{"pageNumber":"3012","pageRowStart":"75275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184733,"records":[{"id":70023844,"text":"70023844 - 2002 - Model Performance of Water-Current Meters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023844","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Model Performance of Water-Current Meters","docAbstract":"The measurement of discharge in natural streams requires hydrographers to use accurate water-current meters that have consistent performance among meters of the same model. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the performance of four models of current meters - Price type-AA, Price pygmy, Marsh McBirney 2000 and Swoffer 2100. Tests for consistency and accuracy for six meters of each model are summarized. Variation of meter performance within a model is used as an indicator of consistency, and percent velocity error that is computed from a measured reference velocity is used as an indicator of meter accuracy. Velocities measured by each meter are also compared to the manufacturer's published or advertised accuracy limits. For the meters tested, the Price models werer found to be more accurate and consistent over the range of test velocities compared to the other models. The Marsh McBirney model usually measured within its accuracy specification. The Swoffer meters did not meet the stringent Swoffer accuracy limits for all the velocities tested.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J., 2002, Model Performance of Water-Current Meters, in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 365-373.","startPage":"365","endPage":"373","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ba3e4b0c8380cd6f6d6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536512,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, J.M.","contributorId":27473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023834,"text":"70023834 - 2002 - Comparability and accuracy of fluvial-sediment data - A view from the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023834","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparability and accuracy of fluvial-sediment data - A view from the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The quality of historical fluvial-sediment data cannot be taken for granted, based on a review of upper Colorado River basin suspended-sediment discharges, and on an evaluation of the reliability of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) data. Additionally, the quality of future fluvial-sediment data are not assured. Sediment-surrogate technologies, including those that operate on acoustic, laser, bulk optic, digital optic, or pressure differential principles, are being used with increasing frequency to measure in-stream and (or) laboratory fluvial-sediment characteristics. Data from sediment-surrogate technologies may yield results that differ significantly from those obtained by traditional methods for the same sedimentary conditions. Development of national sediment data-quality criteria and rigorous comparisons of data derived from sediment-surrogate technologies to those obtained by traditional techniques will minimize the potential for future fluvial-sediment data-quality concerns.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., Glysson, G., and Mueller, D.S., 2002, Comparability and accuracy of fluvial-sediment data - A view from the U.S. Geological Survey, in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 919-924.","startPage":"919","endPage":"924","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f80de4b0c8380cd4ce5e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536508,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. R.","contributorId":63372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glysson, G.D.","contributorId":16430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, D. S.","contributorId":51338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023832,"text":"70023832 - 2002 - Raw materials and technology fuel U.S. economic growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023832","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Raw materials and technology fuel U.S. economic growth","docAbstract":"In 1900, the average U.S. citizen's average life span was 47 years. He traveled about 1,900 km (1,200 miles) in a lifetime and resided in a home with an icebox for food storage and oil or gas for lighting. He communicated by mail, telegraph and crude telephones with limited availability and range. By 2000, the average citizen's life span was 77 years. He traveled an average of 19,000 km/a (12,000 miles/ year) by automobile alone. He resided in a home with many electrical appliances, including refrigerators and electric lights. And the communicated almost instantaneously with any other part of the globe by several widely available means, including portable phones and e-mail. Technology, the application of knowledge about the Earth's materials, their extraction and fabrication into products, helped create this change. Throughout the 20th century, the United States was a leader in technology. Automobiles, refrigerators, electric lighting, telephones and personal computers are only a few examples of the products invented and improved or further developed by American technology (National Academy of Engineering, 2000).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Kelly, T., 2002, Raw materials and technology fuel U.S. economic growth: Mining Engineering, v. 54, no. 12, p. 17-21.","startPage":"17","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9557e4b0c8380cd81962","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, T.D.","contributorId":34297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023831,"text":"70023831 - 2002 - McCauley Sinks: A compound breccia pipe in evaporite karst, Holbrook Basin, Arizona, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023831","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1184,"text":"Carbonates and Evaporites","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"McCauley Sinks: A compound breccia pipe in evaporite karst, Holbrook Basin, Arizona, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The McCauley Sinks, in the Holbrook basin of northeastern Arizona, are comprised of some 50 individual sinkholes within a 3-km-wide depression. The sinks are grouped in a semi-concentric pattern of three nested rings. The outer ring is an apparent tension zone containing ring fractures. The two inner rings are semi-circular chains of large sinkholes, ranging up to 100 m across and 50 m deep. Several sub-basins within the larger depression show local downwarping and possible incipient sinkholes. Permian Kaibab Formation limestone is the principal surface lithology; the limestone here is less than 15 m thick and is near its easternmost limit. Although surface rillenkarren are present, and the sinks are seen in the Kaibab limestone outcrops, the Kaibab is mainly a passive rock unit that has collapsed into solution cavities developed in underlying salt beds. Beneath the Kaibab is Coconino Sandstone, which overlies the Permian Schnebly Hill Formation, the unit containing the evaporite rocks-principally halite in the Corduroy Member. Evaporite karst in this part of the Holbrook basin is quite different from the eastern part, probably because of the westward disappearance of the Holbrook anticline, a structure that has major joint systems that help channel water down to the salt beds farther to the east. Also, the McCauley Sinks are near the western limits of the evaporites. The structure at McCauley Sinks suggests a compound breccia pipe, with multiple sinks contributing to the inward-dipping major depression. The Richards Lake depression, 5 km southeast of McCauley Sinks, is similar in form and size but contains only a single, central sinkhole. An apparent difference in hydrogeology at McCauley Sinks is their proximity to the adjacent, deeply incised, Chevelon Canyon drainage, but the hydrologic connections are unknown. The 3-km-wide McCauley Sinks karst depression, along with five other nearby depressions, provide substantial hydrologic catchment. Because of widespread piping into karst features and jointed bedrock at shallow depth, runoff water does not pond easily at the surface. There appears to be a greater recharge efficiency here than in alluvial areas; thus concern exists for groundwater users downgradient from the karst area. Accordingly, sinkholes and open fissures should not be used for waste disposal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Carbonates and Evaporites","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08912556","usgsCitation":"Neal, J., and Johnson, K., 2002, McCauley Sinks: A compound breccia pipe in evaporite karst, Holbrook Basin, Arizona, U.S.A: Carbonates and Evaporites, v. 17, no. 2, p. 98-106.","startPage":"98","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52aee4b0c8380cd6c5d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, J.T.","contributorId":39550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023826,"text":"70023826 - 2002 - Routine low-level monitoring of polar pesticides and pesticide degradates by HPLC/ESI-MS: Evaluating long-term performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023826","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Routine low-level monitoring of polar pesticides and pesticide degradates by HPLC/ESI-MS: Evaluating long-term performance","docAbstract":"The sensitivity and selective determination of polar pesticides were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). The effects of multiple operators and instruments on method performance were evaluated using 440 pairs of fortified reagent-water and blank reagent-water samples. The influence of varying environmental matrices on recovery and precision were also analyzed using 200 fortified ambient water samples and duplicate ambient water samples. The results show that compound stability in filtered water was matrix-, chemical class- and compound-dependent which ranged from 1 day to 2 weeks.