{"pageNumber":"3019","pageRowStart":"75450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184743,"records":[{"id":70024162,"text":"70024162 - 2002 - Nitrogen dynamics in an Alaskan salt marsh following spring use by geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:21:43","indexId":"70024162","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen dynamics in an Alaskan salt marsh following spring use by geese","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lesser snow geese (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Anser caerulescens caerulescens</i><span>) and Canada geese (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Branta canadensis</i><span>) use several salt marshes in Cook Inlet, Alaska, as stopover areas for brief periods during spring migration. We investigated the effects of geese on nitrogen cycling processes in Susitna Flats, one of the marshes. We compared net nitrogen mineralization, organic nitrogen pools and production in buried bags, nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria, and soil and litter characteristics on grazed plots versus paired plots that had been exclosed from grazing for 3&nbsp;years. Grazed areas had higher rates of net nitrogen mineralization in the spring and there was no effect of grazing on organic nitrogen availability. The increased mineralization rates in grazed plots could not be accounted for by alteration of litter quality, litter quantity, microclimate, or root biomass, which were not different between grazed and exclosed plots. In addition, fecal input was very slight in the year that we studied nitrogen cycling. We propose that trampling had two effects that could account for greater nitrogen availability in grazed areas: litter incorporation into soil, resulting in increased rates of decomposition and mineralization of litter material, and greater rates of nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria on bare, trampled soils. A path analysis indicated that litter incorporation by trampling played a primary role in the nitrogen dynamics of the system, with nitrogen fixation secondary, and that fecal input was of little importance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-001-0837-9","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Zacheis, A.B., Ruess, R.W., and Hupp, J.W., 2002, Nitrogen dynamics in an Alaskan salt marsh following spring use by geese: Oecologia, v. 130, no. 4, p. 600-608, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-001-0837-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"608","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","volume":"130","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66d0e4b0c8380cd72fe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zacheis, Amy B.","contributorId":92460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zacheis","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruess, Roger W.","contributorId":45483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruess","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024060,"text":"70024060 - 2002 - On-orbit radiometric calibration over time and between spacecraft using the moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024060","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"On-orbit radiometric calibration over time and between spacecraft using the moon","docAbstract":"The Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) project has developed a spectral irradiance model of the Moon that accounts for variations with lunar phase through the bright half of a month, lunar librations, and the location of an Earth-orbiting spacecraft. The methodology of comparing spacecraft observations of the Moon with this model has been developed to a set of standardized procedures so that comparisons can be readily made. In the cases where observations extend over several years (e.g., SeaWiFS), instrument response degradation has been determined with precision of about 0.1% per year. Because of the strong dependence of lunar irradiance on geometric angles, observations by two spacecraft cannot be directly compared unless acquired at the same time and location. Rather, the lunar irradiance based on each spacecraft instrument calibration can be compared with the lunar irradiance model. Even single observations by an instrument allow inter-comparison of its radiometric scale with other instruments participating in the lunar calibration program. Observations by SeaWiFS, ALI, Hyperion and MTI are compared here.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites VI","conferenceDate":"23 September 2002 through 26 September 2002","conferenceLocation":"Agia Pelagia, Crete","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.462611","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H.H., Stone, T., Barnes, R., Bender, S., Eplee, R., Mendenhall, J., and Ong, L., 2002, On-orbit radiometric calibration over time and between spacecraft using the moon, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4881, Agia Pelagia, Crete, 23 September 2002 through 26 September 2002, p. 287-298, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.462611.","startPage":"287","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207150,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.462611"}],"volume":"4881","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e1ee4b0c8380cd754cc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fujisada H.Lurie J.B.Aten M.L.Weber K.","contributorId":128398,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Fujisada H.Lurie J.B.Aten M.L.Weber K.","id":536529,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, T.C.","contributorId":74874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, R.A.","contributorId":84113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bender, S.","contributorId":103038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eplee, R.E. Jr.","contributorId":65221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eplee","given":"R.E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mendenhall, J.","contributorId":24129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendenhall","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ong, L.","contributorId":63565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ong","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024106,"text":"70024106 - 2002 - Estradiol-induced gene expression in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024106","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2782,"text":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estradiol-induced gene expression in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","docAbstract":"Vitellogenin (Vtg) and estrogen receptor (ER) gene expression levels were measured in largemouth bass to evaluate the activation of the ER-mediated pathway by estradiol (E2). Single injections of E2 ranging from 0.0005 to 5 mg/kg up-regulated plasma Vtg in a dose-dependent manner. Vtg and ER mRNAs were measured using partial cDNA sequences corresponding to the C-terminal domain for Vtg and the ligand-binding domain of ER?? sequences. After acute E2-exposures (2 mg/kg), Vtg and ER mRNAs and plasma Vtg levels peaked after 2 days. The rate of ER mRNA accumulation peaked 36-42 h earlier than Vtg mRNA. The expression window for ER defines the primary response to E2 in largemouth bass and that for Vtg a delayed primary response. The specific effect of E2 on other estrogen-regulated genes was tested during these same time windows using differential display RT-PCR. Specific up-regulated genes that are expressed in the same time window as Vtg were ERp72 (a membrane-bound disulfide isomerase) and a gene with homology to an expressed gene identified in zebrafish. Genes that were expressed in a pattern that mimics the ER include the gene for zona radiata protein ZP2, and a gene with homology to an expressed gene found in winter flounder. One gene for fibrinogen ?? was down-regulated and an unidentified gene was transiently up-regulated after 12 h of exposure and returned to basal levels by 48 h. Taken together these studies indicate that the acute molecular response to E2 involves a complex network of responses over time. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00224-1","issn":"03037207","usgsCitation":"Bowman, C., Kroll, K., Gross, T., and Denslow, N., 2002, Estradiol-induced gene expression in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, v. 196, no. 1-2, p. 67-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00224-1.","startPage":"67","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00224-1"},{"id":232024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"196","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bc0e4b0c8380cd52872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowman, C.J.","contributorId":37501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowman","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kroll, K.J.","contributorId":37921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroll","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, T.G.","contributorId":86929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024082,"text":"70024082 - 2002 - The flora of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T07:08:41","indexId":"70024082","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3322,"text":"SIDA, Contributions to Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The flora of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi","docAbstract":"We surveyed the flora of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi, U.S.A., from February 1994 to 1996. Occupying 118 square kilometers in east-central Mississippi, Oktibbeha County lies among 3 physiographic regions that include, from west to east, Interior Flatwoods, Pontotoc Ridge, and Black Prairie. Accordingly, the county harbors a diverse flora. Based on field work, as well as an extensive review of published literature and herbarium records at IBE and MISSA, we recorded a total of 1,148 taxa (1,125 species, 7 hybrids, 16 infraspecific taxa) belonging to 514 genera in 160 families, over 85% of all taxa documented were native. Compared to 3 other counties in east-central Mississippi, Oktibbeha County has the second largest recorded flora. The number of state-listed (endangered, threatened, or of special concern) taxa (67) documented in this survey far exceeds that reported from any other county in the region. Three introduced species, Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton, Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carrie??re, and Nandina domestica Thunb., are reported in a naturalized state for the first time from Mississippi. We also describe 16 different plant communities belonging to 5 broad habitat categories: bottomland forests, upland forests and prairies, aquatic habitats, seepage areas, and human-influenced habitats. A detailed description of the vegetation associated with each of these communities is provided.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SIDA, Contributions to Botany","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00361488","usgsCitation":"Leidolf, A., McDaniel, S., and Nuttle, T., 2002, The flora of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi: SIDA, Contributions to Botany, v. 20, no. 2, p. 691-765.","startPage":"691","endPage":"765","numberOfPages":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269879,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9309044"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac12e4b08c986b32325a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leidolf, A.","contributorId":54760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leidolf","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDaniel, S.","contributorId":84111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDaniel","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nuttle, T.","contributorId":53985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuttle","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024061,"text":"70024061 - 2002 - Effects of subcutaneous transmitters on reproduction, incubation behavior, and annual return rates of female wood ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024061","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of subcutaneous transmitters