{"pageNumber":"3016","pageRowStart":"75375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184742,"records":[{"id":70023847,"text":"70023847 - 2002 - Topographic stress perturbations in southern Davis Mountains, west Texas 2. Hydrogeologic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:35:07.687181","indexId":"70023847","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topographic stress perturbations in southern Davis Mountains, west Texas 2. Hydrogeologic implications","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of a regional groundwater investigation, geophysical logs were obtained in two municipal water wells located near the west Texas city of Alpine. These boreholes are 252 and 285 m deep and penetrate extrusive rocks of Tertiary age. The deeper well was drilled in the central valley and the other along the northern flank of an east-west trending valley-ridge setting. Analysis and interpretation of the logs reveal that the two wells are subjected to significantly different stress environments because of topographic effects and exhibit significantly different hydrogeologic properties. Water production is associated with two specific types of features common to both wells: (1) the upper and lower contacts of a dense trachyte unit located in the shallow part of the wells and (2) deeper zones of highly fractured rocks within the interior of a basalt formation. The transmissivity of the trachyte boundaries is twice as large in the central valley well as it is in the ridge flank well, whereas the transmissivity of the deeper basalts is an order of magnitude greater in the flank well than it is in the central well. This discrepancy is examined from the perspective of rock failure, fracture opening, and flow enhancement by computing values for a Drucker-Prager stability factor that is based on the magnitudes of the normal and deviatoric stress invariants as a function of depth. Thus the field measurements and subsequent stress analysis offer evidence of a coupled tectonic-hydrologic interaction at this site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000488","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., and Savage, W.Z., 2002, Topographic stress perturbations in southern Davis Mountains, west Texas 2. Hydrogeologic implications: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B12, p. ETG 6-1-ETG 6-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000488.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"ETG 6-1","endPage":"ETG 6-10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"southern Davis Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.0899658203125,\n              30.016787209111047\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.590087890625,\n              30.016787209111047\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.590087890625,\n              30.458144351018078\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0899658203125,\n              30.458144351018078\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0899658203125,\n              30.016787209111047\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb4dce4b08c986b3265b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025075,"text":"70025075 - 2002 - Environmental contaminants in prey and tissues of the peregrine falcon in the Big Bend Region, Texas, USA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T15:40:31.395016","indexId":"70025075","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contaminants in prey and tissues of the peregrine falcon in the Big Bend Region, Texas, USA.","docAbstract":"<p>Peregrine falcons (<i>Falco peregrinus</i>) have been recorded nesting in Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA and other areas of the Chihuahuan Desert since the early 1900s. From 1993 to 1996, peregrine falcon productivity rates were very low and coincided with periods of low rainfall. However, low productivity also was suspected to be caused by environmental contaminants. To evaluate potential impacts of contaminants on peregrine falcon populations, likely avian and bat prey species were collected during 1994 and 1997 breeding seasons in selected regions of western Texas, primarily in Big Bend National Park. Tissues of three peregrine falcons found injured or dead and feathers of one live fledgling also were analyzed. Overall, mean concentrations of DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene], a metabolite of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane], were low in all prey species except for northern rough-winged swallows (<i>Stelgidopteryx serripennis</i>, mean = 5.1 microg/g ww). Concentrations of mercury and selenium were elevated in some species, up to 2.5 microg/g dw, and 15 microg/g dw, respectively, which upon consumption could seriously affect reproduction of top predators. DDE levels near 5 microg/g ww were detected in carcass of one peregrine falcon found dead but the cause of death was unknown. Mercury, selenium, and DDE to some extent, may be contributing to low reproductive rates of peregrine falcons in the Big Bend region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00207-X","usgsCitation":"Mora, M., Skiles, R., McKinney, B., Paredes, M., Buckler, D., Papoulias, D., and Klein, D., 2002, Environmental contaminants in prey and tissues of the peregrine falcon in the Big Bend Region, Texas, USA.: Environmental Pollution, v. 116, no. 1, p. 169-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00207-X.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"176","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Big Bend National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.6505126953125,\n              28.950475674848008\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.8045654296875,\n              28.950475674848008\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.8045654296875,\n              29.597341920567366\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.6505126953125,\n              29.597341920567366\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.6505126953125,\n              28.950475674848008\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09b2e4b0c8380cd52012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mora, M.","contributorId":51513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skiles, R.","contributorId":51075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skiles","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKinney, B.","contributorId":57639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paredes, M.","contributorId":33503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paredes","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buckler, D.","contributorId":33900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckler","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Papoulias, D. 0000-0002-5106-2469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":33886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Klein, D.","contributorId":36933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70023845,"text":"70023845 - 2002 - American lifelines alliance efforts to improve electric power transmission reliability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023845","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"American lifelines alliance efforts to improve electric power transmission reliability","docAbstract":"A study was performed on American Lifelines Alliance (ALA) efforts to improve electric power transmission reliability. ALA is a public-private partnership project, with the goal of reducing risks to lifelines from natural hazards and human threat events. The mechanism used by ALA for developing national guidelines for lifeline systems is dependent upon using existing Standards Developing Organizations (SDO) accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as means to achieve national consensus.