{"pageNumber":"3017","pageRowStart":"75400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184742,"records":[{"id":1002725,"text":"1002725 - 2002 - High-precision measurements of wetland sediment elevation. II The rod surface elevation table","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T13:48:17","indexId":"1002725","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-precision measurements of wetland sediment elevation. II The rod surface elevation table","docAbstract":"A new high-precision device for measuring sediment elevation in emergent and shallow water wetland systems is described. The rod surface-elevation table (RSET) is a balanced, lightweight mechanical leveling device that attaches to both shallow (< 1 m) and deep (driven to refusal) rod bench marks. The RSET was built to complement the surface-elevation table (SET), a larger and heavier mechanical leveling device first described by Boumans and Day (1993). Because of its size and weight, the SET must be attached to a pipe bench mark, which typically must be driven to a depth > 1 m in order to be stable. The pipe is driven to refusal but typically to a depth shallower than the rod bench mark because of greater surface resistance of the pipe. Thus, the RSET makes it possible to partition change in sediment elevation over shallower (e.g., the root zone) and deeper depths of the sediment profile than is possible with the SET. The confidence intervals for the height of an individual pin measured by two different operators with the RSET under laboratory conditions were A? 1.0 and A? 1.5 mm. Under field conditions, confidence intervals for the measured height of an individual pin ranged from A? 1.3 mm in a mangrove forest up to A? 4.3 mm in a salt marsh. \r\n","language":"English","doi":"10.1306/020702720734","usgsCitation":"Cahoon, D.R., Lynch, J., Perez, B., Segura, B., Holland, R., Stelly, C., Stephenson, G., and Hensel, P., 2002, High-precision measurements of wetland sediment elevation. II The rod surface elevation table: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 72, no. 5, p. 734-739, https://doi.org/10.1306/020702720734.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"734","endPage":"739","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynch, J.C.","contributorId":25104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perez, B.C.","contributorId":104017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Segura, B.","contributorId":73562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segura","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holland, R.D.","contributorId":46912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stelly, C.","contributorId":7679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelly","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stephenson, G.","contributorId":33685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hensel, P.","contributorId":57814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensel","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70023800,"text":"70023800 - 2002 - Fate and transport potential for dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from a shallow to a deep aquifer at the Madisonville Creosote works","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023800","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fate and transport potential for dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from a shallow to a deep aquifer at the Madisonville Creosote works","docAbstract":"The Remedy selected for a deep aquifer at the Madisonville Creosote Works, which have a potential threat of contamination from a nearby contaminated shallow aquifer is presented. The remedy includes monitoring, in consideration of the low permeability of the clay unit separating the two aquifers and the limited transport potential of the dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A computer model was used for predication of the potential fate and transport of contaminants to the deep drinking water supply aquifer. The model results show conservative breakthrough of naphthalene from the source creosote in the shallow water bearing zone at about 150 years.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds","conferenceDate":"20 May 2002 through 23 May 2002","conferenceLocation":"Monterey, CA.","language":"English","isbn":"1574771329","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., and Tzhone, S., 2002, Fate and transport potential for dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from a shallow to a deep aquifer at the Madisonville Creosote works, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, CA., 20 May 2002 through 23 May 2002, p. 2397-2402.","startPage":"2397","endPage":"2402","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f0de4b0c8380cd53730","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gavaskar A.R.Chen A.S.C.","contributorId":128403,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gavaskar A.R.Chen A.S.C.","id":536504,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tzhone, S.","contributorId":89305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tzhone","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024965,"text":"70024965 - 2002 - Determination of melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T16:27:10.884365","indexId":"70024965","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa","docAbstract":"<p><span>Melanterite (FeSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>·7H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O)-rozenite (FeSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>·4H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O) and chalcanthite (CuSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>·5H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O)-bonattite (CuSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>·3H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O) equilibria were determined by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa. Two methods were used; one is the gas-flow-cell method (between 21 and 98 °C), and the other is the humiditybuffer method (between 21 and 70 °C). The first method has a larger temperature uncertainty even though it is more efficient. With the aid of humidity buffers, which correspond to a series of saturated binary salt solutions, the second method yields reliable results as demonstrated by very tight reversals along each humidity buffer. These results are consistent with those obtained by the first method, and also with the solubility data reported in the literature. Thermodynamic analysis of these data yields values of 29.231 ± 0.025 and 22.593 ± 0.040 kJ/mol for standard Gibbs free energy of reaction at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa for melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria, respectively. The methods used in this study hold great potential for unraveling the thermodynamic properties of sulfate salts involved in dehydration reactions at near ambient conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.2138/am-2002-0112","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., Seal, R., and Hemingway, B.S., 2002, Determination of melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa: American Mineralogist, v. 87, no. 1, p. 108-114, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2002-0112.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffb4e4b0c8380cd4f343","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. 0000-0003-0901-2529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":90331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023801,"text":"70023801 - 2002 - Distinguishing sediment waves from slope failure deposits: Field examples, including the 'humboldt slide', and modelling results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023801","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing sediment waves from slope failure deposits: Field examples, including the 'humboldt slide', and modelling results","docAbstract":"Migrating sediment waves have been reported in a variety of marine settings, including submarine levee-fan systems, floors of fjords, and other basin or continental slope environments. Examination of such wave fields reveals nine diagnostic characteristics. When these characteristics are applied to several features previously attributed to submarine landslide deformation, they suggest that the features should most likely be reinterpreted as migrating sediment-wave fields. Sites that have been reinterpreted include the 'Humboldt slide' on the Eel River margin in northern California, the continental slope in the Gulf of Cadiz, the continental shelf off the Malaspina Glacier in the Gulf of Alaska, and the Adriatic shelf. A reassessment of all four features strongly suggests that numerous turbidity currents, separated by intervals of ambient hemipelagic sedimentation, deposited the wave fields over thousands of years. A numerical model of hyperpycnal discharge from the Eel River, for example, shows that under certain alongshore-current conditions, such events can produce turbidity currents that flow across the 'Humboldt slide', serving as the mechanism for the development of migrating sediment waves. Numerical experiments also demonstrate that where a series of turbidity currents flows across a rough seafloor (i.e. numerical steps), sediment waves can form and migrate upslope. Hemipelagic sedimentation between turbidity current events further facilitates the upslope migration of the sediment waves. Physical modelling of turbidity currents also confirms the formation and migration of seafloor bedforms. The morphologies of sediment waves generated both numerically and physically in the laboratory bear a strong resemblance to those observed in the field, including those that were previously described as submarine landslides.