{"pageNumber":"3010","pageRowStart":"75225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184660,"records":[{"id":70170577,"text":"70170577 - 2002 - Thermotolerance generated by plant/fungal symbiosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T16:33:04.002939","indexId":"70170577","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermotolerance generated by plant/fungal symbiosis","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1078055","usgsCitation":"Redman, R.S., Sheehan, K.B., Stout, R.G., Rodriguez, R.J., and Henson, J.M., 2002, Thermotolerance generated by plant/fungal symbiosis: Science, v. 298, no. 5598, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1078055.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1581","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"298","issue":"5598","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5720913ae4b071321fe656b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redman, Regina S. 0000-0001-5108-7570","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-7570","contributorId":75829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"Regina","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheehan, Kathy B.","contributorId":168933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stout, Richard G.","contributorId":168934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stout","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodriguez, Russell J.","contributorId":75035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henson, Joan M.","contributorId":168935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henson","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024320,"text":"70024320 - 2002 - Distance sampling for Sonoran Desert tortoises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-04T22:23:40.799121","indexId":"70024320","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distance sampling for Sonoran Desert tortoises","docAbstract":"We used line transects and distance sampling in combination with radiotelemetry to estimate density of a desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) population in the Rincon Mountains near Tucson, Arizona, USA, as part of a long-term study evaluating the impact of urban development on tortoises. During 2000, 34 1-km transects were each sampled twice in the 368.5-ha study area. We observed 46 tortoises with midline carapace lengths ???150 mm (subadults and adults) plus 7 juveniles on transects. For subadults and adults, the encounter rate was 0.63 tortoises/km, and the mean proportion of tortoises observable during radiotelemetry, conducted concurrently with transect sampling, was 82%. Corrected mean density based on line transects and radiotelemetry was 0.523 tortoises/ha (CV = 22.99, 95% CI = 0.29-0.79), and absolute abundance in the study area was estimated to be 193 (CV = 23.0%, CI = 107-291). Using the 2 independent coverages of transects as separate samples, the Lincoln-Petersen mark-recapture estimator produced an abundance estimate of 224 subadult and adult tortoises (CV = 53.9%, CI = 72-440). Transects measured on the ground over uneven topography resulted in 3% smaller estimates of density when compared to analysis with transect lengths determined from coordinates plotted on a map. Distance sampling appears to be a feasible method of estimating density of Sonoran Desert populations of the desert tortoise, but transect lengths should be based on mapped rather than measured distances to prevent biases caused by uneven topography.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802929","usgsCitation":"Swann, D.E., Averill-Murray, R., and Schwalbe, C.R., 2002, Distance sampling for Sonoran Desert tortoises: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 66, no. 4, p. 969-975, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802929.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"969","endPage":"975","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Pima County","otherGeospatial":"Rincon Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.52520751953125,\n              32.03049011704932\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.42255401611327,\n              32.03049011704932\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.42255401611327,\n              32.169509774583176\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.52520751953125,\n              32.169509774583176\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.52520751953125,\n              32.03049011704932\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a024ae4b0c8380cd4ffa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swann, Don E.","contributorId":218874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swann","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Averill-Murray, Roy C.","contributorId":173687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Averill-Murray","given":"Roy C.","affiliations":[{"id":27274,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service, Desert Tortoise Recovery Office, Reno, NV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwalbe, Cecil R. cschwalbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":3077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"Cecil","email":"cschwalbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024366,"text":"70024366 - 2002 - Effects of surface run-off on the transport of agricultural chemicals to ground water in a sandplain setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:08:13","indexId":"70024366","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of surface run-off on the transport of agricultural chemicals to ground water in a sandplain setting","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id9\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id10\"><p>An experiment was conducted at a depressional (lowland) and an upland site in sandy soils to evaluate the effects of surface run-off on the transport of agricultural chemicals to ground water. Approximately 16.5 cm of water was applied to both sites during the experiment, representing a natural precipitation event with a recurrence interval of approximately 100 years. Run-off was quantified at the lowland site and was not detected at the upland site during the experiment. Run-off of water to the lowland site was the most important factor affecting differences in the concentrations and fluxes of the agricultural chemicals between the two sites. Run-off of water to the lowland site appears to have played a dual role by diluting chemical concentrations in the unsaturated zone as well as increasing the concentrations at the water table, compared to the upland site. Concentrations of chloride, nitrate and atrazine plus metabolites were noticeably greater at the water table than in the unsaturated zone at both sites. The estimated mass flux of chloride and nitrate to the water table during the test were 5–2 times greater, respectively, at the lowland site compared to the upland site, whereas the flux of sulfate and atrazine plus metabolites was slightly greater at the upland site. Results indicate that matrix flow of water and chemicals was the primary process causing the observed differences between the two sites. Results of the experiment illustrate the effects of heterogeneity and the complexity of evaluating chemical transport through the unsaturated zone.