subtropical estuary in west-central Florida, were determined by analysing data collected during several periods from 1988 to 1990. Hydrodynamic and suspended-solids concentration data were collected at a relatively deep (4 m) site where a permanent platform was built and at a relatively shallow (1·5 m) site where a submersible instrument package was deployed. Bottom sediments were non-cohesive silts and fine sands. The primary sediment resuspension mechanism at both sites was wind waves, which were generated by strong and sustained winds associated with winter storms and tropical storms. At the platform, waves were depth-transitional, and estimated bottom shear stresses were most sensitive to wave period and water depth. Concentrations of suspended solids at this site corresponded well with wave motion, and non-linear wave-current interaction was small. At the shallow-water site, concentrations of suspended solids were elevated during periods of strong north-easterly winds and large bottom orbital velocities. At both sites, wind direction was an important factor in determining the occurrence and magnitude of sediment resuspension. Resuspended sediments settled within several hours as storm intensity diminished. Winds and waves generated by thunderstorms were more transient than those generated by winter storms and tropical storms. Based on the data collected during this study, thunderstorms are less likely to resuspend bottom sediment than winter storms and tropical storms. Maximum tidal currents at the study sites are usually less than 15 cm s−1and did not increase observed concentrations of suspended solids.
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H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019001,"text":"70019001 - 1995 - Episode 49 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano-breakdown of a steady-state eruptive era","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T11:21:17","indexId":"70019001","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episode 49 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano-breakdown of a steady-state eruptive era","docAbstract":"The Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption (1983-present) is the longest lived rift eruption of either Kilauea or neighboring Mauna Loa in recorded history. The initial fissure opening in January 1983 was followed by three years of episodic fire fountaining at the Pu'u 'O'o vent on Kilauea's east rift zone ∼19km from the summit (episodes 4–47). These spectacular events gave way in July 1986 to five and a half years of near-continuous, low-level effusion from the Kupaianaha vent, ∼ 3km to the cast (episode 48). A 49th episode began in November 1991 with the opening of a new fissure between Pu'u 'O'o and Kupaianaha. This three week long outburst heralded an era of more erratic eruptive behavior characterized by the shut down of Kupaianaha in February 1992 and subsequent intermittent eruption from vents on the west flank of Pu'u 'O'o (episodes 50 and 51). The events occurring over this period are due to progressive shrinkage of the rift-zone reservoir beneath the eruption site, and had limited impact on eruption temperatures and lava composition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00301403","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M.T., Heliker, C., Mattox, T.N., Kauahikaua, J.P., and Helz, R., 1995, Episode 49 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano-breakdown of a steady-state eruptive era: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 127-135, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301403.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"135","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.49224853515625,\n 19.160735484156255\n ],\n [\n -154.742431640625,\n 19.160735484156255\n ],\n [\n -154.742431640625,\n 19.56755420165624\n ],\n [\n -155.49224853515625,\n 19.56755420165624\n ],\n [\n -155.49224853515625,\n 19.160735484156255\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a0be4b0c8380cd52182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, M. T.","contributorId":10438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heliker, C. C.","contributorId":70753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattox, T. N.","contributorId":55450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattox","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019086,"text":"70019086 - 1995 - Giant blocks in the South Kona landslide, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-21T22:37:00.78565","indexId":"70019086","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Giant blocks in the South Kona landslide, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A large field of blocky sea-floor hills, up to 10 km long and 500 m high, are gigantic slide blocks derived from the west flank of Mauna Loa volcano on the island of Hawaii. These megablocks are embedded in the toe of the South Kona landslide, which extends ∼80 km seaward from the present coastline to depths of nearly 5 km. A 10–15-km-wide belt of numerous, smaller, 1–3-km-long slide blocks separates the area of giant blocks from two submarine benches at depths of 2600 and 3700 m depth that terminate seaward 20 to 30 km from the shoreline. Similar giant blocks are found on several other major submarine Hawaiian landslides, including those north of Oahu and Molokai, but the South Kona blocks are the first to be examined in detail using high-resolution bathymetry, dredging, and submersible diving. Dredging of two of the giant blocks brought up pillowed tholeiitic lava. Observations from the U.S. Navy submersible Sea Cliff on the asymmetrically steep eastern flank of one block 10 km long and 300 m high revealed a succession of fractured massive basalt, laminar lava flows, hyaloclastite, and pillow lavas. Chemical analyses of dredged lava identified 19 units that overlap compositionally with lavas from the south rift-zone ridge of Mauna Loa. Sulfur content indicates that most of the lavas were erupted in subaerial and shallow submarine (<200 m depth) sites, but some were erupted in deeper submarine sites. These results indicate that the megablocks were carried by a late Pleistocene giant landslide 40–80 km west from the ancestral shoreline of Mauna Loa volcano before growth of the midslope benches by later slump movement.