on reproduction, incubation behavior, and annual return rates of female wood ducks","docAbstract":"Radiotransmitters attached externally to breeding waterfowl can have a variety of negative effects. Implanted transmitters can reduce potential deleterious effects; abdominal implants are used most commonly in waterfowl. Methods also have been developed to implant transmitters subcutaneously, but effects of subcutaneous implants on adult ducks have not been evaluated. In this study, we subcutaneously implanted radiotransmitters in pre-laying female wood ducks (Aix sponsa, n = 62) and compared nest initiation date, incubation behavior, body mass, and annual return rates of radiomarked females to a group of females that were not radiomarked. Ninety-six percent (50 of 52) of radiomarked females that were monitored for the entire breeding season initiated nests. Nesting date of radiomarked adult females did not differ from that of adult females without radios, but radiomarked yearling females nested earlier than yearlings not receiving transmitters. We found no differences in early- and late-incubation body mass, incubation constancy, recess frequency, and incubation period between radiomarked females and those without radios. Annual return rates of females that initiated nests did not differ between radiomarked females and those not receiving radios. Data suggest that implanting radiotransmitters subcutaneously in pre-laying female wood ducks did not negatively impact subsequent reproduction, incubation behavior, and survival.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Hepp, G.R., Folk, T., and Hartke, K.M., 2002, Effects of subcutaneous transmitters on reproduction, incubation behavior, and annual return rates of female wood ducks: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1208-1214.","startPage":"1208","endPage":"1214","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07e5e4b0c8380cd518ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hepp, Gary R.","contributorId":8191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hepp","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folk, T.H.","contributorId":50688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folk","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartke, Kevin M.","contributorId":84048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartke","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024210,"text":"70024210 - 2002 - Linker-assisted immunoassay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of glyphosate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:35:36","indexId":"70024210","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linker-assisted immunoassay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of glyphosate","docAbstract":"<p>A novel, sensitive, linker-assisted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (L'ELISA) was compared to on-line solidphase extraction (SPE) with high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) for the analysis of glyphosate in surface water and groundwater samples. The L'ELISA used succinic anhydride to derivatize glyphosate, which mimics the epitotic attachment of glyphosate to horseradish peroxidase hapten. Thus, L'ELISA recognized the derivatized glyphosate more effectively (detection limit of 0.1 μg/L) and with increased sensitivity (10-100 times) over conventional ELISA and showed the potential for other applications. The precision and accuracy of L'ELISA then was compared with on-line SPE/HPLC/MS, which detected glyphosate and its degradate derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate using negative-ion electrospray (detection limit 0.1 μg/L, relative standard deviation ±15%). Derivatization efficiency and matrix effects were minimized by adding an isotope-labeled glyphosate (2-<sup>13</sup>C<sup>15</sup>N). The accuracy of L'ELISA gave a false positive rate of 18% between 0.1 and 1.0 μg/L and a false positive rate of only 1% above 1.0 μg/L. The relative standard deviation was ±20%. The correlation of L'ELISA and HPLC/MS for 66 surface water and groundwater samples was 0.97 with a slope of 1.28, with many detections of glyphosate and its degradate in surface water but not in groundwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac020208y","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Lee, E., Zimmerman, L., Bhullar, B., and Thurman, E., 2002, Linker-assisted immunoassay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of glyphosate: Analytical Chemistry, v. 74, no. 19, p. 4937-4943, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac020208y.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4937","endPage":"4943","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207155,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac020208y"}],"volume":"74","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47cee4b0c8380cd679b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, E.A.","contributorId":48608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bhullar, B.S.","contributorId":107879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhullar","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024062,"text":"70024062 - 2002 - Deep arid system hydrodynamics 1. Equilibrium states and response times in thick desert vadose zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:46:33","indexId":"70024062","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep arid system hydrodynamics 1. Equilibrium states and response times in thick desert vadose zones","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantifying moisture fluxes through deep desert soils remains difficult because of the small magnitude of the fluxes and the lack of a comprehensive model to describe flow and transport through such dry material. A particular challenge for such a model is reproducing both observed matric potential and chloride profiles. We propose a conceptual model for flow in desert vadose zones that includes isothermal and nonisothermal vapor transport and the role of desert vegetation in supporting a net upward moisture flux below the root zone. Numerical simulations incorporating this conceptual model match typical matric potential and chloride profiles. The modeling approach thereby reconciles the paradox between the recognized importance of plants, upward driving forces, and vapor flow processes in desert vadose zones and the inadequacy of the downward‐only liquid flow assumption of the conventional chloride mass balance approach. Our work shows that water transport in thick desert vadose zones at steady state is usually dominated by upward vapor flow and that long response times, of the order of 10</span><sup>4</sup><span>–10</span><sup>5</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>years, are required to equilibrate to existing arid surface conditions. Simulation results indicate that most thick desert vadose zones have been locked in slow drying transients that began in response to a climate shift and establishment of desert vegetation many thousands of years ago.