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Conference: Electrical Transmission in a New Age","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Conference: Electrical Transmission in a New Age","conferenceDate":"9 September 2002 through 9 December 2002","conferenceLocation":"Omaha, NE","language":"English","isbn":"0784406421","usgsCitation":"Nishenko, S., Savage, W., Honegger, D., and McLane, T., 2002, American lifelines alliance efforts to improve electric power transmission reliability, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Conference: Electrical Transmission in a New Age, Omaha, NE, 9 September 2002 through 9 December 2002, p. 403-410.","startPage":"403","endPage":"410","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9b4e4b0c8380cd483d1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jackman D.E.Jackman D.E.","contributorId":128311,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Jackman D.E.Jackman D.E.","id":536513,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nishenko, S.P.","contributorId":8072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishenko","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W.U.","contributorId":25258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Honegger, D.G.","contributorId":17401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honegger","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLane, T.R.","contributorId":101848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLane","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70184473,"text":"70184473 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70184473,"text":"70184473 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)","indexId":"70184473","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5224225,"text":"5224225 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001","indexId":"5224225","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5224225,"text":"5224225 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001","indexId":"5224225","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T17:48:38","indexId":"70184473","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)","docAbstract":"<p>I continue to band before and after work and all day on weekends on my two and a half acres along the Patuxent River gorge between highway 1-95 and the Laurel city limits. Our kids have long since flown the coop, so I have no one to run the station when I am out of town; thus, I miss some of the best flight days. The chief changes in habitat over the years have been replacement of pines by young deciduous growth, loss of dogwoods in the mature deciduous forest, and gradual replacement of lawn by shrubbery. To explore changes in fall migration patterns, I compared my banding totals for the first five years of systematic fall banding with those of the most recent five years. By coincidence the totals were nearly identical: 2175 birds in 1973-1977 and 2169 in 1997-2001. However, my net hour totals were vastly different: 9124 in the first five years compared with 26,284 for the current period. It took nearly 2.9 times the effort to catch the same number of birds I used to band. Next year, my 30<sup>th</sup>, I'll be checking to see which species I am losing and which are maintaining their numbers.</p><p>I had 35 returns of a dozen species, but all were either summer, winter, or permanent residents. The oldest this time was only four years old, a Gray Catbird. Eleven transients repeated on a subsequent day. The one longest in residence was a Gray-cheeked Thrush that l captured 10 times in 17 days; it weighed 31.0 g when banded and reached a maximum of 51.7 g 13 days later. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., 2002, Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765): North American Bird Bander, v. 27, no. 3, p. 100-100.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Prince George's County","city":"Laurel","volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277dde4b014cc3a3e76e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025097,"text":"70025097 - 2002 - Productivity responses of Acer rubrum and Taxodium distichum seedlings to elevated CO2 and flooding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025097","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity responses of Acer rubrum and Taxodium distichum seedlings to elevated CO2 and flooding","docAbstract":"Elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 are expected to increase photosynthetic rates of C3 tree species, but it is uncertain whether this will result in an increase in wetland seedling productivity. Separate short-term experiments (12 and 17 weeks) were performed on two wetland tree species, Taxodium distichum and Acer rubrum, to determine if elevated CO2 would influence the biomass responses of seedlings to flooding. T. distichum were grown in replicate glasshouses (n = 2) at CO2 concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm, and A. rubrum were grown in growth chambers at CO2 concentrations of 422 or 722 ppm. Both species were grown from seed. The elevated CO2 treatment was crossed with two water table treatments, flooded and non-flooded. Elevated CO2 increased leaf-level photosynthesis, whole-plant photosynthesis, and trunk diameter of T. distichum in both flooding treatments, but did not increase biomass of T. distichum or A. rubrum. Flooding severely reduced biomass, height, and leaf area of both T. distichum and A. rubrum. Our results suggest that the absence of a CO2-induced increase in growth may have been due to an O2 limitation on root production even though there was a relatively deep (??? 10 cm) aerobic soil surface in the non-flooded treatment. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00244-5","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Vann, C., and Megonigal, J., 2002, Productivity responses of Acer rubrum and Taxodium distichum seedlings to elevated CO2 and flooding: Environmental Pollution, v. 116, no. SUPPL. 1, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00244-5.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209532,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00244-5"},{"id":236095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8df6e4b0c8380cd7ef31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vann, C.D.","contributorId":51951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vann","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Megonigal, J.P.","contributorId":22545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Megonigal","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024506,"text":"70024506 - 2002 - September-March survival of female northern pintails radiotagged in San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-04T17:23:30.156553","indexId":"70024506","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"September-March survival of female northern pintails radiotagged in San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>To improve understanding of pintail ecology, we radiotagged 191 hatch-year (HY) and 228 after-hatch-year (AHY) female northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV), and studied their survival throughout central California, USA, during September-March, 1991-1994. We used adjusted Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) values to contrast known-fate models and examine variation in survival rates relative to year, interval, wintering region (AJV, other central California), pintail age, body mass at capture, capture date, capture area, and radio type. The best-fitting model included only interval x year and age x body mass; the next 2 best-fitting models also included wintering region and capture date. Hunting caused 83% of the mortalities we observed, and survival was consistently lower during hunting than nonhunting intervals. Nonhunting and hunting mortality during early winter was highest during the 1991-1992 drought year. Early-winter survival improved during the study along with habitat conditions in the Grassland Ecological Area (EA), where most radiotagged pintails spent early winter. Survival was more closely related to body mass at capture for HY than AHY pintails, even after accounting for the later arrival (based on capture date) of HY pintails, suggesting HY pintails are less adept at improving their condition. Thus, productivity estimates based on harvest age ratios may be biased if relative vulnerability of HY and AHY pintails is assumed to be constant because fall body condition of pintails may vary greatly among years. Cumulative winter survival was 75.6% (95% CI = 68.3% to 81.7%) for AHY and 65.4% (56.7% to 73.1%) for HY female pintails. Daily odds of survival in the cotton-agriculture landscape of the SJV were -21.3% (-40.3% to +3.7%) lower than in the rice-agriculture landscape of the Sacramento Valley (SACV) and other central California areas. Higher hunting mortality may be 1 reason pintails have declined more in SJV than in SACV.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803154","usgsCitation":"Fleskes, J.P., Jarzen, D., and Gilmer, D.S., 2002, September-March survival of female northern pintails radiotagged in San Joaquin Valley, California: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 66, no. 3, p. 901-911, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803154.