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrmetry and Allied Topics","conferenceTitle":"Porceedings - 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics","conferenceDate":"2 June 2002 through 6 June 2002","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E., Martin, J., Werner, S., and Gates, P.M., 2002, Routine low-level monitoring of polar pesticides and pesticide degradates by HPLC/ESI-MS: Evaluating long-term performance, in Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrmetry and Allied Topics, Orlando, FL, 2 June 2002 through 6 June 2002, p. 651-652.","startPage":"651","endPage":"652","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaeade4b0c8380cd8716f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":40609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, S.L.","contributorId":82734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gates, Paul M.","contributorId":31411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023804,"text":"70023804 - 2002 - Examples of landscape indicators for assessing environmental conditions and problems in urban and suburban areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023804","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Examples of landscape indicators for assessing environmental conditions and problems in urban and suburban areas","docAbstract":"Geo-indicators can help to assess environmental conditions in city urban and suburban areas. Those indicators should be meaningful for understanding environmental changes. From examples of Spanish and American cities, geo-indicators for assessing environmental conditions and changes in urban and suburban areas are proposed. The paper explore two types of geo-indicators. The first type presents general information that can be used to indicate the presence of a broad array of geologic conditions, either favouring or limiting various kinds of uses of the land. The second type of geo-indicator is the one most commonly used, and as a group most easily understood; these are site and problem specific and they are generally used after a problem is identified. Among them, watershed processes, seismicity and physiographic diversity are explained in more detail. A second dimension that is considered when discussing geo-indicators is the issue of scale. Broad scale investigations, covering extensive areas are only efficient at cataloguing general conditions common to much of the area or some outstanding feature within the area. This type of information is best used for policy type decisions. Detailed scale investigations can provide information about local conditions, but are not efficient at cataloguing vast areas. Information gathered at the detailed level is necessary for project design and construction.","largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Architecture Series","conferenceTitle":"Second International Conference on Urban regeneration and Sustainability, SUSTAINABLE CITY II","conferenceDate":"3 July 2002 through 5 July 2002","conferenceLocation":"Segovia","language":"English","issn":"13681435","usgsCitation":"Martin-Duque, J., Godfrey, A., Diez, A., Cleaves, E., Pedraza, J., Sanz, M., Carrasco, R., and Bodoque, J., 2002, Examples of landscape indicators for assessing environmental conditions and problems in urban and suburban areas, in Advances in Architecture Series, v. 14, Segovia, 3 July 2002 through 5 July 2002, p. 467-476.","startPage":"467","endPage":"476","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d9fe4b0c8380cd530f9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brebbia, C.A.","contributorId":111480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brebbia","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508742,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin-Duque, J.F.","contributorId":111985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin-Duque","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508743,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wadhwa, L.C.","contributorId":112729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wadhwa","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508744,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Martin-Duque, J. F.","contributorId":74910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin-Duque","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godfrey, A.","contributorId":60413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godfrey","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diez, A.","contributorId":38738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diez","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleaves, E.","contributorId":49564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleaves","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pedraza, J.","contributorId":68071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedraza","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanz, M.A.","contributorId":28774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanz","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carrasco, R.M.","contributorId":39979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrasco","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bodoque, J.","contributorId":70149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodoque","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70023803,"text":"70023803 - 2002 - Latest Guadalupian (Middle Permian) conodonts and foraminifers from West Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023803","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latest Guadalupian (Middle Permian) conodonts and foraminifers from West Texas","docAbstract":"Clarkina, which characterizes Upper Permian (Lopingian Series) strata, evolved from Jinogondolella altudaensis in the Delaware basin of West Texas as demonstrated by transitional continuity. The West Texas section is significantly more complete in the uppermost Guadalupian interval than that of the probable GSSP reference section in South China, and clarifies the phylogenetic relationships among other conodont taxa as well. Jinogondolella granti clearly evolved into J. artafrons new species, both characterized by Pa elements with a distinctive fused carina. Representatives of Jinogondolella crofti are limited to the uppermost part of the altudaensis zone, and are interpreted as terminal paedomorphs. The associated foraminifer (non-fusulinid) fauna has some species in common with Zechstein faunas, possibly presaging the evaporitic basin that would develop following this latest Guadalupian marine deposition in West Texas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/48.4.343","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Lambert, L., Wardlaw, B.R., Nestell, M., and Nestell, G., 2002, Latest Guadalupian (Middle Permian) conodonts and foraminifers from West Texas: Micropaleontology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 343-364, https://doi.org/10.2113/48.4.343.","startPage":"343","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207371,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/48.4.343"},{"id":232270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4579e4b0c8380cd67350","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambert, L.L.","contributorId":23722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nestell, M.K.","contributorId":44296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nestell","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nestell, G.P.","contributorId":59584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nestell","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015019,"text":"1015019 - 2002 - Tag retention and survival of Age-0 Atlantic salmon following surgical implantation with passive integrated transponder tags","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T15:47:54.234239","indexId":"1015019","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tag retention and survival of Age-0 Atlantic salmon following surgical implantation with passive integrated transponder tags","docAbstract":"

We evaluated an alternative to using hypodermic needles to implant passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in the body cavities of juvenile salmonids. We used surgical techniques to place PIT tags into the body cavities of 3,037 age-0 Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and then held fish under hatchery conditions for 9 months. Tag retention was 99.8% (six fish lost tags), and survival was 94.3% (174 fish died) after controlling for initial mortality (0.7%). A single tagger was able to tag 80–100 fish per hour. Surgically implanting PIT tags into the body cavities of age-0 Atlantic salmon proved to be a viable alternative to using hypodermic needles.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022%3C0219:TRASOA%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gries, G., and Letcher, B., 2002, Tag retention and survival of Age-0 Atlantic salmon following surgical implantation with passive integrated transponder tags: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 1, p. 219-222, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022%3C0219:TRASOA%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686fbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gries, G.","contributorId":64604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gries","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85938,"text":"85938 - 2002 - Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) perspective: Part A. Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","indexId":"85938","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"3A","title":"Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) perspective: Part A. Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70187856,"text":"70187856 - 2002 - Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) perspective: Part B. Food limitation and the recovery of sea otters following the Exxon Valdez oil spill","indexId":"70187856","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"3B","title":"Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) perspective: Part B. Food limitation and the recovery of sea otters following the Exxon Valdez oil spill"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70187857,"text":"70187857 - 2002 - Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) perspective: Part C. Trophic linkages among sea otters and bivalve prey in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in the aftermath of the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Implications for community models in sedimentary habitats","indexId":"70187857","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"3C","title":"Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) perspective: Part C. Trophic linkages among sea otters and bivalve prey in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in the aftermath of the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Implications for community models in sedimentary habitats"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":70187859,"text":"70187859 - 2002 - Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) perspective: Harlequin duck population recovery following the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Progress, process, and constraints","indexId":"70187859","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"4","title":"Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) perspective: Harlequin duck population recovery following the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Progress, process, and constraints"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-11T16:03:58","indexId":"70188451","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"