Numerous reduced stress tensors are computed by multiple inversions of 906 temporally and spatially partitioned fault-slip data from the Yucca Flat region in the southwest Nevada volcanic field to constrain the Neogene paleostress and faulting history and to investigate how the regional tectonic stress field was affected by local caldera magmatism. Perturbed, shallow (<400 m), pre-11 Ma paleostress configurations, determined west and northwest of present (post-11 Ma) Yucca Flat basin, existed during mild extensional faulting and are attributed to superposition of transient caldera-magmatic stresses on the regional stress field. Northwest of Yucca Flat a progressive shift in least principal stress (σ3) directions near known calderas located 5–15 km to the west occurred under a normal-slip stress state during caldera development between about 15 and 13 Ma. A brief (∼0.5 m.y.) change to a strike-slip stress state occurred at about 13 Ma and was accompanied by small-offset, quasi-conjugate strike-slip faulting. This stress state was most distinct, relative to a normal-slip state, near calderas where stress solutions and fault relations indicate closer affinities to a reverse-slip state. Inferred 11.6–11.45 Ma paleostress tensors indicate radial tension associated with either initial caldera collapse or local post-collapse topographic modification of the stress field. Post-11 Ma normal-slip stress tensors are associated with normal- and oblique-slip faults that accommodated subsidence and eastward extension of Yucca Flat basin away from the caldera complexes. These tensors do not indicate stress modifications due to residual caldera-related effects and thus were used to infer post-11 Ma regional stress changes. The stress field has rotated as much as 65° clockwise since 11 Ma during extensional development of Yucca Flat basin, with most of the rotation and extension occurring before about 8.5 Ma. Results suggest that shallow magmatism and caldera development can strongly alter extensional tectonic stress fields, fault patterns, and slip directions in the uppermost crust out to distances of roughly two magma chamber radii away from a magma body.
Holocene reactivation of the aseismic Meers fault in southwestern Oklahoma illustrates the limitation of using the historical seismic record for identifying hazardous faults in the central United States. The 26- to 37-km-long fault scarp is one of the few known scamps recording Holocene movement in the central and eastern United States. Two documented late Holocene slip events, each with about 2.5 m of net slip and estimated Ms ranging from 6¾ to 7¼, identify the Meers fault as a potentially hazardous fault.
During Carboniferous and Early Permian tectonism, the Meers fault displaced rocks of sharply contrasting magnetic properties. Analysis of aeromagnetic data and twelve ground-magnetic profiles provides a detailed look at the fault within the magnetic basement. Because subsequent reactivation has been minor and of an opposite sense, the pronounced magnetic anomaly associated with the Meers fault reflects Paleozoic structures in the magnetic basement. The location of the Holocene fault scarp corresponds to the strong horizontal magnetic gradient caused by Paleozoic offset of magnetic basement, indicating that the Paleozoic fault controlled Holocene displacement. Two features apparent in both sets of magnetic data are splays of the Meers fault northwest of the Holocene scarp and dikelike bodies immediately south of the fault.
Magnetic susceptibility measurements and rock magnetic data from unoriented core penetrating a dikelike body were incorporated into models of the ground-magnetic profiles. In most cases, secondary faults mapped or visible on low-sun-angle photographs correspond to faults modeled from magnetic data. This correlation shows that preexisting structures probably controlled secondary faulting. However, secondary faults at the southeastern end of the 26-km long continuous fault scarp, previously interpreted from low-sun-angle photography, are not apparent in the magnetic data.