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"901","endPage":"911","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.10278320312499,\n              35.110921809704756\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.751220703125,\n              35.85343961959182\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.39941406249999,\n              36.86204269508728\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.355224609375,\n              37.82280243352756\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.201171875,\n              38.85682013474361\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.607666015625,\n              39.7240885773337\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.84936523437499,\n              40.212440718286466\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95922851562501,\n              40.63896734381723\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54150390625,\n              40.6306300839918\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.73925781250001,\n              40.29628651711716\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64038085937499,\n              39.49556336059472\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16796875,\n              38.74551518488265\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9482421875,\n              38.13455657705411\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.387939453125,\n              37.80544394934271\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.77270507812499,\n              37.23907530202184\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.36621093749999,\n              36.61552763134925\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.201416015625,\n              35.951329861522666\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.718017578125,\n              35.39800594715108\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.300537109375,\n              34.994003757575776\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.10278320312499,\n              35.110921809704756\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d44e4b08c986b31830a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarzen, D.M.","contributorId":53538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarzen","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilmer, David S.","contributorId":59508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023856,"text":"70023856 - 2002 - The 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska: Monitoring a distant eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023856","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska: Monitoring a distant eruption","docAbstract":"Shishaldin Volcano, in the central Aleutian volcanic arc, became seismically restless during the summer of 1998. Increasing unrest was monitored using a newly installed seismic network, weather satellites, and rare local visual observations. The unrest culminated in large eruptions on 19 April and 22-23 April 1999. The opening phase of the 19 April eruption produced a sub-Plinian column that rose to 16 km before rapidly dissipating. About 80 min into the 19 April event we infer that the eruption style transitioned to vigorous Strombolian fountaining. Exceptionally vigorous seismic tremor heralded the 23 April eruption, which produced a large thermal anomaly observable by satellite, but only a modest, 6-km-high plume. There are no ground-based visual observations of this eruption; however we infer that there was renewed, vigorous Strombolian fountaining. Smaller low-level ash-rich plumes were produced through the end of May 1999. The lava that erupted was evolved basalt with about 49% SiO2. Subsequent field investigations have been unable to find a distinction between deposits from each of the two major eruptive episodes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-002-0225-2","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Nye, C., Keith, T.E., Eichelberger, J., Miller, T.P., McNutt, S., Moran, S., Schneider, D., Dehn, J., and Schaefer, J., 2002, The 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska: Monitoring a distant eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 64, no. 8, p. 507-519, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-002-0225-2.","startPage":"507","endPage":"519","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207144,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-002-0225-2"},{"id":231819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba641e4b08c986b320fd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nye, C.J.","contributorId":42734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eichelberger, J.C.","contributorId":46277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichelberger","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McNutt, S.R.","contributorId":26722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moran, S.","contributorId":39972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schneider, D.J.","contributorId":12997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dehn, J.","contributorId":36731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dehn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schaefer, J.R.","contributorId":48785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70025109,"text":"70025109 - 2002 - Assessing browse trend at the landscape level Part 2: Monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025109","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3230,"text":"Rangelands","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing browse trend at the landscape level Part 2: Monitoring","docAbstract":"In Part 1, we assessed browse trend across a wide geographic area of Mt. Haggin Wildlife Management Area by conducting surveys of browsing-related architectures. Those data were qualitative. Below we describe the periodic collection of quantitative data from permanently marked locations; we refer to this phase of the trend assessment program as \"monitoring.\" Trend was monitored by three methods: 1 Repeat photography. 2 Comparison of the height of live stems with the height of stems killed by browsing (LD Index). 3 Net annual stem growth rate (NAGRL3). The photography provides an assessment of trend from the comparison of photographs taken at intervals of a few years. The LD Index and NAGRL3 measurements provide an immediate assessment of trend.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangelands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01900528","usgsCitation":"Keigley, R., Frisina, M., and Fager, C., 2002, Assessing browse trend at the landscape level Part 2: Monitoring: Rangelands, v. 24, no. 3, p. 34-38.","startPage":"34","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edcee4b0c8380cd499fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keigley, R.B.","contributorId":85115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keigley","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisina, M.R.","contributorId":23095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisina","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fager, C.W.","contributorId":30950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fager","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023848,"text":"70023848 - 2002 - Measurement of the bed material of gravel-bed rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023848","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measurement of the bed material of gravel-bed rivers","docAbstract":"The measurement of the physical properties of a gravel-bed river is important in the calculation of sediment transport and physical habitat values for aquatic animals. These properties are not always easy to measure. One recent report on flushing of fines from the Klamath River did not contain information on one location because the grain size distribution of the armour could not be measured on a dry river bar. The grain size distribution could have been measured using a barrel sampler and converting the measurements to the same as would have been measured if a dry bar existed at the site. In another recent paper the porosity was calculated from an average value relation from the literature. The results of that paper may be sensitive to the actual value of porosity. Using the bulk density sampling technique based on a water displacement process presented in this paper the porosity could have been calculated from the measured bulk density. The principle topics of this paper are the measurement of the size distribution of the armour, and measurement of the porosity of the substrate. The 'standard' method of sampling of the armour is to do a Wolman-type count of the armour on a dry section of the river bed. When a dry bar does not exist the armour in an area of the wet streambed is to sample and the measurements transformed analytically to the same type of results that would have been obtained from the standard Wolman procedure. A comparison of the results for the San Miguel River in Colorado shows significant differences in the median size of the armour. The method use to determine the porosity is not 'high-tech' and there is a need improve knowledge of the porosity because of the importance of porosity in the aquatic ecosystem. The technique is to measure the in-situ volume of a substrate sample by measuring the volume of a frame over the substrate and then repeated the volume measurement after the sample is obtained from within the frame. The difference in the volumes is the volume of the sample.