The 1989 spill of some 42 million L of crude oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska, represents not only the largest tanker spill in United States history, but the world’s largest spill in northern waters. Acute effects have been studied extensively. However, efforts to quantify the spill’s long-term chronic effects and develop defensible restoration measures have been plagued by varying levels of scientific uncertainty. That such uncertainty exists is not unexpected. The spill occurred in Prince William Sound’s highly variable physical setting typified by its complex oceanography and fjord-like geomorphology. Additionally, uncertainty was driven by the scarcity of precise pre-spill population estimates and spotty life-history information for most species. The research reported herein in, structured in eight primary papers and 27 supporting papers (appendices), documents the state of recovery and assessments of continuing constraints to population recovery for four vertebrate predators (sea otter Enhydra lutris, harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus, river otter Lontra canadensis, and pigeon guillemot Cepphus columba) whose recovery status remained uncertain some 5 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. These species are used in a collective weight of evidence approach to better understand the process of coastal community recovery. Each species is examined for the strength of information it brings in health, population, and trophic metrics to support or reject the hypothesis of continuing oil effects in the nearshore system versus the alternatives that food constraints or demographic bottlenecks limit these focal species. While data for individual species contain various levels of uncertainty, scientific confidence is developed in the following picture when examined across species, metric, and hypothesis: Within the nearshore coastal environment, sporadic releases of residual oil are occurring, and benthic species, primarily invertebrates, are being exposed in a temporally and spatially patchy manner sufficient to transport oil up through the food chain. Thus, for the two invertebrate-feeders, sea otter and harlequin duck, evidence exists over several lines of investigation to suggest that local-scale populations continue to be constrained not by food availability or natural demographic processes, but by increased levels of mortality coincident with continued exposure to residual oil. Conversely, weight of evidence suggests that only limited direct oil-related effects are being transferred through the fish trophic pathway. Sufficient evidence suggests recovery is occurring in river otter populations, while the lack of recovery in pigeon guillemot may be attributed to food limitations (both natural and indirectly related to the spill) and/or slow demographic response to initial acute mortalities. Individual lines of investigation often contained uncertainty, but the collective weight of evidence presented in this multipaper volume indicates lack of full recovery of the nearshore ecosystem from the Exxon Valdez oil spill nearly a decade following the event. Integrated, multispecies approaches can allow sufficient weight of evidence to develop despite inherent system variability or data limitations and, thus, facilitate both better societal understanding of such pollution events and development of appropriate restoration responses.

","language":"English","publisher":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"2002, Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, v. 1, 1095 p.","productDescription":"1095 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342355,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.evostc.state.ak.us/index.cfm?FA=searchresults.projectInfo&Project_ID=630"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.150390625,\n 59.72594656451894\n ],\n [\n -146.7279052734375,\n 59.72594656451894\n ],\n [\n -146.7279052734375,\n 60.98376689595989\n ],\n [\n -149.150390625,\n 60.98376689595989\n ],\n [\n -149.150390625,\n 59.72594656451894\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","publicComments":"Final Report: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project 99025 (Volume 1)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593e3c99e4b0764e6c61b832","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Holland-Bartels, Leslie E. lholland-bartels@usgs.gov","contributorId":222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland-Bartels","given":"Leslie","email":"lholland-bartels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697825,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015018,"text":"1015018 - 2002 - A night seining technique for sampling juvenile Atlantic salmon in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T16:10:26.14566","indexId":"1015018","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A night seining technique for sampling juvenile Atlantic salmon in streams","docAbstract":"

For many studies of the population dynamics, growth, and movement of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, it is necessary to resample tagged individuals multiple times. However, common sampling techniques such as electrofishing can have negative effects on fish survival and growth, especially when individuals are repeatedly sampled. We describe an alternative to electrofishing that involves sampling at night with small, one-person seines. Juvenile Atlantic salmon in a small brook were tagged with passive integrated transponder tags and sampled 15 times by means of night seining, day electrofishing, and day seining techniques. Capturing juvenile Atlantic salmon by day seining was inefficient, resulting in a capture probability estimate of 0.18. The mean capture probability estimate was 0.45 during night seining samples and 0.78 during electrofishing samples. The total number of age-0 Atlantic salmon captured via night seining increased 4.5 times after fish attained a mean fork length of just over 60 mm. A much greater number of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta were captured in electrofishing samples than in night seining samples. Night seining may prove useful when electrofishing is impractical, when threatened or endangered species exist, or when multiple recaptures of individuals are desired.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022%3C0595:ANSTFS%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gries, G., and Letcher, B., 2002, A night seining technique for sampling juvenile Atlantic salmon in streams: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 2, p. 595-601, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022%3C0595:ANSTFS%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"601","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Whately","otherGeospatial":"West Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.71249771118164,\n 42.41217770289301\n ],\n [\n -72.61636734008789,\n 42.41217770289301\n ],\n [\n -72.61636734008789,\n 42.456394245096185\n ],\n [\n -72.71249771118164,\n 42.456394245096185\n ],\n [\n -72.71249771118164,\n 42.41217770289301\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6aba99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gries, G.","contributorId":64604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gries","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014951,"text":"1014951 - 2002 - Survival of stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon: Effects of life history variation, season, and age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T16:22:33.951534","indexId":"1014951","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon: Effects of life history variation, season, and age","docAbstract":"

To determine seasonal and age-class variation in the abundance and survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, we conducted multiple samplings of individually tagged juveniles in a small stream (West Brook, Massachusetts). We also estimated the differences in survival and probability of smolting for mature and immature parr. Survival was approximately twofold lower during winter as compared with summer and was higher for fish in their first winter than for fish in their second winter. Parr maturation rates were high (50% of all fish) and peaked in September. The estimated numbers of mature and immature fish were equal for the March samples preceding the smolt run, indicating no overall differences in survival between mature and immature fish during stream residence. Age-2 mature fish were one-third as likely to smolt as immature fish, however, resulting in survival probabilities (from March to smoltification) of 0.22 for mature fish and 0.61 for immature fish. Approximately one-third of the fish captured in the smolt trap were estimated as mature during previous sampling, and virtually all of the age-2 fish remaining in the stream following the smolt run were previously mature. We found no differences in gill Na+, K+ ATPase activity between previously mature smolts and immature smolts, but activity was significantly higher in March for fish that later smolted than for those that did not.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131%3C0838:SOSDAS%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., Gries, G., and Juanes, F., 2002, Survival of stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon: Effects of life history variation, season, and age: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 5, p. 838-854, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131%3C0838:SOSDAS%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"838","endPage":"854","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"West Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.66134262084961,\n 42.410656808584484\n ],\n [\n -72.62529373168945,\n 42.410656808584484\n ],\n [\n -72.62529373168945,\n 42.4308056651462\n ],\n [\n -72.66134262084961,\n 42.4308056651462\n ],\n [\n -72.66134262084961,\n 42.410656808584484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"131","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gries, G.","contributorId":64604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gries","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Juanes, F.","contributorId":19510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juanes","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024444,"text":"70024444 - 2002 - Seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of North America and adjacent oceanic basins: A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T12:44:42.112559","indexId":"70024444","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of North America and adjacent oceanic basins: A synthesis","docAbstract":"

We present a new set of contour maps of the seismic structure of North America and the surrounding ocean basins. These maps include the crustal thickness, whole-crustal average P-wave and S-wave velocity, and seismic velocity of the uppermost mantle, that is, Pn and Sn. We found the following: (1) The average thickness of the crust under North America is 36.7 km (standard deviation [s.d.] ±8.4 km), which is 2.5 km thinner than the world average of 39.2 km (s.d. ± 8.5) for continental crust; (2) Histograms of whole-crustal P- and S-wave velocities for the North American crust are bimodal, with the lower peak occurring for crust without a high-velocity (6.9–7.3 km/sec) lower crustal layer; (3) Regions with anomalously high average crustal P-wave velocities correlate with Precambrian and Paleozoic orogens; low average crustal velocities are correlated with modern extensional regimes; (4) The average Pn velocity beneath North America is 8.03 km/sec (s.d. ± 0.19 km/sec); (5) the well-known thin crust beneath the western United States extends into north-west Canada; (6) the average P-wave velocity of layer 3 of oceanic crust is 6.61 km/sec (s.d. ± 0.47 km/sec). However, the average crustal P-wave velocity under the eastern Pacific seafloor is higher than the western Atlantic seafloor due to the thicker sediment layer on the older Atlantic seafloor.