Of importance to seismic hazard evaluation, the magnetic models show that the northwestern splays probably begin at the northwestern end of the reactivated segment and may indicate a persistent rupture propagation barrier to the west. In addition, the models show the dip of the Meers fault to be nearly vertical to about 0.5 km depth. This dip is consistent with the nearly straight fault trace, results of trenching studies, interpretation of shallow seismicreflection data, and regional gravity and aeromagnetic models. In the present-day strike-slip regional stress field, the observed up-to-the-north Holocene displacement suggests that either the fault continues to dip steeply at depth or the regional stress field is approaching a normal-faulting stress regime. If the former is true, the scarcity of near-vertical faults with similar orientation within the area of the southern Oklahoma aulacogen implies that few are likely candidates for reactivation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0098:SCOHRO>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Jones-Cecil, M., 1995, Structural controls of Holocene reactivation of the Meers fault, southwestern Oklahoma, from magnetic studies: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, no. 1, p. 98-112, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0098:SCOHRO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bdae4b08c986b31d11a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones-Cecil, M.","contributorId":33471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones-Cecil","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018829,"text":"70018829 - 1995 - Geologic and societal factors affecting the international oceanic transport of aggregate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018829","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic and societal factors affecting the international oceanic transport of aggregate","docAbstract":"Crushed stone and sand and gravel are the two main sources of natural aggregate, and together comprise approximately half the volume and tonnage of mined material in the United States. Natural aggregate is a bulky, heavy material without special or unique properties, and it is commonly used near its source of production to minimize haulage cost. However, remoteness is no longer an absolute disqualifier for the production of aggregate. Today interstate aggregate routinely is shipped hundreds of kilometers by rail and barge. In addition, during 1992, the United States imported 1,317,000 metric tons of aggregate from Canada and 1,531,000 metric tons from Mexico. A number of ports on the Atlantic Coast and Gulf Coast of the United States receive imports of crushed stone from foreign sources for transport to various parts of the eastern United States. These areas either lack adequate supplies of aggregate or are augmenting their supplies because they have difficulties meeting current demand. These difficulties may include poor stone quality, environmental permitting problems, or transportation. Certain societal and geologic conditions of New York City and Philadelphia along the Atlantic Coast, and Tampa and New Orleans along the Gulf Coast, are discussed to demonstrate the different combinations of issues that contribute to the economic viability of importing crushed stone. ?? 1995 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02263378","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 1995, Geologic and societal factors affecting the international oceanic transport of aggregate: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 4, no. 4, p. 303-309, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02263378.","startPage":"303","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205759,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263378"},{"id":226612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a190de4b0c8380cd55890","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018817,"text":"70018817 - 1995 - Relations between atmospheric circulation and mass balance of South Cascade Glacier, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T16:56:28","indexId":"70018817","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations between atmospheric circulation and mass balance of South Cascade Glacier, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"The yearly net mass balance of South Cascade Glacier, Washington, has decreased since the mid-1970s. Results show that the decrease is primarily caused by a significant decrease in the winter mass balance. The decrease in winter mass balance is caused, in part, by changes in winter mean atmospheric circulation that began during the mid-1970s. Approximately 60% of the variability in winter mass balance can be explained by variations in winter mean 700-mb heights over western Canada. Since the mid-1970s, there has been an increase in winter mean 700-mb heights over western Canada and the northern western contiguous United States and a decrease in winter mean 700-mb heights in the eastern North Pacific Ocean centered near the Aleutian Islands. These changes in atmospheric circulation indicate a decrease in the movement of storms and moisture from the Pacific Ocean into the western contiguous United States. In addition, the increase in winter mean 700-mb heights over western Canada and the northern western contiguous United States indicates an increase in subsidence, which results in a warming and drying of the air that further reduces precipitation and also increases the ratio of rain to snow during the cold season. These factors contribute to below-average winter mass balances.
","language":"English","publisher":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","doi":"10.2307/1551953","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., and Fountain, A.G., 1995, Relations between atmospheric circulation and mass balance of South Cascade Glacier, Washington, USA: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 27, no. 3, p. 226-233, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551953.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"226","endPage":"233","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a6eee4b0e8fec6cdc2f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fountain, A. G.","contributorId":29815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018745,"text":"70018745 - 1995 - Basement and cover-rock deformation during Laramide contraction in the northern Madison Range (Montana) and its influence on Cenozoic basin formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T17:10:20.209986","indexId":"70018745","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basement and cover-rock deformation during Laramide contraction in the northern Madison Range (Montana) and its influence on Cenozoic basin formation","docAbstract":"Two major Laramide fault systems converge in the northwestern Madison Range: the northwest-striking, southwest-vergent Spanish Peaks reverse fault and the north-striking, east-vergent Hilgard thrust system. Analysis of foliation attitudes in basement gneiss north and south of the Spanish Peaks fault indicates that the basement in thrusted blocks of the Hilgard thrust system has been rotated by an amount similar to that of the basement-cover contact. Steeply dipping, north-striking breccia zones enclosing domains of relatively undeformed basement may have permitted domino-style rotation of basement blocks during simple shear between pairs of thrusts.
In most places along the Hilgard thrust system, a large basement overhang, produced by thrusting of Archean blocks above rocks as young as Late Cretaceous, overlies a tight footwall syncline. This tight folding is largely concentric and was accommodated by flexural slip, resulting in severe crowding in synclinal hinges that resulted in observed or inferred features such as bedding-plane slip, imbricate and out-of-syncline thrusting, and hinge collapse.
The north-striking Madison normal fault system, a zone of Tertiary and Quaternary valley-forming normal faults, is approximately parallel to the Hilgard thrust system. In some places, normal faults are reactivated thrusts on which large basement overhangs of the Hilgard thrust system were dropped back into the Madison Valley and covered by Tertiary basin-fill deposits, leaving only the rocks of the footwall synclines exposed. In other places, both the thrusted Archean blocks and the near-isoclinal footwall synclines are well preserved.
This paired fault system (the Madison normal fault system and the Hilgard thrust system) of the northern Madison Range is strikingly similar to other paired systems in southwestern Montana along and adjacent to the western margins of the Ruby Range, Snowcrest Range, Greenhorn Range, Tobacco Root Mountains, and Bridger Range. Such systems may be the result of collapse of the crestal zones of large Laramide basement uplifts (arches) during Tertiary extension.