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000824","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Plummer, M.A., Phillips, F.M., and Wolfsberg, A.V., 2002, Deep arid system hydrodynamics 1. Equilibrium states and response times in thick desert vadose zones: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 44-1-44-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000824.","productDescription":"1308; 15 p.","startPage":"44-1","endPage":"44-15","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe1ce4b0c8380cd4eb1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Mitchell A.","contributorId":127420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plummer","given":"Mitchell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfsberg, Andrew V.","contributorId":22530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolfsberg","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024079,"text":"70024079 - 2002 - An index of biological integrity for northern Mid-Atlantic Slope drainages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70024079","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An index of biological integrity for northern Mid-Atlantic Slope drainages","docAbstract":"An index of biological integrity (IBI) was developed for streams in the Hudson, Delaware, and Susquehanna River drainages in the northeastern United States based on fish assemblage data from the Mohawk River drainage of New York. The original IBI, developed for streams in the U.S. Midwest, was modified to reflect the assemblage composition and structure present in Mid-Atlantic Slope drainages. We replaced several of the Midwestern IBI metrics and criteria scores because fishes common to the Midwest are absent from or poorly represented in the Northeast and because stream fish assemblages in the Northeast are less rich than those in the Midwest. For all replacement metrics we followed the ecology-based rationale used in the development of each of the metrics of the Midwestern IBI so that the basic theoretical underpinnings of the IBI remained unchanged. The validity of this modified IBI is demonstrated by examining the quality of streams in the Hudson, Delaware, and lower Susquehanna River basins. The relationships between the IBI and other indicators of environmental quality are examined using data on assemblages of fish and benthic macroinvertebrates and on chemical and physical stream characteristics obtained during 1993-2000 by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program in these three river basins. A principal components analysis (PCA) of chemical and physical variables from 27 sites resulted in an environmental quality gradient as the primary PCA axis (eigenvalue, 0.41 ). Principal components analysis site scores were significantly correlated with such benthic macroinvertebrate metrics as the percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa (Spearman R = -0.66, P < 0.001). Index of biological integrity scores for sites in these three river basins were significantly correlated with this environmental quality gradient (Spearman R = -0.78, P = 0.0001). The northern Mid-Atlantic Slope IBI appears to be sensitive to environmental degradation in all three of the river basins addressed in this study. Adjustment of metric scoring criteria may be warranted, depending on composition of fish species in streams in the study area and on the relative effort used in the collection of fish assemblage data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1044:AIOBIF>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Daniels, R., Riva-Murray, K., Halliwell, D., Vana-Miller, D.L., and Bilger, M.D., 2002, An index of biological integrity for northern Mid-Atlantic Slope drainages: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 6, p. 1044-1060, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1044:AIOBIF>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1044","endPage":"1060","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207042,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1044:AIOBIF>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":231601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea77e4b0c8380cd4889f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniels, R.A.","contributorId":34290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riva-Murray, K.","contributorId":82481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halliwell, D.B.","contributorId":90904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliwell","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vana-Miller, D. L.","contributorId":55998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vana-Miller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bilger, Michael D.","contributorId":14861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024105,"text":"70024105 - 2002 - Structure and flow-induced variability of the subtidal salinity field in northern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T15:46:18.192166","indexId":"70024105","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2426,"text":"Journal of Physical Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and flow-induced variability of the subtidal salinity field in northern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>The structure of the salinity