","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120010188","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Chulick, G., and Mooney, W.D., 2002, Seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of North America and adjacent oceanic basins: A synthesis: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 6, p. 2478-2492, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010188.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2478","endPage":"2492","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.75,\n 7.013667927566642\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -66.796875,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -49.5703125,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -53.61328124999999,\n 54.16243396806779\n ],\n [\n -65.21484375,\n 60.84491057364912\n ],\n [\n -78.75,\n 67.60922060496382\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 69.59589006237648\n ],\n [\n -129.55078125,\n 71.07405646336098\n ],\n [\n -148.0078125,\n 71.01695975726373\n ],\n [\n -155.390625,\n 71.80141030136785\n ],\n [\n -166.81640625,\n 68.5924865825295\n ],\n [\n -168.92578125,\n 65.36683689226321\n ],\n [\n -164.8828125,\n 60.673178565817715\n ],\n [\n -159.9609375,\n 55.27911529201561\n ],\n [\n -153.10546875,\n 55.57834467218206\n ],\n [\n -147.12890625,\n 59.085738569819505\n ],\n [\n -138.69140625,\n 57.98480801923985\n ],\n [\n -130.25390625,\n 49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n -127.265625,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -125.68359374999999,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -118.828125,\n 28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n -111.97265625,\n 21.616579336740603\n ],\n [\n -104.58984375,\n 16.636191878397664\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 12.897489183755892\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 8.059229627200192\n ],\n [\n -79.453125,\n 4.915832801313164\n ],\n [\n -78.75,\n 7.013667927566642\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b68e4b08c986b3177e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chulick, G.S.","contributorId":72161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chulick","given":"G.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024204,"text":"70024204 - 2002 - Further considerations of the Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce plot in volcanology and tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-20T14:19:18.88373","indexId":"70024204","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Further considerations of the Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce plot in volcanology and tectonics","docAbstract":"

A plot of Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce, for locality averages, effectively separates mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) (Ce/Yb <10, Ba/Ce 1-4.2), oceanic island volcanics (OIV) (Ce/Yb >10, Ba/Ce <6), which are generally hotspot related, and island arc volcanics (IAV) (Ce/Yb <23, Ba/Ce >4.2). The conventional interpretation is that these three types of volcanic environments involve oceanic rift-related, large-volume partial melts (˜20-30%) of a depleted source (MORB), small volume melts (˜5% for alkalic volcanics) of enriched sources related to plumes (OIV), and melts of hydrous-enriched sources during subduction, especially for Ba (IAV). Three OIV sites, however, have average ratios that fall in the MORB field (e.g., Krafla Volcano, Iceland), and these localities also tend to have other geochemical data similar to MORB. Average ratios of Hawaiian tholeiitic shield basalts of Mauna Kea and Koolau volcanoes occupy a restricted field on a plot of Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce of 10-18 for Ce/Yb and 2.8-3.1 for Ba/Ce, a field toward which other shield basalts and cone-building volcanics regress. In general, post-shield alkalic rocks have higher values of Ce/Yb than do tholeiites. Peralkalic basalts (basanites, melilitites, and phonolites) have even higher values of Ce/Yb, reflecting smaller degrees of partial melting (perhaps 1-2%) and melting of sources containing phlogopite that were enriched by CO2-dominated fluids. The minor post-erosion nephelinitic suites of Hawaii (e.g., the Honolulu Series on Oahu, and the Koloa suite on Kauai) generally have values both greater than IAV for Ce/Yb and greater than other kinds of OIV for Ba/Ce in a part of the plot previously not found to be occupied by data. Alkali basalts of both these nephelinitic series have the lowest and similar ratios (Ce/Yb ˜ 25; Ba/Ce ˜ 10). In the Hawaiian Islands, there are two trends. One (a), where phlogopite has been interpreted to remain in the source, generally has Ba/Ce decrease away from the alkali basalts as Ce/Yb increases. The other (b), where phlogopite has been interpreted to enter the melt, occupies a field that is high in both Ce/Yb (>30) relative to IAV and in Ba/Ce (>8) relative to the OIV field.

There are some exceptions, also, for IAV that plot outside the IAV field. The values of Ce/Yb in Mariana Islands samples, for example, are exceptionally low for the IAV (Ce/Yb <5 with many samples <2). Examples of two cross-chain Kasuga Islands, however, have average values of Ce/Yb considerably greater than for any other Mariana Islands data, and individual samples extend from within the IAV field into the OIV field, which may indicate a mixture of IAV and OIV sources (rather than involvement of a hotspot, these island volcanics have been interpreted as magma of OIV entrapped \"plums\" in an IAV \"pudding\" by Stern et al., 1993).

Not surprisingly, continental arc volcanics (CAV) are generally similar to IAV, but with somewhat greater dispersion in Ce/Yb, perhaps representing a larger contribution of continental materials to the volcanics. Continental rift volcanics (CRV) are complex. The Antarctic rift data fall in the OIV field, and clearly define a hotspot origin for the rift with little contamination in the continental lithosphere, but most CRV data fall in the IAV field (Rio Grande rift tholeiites, Yellowstone Plateau basalts, Columbia River basalts, East African rift basalts). The Yellowstone basalt samples judged to be least crustally contaminated from other considerations (e.g., through Pb and Sr isotopes) approach closest to the OIV or hotspot field in the Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce plot, compatible with a hotspot origin with variable continental lithosphere interactions. The data from the Rio Grande rift have no such trend in Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce. Other trace element and isotopic data are suggestive of a different kind of origin, perhaps melting in the continental lithosphere from pressure release or other causes as suggested in the literature.