No hydrocarbon discoveries have been made in this unique structural province. However, petroleum exploration here has focused on basement-cored anticlines, both surface and subthrust, related to the two major Laramide fault systems and on the fault-bounded blocks of Tertiary rocks within the post-Laramide extensional basins. The interplay of the two Laramide fault systems during both Laramide shortening and Tertiary extension has produced a variety of possible structural traps in the Madison Range that have not yet been thoroughly investigated.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/8D2B21F5-171E-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K., Schmidt, C.J., and Young, S.W., 1995, Basement and cover-rock deformation during Laramide contraction in the northern Madison Range (Montana) and its influence on Cenozoic basin formation: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 79, no. 8, p. 1117-1137, https://doi.org/10.1306/8D2B21F5-171E-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1117","endPage":"1137","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227582,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Madison Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.96298275085888,\n 45.93551953311629\n ],\n [\n -113.14612178278776,\n 45.93551953311629\n ],\n [\n -113.14612178278776,\n 44.48642248439407\n ],\n [\n -110.96298275085888,\n 44.48642248439407\n ],\n [\n -110.96298275085888,\n 45.93551953311629\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efdee4b0c8380cd4a4c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, C. J.","contributorId":45066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, S. W.","contributorId":19722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018865,"text":"70018865 - 1995 - Geologic framework of a transect of the central Brooks Range: Regional relations and an alternative to the Endicott Mountains allochthon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T17:13:53.976037","indexId":"70018865","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic framework of a transect of the central Brooks Range: Regional relations and an alternative to the Endicott Mountains allochthon","docAbstract":"This paper evaluates the geologic framework and tectonic development of the central Brooks Range based on a transect through the range and Arctic foothills. A geologic cross section constructed through the transect is confirmed by comparing the retrodeformed section with the regional distribution of lithofacies in the central Brooks Range. Stratigraphic relations in the retrodeformed section are further explained by comparing them to similar stratigraphic relations in the Ikpikpuk-Umiat basin under the Arctic coastal plain.
The structural framework of the central Brooks Range and Arctic foothills consists of fold nappes, thrust faults, and detached folds that sole in decollements and late-stage high-angle faults. In the central Brooks Range, shortening is by north-directed thrust faulting and folding of mostly Paleozoic rocks, and transport of any individual thrust sheet relative to underlying rocks is less than 30 km. In the middle of the range, imbricate blocks of lower Paleozoic basement are exposed in the core of the Doonerak anticline, and thrust sheets of stratigraphically higher Paleozoic rocks that overlie basement are exposed in the limbs of the anticline. In the northeast part of the anticline, the Amawk thrust emplaces Silurian and Upper Devonian rocks on a succession of Lower Mississippian an stratigraphically higher rocks that have been detached from the underlying basement along the Blarney Creek thrust. The Slatepile fault system, a system of high-angle faults in the north limb of the Doonerak anticline, drops the core and part of the north limb of the anticline down, giving the impression that the succession of Lower Mississippian and stratigraphically higher rocks that lie on basement south of the system high-angle faults extends under the Upper Devonian rocks that extensively crop out north of the high-angle faults. In the Arctic foothills, the mostly Paleozoic rocks of the north-central Brooks Range extend under Lower Cretaceous rocks of the North Slope foreland basin, and blind thrusts that sole in the Paleozoic rocks ramp up into the Lower Cretaceous and stratigraph cally higher rocks. Also in the Arctic foothills, a thrust sheet that contains the Arctic foothills assemblage overlies rocks of the north-central Brooks Range and Lower Cretaceous rocks of the North Slope foreland basin. Thrust transport of the Arctic foothills assemblage more than 40 km from south of the Doonerak anticline took place during the Early Cretaceous, but thrusting that deformed rocks of the North Slope foreland basin took place during the early Tertiary, with the vertical uplift of the Doonerak anticline being a late-formed feature.
Conclusions based on the retrodeformed cross section contrast significantly with previous work in which the Upper Devonian and stratigraphically higher rocks north of the Doonerak anticline are considered part of the Endicott Mountains allochthon, a regional allochthon that extends the breadth of the Brooks Range. In these models, Upper Devonian and younger rocks in the north-central Brooks Range have been thrust-transported 90 or 200 km from south of the Doonerak anticline, and emplacement of the allochthon could reflect as much as 885 km of tectonic shortening. The Lower Mississippian and stratigraphically higher rocks together with the underlying basement in the
northeast part of the anticline are considered to be in a window in the Endicott Mountains allochthon and to extend northward beneath allochthonous Upper Devonian and stratigraphically higher rocks in the north-central Brooks Range.