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00071-2","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., and Landon, M., 2002, Effects of surface run-off on the transport of agricultural chemicals to ground water in a sandplain setting: Science of the Total Environment, v. 295, no. 1-3, p. 143-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00071-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"155","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207161,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00071-2"}],"volume":"295","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07ede4b0c8380cd518d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024361,"text":"70024361 - 2002 - High-resolution seismic velocities and shallow structure of the San Andreas fault zone at Middle Mountain, Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70024361","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution seismic velocities and shallow structure of the San Andreas fault zone at Middle Mountain, Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"A 5-km-long, high-resolution seismic imaging survey across the San Andreas fault (SAF) zone and the proposed San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) drill site near Parkfield, California, shows that velocities vary both laterally and vertically. Velocities range from <1.0 km/sec near the surface to as much as 4.8 km/sec at 750-m depth. The lowest velocities (<1.0 to ???3.0 km/sec) correspond to unconsolidated sediment, mudstone, and sandstone in the near surface, and the higher velocities (>4.0 km/sec) probably correspond to granitic rock of the Salinian block, which is exposed a few kilometers southwest of the SAF. The depth to the top of probable granitic rock varies laterally along the seismic profile but is about 600 m below the surface at the proposed SAFOD site. We observe a prominent, lateral low-velocity zone (LVZ) beneath and southwest of the surface trace of the SAF. The LVZ is about 1.5 km wide at 300-m depth but tapers to about 600 m wide at 750-m depth. At the maximum depth of the velocity model (750 m), the LVZ is centered approximately 400 m southwest of the surface trace of the SAF. Similar velocities and velocity gradients are observed at comparable depths on both sides of the LVZ, suggesting that the LVZ is anomalous relative to rocks on either side of it. Velocities within the LVZ are lower than those of San Andreas fault gouge, and the LVZ is also anomalous with respect to gravity, magnetic, and resistivity measurements. Because of its proximity to the surface trace of the SAF, it is tempting to suggest that the LVZ represents a zone of fractured crystalline rocks at depth. However, the LVZ instead probably represents a tectonic sliver of sedimentary rock that now rests adjacent to or encompasses the SAF. Such a sliver of sedimentary rock implies fault strands on both sides and possibly within the sliver, suggesting a zone of fault strands at least 1.5 km wide at a depth of 300 m, tapering to about 600 m wide at 750-m depth. Fluids within the sedimentary sliver are probably responsible for observed low-resistivity values.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120010263","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Rymer, M.J., Goldman, M.R., Hole, J., Huggins, R., and Lippus, C., 2002, High-resolution seismic velocities and shallow structure of the San Andreas fault zone at Middle Mountain, Parkfield, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 6, p. 2493-2503, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010263.","startPage":"2493","endPage":"2503","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207125,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120010263"},{"id":231780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3124e4b0c8380cd5dc85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rymer, M. J.","contributorId":90694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, M. R.","contributorId":106934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hole, J.A.","contributorId":103422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hole","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huggins, R.","contributorId":18537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huggins","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lippus, C.","contributorId":44700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lippus","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024339,"text":"70024339 - 2002 - The impact of climatic and seismic events on the short-term evolution of seacliffs based on 3-D mapping: Northern Monterey Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024339","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of climatic and seismic events on the short-term evolution of seacliffs based on 3-D mapping: Northern Monterey Bay, California","docAbstract":"Coastal cliff retreat along the central California coast is episodic, occurring in response to single large storms or seismic events. Traditional approaches to the study of long-term seacliff retreat utilize historical aerial photography and maps to delineate the landward migration of the top edge of the cliff over periods of tens of years to a century. While these methods yield cumulative retreat amounts, they provide little or no information on the character of the individual retreat events, nor the physical processes of retreat. This study addresses the processes of episodic and short-term coastal cliff retreat through the analysis of seacliff failure styles and retreat magnitudes. The study areas are three, 1-km-long sections of cliffed coast in northern Monterey Bay. The earliest data set is vertical aerial photography from October 18, 1989, taken the day following the magnitude 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake. More recent photography, collected in late January, early February and early March of 1998, captured seacliff failure in response to the severe storms associated with the 1997-1998 El Nin??o. For each data set, high-resolution digital photogrammetric techniques are used to identify the top edge of the cliff. At each cliff failure location, its position, failure length and character are documented. Results suggest that on a regional scale, the seacliffs respond to seismic and climatic forcing differently. We have found variation in the magnitude of cliff response along the three sections of coast in the study area. Large-scale climatic events such as the 1997-1998 El Nin??o have a greater impact on both the linear extent of seacliff failure and the amount of cliff retreat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00315-8","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C., and Richmond, B., 2002, The impact of climatic and seismic events on the short-term evolution of seacliffs based on 3-D mapping: Northern Monterey Bay, California: Marine Geology, v. 187, no. 3-4, p. 259-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00315-8.","startPage":"259","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207288,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00315-8"}],"volume":"187","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bace2e4b08c986b3237f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, C.","contributorId":83649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, B.","contributorId":78117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024335,"text":"70024335 - 2002 - Reproductive success of the interior least tern (Sterna antillarum) in relation to hydrology on the Lower Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T15:03:24","indexId":"70024335","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Reproductive success of the interior least tern (<i>Sterna antillarum</i>) in relation to hydrology on the Lower Mississippi River","title":"Reproductive success of the interior least tern (Sterna antillarum) in relation to hydrology on the Lower Mississippi River","docAbstract":"The annual hydrograph of large rivers, including flood pulses and low-flow periods, is believed to play a primary role in the productivity of biota associated with these ecosystems. We investigated the relationship between river hydrology and Interior least tern (Sterna antillarum) reproductive success on the Lower Mississippi River from April to July 1986-1993. The number of fledglings produced per adult pair was negatively correlated with July mean (r= -0.95, p = 0.0004) and July maximum river elevation (r= -0.97, p = 0.0001), but no other aspect of river hydrology were related to tern reproduction. Low-water elevations in July may benefit least tern reproductive success by increasing sand island area or the area of shallow-water habitat that surrounds islands. Loss of deep-water habitats in conjunction with an increase in shallow habitat during stage decreases may concentrate fish prey in shallow-water habitats and backwater areas, thereby increasing food availability during chick-rearing. Copyright ?? 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.634","usgsCitation":"Dugger, K.M., Ryan, M.R., Galat, D.L., Renken, R.B., and Smith, J.W., 2002, Reproductive success of the interior least tern (Sterna antillarum) in relation to hydrology on the Lower Mississippi River: River Research and Applications, v. 18, no. 2, p. 97-105, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.634.