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00550-9","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., Syvitski, J., Parker, G., Orange, D.L., Locat, J., Hutton, E.W., and Imran, J., 2002, Distinguishing sediment waves from slope failure deposits: Field examples, including the 'humboldt slide', and modelling results: Marine Geology, v. 192, no. 1-3, p. 79-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00550-9.","startPage":"79","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207346,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00550-9"},{"id":232233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"192","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0251e4b0c8380cd4ffd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Syvitski, J.P.M.","contributorId":91222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syvitski","given":"J.P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orange, Daniel L.","contributorId":23309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orange","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Locat, J.","contributorId":56392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locat","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25484,"text":"Université Laval, Québec City, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":398894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hutton, E. W. H.","contributorId":20940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutton","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Imran, J.","contributorId":44322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imran","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024913,"text":"70024913 - 2002 - GPS in pioneering dynamic monitoring of long-period structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024913","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GPS in pioneering dynamic monitoring of long-period structures","docAbstract":"Global Positioning System (GPS) technology with 10-20-Hz sampling rates allows scientifically justified dynamic measurements of relative displacements of long-period structures. The displacement response of a simulated tall building in real time and permanent deployment of GPS units at the roof of a building are described. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first permanent deployment of GPS units (in the world) for continuous dynamic monitoring of a tall building. Data recorded from the building during a windy day is analyzed to determine the structural characteristics. When recorded during extreme motions caused by earthquakes and strong winds, such measurements can be used to compute average drift ratios and changes in dynamic characteristics, and therefore can be used by engineers and building owners or managers to assess the structural integrity and performance by establishing pre-established thresholds. Such information can be used to secure public safety and/or take steps to improve the performance of the building.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1461375","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., and Sanli, A., 2002, GPS in pioneering dynamic monitoring of long-period structures: Earthquake Spectra, v. 18, no. 1, p. 47-61, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1461375.","startPage":"47","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207702,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1461375"},{"id":232862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a147ce4b0c8380cd54a5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanli, A.","contributorId":98503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanli","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70188326,"text":"70188326 - 2002 - Using spring-water chemistry to assess groundwater contamination and ages of shallow and deep ground water flow systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T11:20:05","indexId":"70188326","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Using spring-water chemistry to assess groundwater contamination and ages of shallow and deep ground water flow systems","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and biology of post-paleozoic carbonate aquifers, Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 7","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Karst Waters Institute","usgsCitation":"Katz, B.G., Bohlke, J., and Hornsby, D., 2002, Using spring-water chemistry to assess groundwater contamination and ages of shallow and deep ground water flow systems, chap. <i>of</i> Hydrology and biology of post-paleozoic carbonate aquifers, Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 7, p. 76-78.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://karstwaters.org/publications/sp7-hydrology-and-biology-of-post-paleozoic-carbonate-aquifers/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf32e4b0f6c2d0d9c7c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":115372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornsby, D.","contributorId":192642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hornsby","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023865,"text":"70023865 - 2002 - Natural history of a northern population of twin-spotted rattlesnakes, Crotalus pricei","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T15:19:04.250603","indexId":"70023865","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Natural history of a northern population of twin-spotted rattlesnakes, <i>Crotalus pricei</i>","title":"Natural history of a northern population of twin-spotted rattlesnakes, Crotalus pricei","docAbstract":"<p><span>The twin-spotted rattlesnake (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Crotalus pricei</span></i><span>) is a small-bodied pitviper that has received little attention in the literature to date. The species reaches the northern limit of its range in southeastern Arizona, where it inhabits higher elevations than any of the state's 10 other rattlesnake species. During 1997–2000, we captured, measured, and marked 127&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;in Arizona's Chiricahua Mountains between 2530 and 2900 m elevation. We also used radiotelemetry to track the movements of 16&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;in the study area during 1997–1998. Mean (± SE) snout–vent length of&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;was 387.8 ± 8.3 mm (range = 168–572), and mean mass was 53.5 ± 3.3 g (range = 3.6–188.5). Based on fecal analyses, lizards constituted the bulk of prey (74%), but the diet of&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;also included mammals, birds, and a conspecific. Mating was concentrated in August and early September and parturition took place during late July and August. Mean number of embryos was 3.94 ± 0.34 (range = 1–6) and female reproduction appeared biennial or less frequent. Based on shed and growth rates, female&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;develop embryos at 4–5 years of age. Gravid females maintained warmer body temperatures relative to substrate temperature than nongravid females or males, presumably by spending more time basking than other snakes. Radiotelemetry revealed that movement patterns varied from year to year, as males moved over six times farther per week during the 1998 monsoon season (July to September) than during the 1997 monsoon season. Additionally, use of talus slopes by males decreased during 1998. During dry years, such as 1998, males may be forced off talus into cooler microclimates where resources are less concentrated than on talus.