Carbonatites, kimberlites, and ultrapotassic rocks form extreme end members for the peralkalic rocks on the continents with Ce/Yb values in the hundreds and even exceeding 1,000 in natrocarbonatite. Carbonatites and kimberlite type I, however, have Ba/Ce <8 with few exceptions. Ultrapo tassic rocks and kimberlite type II also have Ce/Yb values in the hundreds but with Ba/Ce >9. These rocks, although rare in the ocean basins (e.g., carbonatite on São Vicente Island in the Cape Verdes archipelago, Indian Ocean) plot similarly to their continental cousins. For Hawaii, the nephelinitic suites of both the Honolulu and Koloa series trend from alkali and alkali olivine basalt ratios toward higher signatures for Ce/Yb for other rock types. The Honolulu series, however, progresses towards smaller values of Ba/Ce for nephelinite-melilitite (Ce/Yb ˜ 85; Ba/Ce ˜ 5-7) near the low end of Ce/Yb found in carbonatite/kimberlite type I, whereas the Koloa series progresses toward higher Ba/Ce (Ce/Yb ˜ 65; Ba/Ce ˜ 14-15) for nephelinite-melilitite with Ce/Yb values near the lower end of kimberlite type II/ultrapotassic rocks. Carbonated phlogopitic sources have been proposed for peralkalic rocks of both oceans and continents. Carbonatites and/or kimberlites are suggested to possibly be present at depth under the Hawaiian nephelinitic series and in other OIV environments containing peralkalic suites.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.44.10.877","usgsCitation":"Doe, B.R., 2002, Further considerations of the Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce plot in volcanology and tectonics: International Geology Review, v. 44, no. 10, p. 877-912, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.44.10.877.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"912","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1422e4b0c8380cd5490f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doe, Bruce R.","contributorId":87554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024094,"text":"70024094 - 2002 - Variation in foraging behavior and body mass in broods of Emperor Geese (Chen canagica): Evidence for interspecific density dependence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T20:11:25","indexId":"70024094","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in foraging behavior and body mass in broods of Emperor Geese (Chen canagica): Evidence for interspecific density dependence","docAbstract":"

Broods of geese spend time feeding according to availability and quality of food plants, subject to inherent foraging and digestive constraints. We studied behavioral patterns of broods of Emperor Geese (Chen canagica) on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, and examined how feeding and alert behavior varied in relation to habitat and goose density. During 1994–1996, time spent feeding by Emperor Goose goslings and adult females was positively related to multispecies goose densities near observation blinds, and not to just Emperor Goose density. Similarly, body mass of Emperor Goose goslings was more strongly related (negatively) to multispecies goose densities than intraspecific densities. A grazing experiment in 1995 indicated that most above ground primary production by Carex subspathacea, a preferred food plant, was consumed by grazing geese. Those results demonstrate that interspecific competition for food occurred, with greatest support for goslings whose behavioral repertoire is limited primarily to feeding, digesting, and resting. Although the more abundant Cackling Canada Geese (Branta canadensis minima) differed from Emperor Geese in their preferred use of habitats during brooding rearing (Schmutz 2001), the two species occurred in equal abundance in habitats preferred by Emperor Goose broods. Thus, Cackling Canada Geese were a numerically significant competitor with Emperor Geese. Comparing these results to an earlier study, time spent feeding by goslings, adult females, and adult males were greater during 1993–1996 than during 1985–1986. During the interval between those studies, densities of Cackling Canada Geese increased two to three times whereas Emperor Goose numbers remained approximately stable, which implies that interspecific competition affected foraging behavior over a long time period. These density-dependent changes in foraging behavior and body mass indicate that interspecific competition affects nutrient acquisition and gosling growth, which has a demonstrated effect (Schmutz 1993) on juvenile survival of Emperor Geese. Management of Emperor Geese should consider interspecific relations and densities of all goose species occurring on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0996:VIFBAB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., and Laing, K., 2002, Variation in foraging behavior and body mass in broods of Emperor Geese (Chen canagica): Evidence for interspecific density dependence: The Auk, v. 119, no. 4, p. 996-1009, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0996:VIFBAB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"996","endPage":"1009","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc158e4b08c986b32a523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laing, K.K.","contributorId":34685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laing","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024442,"text":"70024442 - 2002 - Persistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears collected from northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024442","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears collected from northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Blubber samples from ringed seal (Phoca hispida; n=8) and polar bear subcutaneous fat (Ursus maritimus; n=5) were collected near Barrow, Alaska in 1996 as part of the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) and retained in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland (USA). The samples were analyzed for a variety of persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), chlordane and metabolites, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and DDTs and metabolites. The geometric mean, on a wet mass basis, of ??PCBs (sum of 29 congeners and congener groups) were 732??282 ng/g (1 S.D.) in seals and 3395??1442 ng/g in polar bears. The geometric mean of ??DDTs, ??HCHs (??-, ??- and ??- HCH) and HCB concentrations (wet mass basis) in seals and bears were 562??261 ng/g vs. 74.8??39 ng/g, 380??213 ng/g vs. 515 ng/g, and 17.4??10.1 ng/g vs. 183??153 ng/g, respectively. The geometric mean sum of chlordane (??chlordane, sum of cis- and trans-chlordane, cis- and trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide) and dieldrin concentrations in ringed seals and polar bears were 753??617 ng/g vs. 720??315 ng/g and 38.6??22.8 ng/g vs. 130??65 ng/g, respectively. Apparent bioaccumulation factors (polar bear/ringed seal POP concentrations) were lower in the animals sampled near Barrow, Alaska than in those from locations in the Canadian Arctic. This suggests that polar bears are also preying on marine mammals from lower trophic levels than the ringed seals with correspondingly lower organochlorine levels, such as bowhead whale carcasses. PCB congener patterns in the samples demonstrated the metabolism of certain PCB congeners in the polar bear relative to the ringed seal in agreement with previous studies. Regional comparisons of animals collected in Alaska and Arctic Canada are presented. Copyright ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00997-4","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Kucklick, J., Struntz, W., Becker, P., York, G., O'Hara, T., and Bohonowych, J., 2002, Persistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears collected from northern Alaska: Science of the Total Environment, v. 287, no. 1-2, p. 45-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00997-4.","startPage":"45","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207087,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00997-4"},{"id":231695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"287","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76fde4b0c8380cd783d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kucklick, J.R.","contributorId":66446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucklick","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Struntz, W.D.J.","contributorId":11381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Struntz","given":"W.D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Becker, P.R.","contributorId":101035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"York, G.W.","contributorId":105474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Hara, T. M.","contributorId":64610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Hara","given":"T. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohonowych, J.E.","contributorId":65250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohonowych","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70024342,"text":"70024342 - 2002 - Sequence stratigraphic and sedimentologic significance of biogenic structures from a late Paleozoic marginal- to open-marine reservoir, Morrow Sandstone, subsurface of southwest Kansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70024342","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequence stratigraphic and sedimentologic significance of biogenic structures from a late Paleozoic marginal- to open-marine reservoir, Morrow Sandstone, subsurface of southwest Kansas, USA","docAbstract":"Integrated ichnologic, sedimentologic, and stratigraphic studies of cores and well logs from Lower Pennsylvanian oil and gas reservoirs (lower Morrow Sandstone, southwest Kansas) allow distinction between fluvio-estuarine and open marine deposits in the Gentzler and Arroyo fields. The fluvio-estuarine facies assemblage is composed of both interfluve and valley-fill deposits, encompassing a variety of depositional environments such as fluvial channel, interfluve paleosol, bay head delta, estuary bay, restricted tidal flat, intertidal channel, and estuary mouth. Deposition in a brackish-water estuarine valley is supported by the presence of a low diversity, opportunistic, impoverished marine ichnofaunal assemblage dominated by infaunal structures, representing an example of a mixed, depauperate Cruziana and Skolithos ichnofacies. Overall distribution of ichnofossils along the estuarine valley was mainly controlled by the salinity gradient, with other parameters, such as