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"105","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lowe Mississippi River","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8f2e4b0c8380cd85b42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":36037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, Mark R.","contributorId":101376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galat, David L.","contributorId":13711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Renken, Rochelle B.","contributorId":107646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renken","given":"Rochelle","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, John W","contributorId":148169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024327,"text":"70024327 - 2002 - Mineralogical Approaches to Sourcing Pipes and Figurines from the Eastern Woodlands, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024327","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1750,"text":"Geoarchaeology - An International Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogical Approaches to Sourcing Pipes and Figurines from the Eastern Woodlands, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Provenance studies of stone artifacts often rely heavily upon chemical techniques such as neutron activation analysis. However, stone specimens with very similar chemical composition can have different mineralogies (distinctive crystalline structures as well as variations within the same mineral) that are not revealed by multielemental techniques. Because mineralogical techniques are often cheap and usually nondestructive, beginning with mineralogy allows the researcher to gain valuable information and then to be selective about how many samples are submitted for expensive and somewhat destructive chemical analysis, thus conserving both valuable samples and funds. Our University of Illinois team of archaeologists and geologists employs Portable Infrared Mineral Analyzer (PIMA) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Sequential acid dissolution/XRD/Inductively coupled plasma (SAD-XRD-ICP) analyses. Two case studies of Hopewellian pipes and Mississippian figurines illustrate this mineralogical approach. The results for both studies identify sources relatively close to the sites where the artifacts were recovered: Sterling, Illinois (rather than Ohio) for the (Hopewell) pipes and Missouri (rather than Arkansas or Oklahoma) for the Cahokia figurines. ?? 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoarchaeology - An International Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/gea.10038","issn":"08836353","usgsCitation":"Wisseman, S., Moore, D., Hughes, R., Hynes, M., and Emerson, T., 2002, Mineralogical Approaches to Sourcing Pipes and Figurines from the Eastern Woodlands, U.S.A.: Geoarchaeology - An International Journal, v. 17, no. 7, p. 689-715, https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.10038.","startPage":"689","endPage":"715","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207140,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.10038"}],"volume":"17","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5a8ee4b0c8380cd6ef6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wisseman, S.U.","contributorId":67246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wisseman","given":"S.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, D.M.","contributorId":29576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, R.E.","contributorId":84497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hynes, M.R.","contributorId":74540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hynes","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Emerson, T.E.","contributorId":30785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024319,"text":"70024319 - 2002 - Geoindicators for river and river-valley monitoring in the humid tropics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024319","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geoindicators for river and river-valley monitoring in the humid tropics","docAbstract":"Geoindicators for rivers and river valleys in the humid tropics are suggested to indicate environmental change during periods of up to a century. Geoindicators suggested for upland areas of supply are rainfall-runoff relations, rates of soil movement and slope failure, and analyses of drainage density. Data applicable to sediment storage in lowlands are rates of sediment deposition as shown by monuments, short-lived radioisotopes, and pollen. Discharges of water, sediment, and dissolved solids are basic geoindicators for large streams, especially when analyses include flood frequency, stage-discharge relations, flow duration, sediment-rating curves, and comparisons of dissolved loads to sediment loads. The utility of geoindicators in the humid tropics may be greatest if observation sites are selected with a network design to permit comparisons of sites with similar conditions of climate and drainage-basin characteristics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-002-0550-y","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W.R., 2002, Geoindicators for river and river-valley monitoring in the humid tropics: Environmental Geology, v. 42, no. 7, p. 725-735, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-002-0550-y.","startPage":"725","endPage":"735","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207102,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-002-0550-y"},{"id":231733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1858e4b0c8380cd5571c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189969,"text":"70189969 - 2002 - Otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-30T11:31:10","indexId":"70189969","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Otters","docAbstract":"<p>The otters (Mustelidae; Lutrinae) provide a unique look into the evolution of marine living by mammals. This is because most extant marine mammals have been so highly modified by long periods of selection for life in the sea that they bare little resemblance to their terrestrial ancestors. Marine otters, by contrast, are recent expatriates from terrestrial and freshwater habitats, and some species still live in both environments. Contrasts within this group, and among the otters, terrestrial mammals, and the more highly adapted pinnipeds and cetaceans potentially offer deep insight into mammalian adaptations to life in the sea. Among the marine mammals, sea otters also provide the clearest understanding of predation and ocean ecosystem function. This is due in part to serendipitous opportunities provided by history and in part by the relative ease with which shallow coastal systems where sea otters live can be observed and studied. These two qualities of the otters are what make them interesting to marine mammalogy. Thus, our contribution to this volume on the marine mammals is built around these themes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of marine mammals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","isbn":"0-12-551340-2","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., and Bodkin, J.L., 2002, Otters, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of marine mammals, p. 842-858.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"842","endPage":"858","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344440,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70189970","text":"Pubs Warehouse: Second edition of this publication"},{"id":344438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-marine-mammals/wursig/978-0-12-373553-9","text":"Publisher's Website: Second edition of Encyclopedia"}],"edition":"First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"597ef022e4b0a38ca2774b0c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Perrin, William F.","contributorId":47298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perrin","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706934,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wursing, Bernd","contributorId":149340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wursing","given":"Bernd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706935,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thewissen, J.G.M.","contributorId":119190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thewissen","given":"J.G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706936,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024324,"text":"70024324 - 2002 - Increased incidence of red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) presence in loggerhead sea turtle (Testudines: Cheloniidae) nests and