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R., 2002, Measurement of the bed material of gravel-bed rivers, <i>in</i> Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 470-486.","startPage":"470","endPage":"486","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a531ce4b0c8380cd6c8a5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536514,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, R.T.","contributorId":106845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024507,"text":"70024507 - 2002 - The Saguenay Fjord, Quebec, Canada: Integrating marine geotechnical and geophysical data for spatial seismic slope stability and hazard assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024507","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Saguenay Fjord, Quebec, Canada: Integrating marine geotechnical and geophysical data for spatial seismic slope stability and hazard assessment","docAbstract":"In 1996 a major flood occurred in the Saguenay region, Quebec, Canada, delivering several km3 of sediment to the Saguenay Fjord. Such sediments covered large areas of the, until then, largely contaminated fjord bottom, thus providing a natural capping layer. Recent swath bathymetry data have also shown that sediment landslides are widely present in the upper section of the Saguenay Fjord, and therefore, should a new event occur, it would probably expose the old contaminated sediments. Landslides in the Upper Saguenay Fjord are most probably due to earthquakes given its proximity to the Charlevoix seismic region and to that of the 1988 Saguenay earthquake. In consequence, this study tries to characterize the permanent ground deformations induced by different earthquake scenarios from which shallow sediment landslides could be triggered. The study follows a Newmark analysis in which, firstly, the seismic slope performance is assessed, secondly, the seismic hazard analyzed, and finally an evaluation of the seismic landslide hazard is made. The study is based on slope gradients obtained from EM1000 multibeam bathymetry data as well as water content and undrained shear strength measurements made in box and gravity cores. Ground motions integrating local site conditions were simulated using synthetic time histories. The study assumes the region of the 1988 Saguenay earthquake as the most likely source area for earthquakes capable of inducing large ground motions in the Upper Saguenay region. Accordingly, we have analyzed several shaking intensities to deduce that generalized sediment displacements will begin to occur when moment magnitudes exceed 6. Major displacements, failure, and subsequent landslides could occur only from earthquake moment magnitudes exceeding 6.75. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00185-8","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Urgeles, R., Locat, J., Lee, H., and Martin, F., 2002, The Saguenay Fjord, Quebec, Canada: Integrating marine geotechnical and geophysical data for spatial seismic slope stability and hazard assessment: Marine Geology, v. 185, no. 3-4, p. 319-340, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00185-8.","startPage":"319","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207905,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00185-8"},{"id":233193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"185","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8c9e4b08c986b321e4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Urgeles, R.","contributorId":90081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urgeles","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locat, J.","contributorId":56392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locat","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25484,"text":"Université Laval, Québec City, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, F.","contributorId":75725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024487,"text":"70024487 - 2002 - VOLATILECALC: A silicate melt-H2O-CO2 solution model written in Visual Basic for excel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70024487","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"VOLATILECALC: A silicate melt-H2O-CO2 solution model written in Visual Basic for excel","docAbstract":"We present solution models for the rhyolite-H2O-CO2 and basalt-H2O-CO2 systems at magmatic temperatures and pressures below ~ 5000 bar. The models are coded as macros written in Visual Basic for Applications, for use within MicrosoftR Excel (Office'98 and 2000). The series of macros, entitled VOLATILECALC, can calculate the following: (1) Saturation pressures for silicate melt of known dissolved H2O and CO2 concentrations and the corresponding equilibrium vapor composition; (2) open- and closed-system degassing paths (melt and vapor composition) for depressurizing rhyolitic and basaltic melts; (3) isobaric solubility curves for rhyolitic and basaltic melts; (4) isoplethic solubility curves (constant vapor composition) for rhyolitic and basaltic melts; (5) polybaric solubility curves for the two end members and (6) end member fugacities of H2O and CO2 vapors at magmatic temperatures. The basalt-H2O-CO2 macros in VOLATILECALC are capable of calculating melt-vapor solubility over a range of silicate-melt compositions by using the relationships provided by Dixon (American Mineralogist 82 (1997) 368). The output agrees well with the published solution models and experimental data for silicate melt-vapor systems for pressures below 5000 bar. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00081-4","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Newman, S., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2002, VOLATILECALC: A silicate melt-H2O-CO2 solution model written in Visual Basic for excel: Computers & Geosciences, v. 28, no. 5, p. 597-604, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00081-4.","startPage":"597","endPage":"604","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00081-4"},{"id":232872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0efe4b08c986b32a3c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024505,"text":"70024505 - 2002 - Reconstruction of hydrological changes and response to effective moisture variations from North-Central USA lake sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024505","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstruction of hydrological changes and response to effective moisture variations from North-Central USA lake sediments","docAbstract":"Ratios of the stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon in benthic ostracodes and marl from cores taken from two lakes in north-central Minnesota reflect Holocene hydrological and vegetation changes. Oxygen isotopes show that Williams and Shingobee Lakes, located in the same watershed but with different positions along a hydrologic gradient, were connected before 9.8 ka as part of a larger lake, Lake Willobee. From 9.8-7.7 ka, the level of Lake Willobee fell as a result of glacial retreat and increasing evaporation, leaving small separated basins. Further decreases in lake level after 7.7 ka due to increasing aridity triggered the inflow of ground water in Williams Lake at about 7 ka, and in Shingobee Lake at about 5 ka. After 4 ka effective moisture increased. The carbon-isotope record reflects changes in vegetation with higher ??13C values during the prairie period (7.7-4 ka) and lower values during preceding and succeeding forest periods. The differences in timing of hydrological events show that the biotic and geochemical response of the lakes to climate variations is mediated by their hydrologic systems. The response may be strongly spatially heterogeneous and can result in contrasting information from geochemical and biotic proxies from the same paleorecord. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00121-4","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Schwalb, A., and Dean, W., 2002, Reconstruction of hydrological changes and response to effective moisture variations from North-Central USA lake sediments: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 21, no. 12-13, p. 1541-1554, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00121-4.","startPage":"1541","endPage":"1554","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207885,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00121-4"},{"id":233159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"12-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a25ce4b0e8fec6cdb59b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwalb, A.","contributorId":31129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalb","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025108,"text":"70025108 - 2002 - Subsurface fluid pressures from drill-stem tests, Uinta Basin, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025108","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface fluid pressures from drill-stem tests, Uinta Basin, Utah","docAbstract":"High fluid pressures are known to be associated with oil and gas fields in the Uinta Basin, Utah. Shut-in pressure measurements from drill-stem tests show how pressure varies with depth and by area within the basin. The data base used in this report incorporates over 2,000 pressure measurements from drill-stem tests in wells completed prior to 1985. However, the number of useful pressure measurements is considerably less, because many drill-stem tests fail to stabilize at the actual formation pressure if the permeability is low. By extracting the maximum pressure measurements recorded in a collection of wells within an area, the trend of formation pressure within that area can be approximated. Areal compilations of pressures from drill-stem tests show that overpressured rock formations occur throughout much of the northern and eastern areas of the Uinta Basin. In particular, significant overpressuring (0.5 < pressure gradient < 0.8 psi/ft) is found throughout much of the Altamont-Bluebell field at depths ranging from 10,000 to 13,000 ft, equivalent to 5,000 to 8,000 ft below sea level. Limited data indicate that the pressure gradient declines at depths greater than 13,000 ft. An underpressured zone appears to exist in the Altamont-Bluebell field at depths shallower than 5,000 ft. Throughout the eastern Uinta Basin, moderately overpressured zones (0.46 < pressure gradient < 0.5 psi/ft) are common, with local evidence of significantly overpressured zones, but pressure gradients greater than 0.6 psi/ft are rare.