oxygenation, substrate and energy, acting at a more local scale. The lower Morrow estuarine system displays the classical tripartite division of wave-dominated estuaries (i.e. seaward-marine sand plug, fine-grained central bay, and sandy landward zone), but tidal action is also recorded. The estuarine valley displays a northwest-southeast trend, draining to the open sea in the southeast. Recognition of valley-fill sandstones in the lower Morrow has implications for reservoir characterization. While the open marine model predicts a \"layer-cake\" style of facies distribution as a consequence of strandline shoreline progradation, identification of valley-fill sequences points to more compartmentalized reservoirs, due to the heterogeneity created by valley incision and subsequent infill. The open-marine facies assemblage comprises upper, middle, and lower shoreface; offshore transition; offshore; and shelf deposits. In contrast to the estuarine assemblage, open marine ichnofaunas are characterized by a high diversity of biogenic structures representing the activity of a benthic fauna developed under normal salinity conditions. Trace fossil and facies analyses allow environmental subdivision of the shoreface-offshore successions and suggest deposition in a weakly storm-affected nearshore area. An onshore-offshore replacement of the Skolithos ichnofacies by the Cruziana ichnofacies is clearly displayed. The lower Morrow fluvio-estuarine valley was incised during a drop of sea level coincident with the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian transition, but was mostly filled during a subsequent transgression. The transgressive nature of the estuarine infill is further indicated by the upward replacement of depauperate brackish-water trace fossil assemblages by the open-marine Cruziana ichnofacies. Additional stratal surfaces of allostratigraphic significance identified within the estuary include the bayline surface, the tidal ravinement surface, the wave ravinement surface, and a basinwide flooding surface recording inundation of the valley interfluves. A younger sequence boundary within the lower Morrow is also recorded in the Gentzler field at the base of a forced regression shoreface, demarcated by the firmground Glossifungites ichnofacies, indicating a rapid basinward facies migration during a sea-level drop. Trace fossil models derived from the analysis of Mesozoic and Cenozoic reservoirs are generally applicable to the study of these late Paleozoic reservoirs. Pennsylvanian brackish-water facies differ ichnologically from their post-Paleozoic counterparts, however, in that they have: (1) lower trace fossil diversity, (2) lower degree of bioturbation, (3) scarcity of crustacean burrows, (4) absence of firmground suites, and (5) absence of ichnotaxa displaying specific architectures designed to protect the tracemaker from salinity fluctuations. Morrow open-marine ichnofaunas closely resemble their post-Paleozoic equivalents. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00287-1","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Buatois, L., Mangano, M., Alissa, A., and Carr, T., 2002, Sequence stratigraphic and sedimentologic significance of biogenic structures from a late Paleozoic marginal- to open-marine reservoir, Morrow Sandstone, subsurface of southwest Kansas, USA: Sedimentary Geology, v. 152, no. 1-2, p. 99-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00287-1.","startPage":"99","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207010,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00287-1"},{"id":231541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d4ae4b08c986b318321","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buatois, L.A.","contributorId":40740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buatois","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangano, M.G.","contributorId":7432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangano","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alissa, A.","contributorId":39546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alissa","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, T.R.","contributorId":37094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023880,"text":"70023880 - 2002 - Potential for restoration of the Roanoke River population of Atlantic sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70023880","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for restoration of the Roanoke River population of Atlantic sturgeon","docAbstract":"The Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) was historically abundant within Albemarie Sound and the Roanoke River in North Carolina, but declined dramatically in the late 1800s in response to intensive fishing. Recent evidence suggests that the population may be recovering, following a statewide prohibition on harvest in 1991. A recruitment index generally increased from 1992 through 2001. Estuarine habitat for juveniles appears to be suitable, resulting in mean growth rates for age 1 fish ranging from 0.59 to 0.81 mm day-1. A restoration goal of 7000-21 000 subadult and adult Atlantic sturgeon was developed for the Roanoke River, based on historical landings records. Bycatch mortality because of commercial gill-netting in Albermarle Sound could affect recovery. Telemetry and netting data indicate that juvenile Atlantic sturgeon in the sound are most abundant in shallow nearshore areas where commercial gill-netting is concentrated. However, immediate mortality rates from survey and commercial gill-netting in Albemarle Sound were only 0-2%. Additional field studies are needed to refine estimates of immediate- and longer-term mortality associated with gill-net bycatch.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00389.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, J., and Hightower, J., 2002, Potential for restoration of the Roanoke River population of Atlantic sturgeon: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 18, no. 4-6, p. 475-480, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00389.x.","startPage":"475","endPage":"480","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00389.x"},{"id":231590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f16e4b0c8380cd7a8f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, J.L.","contributorId":51056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hightower, J.E.","contributorId":16605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023876,"text":"70023876 - 2002 - The unionid (Bivalvia) fauna of the Sipsey River in northwestern Alabama, an aquatic hotspot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T16:06:48","indexId":"70023876","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":735,"text":"American Malacological Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The unionid (Bivalvia) fauna of the Sipsey River in northwestern Alabama, an aquatic hotspot","docAbstract":"

Recent surveys for unionid bivalves were conducted in the mainstem of the Sipsey River and headwater tributaries (Tombigbee River drainage) during the summer and autumn of 1996-1999. A total of 35 species and 22 genera were found. Museum records from the upper Sipsey, based largely on the efforts of H. H. Smith during 1910-11, raised the total number of recorded unionids in the Sipsey to 42. Smith documented 25 species in the river; however, most of his collections were made in the mid- to upper-Sipsey, which has lower diversity. The three most common recently observed species in descending order of abundance were Quadrula asperata (I. Lea, 1861), Pleurobema decisum (I. Lea, 1831), and Tritogonia verrucosa (Rafinesque, 1820). Federally listed species observed recently include Lampsilis perovalis (Conrad, 1834) (threatened), Medionidus acutissimus (I. Lea, 1831) (threatened), P. decisum (endangered), P. perovatum (Conrad, 1834) (endangered), and Potamilus inflatus (I. Lea, 1831) (threatened). Species not observed recently but recorded in prior surveys include Anodontoides radiatus (Conrad, 1834), Arcidens confragosus (Say, 1829), Plectomerus dombeyanus (Valenciennes, 1827), Q. metanevra (Rafinesque, 1820), Q. stapes (I. Lea, 1831) (federally endangered), P. taitianum (I. Lea, 1834) (federally endangered), and Toxolasma parvus (Barnes, 1823). Many, species are known recently or historically by only five or fewer recorded specimens including: A. radiatus, Elliptio arctata (Conrad, 1834), Ligumia recta (Lamarck, 1819), P. taitianum, P. inflatus, Q. aspera (Lea, 1831), Q. metanevra, Q. stapes, T. parvus, Truncilla donaciformis (I. Lea, 1828), Uniomerus tetralasmus (Say, 1831), Utterbackia imbecillis (Say, 1829), A. confragosus, and P. dombeyanus. Unlike the mussel fauna of most Alabama streams, that of the Sipsey River is still relatively intact in terms of species richness despite impacts from mining, silvicultural, and agricultural activities. A concerted effort should be made to provide guidelines to manage floodplain and watershed activities to avoid future adverse impacts on this aquatic hotspot.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Malacological Union","issn":"07402783","usgsCitation":"McCullagh, W.H., Williams, J.D., McGregor, S.W., Pierson, J.M., and Lydeard, C., 2002, The unionid (Bivalvia) fauna of the Sipsey River in northwestern Alabama, an aquatic hotspot: American Malacological Bulletin, v. 17, no. 1-2, p. 1-15.