observations of hatchling mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T17:33:44.685645","indexId":"70024324","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1667,"text":"Florida Entomologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Increased incidence of red imported fire ant (<i>Hymenoptera: Formicidae</i>) presence in loggerhead sea turtle (<i>Testudines: Cheloniidae</i>) nests and observations of hatchling mortality","title":"Increased incidence of red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) presence in loggerhead sea turtle (Testudines: Cheloniidae) nests and observations of hatchling mortality","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0514:IIORIF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Parris, L., Lamont, M., and Carthy, R., 2002, Increased incidence of red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) presence in loggerhead sea turtle (Testudines: Cheloniidae) nests and observations of hatchling mortality: Florida Entomologist, v. 85, no. 3, p. 514-517, https://doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0514:IIORIF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"517","costCenters":[{"id":274,"text":"Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478665,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2002)085[0514:iiorif]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Cape San Blas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.38642883300781,\n              29.662399424442512\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.30471801757812,\n              29.662399424442512\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.30471801757812,\n              29.705946541987238\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.38642883300781,\n              29.705946541987238\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.38642883300781,\n              29.662399424442512\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39f9e4b0c8380cd61ae4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parris, L.B.","contributorId":71350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parris","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamont, M.M. 0000-0001-7520-6669","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":40757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carthy, R.R.","contributorId":96367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carthy","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024346,"text":"70024346 - 2002 - Rapid evolution of redox processes in a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-15T15:16:34.115927","indexId":"70024346","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid evolution of redox processes in a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span>Ground water chemistry data collected over a six‐year period show that the distribution of contaminants and redox processes in a shallow petroleum hydrocarbon‐contaminated aquifer has changed rapidly over time. Shortly after a gasoline release occurred in 1990, high concentrations of benzene were present near the contaminant source area. In this contaminated zone, dissolved oxygen in ground water was depleted, and by 1994 Fe(lll) reduction and sulfate reduction were the predominant terminal electron accepting processes. Significantly, dissolved methane was below measurable levels in 1994, indicating the absence of significant methanogenesis. By 1996, however, depletion of solid‐phase Fe(lll)‐oxyhydroxides in aquifer sediments and depletion of dissolved sulfate in ground water resulted in the onset of methanogenesis. Between 1996 and 2000, water‐chemistry data indicated that methanogenic metabolism became increasingly prevalent. Molecular analysis of 16S‐rDNA extracted from sediments shows the presence of a more diverse methanogenic community inside as opposed to outside the plume core, and is consistent with water‐chemistry data indicating a shift toward methanogenesis over time. This rapid evolution of redox processes reflects several factors including the large amounts of contaminants, relatively rapid ground water flow (∼0.3 m/day [∼1 foot/day]), and low concentrations of microbially reducible Fe(lll) oxyhydroxides (∼ 1 umol/g) initially present in aquifer sediments. These results illustrate that, under certain hydrologic conditions, redox conditions in petroleum hydrocarbon‐contaminated aquifers can change rapidly in time and space, and that the availability of solid‐phase Fe(lll)‐oxyhydroxides affects this rate of change.</span></p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02513.x","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Bradley, P., Lovley, D.R., O'Neil, K., and Landmeyer, J., 2002, Rapid evolution of redox processes in a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer: Ground Water, v. 40, no. 4, p. 353-360, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02513.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"360","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94dee4b0c8380cd8167b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Neil, Kyle","contributorId":82491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Neil","given":"Kyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024325,"text":"70024325 - 2002 - Habitat use by striped bass in relation to seasonal changes in water quality in a southern reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024325","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by striped bass in relation to seasonal changes in water quality in a southern reservoir","docAbstract":"Adult striped bass Morone saxatilis (n = 61; 597-914 mm total length) were captured by hook and line throughout Lake Murray, South Carolina, and by electrofishing in the Greenwood Dam tailrace and upper Saluda River above Lake Murray, implanted with temperature-sensitive radio transmitters, and tracked biweekly. During late winter-early spring, striped bass were concentrated in the upstream portions of the reservoir. By midsummer, they were primarily located in the lower embayment of the reservoir, but several fish remained in the tailrace of the upstream dam as well as in a thermal refuge in the Saluda River. After the reservoir began to cool in fall, fish dispersed from the lower embayment and moved upstream toward the headwaters of the reservoir, where they had been captured the previous spring. Several fish returned to locations within 10 m of their original capture locations. Mean movement rates were lowest in winter and summer and highest in spring and fall. Low movement rates in summer were associated with a severe reduction of suitable habitat. In addition to the standard biweekly sampling, a 7.5-km2 section of the lower embayment of Lake Murray was searched every 2 h over a continuous 48-h period from 10 to 12 August 2000. During this period, striped bass were observed to use the same areas on a seasonal basis as they did on a diel basis. However, mean hourly rates of movement were greater than the movement rates calculated for the normal 2-week interval between samples. Changes in location between biweekly samples may not indicate displacement but rather only randomly chosen locations in normal use areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0817:HUBSBI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Schaffler, J.J., Isely, J.J., and Hayes, W., 2002, Habitat use by striped bass in relation to seasonal changes in water quality in a southern reservoir: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 5, p. 817-827, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0817:HUBSBI>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"817","endPage":"827","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207139,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0817:HUBSBI>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"131","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f43e4b0c8380cd5cc29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffler, James J.","contributorId":88911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaffler","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, W.E.","contributorId":36322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024340,"text":"70024340 - 2002 - The influence of microclimates and fog on stable isotope signatures used in interpretation of regional hydrology: East Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024340","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of microclimates and fog on stable isotope signatures used in interpretation of regional hydrology: East Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Stable isotopes of precipitation, ground water and surface water measured on the windward side of East Maui from 0 to 3055 m altitude were used to determine recharge sources for stream flow and ground water. Correct interpretation of the hydrology using rainfall ??18O gradients with altitude required consideration of the influence of fog, as fog samples had isotopic signatures enriched by as much as 3??? in ??18O and 21??? in ??D compared to volume-weighted average precipitation at the same altitude. The isotopic analyses suggested that fog drip was a major component of stream flow and shallow ground water at higher altitudes in the watershed. 