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., 2002, Subsurface fluid pressures from drill-stem tests, Uinta Basin, Utah: Mountain Geologist, v. 39, no. 1, p. 17-26.","startPage":"17","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d66e4b08c986b31d81b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, P. H.","contributorId":42238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175040,"text":"70175040 - 2002 - The effects of decreasing trace metal concentrations on benthic community structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T14:10:15","indexId":"70175040","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"The effects of decreasing trace metal concentrations on benthic community structure","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco State University","usgsCitation":"Shouse, M., 2002, The effects of decreasing trace metal concentrations on benthic community structure, 177 p.","productDescription":"177 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db7ee4b0589fa1c7eb63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shouse, M. K.","contributorId":173205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shouse","given":"M. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47870,"text":"b2191 - 2002 - Pathways of metal transfer from mineralized sources to biorecptors: A synthesis of the Mineral Resources Program's past environmental studies in the Western United States and future research directions","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":98864,"text":"b21914 - 2002 - Biogeochemical and biochemical pathway investigations of cadmium in subarctic ecosystems using a cadmium accumulator species (willow)","indexId":"b21914","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Biogeochemical and biochemical pathway investigations of cadmium in subarctic ecosystems using a cadmium accumulator species (willow)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":47870,"text":"b2191 - 2002 - Pathways of metal transfer from mineralized sources to biorecptors: A synthesis of the Mineral Resources Program's past environmental studies in the Western United States and future research directions","indexId":"b2191","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Pathways of metal transfer from mineralized sources to biorecptors: A synthesis of the Mineral Resources Program's past environmental studies in the Western United States and future research directions"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-26T19:03:38.236798","indexId":"b2191","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2191","title":"Pathways of metal transfer from mineralized sources to biorecptors: A synthesis of the Mineral Resources Program's past environmental studies in the Western United States and future research directions","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2191","usgsCitation":"2002, Pathways of metal transfer from mineralized sources to biorecptors: A synthesis of the Mineral Resources Program's past environmental studies in the Western United States and future research directions: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2191, 3 Chapters, https://doi.org/10.3133/b2191.","productDescription":"3 Chapters","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170946,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4062,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688b33","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708972,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stillings, Lisa L. 0000-0002-9011-8891 stilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8891","contributorId":3143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"Lisa L.","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708973,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175192,"text":"70175192 - 2002 - A comment on the use of flushing time, residence time, and age as transport time scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T07:49:25","indexId":"70175192","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comment on the use of flushing time, residence time, and age as transport time scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>Applications of transport time scales are pervasive in biological, hydrologic, and geochemical studies yet these times scales are not consistently defined and applied with rigor in the literature. We compare three transport time scales (flushing time, age, and residence time) commonly used to measure the retention of water or scalar quantities transported with water. We identify the underlying assumptions associated with each time scale, describe procedures for computing these time scales in idealized cases, and identify pitfalls when real-world systems deviate from these idealizations. We then apply the time scale definitions to a shallow 378 ha tidal lake to illustrate how deviations between real water bodies and the idealized examples can result from: (1) non-steady flow; (2) spatial variability in bathymetry, circulation, and transport time scales; and (3) tides that introduce complexities not accounted for in the idealized cases. These examples illustrate that no single transport time scale is valid for all time periods, locations, and constituents, and no one time scale describes all transport processes. We encourage aquatic scientists to rigorously define the transport time scale when it is applied, identify the underlying assumptions in the application of that concept, and ask if those assumptions are valid in the application of that approach for computing transport time scales in real systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.2002.47.5.1545","usgsCitation":"Monsen, N.E., Cloern, J.E., Lucas, L.V., and Monismith, S., 2002, A comment on the use of flushing time, residence time, and age as transport time scales: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 47, no. 5, p. 1545-1553, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.5.1545.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1545","endPage":"1553","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.5.1545","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42ce4b006cb45552be2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monsen, Nancy E.","contributorId":173324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monsen","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucas, Lisa V.","contributorId":80992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174255,"text":"70174255 - 2002 - Water level, specific conductance, and water temperature data, San Francisco Bay, California, for Water Year 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:28:04","indexId":"70174255","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water level, specific conductance, and water temperature data, San Francisco Bay, California, for Water Year 2000","docAbstract":"<p>Time series of water-level, specific-conductance, and watertemperature data were collected at seven sites in San Francisco Bay during water year 2000 (October 1, 1999 through September 30, 2000). Water-level data were recorded only at Point San Pablo. Specific-conductance and water-temperature data were recorded at 15-minute intervals at the following locations (Figure 1): &bull; Carquinez Strait at Carquinez Bridge &bull; Napa River at Mare Island Causeway near Vallejo &bull; San Pablo Bay at Petaluma River Channel Marker 9 &bull; San Pablo Strait at Point San Pablo &bull; Central San Francisco Bay at Presidio Military Reservation &bull; Central San Francisco Bay at Pier 24 &bull; South San Francisco Bay at San Mateo Bridge near Foster City.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, P., 2002, Water level, specific conductance, and water temperature data, San Francisco Bay, California, for Water Year 2000: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 15, no. 1, p. 22-26.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324770,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/iep/newsletters/2002/IEPNewsletterWinter2002.