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340480,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/173085#page/287/mode/1up"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb14de4b08c986b3252bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCullagh, W. Henry","contributorId":107062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCullagh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, James D.","contributorId":17690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGregor, Stuart W.","contributorId":191449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGregor","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pierson, J. Malcom","contributorId":38734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Malcom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lydeard, Charles","contributorId":83831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lydeard","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023935,"text":"70023935 - 2002 - Whirling disease among snake river cutthroat trout in two spring streams in Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023935","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whirling disease among snake river cutthroat trout in two spring streams in Wyoming","docAbstract":"We assessed endemic age-0 cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki for evidence of pathology associated with Myxobolus cerebralis in two streams formed by springs in western Wyoming. We hypothesized that the location of spawning sites in spring streams would affect the extent of exposure of cutthroat trout fry to M. cerebralis triactinomyxons (tams), occurrence of the parasite in their bodies, and clinical signs of whirling disease. The spring streams were warm relative to nearby streams flowing from the mountains or spawning and emergence of fry was early compared with fish in mountain streams. Tams were abundant early in the summer and clinical signs of whirling disease among age-0 fish were seen as early as mid-June in one stream. There were high densities of tams in one stream, and densities declined with upstream progression from May through July, whereas in the other stream, low densities of tams were observed in the downstream portion early in the summer, and they were not detected in July and August. Age-0 cutthroat trout were abundant; clinical signs of whirling disease were evident, and histological evidence of whirling disease was common in the stream where tams were abundant. Low densities of age-0 cutthroat trout and no clinical signs of whirling disease were observed in the stream where tams were not abundant. Among sentinel fish in the stream with abundant tams, we found extensive occurrence of M. cerebralis, with many fish showing clinical signs and histological evidence of pathology associated with M. cerebralis. The proportion of sentinel fish with clinical and histological signs of whirling disease decreased with upstream progression. In the stream with low tam, densities sentinel fish became infected with M. cerebralis, but there were essentially no clinical signs or histological indications of whirling disease. ?? 2002 by the American Fisheries Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Hubert, W., Joyce, M.P., Gipson, R., Zafft, D., Money, D., Hawk, D., and Taro, B., 2002, Whirling disease among snake river cutthroat trout in two spring streams in Wyoming: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2002, no. 29, p. 181-193.","startPage":"181","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2002","issue":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd065e4b08c986b32ee21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joyce, M. P.","contributorId":34292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyce","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gipson, R.","contributorId":85359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gipson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zafft, D.","contributorId":93662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zafft","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Money, D.","contributorId":7040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Money","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hawk, D.","contributorId":38736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawk","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taro, B.","contributorId":88527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taro","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70024055,"text":"70024055 - 2002 - Rediscovery of Enders's small-eared shrew, Cryptotis endersi (Insectivora: Soricidae), with a redescription of the species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024055","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2653,"text":"Mammalian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rediscovery of Enders's small-eared shrew, Cryptotis endersi (Insectivora: Soricidae), with a redescription of the species","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mammalian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1078/1616-5047-00052","issn":"16165047","usgsCitation":"Pine, R.H., Woodman, N., and Timm, R.M., 2002, Rediscovery of Enders's small-eared shrew, Cryptotis endersi (Insectivora: Soricidae), with a redescription of the species: Mammalian Biology, v. 67, no. 6, p. 372-377, https://doi.org/10.1078/1616-5047-00052.","startPage":"372","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478704,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1808/4473","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207114,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1616-5047-00052"},{"id":231759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3b4e4b0e8fec6cdb931","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pine, R. H.","contributorId":32636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pine","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodman, N. 0000-0003-2689-7373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":104176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Timm, R. M.","contributorId":92376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timm","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024165,"text":"70024165 - 2002 - Initial poststocking mortality, oxytetracycline marking, and year-class contribution of black-nosed crappies stocked into Tennessee reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024165","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initial poststocking mortality, oxytetracycline marking, and year-class contribution of black-nosed crappies stocked into Tennessee reservoirs","docAbstract":"Initial poststocking mortality, oxytetracycline mark persistence, and year-class contribution were evaluated for black-nosed crappies, a morphological variant of the black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, stocked into Tennessee reservoirs during 1997-1999. Average initial poststocking mortality was low (x?? = 13%, N = 44). Lake temperature and the difference between lake and hauling tank water temperatures were significant in explaining variability in arcsine-transformed mortality estimates; however, the variability explained by these factors was low (R2 = 0.15). Oxytetracycline immersion was a highly effective marking tool; 97-100% of all crappies treated were marked, and 99% of the marks were visible 36-110 weeks after marking. All control otoliths were correctly scored as unmarked during the evaluation, and mortality rates did not differ between marked and unmarked crappies. Year-class contribution was variable across reservoirs and was highest in Normandy Reservoir (34-93% at ages 1-3). Contribution at ages 1 and 2 was 11-24% in Woods Reservoir. Stocking did not supplement the crappie population in Lake Graham. Black-nosed crappies made up a significant portion (>50%) of the crappies harvested by anglers in Center Hill Reservoir 3 years after stocking was initiated. Conversely, black-nosed crappies made up a relatively small percentage (???12%) of the crappies harvested in Cherokee Reservoir in the 4 years after initial stocking.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1399:IPMOMA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Isermann, D., Bettoli, P., Sammons, S., and Churchill, T., 2002, Initial poststocking mortality, oxytetracycline marking, and year-class contribution of black-nosed crappies stocked into Tennessee reservoirs: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1399-1408, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1399:IPMOMA>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1399","endPage":"1408","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207098,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1399:IPMOMA>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":231722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3be6e4b0c8380cd628ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isermann, D.A.","contributorId":33480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isermann","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettoli, P.W.","contributorId":80606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sammons, S.M.","contributorId":88513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sammons","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Churchill, T.N.","contributorId":12233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churchill","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024314,"text":"70024314 - 2002 - Seismic determination of saturation in fractured reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70024314","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3325,"text":"SPE Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic determination of saturation in fractured reservoirs","docAbstract":"Detecting the saturation of a fractured reservoir using shear waves is possible when the fractures have a geometry that induces a component of movement perpendicular to the fractures. When such geometry is present, vertically traveling shear waves can be used to examine the saturation of the fractured reservoir. Tilted, corrugated, and saw-tooth fracture models are potential examples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SPE Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1086055X","usgsCitation":"Brown, R., Wiggins, M., and Gupta, A., 2002, Seismic determination of saturation in fractured reservoirs: SPE Journal, v. 7, no. 3, p. 237-242.","startPage":"237","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8afce4b08c986b3174fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R.L.","contributorId":107014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiggins, M.L.","contributorId":55999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiggins","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gupta, A.","contributorId":63992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024454,"text":"70024454 - 2002 - Assessment of injury to fish and wildlife resources in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:51:56","indexId":"70024454","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of injury to fish and wildlife resources in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern, USA","docAbstract":"This article is the second in a series of three that describes the results of a Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) conducted in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern (IHAOC). The assessment area is located in northwest Indiana and was divided into nine reaches to facilitate the assessment. This component of the NRDA was undertaken to determine if fish