18O/altitude gradients in rainfall were comparable for similar microclimates on Maui (this study) and Hawaii Island (1990-1995 study), however, East Maui ??18O values for rain in trade-wind and high-altitude microclimates were enriched compared to those from Hawaii Island. Isotopes were used to interpret regional hydrology in this volcanic island aquifer system. In part of the study area, stable isotopes indicate discharge of ground water recharged at least 1000 m above the sample site. This deep-flowpath ground water was found in springs from sea level up to 240 m altitude, indicating saturation to altitudes much higher than a typical freshwater lens. These findings help in predicting the effects of ground water development on stream flow in the area. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00073-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., Gingerich, S.B., and Tribble, G., 2002, The influence of microclimates and fog on stable isotope signatures used in interpretation of regional hydrology: East Maui, Hawaii: Journal of Hydrology, v. 264, no. 1-4, p. 170-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00073-2.","startPage":"170","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207289,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00073-2"}],"volume":"264","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad2fe4b08c986b323a36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, M. A.","contributorId":86365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gingerich, S. B.","contributorId":83958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tribble, G.W.","contributorId":47420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tribble","given":"G.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024326,"text":"70024326 - 2002 - Temporal evolution of a hydrothermal system in Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Japan, inferred from the complex frequencies of long-period events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:56:45.677134","indexId":"70024326","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal evolution of a hydrothermal system in Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Japan, inferred from the complex frequencies of long-period events","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present a detailed description of temporal variations in the complex frequencies of long-period (LP) events observed at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano. Using the Sompi method, we analyze 35 LP events that occurred during the period from August 1992 through January 1993. The observed temporal variations in the complex frequencies can be divided into three periods. During the first period the dominant frequency rapidly decreases from 5 to 1 Hz, and&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;of the dominant spectral peak remains roughly constant with an average value near 100. During the second period the dominant frequency gradually increases up to 3 Hz, and&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;gradually decreases from 160 to 30. During the third period the dominant frequency increases more rapidly from 3 to 5 Hz, and&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;shows an abrupt increase at the beginning of this period and then remains roughly constant with an average value near 100. Such temporal variations can be consistently explained by the dynamic response of a hydrothermal crack to a magmatic heat pulse. During the first period, crack growth occurs in response to the overall pressure increase in the hydrothermal system caused by the heat pulse. Once crack formation is complete, heat gradually changes the fluid in the crack from a wet misty gas to a dry gas during the second period. As heating of the hydrothermal system gradually subsides, the overall pressure in this system starts to decrease, causing the collapse of the crack during the third period.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000653","usgsCitation":"Kumagai, H., Chouet, B., and Nakano, M., 2002, Temporal evolution of a hydrothermal system in Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Japan, inferred from the complex frequencies of long-period events: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B10, p. ESE 9-1-ESE 9-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000653.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"ESE 9-1","endPage":"ESE 9-10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000653","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              138.53,\n              36.63\n            ],\n            [\n              138.55,\n              36.63\n            ],\n            [\n              138.55,\n              36.65\n            ],\n            [\n              138.53,\n              36.65\n            ],\n            [\n              138.53,\n              36.63\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba50de4b08c986b320786","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumagai, Hiroyuki","contributorId":71337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumagai","given":"Hiroyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard","contributorId":65485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nakano, M.","contributorId":43528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakano","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024602,"text":"70024602 - 2002 - Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024602","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements","docAbstract":"Recent field tests illustrate the accuracy and consistency of calculating near-surface shear (S)-wave velocities using multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). S-wave velocity profiles (S-wave velocity vs. depth) derived from MASW compared favorably to direct borehole measurements at sites in Kansas, British Columbia, and Wyoming. Effects of changing the total number of recording channels, sampling interval, source offset, and receiver spacing on the inverted S-wave velocity were studied at a test site in Lawrence, Kansas. On the average, the difference between MASW calculated Vs and borehole measured Vs in eight wells along the Fraser River in Vancouver, Canada was less than 15%. One of the eight wells was a blind test well with the calculated overall difference between MASW and borehole measurements less than 9%. No systematic differences were observed in derived Vs values from any of the eight test sites. Surface wave analysis performed on surface data from Wyoming provided S-wave velocities in near-surface materials. Velocity profiles from MASW were confirmed by measurements based on suspension log analysis. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Miller, R., Park, C., Hunter, J., Harris, J.B., and Ivanov, J., 2002, Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 22, no. 3, p. 181-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8.","startPage":"181","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207780,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8"},{"id":232983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f839e4b0c8380cd4cf5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Park, C.B.","contributorId":21714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, J. A.","contributorId":94067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harris, J. B.","contributorId":80441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70188079,"text":"70188079 - 2002 - Testing pop-up satellite tags as a tool for identifying critical habitat for Pacific halibut (<i>Hippoglossus stenolepis</i>) in the Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T17:51:54","indexId":"70188079","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Testing pop-up satellite tags as a tool for identifying critical habitat for Pacific halibut (<i>Hippoglossus stenolepis</i>) in the Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"<p> To maintain healthy commercial and sport fisheries for Pacific halibut (<i>Hippoglossus stenolepis</i>), critical habitat must be defined by determining life history patterns on a daily and seasonal basis. Pop-up satellite archival transmitting (PSAT) tags provide a fisheries-independent method of collecting environmental preference data (depth and ambient water temperature) as well as daily geolocation estimates based on ambient light conditions. In this study, 14 adult halibut (107-165 cm FL) were tagged and released with PSAT tags in and around Resurrection Bay, Alaska. Commercial fishermen recovered two tags, while five tags transmitted data to ARGOS satellites. Horizontal migration was not consistent among fish as three halibut remained in the vicinity of release while four traveled up to 358 km from the release site. Vertical migration was not consistent among fish and over time, but they spent most their time between 150-350 m. The minimum and maximum depths reached by any of the halibut were 2m and 502m, respectively. The fish preferred water temperatures of roughly 6 °C while experiencing ambient temperatures between 4.3 °C and 12.2 °C. Light attenuation with depth prevented existing geolocation software and light sensing hardware from accurately estimating geoposition, however, information from temperature, depth, ocean bathymetry, and pop-off locations provided inference on fish movement in the study area. PSAT tags were a viable tool for determining daily and seasonal behavior and identifying critical halibut habitat, which will aid fisheries managers in future decisions regarding commercial and sport fishing regulations. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"<i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill Trustee Council","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Seitz, A.C., Wilson, D., and Nielsen, J.L., 2002, Testing pop-up satellite tags as a tool for identifying critical habitat for Pacific halibut (<i>Hippoglossus stenolepis</i>) in the Gulf of Alaska, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341896,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342533,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.evostc.state.ak.us/index.cfm?FA=searchresults.projectInfo&Project_ID=445"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.357421875,\n              56.17002298293205\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.857421875,\n              56.17002298293205\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.857421875,\n              62.65396335371416\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.357421875,\n              62.65396335371416\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.357421875,\n              56.17002298293205\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"Final Report: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project 01478","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84cbe4b092b266f10df2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seitz, Andrew C.","contributorId":156324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seitz","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Derek","contributorId":178950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Derek","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186434,"text":"70186434 - 2002 - Abundance: Population size and density estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-28T12:47:01","indexId":"70186434","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Abundance: Population size and density estimation","docAbstract":"<div class=\"para\"><p>Estimates of population size (total number of individuals) or density (number of individuals per unit area) are some of the most basic requirements for wildlife research and management. This article provides a brief overview of approaches for wildlife population estimation. These include habitat-based approaches such as quadrat, line intercept, distance, and repeated count methods, as well as animal-based approaches such as capture–recapture and harvest methods. In contrast to methods that only index changes in these parameters, estimates of size or density must account for the probability that an individual will be included in the sample used for estimation. The essential differences in the approaches are in how the samples are obtained and how the sampling probabilities are estimated.</p></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, volume 1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9780470057339.vaa002","isbn":"9780470057339","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., and Gould, W., 2002, Abundance: Population size and density estimation, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, volume 1, v. 1, p. 4-11, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470057339.vaa002.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b3e4b09da67999779f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"El-Shaarawi, Abdel H.","contributorId":148056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"El-Shaarawi","given":"Abdel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688468,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piegorsch, Walter W.","contributorId":112670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piegorsch","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688469,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gould, William R.","contributorId":63780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70188494,"text":"70188494 - 2002 - The porcupine caribou herd","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70188494,"text":"70188494 - 2002 - The porcupine caribou herd","indexId":"70188494","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"3","title":"The porcupine caribou herd"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:04:40","indexId":"70188494","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"3","title":"The porcupine caribou herd","docAbstract":"<p>Documentation of the natural range of variation in ecological, life history, and physiological characteristics of caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) of the Porcupine caribou herd is a necessary base for detecting or predicting any potential effects of industrial development on the performance (e.g., distribution, demography, weight-gain of individuals) of the herd. To demonstrate an effect of development, post-development performance must differ from pre-development performance while accounting for any natural environmental trends.</p><p>We had 2 working hypotheses for our investigations: 1) performance of the Porcupine caribou herd was associated with environmental patterns and habitat quality, and 2) access to important habitats was a key influence on demography.</p><p>We sought to document the range of natural variation in habitat conditions, herd size, demography (defined here as survival and reproduction), sources and magnitude of mortality, distribution, habitat use, and weight gain and loss, and to develop an understanding of the interactions among these characteristics of the herd.</p><p>In addition, we investigated ways that we could use this background information, combined with auxiliary information from the adjacent Central Arctic caribou herd, to predict the direction and magnitude of any potential effects of industrial oil development in the 1002 Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge on Porcupine caribou herd calf survival on the herd's calving grounds during June.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Griffith, B., Douglas, D., Walsh, N.E., Young, D., McCabe, T.R., Russell, D.E., White, R.G., Cameron, R.D., and Whitten, K.R., 2002, The porcupine caribou herd: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3fe4b0764e6c65dca9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698001,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698002,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. 