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.41241455078125,\n              38.15723682167875\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.50167846679686,\n              38.120512892298976\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.508544921875,\n              38.04917251752295\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4810791015625,\n              37.98100996893789\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.50717163085938,\n              37.95286091815649\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51678466796874,\n              37.923617790524716\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.50167846679686,\n              37.859675659210005\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.46322631835938,\n              37.78156937014928\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40554809570311,\n              37.79784832917947\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39044189453124,\n              37.76202988573211\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3876953125,\n              37.71750400999666\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39318847656249,\n              37.66099365286694\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.36709594726562,\n              37.590295170521955\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.26547241210936,\n              37.55111016010861\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16796875,\n              37.48684571271661\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09930419921876,\n              37.425797766419976\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02239990234375,\n              37.41816326969145\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.93450927734375,\n              37.42688834526727\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.91253662109376,\n              37.45632796865522\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0416259765625,\n              37.51626173528878\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13912963867188,\n              37.609879943747146\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.20504760742186,\n              37.73053874574077\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.30392456054688,\n              37.860759886765194\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.31628417968749,\n              37.91603433975963\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39456176757811,\n              37.94311450175187\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34924316406251,\n              37.990751356571195\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.21466064453125,\n              38.05782354290831\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.24212646484375,\n              38.09241741843045\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39044189453124,\n              38.155077102180655\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.41241455078125,\n              38.15723682167875\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577e2bb3e4b0ef4d2f445a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, P.A. 0000-0002-4796-4734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4734","contributorId":48997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175185,"text":"70175185 - 2002 - Long-term benthic community change in a highly invaded estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T15:50:41.058839","indexId":"70175185","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Long-term benthic community change in a highly invaded estuary","docAbstract":"<p>Ecosystem-level changes in the San Francisco Estuary including reduction in phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass through competition and predation have been linked to the invasive bivalve&nbsp;<i>Potamocorbula amurensis</i><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\">, first found in this estuary in 1986. My study assessed the competitive and other effects of <i>P. amurensis</i><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"> on the benthic community at a long-term benthic monitoring site in Grizzly Bay, in the upper San Francisco Estuary during 1977-2000. Changes in the structure of the Grizzly Bay benthic community after the&nbsp;<i>P.<span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"></span></i><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\">&nbsp;<i>amurensis&nbsp;</i><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\">invasion included a significant decrease in the biomass of suspension feeding species and in species that spawn. There was no significant change in the biomass species that brood their young or in species that deposit feed, indicating that competitive effects of&nbsp;<i>P. amurensis</i><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"> in the benthic community paralleled those documented for other biotic communities in the estuary.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco State University","usgsCitation":"Peterson, H., 2002, Long-term benthic community change in a highly invaded estuary, 108 p.","productDescription":"108 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c430e4b006cb45552c23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Heather","contributorId":172879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Heather","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175032,"text":"70175032 - 2002 - Continuous monitoring of suspended sediment in rivers by use of optical backscatterance sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T13:43:06","indexId":"70175032","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Continuous monitoring of suspended sediment in rivers by use of optical backscatterance sensors","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oslo Symposium, 2002, Erosion and Sediment Transport Measurement in Rivers : Technological and Methodological Advances","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Erosion and Sediment Transport Measurement in Rivers : Technological and Methodological Advances","conferenceDate":"June 19-21, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Oslo, Norway","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., and Wright, S., 2002, Continuous monitoring of suspended sediment in rivers by use of optical backscatterance sensors, <i>in</i> Oslo Symposium, 2002, Erosion and Sediment Transport Measurement in Rivers : Technological and Methodological Advances, Oslo, Norway, June 19-21, 2002, p. 28-36.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db40e4b0589fa1c7e791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, S.A.","contributorId":90080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174921,"text":"70174921 - 2002 - United States streamflow probabilities and uncertainties based on anticipated El Niño, water year 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T15:15:14","indexId":"70174921","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5147,"text":"Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"United States streamflow probabilities and uncertainties based on anticipated El Niño, water year 2003","docAbstract":"<p>During the course of spring and summer 2002, tropical sea-surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean have warmed and the wind and pressure fields have shifted, so that by August, there was considerable confidence that water year (October&ndash;September) 2003 will be characterized by a weak to mild El Ni&ntilde;o climate (http://iri.columbia.edu/climate/ENSO/currentinfo/archive/200208/QuickLook.html). At the same time, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation pattern of sea-surface temperatures in the North Pacific (Mantua et al., 1997) has shifted towards a more neutral state than in the past several years and will not be considered in detail here. Previous studies of the connections between El Ni&ntilde;os and streamflow in the United States by the authors (e.g., Redmond and Koch, 1991; Cayan and Webb, 1992; Cayan et al., 1999; Dettinger et al., 2001) indicate that El Ni&ntilde;o conditions influence historical streamflow distributions to varying extents. These conclusions, along with those of other researchers, suggest that foreknowledge of El Ni&ntilde;o conditions can inform seasonal outlooks for streamflows throughout the Americas and elsewhere. For example, Dettinger et al. (2001), as distilled here into Fig. 1, showed that historical annual streamflow totals have correlated negatively with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI, which is negatively associated with El Ni&ntilde;os) in the U.S. Southwest as well as in the subtropics of South America, and correlate positively in the U.S. Northwest, in much of tropical South America, and, perhaps, in southernmost South America. These interhemispheric bands of El Ni&ntilde;o influence are a matter of considerable concern for water- and land-managers throughout the Americas, and expand upon results from previous studies in the western United States (e.g., Redmond and Koch, 1991; Cayan and Webb, 1992), including a recent analysis by Pizarro and Lall (2002), where water availability and hydrologic extremes are particularly pressing issues.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M., Cayan, D., and Redmond, K., 2002, United States streamflow probabilities and uncertainties based on anticipated El Niño, water year 2003: Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, v. 11, no. 3, p. 46-52.