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0598:NHOANP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Prival, D.B., Goode, M.J., Swann, D.E., Schwalbe, C., and Schroff, M.J., 2002, Natural history of a northern population of twin-spotted rattlesnakes, Crotalus pricei: Journal of Herpetology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 598-607, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0598:NHOANP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"598","endPage":"607","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a631fe4b0c8380cd722f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prival, D. B.","contributorId":10954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prival","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goode, Matthew J","contributorId":118037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swann, Don E.","contributorId":218874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swann","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schroff, M. J.","contributorId":72164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroff","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023986,"text":"70023986 - 2002 - Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T14:01:11.885709","indexId":"70023986","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs","docAbstract":"<p><span>The results of general circulation model predictions of the effects of climate change from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (model CGCM1) and the United Kingdom Meteorological Office's Hadley Centre (model HadCM2) have been used to derive potential impacts on the water resources of the Great Lakes basin. These impacts can influence the levels of the Great Lakes and the volumes of channel flow among them, thus affecting their value for interests such as riparians, shippers, recreational boaters, and natural ecosystems. On one hand, a hydrological modeling suite using input data from the CGCM1 predicts large drops in lake levels, up to a maximum of 1.38 m on Lakes Michigan and Huron by 2090. This is due to a combination of a decrease in precipitation and an increase in air temperature that leads to an increase in evaporation. On the other hand, using input from HadCM2, rises in lake levels are predicted, up to a maximum of 0.35 m on Lakes Michigan and Huron by 2090, due to increased precipitation and a reduced increase in air temperature. An interest satisfaction model shows sharp decreases in the satisfaction of the interests of commercial navigation, recreational boating, riparians, and hydropower due to lake level decreases. Most interest satisfaction scores are also reduced by lake level increases. Drastic reductions in ice cover also result from the temperature increases such that under the CGCM1 predictions, most of Lake Erie has 96% of its winters ice-free by 2090. Assessment is also made of impacts on the groundwater-dependent region of Lansing, Michigan.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70604-7","usgsCitation":"Lofgren, B.M., Quinn, F.H., Clites, A.H., Assel, R.A., Eberhardt, A.J., and Luukkonen, C.L., 2002, Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 28, no. 4, p. 537-554, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70604-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"554","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.05859375,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.05859375,\n              50.064191736659104\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              50.064191736659104\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cade4b0c8380cd52c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lofgren, Brent M.","contributorId":139534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lofgren","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12789,"text":"NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinn, F. H.","contributorId":42753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clites, A. H.","contributorId":46260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clites","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Assel, Raymond A.","contributorId":147963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Assel","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eberhardt, A. J.","contributorId":13780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eberhardt","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luukkonen, Carol L. clluukko@usgs.gov","contributorId":3489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"Carol","email":"clluukko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70185134,"text":"70185134 - 2002 - Mobilization of natural colloids from an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer: Effect of pH and ionic strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T08:45:25","indexId":"70185134","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of natural colloids from an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer: Effect of pH and ionic strength","docAbstract":"<p><span>Field and laboratory column experiments were performed to assess the effect of elevated pH and reduced ionic strength on the mobilization of natural colloids in a ferric oxyhydroxide-coated aquifer sediment. The field experiments were conducted as natural gradient injections of groundwater amended by sodium hydroxide additions. The laboratory experiments were conducted in columns of undisturbed, oriented sediments and disturbed, disoriented sediments. In the field, the breakthrough of released colloids coincided with the pH pulse breakthrough and lagged the bromide tracer breakthrough. The breakthrough behavior suggested that the progress of the elevated pH front controlled the transport of the mobilized colloids. In the laboratory, about twice as much colloid release occurred in the disturbed sediments as in the undisturbed sediments. The field and laboratory experiments both showed that the total mass of colloid release increased with increasing pH until the concurrent increase in ionic strength limited release. A decrease in ionic strength did not mobilize significant amounts of colloids in the field. The amount of colloids released normalized to the mass of the sediments was similar for the field and the undisturbed laboratory experiments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es0109141","usgsCitation":"Bunn, R.A., Magelky, R.D., Ryan, J.N., and Elimelech, M., 2002, Mobilization of natural colloids from an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer: Effect of pH and ionic strength: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 314-322, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0109141.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"314","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d6e4b0849ce97c871a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunn, Rebecca A.","contributorId":189311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunn","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magelky, Robin D.","contributorId":189313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magelky","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":684479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elimelech, Menachem","contributorId":189312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elimelech","given":"Menachem","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015252,"text":"1015252 - 2002 - Geographic variation in the black bear (Ursus americanus) in the eastern United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T10:15:41","indexId":"1015252","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Geographic variation in the black bear (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) in the eastern United States and Canada","title":"Geographic variation in the black bear (Ursus americanus) in the eastern United States and Canada","docAbstract":"<p>The pattern of geographic variation in morphologic characters of the black bear (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) was assessed at 13 sites in the eastern United States and Canada. Thirty measurements from 206 males and 207 females were recorded to the nearest 0.01 mm using digital calipers and subjected to principal components analysis. A matrix of correlations among skull characters was computed, and the first 3 principal components were extracted. These accounted for 90.5% of the variation in the character set for males and 87.1% for females. Three-dimensional projection of localities onto principal components showed that, for males and females, largest individuals occurred in the more southern localities (e.g., males--Louisiana-Mississippi, eastern Texas; females--Louisiana-eastern Texas) and the smallest animals occurred in the northernmost locality (Quebec). Generally, bears were similar morphologically to those in nearby geographic areas. For males, correlations between morphologic variation and environmental factors indicated a significant relationship between size variation and mean January temperature, mean July temperature, mean annual precipitation, latitude, and actual evapotranspiration; for females, a significant relationship was observed between morphologic variation and mean annual temperature, mean January temperature, mean July temperature, latitude, and actual evapotranspiration. There was no significant correlation for either sex between environmental factors and projections onto components II and III.