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,{"id":70188493,"text":"70188493 - 2002 - Land cover","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70188493,"text":"70188493 - 2002 - Land cover","indexId":"70188493","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Land cover"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T11:13:58","indexId":"70188493","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"2","title":"Land cover","docAbstract":"<p>Documenting the distribution of land-cover types on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge coastal plain is the foundation for impact assessment and mitigation of potential oil exploration and development. Vegetation maps facilitate wildlife studies by allowing biologists to quantify the availability of important wildlife habitats, investigate the relationships between animal locations and the distribution or juxtaposition of habitat types, and assess or extrapolate habitat characteristics across regional areas.</p><p>To meet the needs of refuge managers and biologists, satellite imagery was chosen as the most cost-effective method for mapping the large, remote landscape of the 1002 Area.</p><p>Objectives of our study were the following: 1) evaluate a vegetation classification scheme for use in mapping. 2) determine optimal methods for producing a satellite-based vegetation map that adequately met the needs of the wildlife research and management objectives; 3) produce a digital vegetation map for the Arctic Refuge coastal plain using Lands at-Thematic Mapper(TM) satellite imagery, existing geobotanical classifications, ground data, and aerial photographs, and 4) perform an accuracy assessment of the map.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Jorgenson, J.C., Joria, P.C., and Douglas, D.C., 2002, Land cover: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"7","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3fe4b0764e6c65dcab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697996,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697997,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. 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,{"id":70188490,"text":"70188490 - 2002 - Introduction","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70188490,"text":"70188490 - 2002 - Introduction","indexId":"70188490","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"1","title":"Introduction"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T11:13:49","indexId":"70188490","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"1","title":"Introduction","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Alaska is one of 16 refuges in Alaska and 539 refuges nationwide within the National Wildlife Refuge System administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. First established as the Arctic National Wildlife Range in 1960 by Public Land Order 2214, it initially had a three-fold purpose to preserve unique wildlife, wilderness, and recreation values on 8.9 million acres.</span></p><p><span>In 1980, the Arctic National Wildlife Range was expanded to the southwest and renamed the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (also called the Arctic Refuge in this report) when the U.S. Congress passed the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA), Public Law 96-487 (94 Stat. 2371). This legislation also designated almost all of the original Arctic National Wildlife Range as wilderness, and it directed the Secretary of the Interior to conduct studies evaluating both the biological resources and the potential petroleum reserves of 1.5 million acres (titled the 1002 Area) on the coastal plain of the Arctic Refuge.</span></p><p><span>In April 1982, the Arctic Refuge staff completed a report summarizing the then current state of knowledge on the fish, wildlife, and their habitats present on the coastal plain of the Arctic Refuge (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1982). From 1982 to 1985, field investigations of biological resources of the 1002 Area were carried out by a number of investigators, and annual reports summarized the results (Garner and Reynolds 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987). These reports and other resources were used to prepare a Department of the Interior report to Congress: </span><i><span>Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska Coastal Plain Resource Assessment - Report and Recommendation to the Congress of the United States and Final Environmental Impact Satement (Clough et al., 1987).</span></i></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"2002, Introduction: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"3","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3fe4b0764e6c65dcae","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697990,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697991,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. 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,{"id":70024253,"text":"70024253 - 2002 - Comparative contaminant toxicity: Are amphibian larvae more sensitive than fish?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T13:45:25","indexId":"70024253","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative contaminant toxicity: Are amphibian larvae more sensitive than fish?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-002-0098-2","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Bridges, C., Dwyer, F., Hardesty, D., and Whites, D., 2002, Comparative contaminant toxicity: Are amphibian larvae more sensitive than fish?: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 69, no. 4, p. 562-569, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-002-0098-2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"562","endPage":"569","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207189,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-002-0098-2"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f813e4b0c8380cd4ce7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, C.M.","contributorId":104652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardesty, D.K.","contributorId":43935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whites, D.W.","contributorId":52367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whites","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025001,"text":"70025001 - 2002 - Structural and tectonic setting of the Charleston, South Carolina, region: Evidence from the Tertiary stratigraphic record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T16:42:42.004527","indexId":"70025001","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural and tectonic setting of the Charleston, South Carolina, region: Evidence from the Tertiary stratigraphic record","docAbstract":"Eleven upper Eocene through Pliocene stratigraphic units occur in the subsurface of the region surrounding Charleston, South Carolina. These units contain a wealth of information concerning the long-term tectonic and structural setting of that area. These stratigraphic units have a mosaic pattern of distribution, rather than a simple layered pattern, because deposition, erosion, and tectonic warping have interacted in a complex manner through time. By generating separate structure-contour maps for the base of each stratigraphic unit, an estimate of the original basal surface of each unit can be reconstructed over wide areas. Changes in sea level over geologic time generate patterns of deposition and erosion that are geographically unique for the time of each transgression. Such patterns fail to persist when compared sequentially over time. In some areas, however, there has been persistent, repetitive net downward of upward movement over the past 34 m.y. These repetitive patterns of persistent motion are most readily attributable to tectonism. The spatial pattern of these high and low areas is complex, but it appears to correlate well with known tectonic features of the region. This correlation suggests that the tectonic setting of the Charleston region is controlled by scissors-like compression on a crustal block located between the north-trending Adams Run fault and the northwest-trending Charleston fault. Tectonism is localized in the Charleston region because it lies within a discrete hinge zone that accommodates structural movement between the Cape Fear arch and the Southeast Georgia embayment.