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5791f234e4b0a1ebd3ad4ca5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.","contributorId":49563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redmond, K.","contributorId":48355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redmond","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1002943,"text":"1002943 - 2002 - Feeding habitat selection by Great Blue Herons and Great Egrets nesting in east central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T16:54:55.956112","indexId":"1002943","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding habitat selection by Great Blue Herons and Great Egrets nesting in east central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Great Blue Herons (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Ardea herodias</span></i><span>) and Great Egrets (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Casmerodius albus</span></i><span>) partitioned feeding habitat based on wetland size at Peltier Lake rookery in east central Minnesota. Great Blue Herons preferred large waterbodies (350 ha), whereas Great Egrets fed most often at small ponds (&lt;25 ha). Forty-nine percent of Great Blue Herons used wetlands 301-400 hectares in size and 83% of Great Egrets fed in wetlands &lt;100 ha in size. Great Blue Herons selected large wetlands more often than expected both at the regional (30-km radius) and local (4-km radius) scales. Habitat use by Great Egrets was in proportion to availability at the regional scale, but they selected smaller wetlands for feeding more often than expected at a local scale. The median flight distance of Great Blue Herons was 2.7 km, similar to distances reported elsewhere. Great Egrets flew farther to feeding sites than Great Blue Herons, and flew farther (median = 13.5 km) than reported in other geographic areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0115:FHSBGB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., and Galli, J., 2002, Feeding habitat selection by Great Blue Herons and Great Egrets nesting in east central Minnesota: Waterbirds, v. 25, no. 1, p. 115-124, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0115:FHSBGB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Peltier Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.07162284851074,\n              45.16836257256628\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.04372787475586,\n              45.16836257256628\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.04372787475586,\n              45.203509693445596\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.07162284851074,\n              45.203509693445596\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.07162284851074,\n              45.16836257256628\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galli, J.","contributorId":39753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galli","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024627,"text":"70024627 - 2002 - Geology and geochemistry of Carlin-type gold deposits in China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024627","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and geochemistry of Carlin-type gold deposits in China","docAbstract":"The Carlin-type gold deposits in China lie mostly near the margins of the Proterozoic Yangtze and Aba cratons. Submicron-sized gold in micron-sized arsenian pyrite is disseminated in fractured Cambrian through Triassic carbonaceous shale and carbonate rocks, and is associated with anomalous Hg, Sb, As, U, and Tl. Alteration typically includes silicification, argilization, and sulfidation. Aqueous fluid inclusions contain CO2, have relatively low temperatures of homogenization (250-150 ??C), and salinities (8-2 wt% equiv. NaCl) that typically decrease from early to later stages. The indicated pressures of 105-330x105 Pa correspond to depths in excess of 1.0 to 3.0 km, assuming hydrostatic conditions. The ??D values of fluid inclusions (-87 to -47%) and the calculated ??18 values for water in ore fluids (-2.1 to 16.2%) reflect interactions between meteoric water and sedimentary rocks. The ??13C values of calcite (-9 to 2%) and ??34S values of sulfides (-24 to 17%) suggest that C and S were derived from marine carbonate (and organic carbon) and diagenetic sulfides (and organic sulfur) in the vicinity of the deposits. Geologic relationships and geochronologic evidence indicate the deposits formed during a late phase of the Yanshanian orogeny (140-75 Ma). These gold deposits share much in common with the Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada, USA. Both occur in carbonaceous, pyritic, sedimentary rocks deposited on extended margins of Precambrian cratons. The smaller Chinese deposits are generally in more siliceous rocks and the larger Nevada deposits in more calcareous rocks. In both countries, the host rocks prior to mineralization were affected by contractional deformation that produced many of the ore-controlling structures and the deposits do not show consistent spatial or genetic relationships with epizonal plutons. However, the Nevada deposits show broad spatial and temporal relationships with shifting patterns of calc-alkaline magmatism. The ore and alteration mineral assemblages, residence of gold, geochemical signatures, paragenetic sequence, and fluid inclusions are remarkably similar, which indicates that the deposits formed from low salinity, moderately acidic, CO2 and H2S-rich in the crust similar processes at relatively shallow levels in the crust (<5 km). However, the deposits in China are associated with large Hg, Sb, As, U, and Tl deposits, which may reflect higher background abundances of these elements. Stable isotopic data suggest meteoric water evolved to become ore fluids through interactions with sedimentary rocks, although contributions of volatiles or metals from deeper levels are present in some deposits in Nevada. In both countries, the deposits appear to have formed in an area of high paleothermal gradients after a change in stress regime during the later phases of orogenic activity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-001-0242-7","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Rui-Zhong, H., Wen-Chao, S., Xian-Wu, B., Guang-Zhi, T., and Hofstra, A., 2002, Geology and geochemistry of Carlin-type gold deposits in China: Mineralium Deposita, v. 37, no. 3-4, p. 378-392, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-001-0242-7.","startPage":"378","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207737,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-001-0242-7"},{"id":232917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22d7e4b0c8380cd573a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rui-Zhong, H.","contributorId":20512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rui-Zhong","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wen-Chao, S.","contributorId":96050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wen-Chao","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xian-Wu, B.","contributorId":11800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian-Wu","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guang-Zhi, T.","contributorId":86936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guang-Zhi","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024063,"text":"70024063 - 2002 - Mexican native trouts: A review of their history and current systematic and conservation status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70024063","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mexican native trouts: A review of their history and current systematic and conservation status","docAbstract":"While biologists have been aware of the existence of native Mexican trouts for over a century, they have received little study. The few early studies that did much more than mention their existence began in the 1930s and continued into the early 1960s, focusing primarily on distributional surveys and taxonomic analyses. Starting in the 1980s the Baja California rainbow trout became the subject of more detailed studies, but very little remains known of mainland trouts of the Sierra Madre Occidental. We review earlier studies and report on our own collections and observations made between 1975 and 2000. We present newly discovered historical evidence that leads us to conclude that a \"lost\" cutthroat trout, a lineage not previously known from Mexico, was collected more than a century ago from headwaters of the Ri??o Conchos (a major tributary of the Rio Grande (= Ri??o Bravo)), a basin not previously considered to harbor a native trout. We review the last century of regional natural resource management and discuss our own observations of trout habitats. Impacts of logging, road building and overgrazing are widespread and expanding. Many streams suffer from heavy erosion, siltation and contamination, and though long-term hydrologic data are generally not available, there is evidence of decreased discharge in many streams. These problems appear related to region-wide land management practices as well as recent