field in northern San Francisco Bay and how it is affected by freshwater flow are discussed. Two datasets are examined: the first is 23 years of daily salinity data taken by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation along the axis of northern San Francisco Bay; the second is a set of salinity transects taken by the U.S. Geological Survey between 1988 and 1993. Central to this paper is a measure of salinity intrusion,&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><sub>2</sub><span>: the distance from the Golden Gate Bridge to where the bottom salinity is 2 psu. Using&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;to scale distance, the authors find that for most flow conditions, the mean salinity distribution of the estuary is nearly self-similar with a salinity gradient in the center 70% of the region between the Golden Gate and&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;that is proportional to&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><sup>−1</sup><sub>2</sub><span>. Analysis of covariability of&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;showed a characteristic timescale of adjustment of the salinity field of approximately 2 weeks. The steady-state response deduced from the&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;time series implies that&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;is proportional to riverflow to the 1/7 power. This relation, which differs from the standard 1/3 power dependence that is derived theoretically assuming constant exchange coefficients, shows that the upstream salt flux associated with gravitational circulation is more sensitive to the longitudinal salinity gradient than theory supposes. This is attributed to the strengthening of stratification caused by the stronger longitudinal salinity gradient that accompanies larger river flows.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<3003:SAFIVO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Monismith, S., Kimmerer, W., Burau, J.R., and Stacey, M., 2002, Structure and flow-induced variability of the subtidal salinity field in northern San Francisco Bay: Journal of Physical Oceanography, v. 32, no. 11, p. 3003-3019, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<3003:SAFIVO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3003","endPage":"3019","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478647,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<3003:safivo>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.52777099609375,\n              37.60552821745789\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.20367431640624,\n              37.60552821745789\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.20367431640624,\n              38.24680876017446\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.52777099609375,\n              38.24680876017446\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.52777099609375,\n              37.60552821745789\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c11e4b08c986b31d26f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimmerer, Wim","contributorId":26584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"Wim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T.","contributorId":94531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark T.","affiliations":[{"id":12776,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,  University of California, Berkeley, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024078,"text":"70024078 - 2002 - Antimicrobial residues in animal waste and water resources proximal to large-scale swine and poultry feeding operations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:45:18","indexId":"70024078","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antimicrobial residues in animal waste and water resources proximal to large-scale swine and poultry feeding operations","docAbstract":"<p>Expansion and intensification of large-scale animal feeding operations (AFOs) in the United States has resulted in concern about environmental contamination and its potential public health impacts. The objective of this investigation was to obtain background data on a broad profile of antimicrobial residues in animal wastes and surface water and groundwater proximal to large-scale swine and poultry operations. The samples were measured for antimicrobial compounds using both radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) techniques. Multiple classes of antimicrobial compounds (commonly at concentrations of &gt;100 &mu;g/l) were detected in swine waste storage lagoons. In addition, multiple classes of antimicrobial compounds were detected in surface and groundwater samples collected proximal to the swine and poultry farms. This information indicates that animal waste used as fertilizer for crops may serve as a source of antimicrobial residues for the environment. Further research is required to determine if the levels of antimicrobials detected in this study are of consequence to human and/or environmental ecosystems. A comparison of the radioimmunoassay and LC/ESI-MS analytical methods documented that radioimmunoassay techniques were only appropriate for measuring residues in animal waste samples likely to contain high levels of antimicrobials. More sensitive LC/ESI-MS techniques are required in environmental samples, where low levels of antimicrobial residues are more likely.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00233-4","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Campagnolo, E., Johnson, K., Karpati, A., Rubin, C., Kolpin, D., Meyer, M.T., Esteban, J.E., Currier, R., Smith, K., Thu, K., and McGeehin, M., 2002, Antimicrobial residues in animal waste and water resources proximal to large-scale swine and poultry feeding operations: Science of the Total Environment, v. 299, no. 1-3, p. 89-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00233-4.