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0024:SATSOT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Weems, R., and Lewis, W., 2002, Structural and tectonic setting of the Charleston, South Carolina, region: Evidence from the Tertiary stratigraphic record: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 114, no. 1, p. 24-42, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0024:SATSOT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.013427734375,\n              32.713355353177555\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.837646484375,\n              32.713355353177555\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.837646484375,\n              32.856518010109546\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.013427734375,\n              32.856518010109546\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.013427734375,\n              32.713355353177555\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bcce4b08c986b31d0c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, R.E.","contributorId":44920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, W.C.","contributorId":67124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024408,"text":"70024408 - 2002 - How often do fishes \"run on empty\"?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T17:02:44.324979","indexId":"70024408","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How often do fishes \"run on empty\"?","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used a large data set of African, Neotropical, and North American fishes to examine the frequency with which fishes have empty stomachs (</span><i>n</i><sub>species</sub><span>&nbsp;= 254;&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><sub>individuals</sub><span>&nbsp;= 36 875). Mean percentage of empty stomachs was low across all fishes (16.2 ± 1.2%) but varied from 0% to 79.4% among individual species. Nocturnal fishes had empty stomachs more frequently than diurnal fishes. Trophic classification was strongly associated with the percentage of empty stomachs, a pattern also revealed from an intraspecific analysis. Fishes appear to adjust their feeding intervals relative to the energy density, conversion efficiency, and particle size of their food. Piscivorous fishes seem to be the only trophic group that regularly experience long periods of empty stomachs, with species that consume prey whole and those that provide extended parental care having the highest proportions of empty stomachs. Activity patterns and life histories of some piscivorous species probably have evolved in partial response to energetic benefits of large, energy-rich food resources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2145:HODFRO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Arrington, D., Winemiller, K., Loftus, W., and Akin, S., 2002, How often do fishes \"run on empty\"?: Ecology, v. 83, no. 8, p. 2145-2151, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2145:HODFRO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2145","endPage":"2151","costCenters":[{"id":268,"text":"Everglades National Park Field Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3252e4b0c8380cd5e6f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arrington, D.A.","contributorId":41622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrington","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winemiller, K.O.","contributorId":103394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winemiller","given":"K.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Akin, S.","contributorId":12654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024501,"text":"70024501 - 2002 - Topography and geologic characteristics of aeolian grooves in the south polar layered deposits of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T14:33:14","indexId":"70024501","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topography and geologic characteristics of aeolian grooves in the south polar layered deposits of Mars","docAbstract":"<p>The topographic and geologic characteristics of grooves and groove-like features in the south polar layered deposits near the Mars Polar Lander/Deep Space 2 landing sites are evaluated using Mariner 9 images and their derived photoclinometry, normalized using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data. Although both Mariner 9 and Viking images of the south polar layered deposits were available at the time of this study, Mariner 9 images of the grooves were selected because they were generally of higher resolution than Viking images. The dimensions and slopes of the grooves, together with orientations that nearly match the strongest winds predicted in the Martian Global Circulation Model and directions inferred from other wind indicators, suggest that they formed by aeolian scour of an easily erodible surface. Most grooves are symmetric and V-shaped in transverse profile, inconsistent with an origin involving extensional brittle deformation. Although the grooves strike along slopes and terraces of the south polar layered deposits, the variable depths and lack of terracing within the grooves themselves indicate that any stratigraphy in the uppermost 100 m of the polar layered deposits is composed of layers of similar, and relatively low, resistance. The grooves do not represent landing hazards at the scale of the Mariner 9 images (72-86 m/pixel) and therefore probably would not have affected Mars Polar Lander and Deep Space 2, had they successfully reached the surface.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/icar.2001.6800","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Bridges, N., and Herkenhoff, K.E., 2002, Topography and geologic characteristics of aeolian grooves in the south polar layered deposits of Mars: Icarus, v. 156, no. 2, p. 387-398, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6800.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"398","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"156","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb4e8e4b08c986b3265fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, N.T.","contributorId":23673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024410,"text":"70024410 - 2002 - Calibration and temperature correction of heat dissipation matric potential sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T14:59:26.077942","indexId":"70024410","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration and temperature correction of heat dissipation matric potential sensors","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper describes how heat dissipation sensors, used to measure soil water matric potential, were analyzed to develop a normalized calibration equation and a temperature correction method. Inference of soil matric potential depends on a correlation between the variable thermal conductance of the sensor's porous ceramic and matric potential. Although this correlation varies among sensors, we demonstrate a normalizing procedure that produces a single calibration relationship. Using sensors from three sources and different calibration methods, the normalized calibration resulted in a mean absolute error of 23% over a matric potential range of −0.01 to −35 MPa. Because the thermal conductivity of variably saturated porous media is temperature dependent, a temperature correction is required for application of heat dissipation sensors in field soils. A temperature correction procedure is outlined that reduces temperature dependent errors by 10 times, which reduces the matric potential measurement errors by more than 30%. The temperature dependence is well described by a thermal conductivity model that allows for the correction of measurements at any temperature to measurements at the calibration temperature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2002.1439","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., Campbell, G.S., Ellett, K., and Calissendorff, C., 2002, Calibration and temperature correction of heat dissipation matric potential sensors: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 66, no. 5, p. 1439-1445, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2002.1439.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1439","endPage":"1445","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f30ee4b0c8380cd4b595","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, G. S.","contributorId":74795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellett, K. M.","contributorId":49439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellett","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calissendorff, C.","contributorId":98178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calissendorff","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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