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.2307/3672913","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, M., Kennedy, P., Bogan, M., and Waits, J., 2002, Geographic variation in the black bear (Ursus americanus) in the eastern United States and Canada: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 47, no. 2, p. 257-266, https://doi.org/10.2307/3672913.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8ff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, M.L.","contributorId":11170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, P.K.","contributorId":87503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bogan, M.A.","contributorId":17939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, J.L.","contributorId":92630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70196855,"text":"70196855 - 2002 - Are asbestos minerals common in US vermiculite deposits?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-04T13:30:16","indexId":"70196855","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5683,"text":"North American Mineral News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are asbestos minerals common in US vermiculite deposits?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., Lowers, H., Bush, A., Meeker, G.P., Plumlee, G.S., Brownfield, I.K., and Sutley, S.J., 2002, Are asbestos minerals common in US vermiculite deposits?: North American Mineral News, v. 87, p. 8-12.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0b9de4b0da30c1bfcfa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. hlowers@usgs.gov","contributorId":149265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather A.","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":734747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, Alfred L.","contributorId":48977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Alfred L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brownfield, Isabelle K.","contributorId":97108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Isabelle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sutley, Stephan J.","contributorId":78417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Stephan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":2001205,"text":"2001205 - 2002 - A field guide to amphibian larvae and eggs of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-07T18:17:17.908055","indexId":"2001205","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"USGS/BRD/ITR-2002-0004","title":"A field guide to amphibian larvae and eggs of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>Apparent worldwide declines in amphibian populations (Pechmann and Wake 1997) have stimulated interest in amphibians as bioindicators of the health of ecosystems. Because we have little information on the population status of many species, there is interest by public and private land management agencies in monitoring amphibian populations. Amphibian egg and larval surveys are established methods of surveying pond-breeding amphibians. Adults may be widely dispersed across the landscape, but eggs and larvae are confined to the breeding site during a specific season of the year. Also, observations of late-stage larvae or metamorphs are evidence of successful reproduction, which is an important indicator of the viability of the population. The goal of this guide is to help students, natural resources personnel, and biologists identify eggs and larval stages of amphibians in the field without the aid of a microscope.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Parmelee, J., Knutson, M.G., and Lyon, J., 2002, A field guide to amphibian larvae and eggs of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa: Information and Technology Report USGS/BRD/ITR-2002-0004, 48 p.","productDescription":"48 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311071,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/2002/0004/itr20020004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.55 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\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aec98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parmelee, J.R.","contributorId":64215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parmelee","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyon, J.E.","contributorId":46649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015270,"text":"1015270 - 2002 - Influence of trophy hunting and horn size on mating behavior and survivorship of mountain sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-16T22:48:58","indexId":"1015270","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of trophy hunting and horn size on mating behavior and survivorship of mountain sheep","docAbstract":"<p>We conducted a study of the effects of horn sizes and trophy hunting on mating behavior and survival of rams in hunted and unhunted populations of Dall sheep (<i>Ovis dalli</i>), Rocky Mountain bighorn (<i>O. canadensis canadensis</i>), and desert bighorn (<i>O. c. nelsoni</i>) sheep. Mating success was positively correlated with horn size in Dall sheep (<i>P</i> = 0.03) and Rocky Mountain bighorns (<i>P</i> = 0.05), but not in the desert bighorn (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05) taxa. Group sizes, rams per rut group, and competition between rams were lowest in desert bighorn sheep. There were indications of greater harassment of ewes by young rams in trophy-hunted populations. In hunted populations, compared with unhunted, ewes ran away more often from approaching rams, ewes moved farther away from courting young rams (<i>P</i> = 0.003), younger rams performed fewer courtship displays (<i>P</i> = 0.042) and more aggressive displays to ewes, and sheep interacted 27% more of the time. Ram-to-ewe interaction times per individual ewe did not differ for any of the taxa (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05), and, apparently as a consequence of this, we found no discernable effects of trophy hunting on survivorship of ewes, ewe fecundity, or recruitment of young (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). There were greater energy expenditures by young rams in the heavily hunted Dall sheep population versus the paired Dall sheep unhunted population, but not in the lightly hunted Rocky Mountain and desert bighorn populations when compared with unhunted populations. This was consistent with evidence for depressed survivorship of rams too young or too small to be hunted (approximately ages 4–6) in the heavily hunted Dall sheep population (<i>P</i> = 0.0001), but not in the bighorn sheep populations (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0682:IOTHAH>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Singer, F.J., and Zeigenfuss, L., 2002, Influence of trophy hunting and horn size on mating behavior and survivorship of mountain sheep: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 83, no. 3, p. 682-698, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0682:IOTHAH>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"682","endPage":"698","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0682:iothah>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adfcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zeigenfuss, L. C.","contributorId":69089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"L. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015245,"text":"1015245 - 2002 - Extreme floods, channel change, and riparian forests along ephemeral streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-18T09:58:02","indexId":"1015245","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme floods, channel change, and riparian forests along ephemeral streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>The geomorphic effectiveness of extreme floods increases with aridity and decreasing watershed size. Therefore, in small dry watersheds extreme floods should control the age structure and spatial distribution of populations of disturbance-dependent riparian trees. We examined the influence of extreme floods on the bottomland morphology and forest of ephemeral streams in a semiarid region. Along six stream reaches on the Colorado Piedmont we examined channel changes by analyzing a rectified sequence of aerial photographs spanning 56 yr, and we investigated the spatial distribution of different-aged patches of forest by aging 189 randomly sampled cottonwood trees. Channel change in these ephemeral sand-bed streams is dominated by widening, which occurs over a span of hours during infrequent floods, and postflood narrowing, which occurs over decades between floods. Narrowing is accelerated where reliable moisture increases the density and growth rate of vegetation on the former bed. Reproduction of cottonwood trees has occurred mostly in former channel bed during periods of channel narrowing beginning after floods in 1935 and 1965 and continuing for as long as two decades. Thus cottonwood establishment is related to low flows at the time scale of a year, but to high flows at the time scale of decades. At sites that have not experienced major floods in the last 80 yr, little channel change has occurred, cottonwood reproduction has been limited, tree density has declined, and succession to grassland is occurring. Because channel change and tree reproduction in this region are driven by infrequent local events, channel width and tree age distributions vary greatly over time and among sites. For the same reason, riparian forests along these ephemeral streams can be as wide as forests along perennial rivers with much higher mean discharge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0409:EFCCAR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.M., and Lee, V., 2002, Extreme floods, channel change, and riparian forests along ephemeral streams: Ecological Monographs, v. 72, no. 3, p. 409-425, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0409:EFCCAR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"425","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f899a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, V.J.","contributorId":23895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015240,"text":"1015240 - 2002 - Advanced techniques for modeling avian nest survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T17:22:38","indexId":"1015240","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advanced techniques for modeling avian nest survival","docAbstract":"<p>Estimation of avian nest survival has traditionally involved simple measures of apparent nest survival or Mayfield constant-nest-survival models. However, these methods do not allow researchers to build models that rigorously assess the importance of a wide range of biological factors that affect nest survival. Models that incorporate greater detail, such as temporal variation in nest survival and covariates representative of individual nests represent a substantial improvement over traditional estimation methods. In an attempt to improve nest survival estimation procedures, we introduce the nest survival model now available in the program MARK and demonstrate its use on a nesting study of Mountain Plovers (<i><span class=\"genusSpeciesInfoAsset\">Charadrius montanus</span> </i>Townsend) in Montana, USA. We modeled the daily survival of Mountain Plover nests as a function of the sex of the incubating adult, nest age, year, linear and quadratic time trends, and two weather covariates (maximum daily temperature and daily precipitation) during a six-year study (1995–2000). We found no evidence for yearly differences or an effect of maximum daily temperature on the daily nest survival of Mountain Plovers. Survival rates of nests tended by female and male plovers differed (female rate = 0.33; male rate = 0.49). The estimate of the additive effect for males on nest survival rate was 0.37 (95% confidence limits were 0.03, 0.71) on a logit scale. Daily survival rates of nests increased with nest age; the estimate of daily nest-age change in survival in the best model was 0.06 (95% confidence limits were 0.04, 0.09) on a logit scale. Daily precipitation decreased the probability that the nest would survive to the next day; the estimate of the additive effect of daily precipitation on the nest survival rate was −1.08 (95% confidence limits were −2.12, −0.13) on a logit scale. Our approach to modeling daily nest-survival rates allowed several biological factors of interest to be easily included in nest survival models and allowed us to generate more biologically meaningful estimates of nest survival.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[3476:ATFMAN]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Dinsmore, S., White, G.C., and Knopf, F., 2002, Advanced techniques for modeling avian nest survival: Ecology, v. 83, no. 12, p. 3476-3488, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[3476:ATFMAN]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3476","endPage":"3488","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69924c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinsmore, S.J.","contributorId":85114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinsmore","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015246,"text":"1015246 - 2002 - Economic costs of electrical system instability and power outages caused by snakes on the Island of Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T14:08:26.681477","indexId":"1015246","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2018,"text":"International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economic costs of electrical system instability and power outages caused by snakes on the Island of Guam","docAbstract":"<p>The Brown Tree Snake, <i>Boiga irregularis</i>, is an introduced species on Guam where it causes frequent electrical power outages. The snake's high abundance, its propensity for climbing, and use of disturbed habitats all contribute to interruption of Guam's electrical service and the activities that depend on electrical power. Snakes have caused more than 1600 power outages in the 20-yr period of 1978–1997 and most recently nearly 200 outages per year. Single outages spanning the entire island and lasting 8 or more hours are estimated to cost in excess of \\$3,000,000 in lost productivity, but the costs of outages that involve only parts of the island or those of shorter durations are more difficult to quantify. Costs to the island's economy have exceeded $4.5 M&nbsp;per year over a 7-yr period without considering repair costs, damage to electrical equipment, and lost revenues. Snakes pose the greatest problem on high voltage transmission lines, on transformers, and inside electrical substations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00108-1","usgsCitation":"Fritts, T.H., 2002, Economic costs of electrical system instability and power outages caused by snakes on the Island of Guam: International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, v. 49, p. 93-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00108-1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              144.5526123046875,\n              13.19917004906758\n            ],\n            [\n              144.9968719482422,\n              13.19917004906758\n            ],\n            [\n              144.9968719482422,\n              13.686019186915203\n            ],\n            [\n              144.5526123046875,\n              13.686019186915203\n            ],\n            [\n              144.5526123046875,\n              13.19917004906758\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625e12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015248,"text":"1015248 - 2002 - Razorback sucker movements and habitat use in the San Juan River inflow, Lake Powell, Utah, 1995-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T17:22:09","indexId":"1015248","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Razorback sucker movements and habitat use in the San Juan River inflow, Lake Powell, Utah, 1995-1997","docAbstract":"<p>Seventeen subadult, hatchery-reared razorback suckers (<i>Xyrauchen texanus</i>; (x̄ = 456 mm total length) were implanted with sonic transmitters and tracked for 23 months in the lower 89.6 km of the San Juan River (San Juan arm of Lake Powell, Utah). Fish were released at 2 sites, and 9 made extensive up-and downstream movements (x = 47.8 km; contact was lost with 4, and 4 others presumably died or lost their transmitters). The San Juan arm is primarily inundated canyon; however, most fish contacts occurred in shallow coves and shoreline with thick stands of flooded salt cedar in the upper inflow area. Eight fish frequented the Piute Farms river/lake mixing zone, and at least 4 moved upstream into the San Juan River. Seven fish were found in 2 aggregations in spring (3 fish in Neskahi Bay in 1996 and 4 fish just downstream of Piute Farms in 1997), and these may have been associated with spawning activity. Continued presence of razorback suckers in the Piute Farms area and lower San Juan River suggests the San Juan inflow to Lake Powell could be used as an alternate stocking site for reintroduction efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Karp, C., and Mueller, G., 2002, Razorback sucker movements and habitat use in the San Juan River inflow, Lake Powell, Utah, 1995-1997: Western North American Naturalist, v. 62, no. 1, p. 106-111.