regional drought. Trout culture operations using exotic rainbow trout have rapidly proliferated throughout the region, threatening genetic introgression and/or competition with native forms and predation on them. Knowledge of distribution, abundance, relationships and taxonomy, not to mention ecology and population biology, of native trouts of the Sierra Madre Occidental remains inadequate. Vast areas of most mainland drainages are still unexplored by fish collectors, and even rudimentary information regarding basic biology, ecology and population structure of stocks remains lacking. Concentrated exploration, research and management of this long overlooked and undervalued resource are all urgently needed. The history of natural resources exploitation that placed so many native trouts of the western United States on threatened and endangered species lists is repeating itself in the Sierra Madre Occidental. Without concentrated action and development of region-wide socio-economic solutions for current, largely non-sustainable resource management practices, native Mexican trout gene pools will soon be in grave danger of extinction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1025062415188","issn":"09603166","usgsCitation":"Hendrickson, D., Perez, H., Findley, L., Forbes, W., Tomelleri, J., Mayden, R.L., Nielsen, J., Jensen, B., Campos, G., Romero, A., van der Heiden, A., Camarena, F., and Garcia de Leon, F., 2002, Mexican native trouts: A review of their history and current systematic and conservation status: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 12, no. 2-3, p. 273-316, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025062415188.","startPage":"273","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025062415188"},{"id":231905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5626e4b0c8380cd6d3a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendrickson, D.A.","contributorId":29222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendrickson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perez, H.E.","contributorId":92109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Findley, L.T.","contributorId":92110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findley","given":"L.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forbes, W.","contributorId":60913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forbes","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tomelleri, J.R.","contributorId":77418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomelleri","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mayden, Richard L.","contributorId":12746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayden","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jensen, B.","contributorId":73877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Campos, G.R.","contributorId":91745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campos","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Romero, A.V.","contributorId":104343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romero","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"van der Heiden, A.","contributorId":99434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Heiden","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Camarena, F.","contributorId":21418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camarena","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Garcia de Leon, F.J.","contributorId":96536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia de Leon","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":1002980,"text":"1002980 - 2002 - Liquid chromatographic determination of florfenicol in the plasma of multiple species of fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T16:40:55.603988","indexId":"1002980","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2215,"text":"Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Liquid chromatographic determination of florfenicol in the plasma of multiple species of fish","docAbstract":"<p><span>A simple method was developed for determining&nbsp;florfenicol&nbsp;concentration in a small volume (250 μl) of plasma from five phylogenetically diverse species of&nbsp;freshwater fish. Florfenicol was isolated from the plasma matrix through C</span><sub>18</sub><span>&nbsp;solid-phase extraction and quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The accuracy (84–104%), precision (%RSD⩽8), and sensitivity (quantitation limit &lt;30 ng/ml) of the method indicate its usefulness for conducting&nbsp;pharmacokinetic&nbsp;studies on a variety of freshwater fish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1570-0232(02)00441-5","usgsCitation":"Vue, C., Schmidt, L.J., Stehly, G.R., and Gingerich, W.H., 2002, Liquid chromatographic determination of florfenicol in the plasma of multiple species of fish: Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, v. 780, no. 1, p. 111-117, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1570-0232(02)00441-5.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"780","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vue, C.","contributorId":44501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vue","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, Larry J.","contributorId":149119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17649,"text":"USGS-UMESC, Retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":312487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehly, Guy R.","contributorId":11553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gingerich, William H.","contributorId":36086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025066,"text":"70025066 - 2002 - Interactions of an insecticide with competition and pond drying in amphibian communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-28T16:38:45.19935","indexId":"70025066","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions of an insecticide with competition and pond drying in amphibian communities","docAbstract":"<p>Amphibian populations are often imbedded in agricultural landscapes. Therefore the potential for contamination of their habitat is considerable. Our study examined the effects of an insecticide (carbaryl, a neurotoxin), on larval amphibian communities experiencing natural stresses of competition for resources, predation, and pond drying. In a set of experimental ponds, tadpoles of three anuran species (southern leopard frog [<i>Rana sphenocephala</i>], plains leopard frog [<i>R. blairi</i>], and the Woodhouse's toad [<i>Bufo woodhousii</i>]) were added to 1000-L ponds containing leaf litter, plankton, two newts (<i>Notophthalmus viridescens</i>), and four overwintered green frog (<i>R. clamitans</i>) tadpoles. We manipulated the overall tadpole density (low or high), pond hydroperiod (constant or drying), and chemical exposure (0, 3.5, 5.0, or 7.0 mg/L carbaryl) of the ponds. We measured mass, time, and survival to metamorphosis to determine treatment effects. Carbaryl positively affected Woodhouse's toad survival, although it had a negligible effect on both leopard frog species. Tadpole density interacted with the chemical treatment: Proportionately more Woodhouse's toads survived to metamorphosis in high-density environments than in low-density or control environments. Greater survival may be an indirect effect of increased algal food resources from carbaryl exposure. Most newts lost mass over the course of the experiment, although ponds with drying hydroperiods and high anuran density were the least favorable environments. Overwintered green frogs exposed to carbaryl had longer larval periods on average than did green frogs in control ponds. Our study demonstrated that even sublethal, short-lived contaminants can alter natural communities in ways that cannot be predicted from simple, one-factor studies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3061155","usgsCitation":"Boone, M., and Semlitsch, R.D., 2002, Interactions of an insecticide with competition and pond drying in amphibian communities: Ecological Applications, v. 12, no. 1, p. 307-316, https://doi.org/10.2307/3061155.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Boone County","city":"Columbia","otherGeospatial":"University of Missouri-Columbia Research Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.34832763671875,\n              38.93003656944158\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.32086181640625,\n              38.93003656944158\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.32086181640625,\n              38.94285503599089\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.34832763671875,\n              38.94285503599089\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.34832763671875,\n              38.93003656944158\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cc9e4b0c8380cd63040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boone, M.D.","contributorId":31157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semlitsch, R. D.","contributorId":22522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semlitsch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}