Lithofacies patterns in rocks in the central Brooks Range are consistent with the retrodeformed cross section and imply plausible Upper Devonian and Carboniferous depositional systems. Thick Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian(?) clastic prisms were deposited in basins north of the Doonerak anticline. Mississippian carbonate rocks that overlie these clastic prisms were deposited in differentially subsiding shelf environments that included rocks in the Doonerak anticline. Restored across the Blarney Creek thrust, the Mississippian shelf carbonate rocks that presently lie north of the Doonerak anticline are those that were deposited on basement in the anticline. A carbonate ramp at the south edge of these shelf deposits extends east-southeast across the central Brooks Range and in th retrodeformed section lies south of the Doonerak anticline where Upper and Middle(?) Devonian shaly rocks thicken to the south. Unrestored, the ramp would extend across the Doonerak anticline.
Restored Late Devonian and Carboniferous lithofacies patterns in the central Brooks Range also are plausible from a regional perspective and have implications for exploration of basins under the Arctic coastal plain. The Late Devonian to Early Mississippian(?) basins in the north-central Brooks Range are part of a system of Early(?) Devonian to Early Mississippian(?) clastic basins that extend the length of the Brooks Range and include basins under the Arctic coastal plain. These basins are a template for depositional patterns in overlying rocks. Marine shelves between these basins where Mississippian strata unconformably lie on basement, such as in the northeastern Brooks Range and the Doonerak anticline, have depositional histories that are in contrast to areas that overlie the basi s. The resulting stratigraphic framework, together with the structural framework in the basement rocks that controlled the basins, has had a profound effect on the structural style of the fold belt, the salient effect being folds and thrust faults that are not orthogonal to the direction of structural transport. Stratigraphic relations exposed in the fold belt, especially the distribution of potential source rocks, likely model little-explored basins that underlie the North Slope foreland basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/8D2B21EB-171E-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Kelley, J., and Brosge, W., 1995, Geologic framework of a transect of the central Brooks Range: Regional relations and an alternative to the Endicott Mountains allochthon: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 79, no. 8, p. 1087-1115, https://doi.org/10.1306/8D2B21EB-171E-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1087","endPage":"1115","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226349,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"central Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.48710859287527,\n 68.47681583657115\n ],\n [\n -154.48710859287527,\n 66.91601910999003\n ],\n [\n -148.70597701501478,\n 66.91601910999003\n ],\n [\n -148.70597701501478,\n 68.47681583657115\n ],\n [\n -154.48710859287527,\n 68.47681583657115\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a196ae4b0c8380cd559a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, John S.","contributorId":23560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"John S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brosge, W. P.","contributorId":58248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosge","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018870,"text":"70018870 - 1995 - Relations between winter atmospheric circulation and annual streamflow in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-08T16:12:54.260878","indexId":"70018870","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1249,"text":"Climate Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations between winter atmospheric circulation and annual streamflow in the western United States","docAbstract":"Winter mean 700 millibar (700 mb) height anomalies, representing the average atmospheric circulation during the snow season, were compared with annual streamflow measured at 140 stream gauges in the western United States. Correlation analysis was used to identify relations between winter mean atmospheric circulation and annual streamflow, and to quantify the degree to which the temporal variability in annual streamflow can be attributed to variations in winter mean atmospheric circulation. Results indicate that winter mean 700 mb height anomalies account for a statistically significant portion of the temporal variability in annual streamflow in the western United States. In general, above-average annual streamflow is associated with negative winter mean 700 mb height anomalies over the eastern North Pacific Ocean and/or the western United States. These anomalies are indicative of anomalous cyclonic circulation which is associated with an anomalous flow of moist air from the eastern North Pacific Ocean into the western United States that increases winter precipitation and snowpack accumulations, and subsequently streamflow. Below-average annual streamflow is associated with positive 700 mb height anomalies over the eastern North Pacific Ocean and/or the western United States. These positive anomalies indicate anomalous anticyclonic circulation which prevents the intrusion of moist air from the eastern North Pacific Ocean into the western United States, increases subsidence, decreases winter precipitation, and results in decreased streamflow. Results also indicate that long-term trends in annual streamflow are related to long-term trends in winter mean 700 mb height anomalies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/cr005139","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., 1995, Relations between winter atmospheric circulation and annual streamflow in the western United States: Climate Research, v. 5, no. 2, p. 139-148, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr005139.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479243,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr005139","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.86697952785629,\n 49.734462939159926\n ],\n [\n -123.78548509076228,\n 49.734462939159926\n ],\n [\n -123.78548509076228,\n 32.67374352182759\n ],\n [\n -101.86697952785629,\n 32.67374352182759\n ],\n [\n -101.86697952785629,\n 49.734462939159926\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a707e4b0e8fec6cdc34b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018877,"text":"70018877 - 1995 - Tectonic setting of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Constraints from low-altitude aeromagnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:38:45.307716","indexId":"70018877","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic setting of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Constraints from low-altitude aeromagnetic data","docAbstract":"Seismic activity in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area may be associated with various mapped faults that locally offset volcanic basement of Eocene age and younger. This volcanic basement is concealed in most places by young deposits, vegetation, and urban development. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an aeromagnetic survey in September 1992 to investigate the extent of these mapped faults and possibly to help identify other seismic and volcanic hazards in the area. The survey was flown approximately 240 m above terrain, along flight lines spaced 460 m apart, and over an area about 50 × 50 km. These magnetic data indicate a pronounced northwest-striking magnetic lineation east of the Willamette River in downtown Portland associated with a fault concealed beneath Quaternary sedimentary deposits and previously inferred from shallow well data. The magnetic lineation confirms the existence of the fault and suggests that it has had a prolonged history: (1) Although well data indicate <200 m of vertical offset of underlying volcanic basement, models based on the aeromagnetic data from downtown Portland suggest reverse faulting with up to 1 km of offset deeper in the section. (2) The magnetic lineation associated with this fault extends southeast to the Clackamas River drainage, a distance of 50 km and considerably beyond the mapped extent of the fault. A northwest-striking magnetic anomaly located southwest of the Tualatin Mountains corresponds closely with another mapped fault and with mixed reverse and strike-slip faulting during a seismic swarm (M ≤ 3) in 1991. We believe these and other anomalies in the aeromagnetic data reflect the Portland Hills fault zone, believed to be the southwestern boundary of a structural basin now occupied by Portland and Vancouver. The postulated northeastern boundary of the basin, the Frontal fault zone, is also evident, although less well represented in the aeromagnetic data. Aeromagnetic anomalies, geologic mapping, and earthquake focal-plane solutions demonstrate a complex deformational history in the Portland-Vancouver area since middle Miocene time that includes elements of compression, extension, and dextral slip. These complexities reflect Portland-Vancouver's unique position within a north-south transition in tectonic styles along the Cascadia margin, from compressional in the north to extensional in the south.
Emperor Geese (Chen canagica) breed primarily on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska (Eisenhauer and Kirkpatrick 1977), but a small, poorly quantified proportion of the world's population is known to breed in the Russia Far East (Kistchinski 1976, 1988, Portenko 1981). Eisenhauer and Kirkpatrick (1977) stated that 80 to 90% of all Emperor Geese breed on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, and current estimates for numbers of breeding pairs in this area are 20,000 to 25,000 (R. A. Stehn, National Biological Service, Anchorage, Alaska, unpubl. data). In Russia, Emperor Geese are distributed primarily along the north coast of the Chukotka Peninsula between Kolyuchin Bay and Cape Shmidt, and in the Anadyr Lowlands along the coast of Anadyr Bay (Fig. 1; Kistchinski 1988, Kondratyev 1992, 1993), Kistchinski (1976) noted that up to 80% of these geese are nonbreeding birds. Recent aerial surveys of Emperor Goose habitats along the eastern coast of Russia indicated a minimum of 3,000 to 5,000 geese, although very few were on nests or with young, and only 127 total broods were seen during these surveys (J. I. Hodges, Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), Juneau, Alaska, unpubl. data) It is not known if these two continental distributions of breeding Emperor Geese commingle and use similar areas during migration and for winter. Aerial surveys of the Alaska Peninsula during spring and fall indicate that lagoons on the northern coast are the primary staging areas for this species, and it is presumed that virtually all Emperor Geese use the Alaska Peninsula during migration (Petersen and Gill 1982). Emperor Geese winter throughout the Aleutian and Kommandorsky islands (Byrd et al., 1974). In the late fall, geese arrive in the western and eastern Aleutian Islands before arriving in the central Aleutians, thus suggesting that geese may be coming to this wintering area from both continents (G. V. Byrd pers, comm.). Speculations of previous investigators that Emperor Geese breeding in Russia use the Alaska Peninsula for staging (Eisenhauer and Kirkpatrick 1977, A. Krechmar pers. comm.) have not been confirmed. Here we report observations of two geese banded as juveniles in Russia and observed on the Alaska Peninsula during their first fall migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089035","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., and Kondratyev, A.V., 1995, Evidence of Emperor Geese breeding in Russia and staging in Alaska: The Auk, v. 112, no. 4, p. 1037-1038, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089035.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1037","endPage":"1038","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337640,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"112","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52ffe4b0849ce97c8756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kondratyev, Alexander V.","contributorId":60160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondratyev","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187052,"text":"70187052 - 1995 - Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:21:52","indexId":"70187052","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data","docAbstract":"Landsat multispectral scanner and thematic mapper images were co-registered For the Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord region in East Greenland and were used to map glacier drainage-basin areas, changes in the positions of tide-water glacier termini and to estimate surface velocities of the larger tide-water glaciers. Statistics were compiled to document distance and area changes to glacier termini. The methodologies developed in this study are broadly applicable to the investigation of tide-water glaciers in other areas. The number of images available for consecutive years and the accuracy with which images are co-registered are key factors that influence the degree to which regional glacier dynamics can be characterized using remotely sensed data.