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14969,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41717163","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"1692.000000000000000"},{"id":132404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karp, C.A.","contributorId":81454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karp","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, G.","contributorId":81852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015243,"text":"1015243 - 2002 - Observations of the larval stages of Diceroprocta apache Davis (Homoptera: Tibicinidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T20:02:56","indexId":"1015243","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2556,"text":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Observations of the larval stages of <i>Diceroprocta apache</i> Davis (Homoptera: Tibicinidae)","title":"Observations of the larval stages of Diceroprocta apache Davis (Homoptera: Tibicinidae)","docAbstract":"<p><i>Diceroprocta apache</i> Davis is a locally abundant cicada in the riparian woodlands of the southwestern United States. While its ecological importance has often been hypothesized, very little is known of its specific life history. This paper presents preliminary information on life history of <i>D. apache</i> from larvae collected in the field at seasonal intervals as well as a smaller number of reared specimens. Morphological development of the fore-femoral comb closely parallels growth through distinct size classes. The data indicate the presence of five larval instars in <i>D. apache</i>. Development times from greenhouse-reared specimens suggest a 3-4 year life span and overlapping broods were present in the field. Sex ratios among pre-emergent larvae suggest the asynchronous emergence of sexes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kansas (Central States) Entomological Society","usgsCitation":"Ellingson, A., Andersen, D., and Kondratieff, B., 2002, Observations of the larval stages of Diceroprocta apache Davis (Homoptera: Tibicinidae): Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, v. 75, no. 4, p. 283-289.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"289","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14872,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25481788"}],"volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellingson, A.R.","contributorId":19514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellingson","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kondratieff, B.C.","contributorId":103230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024442,"text":"70024442 - 2002 - Persistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears collected from northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024442","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears collected from northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Blubber samples from ringed seal (Phoca hispida; n=8) and polar bear subcutaneous fat (Ursus maritimus; n=5) were collected near Barrow, Alaska in 1996 as part of the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) and retained in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland (USA). The samples were analyzed for a variety of persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), chlordane and metabolites, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and DDTs and metabolites. The geometric mean, on a wet mass basis, of ??PCBs (sum of 29 congeners and congener groups) were 732??282 ng/g (1 S.D.) in seals and 3395??1442 ng/g in polar bears. The geometric mean of ??DDTs, ??HCHs (??-, ??- and ??- HCH) and HCB concentrations (wet mass basis) in seals and bears were 562??261 ng/g vs. 74.8??39 ng/g, 380??213 ng/g vs. 515 ng/g, and 17.4??10.1 ng/g vs. 183??153 ng/g, respectively. The geometric mean sum of chlordane (??chlordane, sum of cis- and trans-chlordane, cis- and trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide) and dieldrin concentrations in ringed seals and polar bears were 753??617 ng/g vs. 720??315 ng/g and 38.6??22.8 ng/g vs. 130??65 ng/g, respectively. Apparent bioaccumulation factors (polar bear/ringed seal POP concentrations) were lower in the animals sampled near Barrow, Alaska than in those from locations in the Canadian Arctic. This suggests that polar bears are also preying on marine mammals from lower trophic levels than the ringed seals with correspondingly lower organochlorine levels, such as bowhead whale carcasses. PCB congener patterns in the samples demonstrated the metabolism of certain PCB congeners in the polar bear relative to the ringed seal in agreement with previous studies. Regional comparisons of animals collected in Alaska and Arctic Canada are presented. Copyright ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00997-4","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Kucklick, J., Struntz, W., Becker, P., York, G., O'Hara, T., and Bohonowych, J., 2002, Persistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears collected from northern Alaska: Science of the Total Environment, v. 287, no. 1-2, p. 45-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00997-4.","startPage":"45","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207087,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00997-4"},{"id":231695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"287","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76fde4b0c8380cd783d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kucklick, J.R.","contributorId":66446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucklick","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Struntz, W.D.J.","contributorId":11381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Struntz","given":"W.D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Becker, P.R.","contributorId":101035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"York, G.W.","contributorId":105474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Hara, T. M.","contributorId":64610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Hara","given":"T. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohonowych, J.E.","contributorId":65250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohonowych","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023917,"text":"70023917 - 2002 - A Geothermal GIS for Nevada: Defining Regional Controls and Favorable Exploration Terrains for Extensional Geothermal Systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023917","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A Geothermal GIS for Nevada: Defining Regional Controls and Favorable Exploration Terrains for Extensional Geothermal Systems","docAbstract":"Spatial analysis with a GIS was used to evaluate geothermal systems in Nevada using digital maps of geology, heat flow, young faults, young volcanism, depth to groundwater, groundwater geochemistry, earthquakes, and gravity. High-temperature (>160??C) extensional geothermal systems are preferentially associated with northeast-striking late Pleistocene and younger faults, caused by crustal extension, which in most of Nevada is currently oriented northwesterly (as measured by GPS). The distribution of sparse young (<1.5Ma) basaltic vents also correlate with geothermal systems, possibly because the vents help identify which young structures penetrate deeply into the crust. As expected, elevated concentrations of boron and lithium in groundwater were found to be favorable indicators of geothermal activity. Known high-temperature (>160??C) geothermal systems in Nevada are more likely to occur in areas where the groundwater table is shallow (<30m). Undiscovered geothermal systems may occur where groundwater levels are deeper and hot springs do not issue at the surface. A logistic regression exploration model was developed for geothermal systems, using young faults, young volcanics, positive gravity anomalies, and earthquakes to predict areas where deeper groundwater tables are most likely to conceal geothermal systems.