and wildlife resources have been injured due to exposure to contaminants that are associated with discharges of oil or releases of other hazardous substances. To support this assessment, information was compiled on the chemical composition of sediment and tissues; on the toxicity of whole sediments, pore water, and elutriates to fish; on the status of fish communities; and on fish health. The data on each of these indicators were compared to regionally relevant benchmarks to assess the presence and extent of injury to fish and wildlife resources. The results of this assessment indicate that injury to fish and wildlife resources has occurred throughout the assessment area, with up to five distinct lines of evidence demonstrating injury within the various reaches. Based on the frequency of exceedance of the benchmarks for assessing sediment and tissue chemistry data, total polychlorinated biphenyls is the primary bioaccumulative contaminant of concern in the assessment area. It is important to note, however, that this assessment was restricted by the availability of published bioaccumulation-based sediment quality guidelines, tissue residue guidelines, and other benchmarks of sediment quality conditions. The availability of chemistry data for tissues also restricted this assessment in certain reaches of the assessment area. Furthermore, insufficient information was located to facilitate identification of the substances that are causing or substantially contributing to effects on fish (i.e., sediment toxicity, impaired fish health, or impaired fish community structure). Therefore, substances not included on the list of COCs cannot necessarily be considered to be of low priority with respect to sediment injury (e.g., metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, organochlorine pesticides, phthalates, dioxins, and furans, etc.).","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-001-0053-y","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D., Ingersoll, C., Smorong, D., Lindskoog, R., Sparks, D.W., Smith, J., Simon, T., and Hanacek, M., 2002, Assessment of injury to fish and wildlife resources in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern, USA: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 43, no. 2, p. 130-140, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-001-0053-y.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478697,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.504.6930","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207066,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-001-0053-y"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee3be4b0c8380cd49c3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, D.D.","contributorId":41986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smorong, D.E.","contributorId":31155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smorong","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindskoog, R.A.","contributorId":91659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskoog","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sparks, D. W.","contributorId":99926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, J.R.","contributorId":43942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simon, T.P.","contributorId":75465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hanacek, M.A.","contributorId":12651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanacek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70023958,"text":"70023958 - 2002 - A first generation cytogenetic ideogram for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) based on multiple chromosome banding techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023958","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1889,"text":"Hereditas","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A first generation cytogenetic ideogram for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) based on multiple chromosome banding techniques","docAbstract":"Detailed chromosome studies were conducted for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) utilizing primary chromosome banding techniques (G- and Q-banding). Digital microscopic imaging methods were employed and a standard G-banded karyotype was constructed for both sexes. Based on chromosome banding patterns and measurements obtained in these studies, a standard karyotype and ideogram are proposed. Characterization of additional cytogenetic features of this species by supplemental chromosome banding techniques, C-banding (constitutive heterochromatin), Ag-NOR staining (nucleolar organizer regions), and DA/DAPI staining, was also performed. These studies provide detailed cytogenetic data for T. manatus latirostris, which could enhance future genetic mapping projects and interspecific and intraspecific genomic comparisons by techniques such as zoo-FISH.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hereditas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1034/j.1601-5223.2002.01657.x","issn":"00180661","usgsCitation":"Gray, B., Zori, R.T., McGuire, P., and Bonde, R., 2002, A first generation cytogenetic ideogram for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) based on multiple chromosome banding techniques: Hereditas, v. 137, no. 3, p. 215-223, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5223.2002.01657.x.","startPage":"215","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206995,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5223.2002.01657.x"},{"id":231520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3dbe4b0c8380cd4626c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, B.A.","contributorId":54950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zori, Roberto T.","contributorId":71515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zori","given":"Roberto","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, P.M.","contributorId":80624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023889,"text":"70023889 - 2002 - Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio- Studies (TRUTHS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023889","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio- Studies (TRUTHS)","docAbstract":"The Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio- Studies (TRUTHS) mission offers a novel approach to the provision of key scientific data with unprecedented radiometric accuracy for Earth Observation (EO) and solar studies, which will also establish well-calibrated reference targets/standards to support other EO missions. This paper will present the TRUTHS mission and its objectives. TRUTHS will be the first satellite mission to calibrate its instrumentation directly to SI in orbit, overcoming the usual uncertainties associated with drifts of sensor gain and spectral shape by using an electrical rather than an optical standard as the basis of its calibration. The range of instruments flown as part of the payload will also provide accurate input data to improve atmospheric radiative transfer codes by anchoring boundary conditions, through simultaneous measurements of aerosols, particulates and radiances at various heights. Therefore, TRUTHS will significantly improve the performance and accuracy of Earth observation missions with broad global or operational aims, as well as more dedicated missions. The provision of reference standards will also improve synergy between missions by reducing errors due to different calibration biases and offer cost reductions for future missions by reducing the demands for on-board calibration systems. Such improvements are important for the future success of strategies such as Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) and the implementation and monitoring of international treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol. TRUTHS will achieve these aims by measuring the geophysical variables of solar and lunar irradiance, together with both polarised and un-polarised spectral radiance of the Moon, and the Earth and its atmosphere.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites VI","conferenceDate":"23 September 2002 through 26 September 2002","conferenceLocation":"Agia Pelagia, Crete","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.462438","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Fox, N., Aiken, J., Barnett, J., Briottet, X., Carvell, R., Frohlich, C., Groom, S., Hagolle, O., Haigh, J., Kieffer, H.H., Lean, J., Pollock, D., Quinn, T., Sandford, M., Schaepman, M., Shine, K., Schmutz, W., Teillet, P., Thome, K.J., Verstraete, M., and Zalewski, E., 2002, Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio- Studies (TRUTHS), in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4881, Agia Pelagia, Crete, 23 September 2002 through 26 September 2002, p. 395-406, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.462438.","startPage":"395","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.462438"},{"id":231745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4881","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb685e4b08c986b326cfa","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fujisada H.Lurie J.B.Aten M.L.Weber K.","contributorId":128398,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Fujisada H.Lurie J.B.Aten M.L.Weber K.","id":536520,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fox, N.","contributorId":90905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, J.","contributorId":100152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnett, J.J.","contributorId":66021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briottet, X.","contributorId":80860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briottet","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carvell, R.","contributorId":58050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carvell","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frohlich, C.","contributorId":30400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frohlich","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Groom, S.B.","contributorId":45484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groom","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hagolle, O.","contributorId":90906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagolle","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Haigh, J.D.","contributorId":61209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haigh","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kieffer, H. 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