Three domains of glacier state were interpreted: net increase in terminus area in the southern part of the study area, net loss of terminus area for glaciers in upper Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord and a slight loss of glacier terminus area northward from Ryberg Fjord. Local increases in the concentrations of drifting icebergs in the fjords coincide with the observed extension of glacier termini positions Ice-surface velocity estimates were derived for several glaciers using automated image cross-correlation techniques The velocity determined for Kangerdlugssuaq Gletscher is approximately 5.0 km a−1 and that for Kong Christian IV Gletscher is 0.9 km a−1. The continuous presence of icebergs and brash ice in front of these glaciers indicates sustained rates of ice-front calving.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022143000034900","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, J.L., 1995, Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data: Journal of Glaciology, v. 41, no. 139, p. 584-595, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022143000034900.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"584","endPage":"595","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000034900","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -34.16748046875,\n 67.34832460428412\n ],\n [\n -29.300537109374996,\n 67.34832460428412\n ],\n [\n -29.300537109374996,\n 68.83576865659356\n ],\n [\n -34.16748046875,\n 68.83576865659356\n ],\n [\n -34.16748046875,\n 67.34832460428412\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d7e4b0b7ea54524109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174186,"text":"70174186 - 1995 - Concentrations of dissolved and particulate Polychlorinated Biphenyls in water from the Saginaw River, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T17:14:13","indexId":"70174186","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations of dissolved and particulate Polychlorinated Biphenyls in water from the Saginaw River, Michigan","docAbstract":"The Saginaw River receives water from a major drainage basin in the east-central portion of the lower peninsula of Michigan. Historically the river has been contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from several sources. The present study was conducted to determine the concentrations of PCBs in both the dissolved and particulate phases of water in the lower Saginaw River, as well as the relative contribution of PCBs from the lower portion of the river relative to more upstream locations. Water samples were collected in 1990–1991, during a range of discharge conditions. Suspended particulates were collected from water onto glass-fiber filters by use of a “Penta-plate” filtration apparatus. Filtered water was subsequently passed through XAD-2 macroreticular resin to collect the “dissolved” PCBs. Concentrations of PCBs in both phases were determined by congener specific gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Total concentrations of PCBs ranged from 11 to 31 ng/L. The concentrations of PCBs in the dissolved phase ranged from 1.9 to 16 ng/L. The ratio of total PCBs bound to suspended particulates, relative to dissolved PCBs, was 2:1 and remained fairly constant for discharges less than approximately 400 M3/sec. The loading of total PCBs to Saginaw Bay was estimated to be 225 kg/yr, of which approximately 60% was found to be contributed by the lower 8 km of the Saginaw River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71033-4","usgsCitation":"Verbrugge, D.A., Giesy, J.P., Mora, M.A., Williams, L.L., Rossmann, R., Moll, R.A., and Tuchman, M., 1995, Concentrations of dissolved and particulate Polychlorinated Biphenyls in water from the Saginaw River, Michigan: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 21, no. 2, p. 219-233, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71033-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"233","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Saginaw River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.86276245117188,\n 43.64899449575356\n ],\n [\n -83.8641357421875,\n 43.62712937016884\n ],\n [\n -83.90945434570312,\n 43.60724507891402\n ],\n [\n -83.91220092773438,\n 43.57044180598564\n ],\n [\n -83.91357421875,\n 43.534611617432816\n ],\n [\n -83.92868041992188,\n 43.49079023700749\n ],\n [\n -83.94378662109375,\n 43.43995745973526\n ],\n [\n -83.97674560546875,\n 43.401056495052906\n ],\n [\n -84.03854370117188,\n 43.375108633273086\n ],\n [\n -84.07699584960938,\n 43.3481510201783\n ],\n [\n -84.10171508789062,\n 43.315186560290485\n ],\n [\n -84.06875610351562,\n 43.3101903843356\n ],\n [\n -84.00421142578125,\n 43.35414263600892\n ],\n [\n -83.93966674804688,\n 43.392075799933046\n ],\n [\n -83.90808105468749,\n 43.45391581188941\n ],\n [\n -83.86825561523438,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -83.8861083984375,\n 43.55451990763498\n ],\n [\n -83.85452270507812,\n 43.605256288140474\n ],\n [\n -83.83392333984375,\n 43.624147145668076\n ],\n [\n -83.83804321289061,\n 43.652969118285434\n ],\n [\n -83.86276245117188,\n 43.64899449575356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739faee4b07657d1a90cb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verbrugge, David A.","contributorId":172542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verbrugge","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mora, Miguel A. 0000-0002-8393-0216","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0216","contributorId":46643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"Miguel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Lisa L.","contributorId":172543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rossmann, Ronald","contributorId":149112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossmann","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17646,"text":"U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Grosse Ile, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moll, Russell A.","contributorId":172544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moll","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tuchman, Marc","contributorId":50118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuchman","given":"Marc","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70187033,"text":"70187033 - 1995 - Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:08:00","indexId":"70187033","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology","docAbstract":"Spatial patterns and rates of forest fragmentation were assessed using digital remote sensing data for a region in southern New England that included 157 townships in southern New Hampshire and northeastern Massachusetts. The study area has undergone marked population increases over the last several decades. Following classification of 1973 and 1988 Landsat