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council: 2002 Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"22 September 2002 through 25 September 2002","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","issn":"01935933","usgsCitation":"Coolbaugh, M., Taranik, J., Raines, G.L., Shevenell, L., Sawatzky, D.L., Bedell, R., and Minor, T., 2002, A Geothermal GIS for Nevada: Defining Regional Controls and Favorable Exploration Terrains for Extensional Geothermal Systems, <i>in</i> Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, Reno, NV, 22 September 2002 through 25 September 2002, p. 485-490.","startPage":"485","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2e1e4b0c8380cd45cdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coolbaugh, M.F.","contributorId":55034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coolbaugh","given":"M.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taranik, J. V.","contributorId":91658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taranik","given":"J. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raines, G. L.","contributorId":90720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"G.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shevenell, L.A.","contributorId":13777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevenell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sawatzky, D. L.","contributorId":79113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawatzky","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bedell, R.","contributorId":21724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedell","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Minor, T.B.","contributorId":95650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024204,"text":"70024204 - 2002 - Further considerations of the Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce plot in volcanology and tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-20T14:19:18.88373","indexId":"70024204","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Further considerations of the Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce plot in volcanology and tectonics","docAbstract":"<p>A plot of Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce, for locality averages, effectively separates mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) (Ce/Yb &lt;10, Ba/Ce 1-4.2), oceanic island volcanics (OIV) (Ce/Yb &gt;10, Ba/Ce &lt;6), which are generally hotspot related, and island arc volcanics (IAV) (Ce/Yb &lt;23, Ba/Ce &gt;4.2). The conventional interpretation is that these three types of volcanic environments involve oceanic rift-related, large-volume partial melts (˜20-30%) of a depleted source (MORB), small volume melts (˜5% for alkalic volcanics) of enriched sources related to plumes (OIV), and melts of hydrous-enriched sources during subduction, especially for Ba (IAV). Three OIV sites, however, have average ratios that fall in the MORB field (e.g., Krafla Volcano, Iceland), and these localities also tend to have other geochemical data similar to MORB. Average ratios of Hawaiian tholeiitic shield basalts of Mauna Kea and Koolau volcanoes occupy a restricted field on a plot of Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce of 10-18 for Ce/Yb and 2.8-3.1 for Ba/Ce, a field toward which other shield basalts and cone-building volcanics regress. In general, post-shield alkalic rocks have higher values of Ce/Yb than do tholeiites. Peralkalic basalts (basanites, melilitites, and phonolites) have even higher values of Ce/Yb, reflecting smaller degrees of partial melting (perhaps 1-2%) and melting of sources containing phlogopite that were enriched by CO<sub>2</sub>-dominated fluids. The minor post-erosion nephelinitic suites of Hawaii (e.g., the Honolulu Series on Oahu, and the Koloa suite on Kauai) generally have values both greater than IAV for Ce/Yb and greater than other kinds of OIV for Ba/Ce in a part of the plot previously not found to be occupied by data. Alkali basalts of both these nephelinitic series have the lowest and similar ratios (Ce/Yb ˜ 25; Ba/Ce ˜ 10). In the Hawaiian Islands, there are two trends. One (a), where phlogopite has been interpreted to remain in the source, generally has Ba/Ce decrease away from the alkali basalts as Ce/Yb increases. The other (b), where phlogopite has been interpreted to enter the melt, occupies a field that is high in both Ce/Yb (&gt;30) relative to IAV and in Ba/Ce (&gt;8) relative to the OIV field.</p><p>There are some exceptions, also, for IAV that plot outside the IAV field. The values of Ce/Yb in Mariana Islands samples, for example, are exceptionally low for the IAV (Ce/Yb &lt;5 with many samples &lt;2). Examples of two cross-chain Kasuga Islands, however, have average values of Ce/Yb considerably greater than for any other Mariana Islands data, and individual samples extend from within the IAV field into the OIV field, which may indicate a mixture of IAV and OIV sources (rather than involvement of a hotspot, these island volcanics have been interpreted as magma of OIV entrapped \"plums\" in an IAV \"pudding\" by Stern et al., 1993).</p><p>Not surprisingly, continental arc volcanics (CAV) are generally similar to IAV, but with somewhat greater dispersion in Ce/Yb, perhaps representing a larger contribution of continental materials to the volcanics. Continental rift volcanics (CRV) are complex. The Antarctic rift data fall in the OIV field, and clearly define a hotspot origin for the rift with little contamination in the continental lithosphere, but most CRV data fall in the IAV field (Rio Grande rift tholeiites, Yellowstone Plateau basalts, Columbia River basalts, East African rift basalts). The Yellowstone basalt samples judged to be least crustally contaminated from other considerations (e.g., through Pb and Sr isotopes) approach closest to the OIV or hotspot field in the Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce plot, compatible with a hotspot origin with variable continental lithosphere interactions. The data from the Rio Grande rift have no such trend in Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce. Other trace element and isotopic data are suggestive of a different kind of origin, perhaps melting in the continental lithosphere from pressure release or other causes as suggested in the literature.</p><p>Carbonatites, kimberlites, and ultrapotassic rocks form extreme end members for the peralkalic rocks on the continents with Ce/Yb values in the hundreds and even exceeding 1,000 in natrocarbonatite. Carbonatites and kimberlite type I, however, have Ba/Ce &lt;8 with few exceptions. Ultrapo tassic rocks and kimberlite type II also have Ce/Yb values in the hundreds but with Ba/Ce &gt;9. These rocks, although rare in the ocean basins (e.g., carbonatite on São Vicente Island in the Cape Verdes archipelago, Indian Ocean) plot similarly to their continental cousins. For Hawaii, the nephelinitic suites of both the Honolulu and Koloa series trend from alkali and alkali olivine basalt ratios toward higher signatures for Ce/Yb for other rock types. The Honolulu series, however, progresses towards smaller values of Ba/Ce for nephelinite-melilitite (Ce/Yb ˜ 85; Ba/Ce ˜ 5-7) near the low end of Ce/Yb found in carbonatite/kimberlite type I, whereas the Koloa series progresses toward higher Ba/Ce (Ce/Yb ˜ 65; Ba/Ce ˜ 14-15) for nephelinite-melilitite with Ce/Yb values near the lower end of kimberlite type II/ultrapotassic rocks. Carbonated phlogopitic sources have been proposed for peralkalic rocks of both oceans and continents. Carbonatites and/or kimberlites are suggested to possibly be present at depth under the Hawaiian nephelinitic series and in other OIV environments containing peralkalic suites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.44.10.877","usgsCitation":"Doe, B.R., 2002, Further considerations of the Ce/Yb vs. Ba/Ce plot in volcanology and tectonics: International Geology Review, v. 44, no. 10, p. 877-912, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.44.10.877.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"912","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1422e4b0c8380cd5490f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doe, Bruce R.","contributorId":87554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023955,"text":"70023955 - 2002 - Snow, topography, and the diurnal cycle in streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023955","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Snow, topography, and the diurnal cycle in streamflow","docAbstract":"Because snowmelt processes are spatially complex, point measurements, particularly in mountainous regions, are often inadequate to resolve basin-scale characteristics. Satellite measurements provide good spatial sampling but are often infrequent in time, particularly during cloudy weather. Fortunately, hourly measurements of river discharge provide another widely available, but as yet underutilized, source of information, providing direct information on basin output at a fine temporal scale. The hour of maximum discharge recorded each day reflects the travel time between peak melt and the time most water reaches the gauge. Traditional theories, based on numerical models of melt-water percolation through a snowpack and localized, small-basin observations, report that the hour of daily maximum flow becomes earlier as the snowpack thins and matures, reflecting shorter travel times for surface melt to reach the base of the snowpack. However, an examination of hourly discharge from 100 basins in the Western United States, ranging in size from 1.3 km2 to 10,813 km2, reveals a more complex situation. The sequences of seasonal evolution of the hour of maximum discharge are unique to each basin, but within a given basin are remarkably consistent between years, regardless of the size of the snowpack. This seems to imply that basin topography strongly influences the timing of peak flow. In most of the basins examined, at the end of the melt season, the hour of maximum discharge shifts to later in the day, reflecting increased travel times as the snowline retreats to higher elevations.