Multispectral Scanner data into forest and nonforest classes, data were incorporated into a geographic information system. The natural logarithms of forest area to perimeter ratios, referred to as the forest continuity index, were used to assess patterns and trends of forest fragmentation across the region Forest continuity index values were extracted from each township for both data sets and compared with population data. Forest continuity index values were found to decrease with increasing population density until about 200 persons per square kilometer, after which the relationship stabilized. With slight population increases at low densities forest continuity index values declined sharply, implying abrupt increases in forest fragmentation. Results from the study indicated good negative correlations (r2 values of 0.81 and 0.77) between the Multispectral Scanner-derived forest continuity index and natural logs of township population density. Socioeconomic indicators such as affluence and commuting patterns did not appear to correlate well with forest fragmentation estimates. Decreases in forest continuity index values occurred throughout much of the study region between 1973 and 1988, suggesting that forest fragmentation is occurring over large regions within the eastern United States. It is technologically feasible to assess patterns and rates of forest fragmentation across much larger areas than analyzed in this study; such analyses would provide useful overviews enabling objective assessment of the magnitude of forest fragmentation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020439.x","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., 1995, Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology: Conservation Biology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 439-449, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020439.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"449","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.4053955078125,\n 42.26511445833756\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 42.26511445833756\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -72.4053955078125,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -72.4053955078125,\n 42.26511445833756\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c4e4b0b7ea54521c4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70134509,"text":"70134509 - 1995 - Silver and other tracers of sewage particles in coastal and deep sea sediments off the east coast, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:25:04","indexId":"70134509","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Silver and other tracers of sewage particles in coastal and deep sea sediments off the east coast, USA","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transport, fate, and effects of silver in the environment: the 2nd international conference proceedings, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, September 11-14, 1994","conferenceTitle":"Transport, fate, and effects of silver in the environment","conferenceDate":"September 11-14, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Madison, WI","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., and Ravizza, G., 1995, Silver and other tracers of sewage particles in coastal and deep sea sediments off the east coast, USA, in Transport, fate, and effects of silver in the environment: the 2nd international conference proceedings, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, September 11-14, 1994, Madison, WI, September 11-14, 1994, p. 61-68.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ee2d0e4b09357f05f8a6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ravizza, G.E.","contributorId":105450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravizza","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70134375,"text":"70134375 - 1995 - East Louisiana continental shelf sediments: a product of delta reworking","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-25T15:58:29","indexId":"70134375","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"East Louisiana continental shelf sediments: a product of delta reworking","docAbstract":"Data from 77 vibracores were integrated with 6,700 line-km of high- resolution seismic reflection profiles collected off the eastern Louisiana coast in the region of the St. Bernard Delta, the first of the Holocene highstand deltas of the Mississippi River. Seismic fades and sediment facies were integrated in order to establish the stratigraphic details within this relict delta. Results provide a regional geologic framework from which comparisons can be made with other areas. Holocene deposits in the study area overlie a heavily dissected surface interpreted to represent a lowstand erosional surface. Resting on this surface is a thin unit of relatively clean, quartz sand interpreted to have been deposited during early transgression. This unit is overlain by sediments of the St. Bernard Delta, a seaward-prograding, coarsening-upward wedge of sands and muds that contain vertically-stacked units of deltaic succession. Two or more prograding units separated by an unconformity, delineated from regional seismic profiles, may represent laterally shifting subdelta lobes. Surficial sediments consist of a thin unit of sands and muds derived from and reflecting the individual subenvirons of the underlying delta. Holocene inner-shelf development off eastern Louisiana has been controlled by relative sea-level rise and sediment supply. Sediment supply and deposition are a product of delta progradation and delta-lobe switching. The modern shelf configuration and surficial sediment distribution patterns reflect reworking of underlying deltaic deposits. The lack of modern sediment input helps to maintain the imprint of this ancient delta on the modern shelf surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Brooks, G.R., Kingdinger, J.L., Penland, S., and Williams, S.J., 1995, East Louisiana continental shelf sediments: a product of delta reworking: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 11, no. 4, p. 1026-1036.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1026","endPage":"1036","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":296314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4298408"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"St . Bernard Delta","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5475a830e4b08250614204c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Gregg R.","contributorId":10557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooks","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kingdinger, Jack L.","contributorId":90655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingdinger","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Penland, Shea","contributorId":88401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}