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference","conferenceTitle":"70th Annual Meeting Western Snow Conference","conferenceDate":"20 May 2002 through 23 May 2002","conferenceLocation":"Granby, CO","language":"English","issn":"01610589","usgsCitation":"Lundquist, J., Knowles, N., Dettinger, M., and Cayan, D., 2002, Snow, topography, and the diurnal cycle in streamflow, <i>in</i> Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference, Granby, CO, 20 May 2002 through 23 May 2002, p. 153-156.","startPage":"153","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91b5e4b08c986b319a53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundquist, J.D.","contributorId":93243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundquist","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, N.","contributorId":61212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cayan, D.","contributorId":49563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024657,"text":"70024657 - 2002 - Strain accumulation and rotation in western Oregon and southwestern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-24T14:05:53.146701","indexId":"70024657","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strain accumulation and rotation in western Oregon and southwestern Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>Velocities of 75 geodetic monuments in western Oregon and southwestern Washington extending from the coast to more than 300 km inland have been determined from GPS surveys over the interval 1992–2000. The average standard deviation in each of the horizontal velocity components is ∼1 mm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The observed velocity field is approximated by a combination of rigid rotation (Euler vector relative to interior North America: 43.40°N ± 0.14°, 119.33°W ± 0.28°, and 0.822 ± 0.057° Myr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;clockwise; quoted uncertainties are standard deviations), uniform regional strain rate (ε</span><sub>EE</sub><span>&nbsp;= −7.4 ± 1.8, ε</span><sub>EN</sub><span>&nbsp;= −3.4 ± 1.0, and ε</span><sub>NN</sub><span>&nbsp;= −5.0 ± 0.8 nstrain yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, extension reckoned positive), and a dislocation model representing subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath North America. Subduction south of 44.5°N was represented by a 40‐km‐wide locked thrust and subduction north of 44.5°N by a 75‐km‐wide locked thrust.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000625","usgsCitation":"Svarc, J.L., Savage, J., Prescott, W., and Murray, M., 2002, Strain accumulation and rotation in western Oregon and southwestern Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B5, p. ETG 1-1-ETG 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000625.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"ETG 1-1","endPage":"ETG 1-8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478768,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000625","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232810,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126.62841796875,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.89501953124999,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.89501953124999,\n              48.122101028190805\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.62841796875,\n              48.122101028190805\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.62841796875,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9894e4b08c986b31c0ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray, M.H.","contributorId":50171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023878,"text":"70023878 - 2002 - Nitrate stable isotopes: Tools for determining nitrate sources among different land uses in the Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T07:59:53","indexId":"70023878","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate stable isotopes: Tools for determining nitrate sources among different land uses in the Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"<div class=\"box-pad border-lightgray margin-bottom\"><div><div class=\"abstractSection\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p class=\"first last\">A study was conducted to determine whether NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>stable isotopes (δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O), at natural abundance levels, could discriminate among NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>sources from sites with different land uses at the basin scale. Water samples were collected from 24 sites in the Mississippi River Basin from five land-use categories: (1) large river basins (&gt;34 590 km<sup>2</sup>) draining multiple land uses and smaller basins in which the predominant land use was (2) urban, (3) undeveloped, (4) crops, or (5) crops and livestock. Our data suggest that riverine nitrates from different land uses have overlapping but moderately distinct isotopic signatures. δ<sup>18</sup>O data were critical in showing abrupt changes in NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>source with discharge. The isotopic values of large rivers resembled crop sites, sites with livestock tended to have δ<sup>15</sup>N values characteristic of manure, and urban sites tended to have high δ<sup>18</sup>O values characteristic of atmospheric nitrate.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/f02-153","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Chang, C.C., Kendall, C., Silva, S.R., Battaglin, W., and Campbell, K., 2002, Nitrate stable isotopes: Tools for determining nitrate sources among different land uses in the Mississippi River Basin: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 59, no. 12, p. 1874-1885, https://doi.org/10.1139/f02-153.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1874","endPage":"1885","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207038,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-153"}],"volume":"59","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66b1e4b0c8380cd72f1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silva, S. R.","contributorId":27474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023879,"text":"70023879 - 2002 - Fragmentation: Is the message clear?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T16:42:06.336735","indexId":"70023879","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1323,"text":"Conservation Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fragmentation: Is the message clear?","docAbstract":"In this paper, we briefly discuss some of the fundamental problems arising from the inherent complexity of larger-scale ecological systems. We examine the tenuous assumption of a direct correspondence between ecological data and theory, we comment on a recent report that evaluated the efficacy of fragmentation experiments, and we briefly assess its implications for ecological research and conservation practice on the landscape scale.","language":"English","publisher":"The Resilience Alliance","doi":"10.5751/ES-00415-060214","usgsCitation":"Bissonnette, J., and Storch, I., 2002, Fragmentation: Is the message clear?: Conservation Ecology, v. 6, no. 2, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-00415-060214.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/d96308ad37304df49052b8e9914b45c6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13b9e4b0c8380cd54769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bissonnette, J.A.","contributorId":30783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissonnette","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storch, Ilse","contributorId":91272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storch","given":"Ilse","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}