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231562,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"299","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec64e4b0c8380cd49250","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campagnolo, E.R.","contributorId":82885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campagnolo","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, K.R.","contributorId":28599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karpati, A.","contributorId":100577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karpati","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rubin, C.S.","contributorId":86522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Esteban, J. Emilio","contributorId":93660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esteban","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Emilio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Currier, R.W.","contributorId":86139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Currier","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, K.","contributorId":100578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thu, K.M.","contributorId":18536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thu","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McGeehin, M.","contributorId":68494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70024203,"text":"70024203 - 2002 - Survival models for harvest management of mourning dove populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-04T22:25:26.281744","indexId":"70024203","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival models for harvest management of mourning dove populations","docAbstract":"Quantitative models of the relationship between annual survival and harvest rate of migratory game-bird populations are essential to science-based harvest management strategies. I used the best available band-recovery and harvest data for mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) to build a set of models based on different assumptions about compensatory harvest mortality. Although these models suffer from lack of contemporary data, they can be used in development of an initial set of population models that synthesize existing demographic data on a management-unit scale, and serve as a tool for prioritization of population demographic information needs. Credible harvest management plans for mourning dove populations will require a long-term commitment to population monitoring and iterative population analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802937","usgsCitation":"Otis, D.L., 2002, Survival models for harvest management of mourning dove populations: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 66, no. 4, p. 1052-1063, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802937.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1052","endPage":"1063","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2bfe4b08c986b31f91e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otis, David L.","contributorId":64396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024201,"text":"70024201 - 2002 - Estimating terrestrial snow depth with the Topex-Poseidon altimeter and radiometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T13:00:49","indexId":"70024201","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating terrestrial snow depth with the Topex-Poseidon altimeter and radiometer","docAbstract":"<p>Active and passive microwave measurements obtained by the dual-frequency Topex-Poseidon radar altimeter from the Northern Great Plains of the United States are used to develop a snow pack radar backscatter model. The model results are compared with daily time series of surface snow observations made by the U.S. National Weather Service. The model results show that Ku-band provides more accurate snow depth determinations than does C-band. Comparing the snow depth determinations derived from the Topex-Poseidon nadir-looking passive microwave radiometers with the oblique-looking Satellite Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave observations and surface observations shows that both instruments accurately portray the temporal characteristics of the snow depth time series. While both retrievals consistently underestimate the actual snow depths, the Topex-Poseidon results are more accurate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2002.802463","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Papa, F., Legresy, B., Mognard, N.M., Josberger, E., and Remy, F., 2002, Estimating terrestrial snow depth with the Topex-Poseidon altimeter and radiometer: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 40, no. 10, p. 2162-2169, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2002.802463.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2162","endPage":"2169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207099,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2002.802463"}],"volume":"40","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b51e4b0c8380cd52692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papa, F.","contributorId":31260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papa","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Legresy, B.","contributorId":23389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legresy","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mognard, N. M.","contributorId":27612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mognard","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Remy, F.","contributorId":91749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remy","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024197,"text":"70024197 - 2002 - The growth-temperature relation and preferred temperatures of juvenile lake herring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T11:35:11","indexId":"70024197","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":656,"text":"Advances in Limnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The growth-temperature relation and preferred temperatures of juvenile lake herring","docAbstract":"<p>Lake herring, Coregonus artedi, were once extremely abundant in the Great Lakes where they functioned as a major trophic integrator, directly linking the planktonic crustacean resource to lake trout. Salvelinus namaycush. Lake herring populations in the Great Lakes collapsed during the middle third of the 20th century due to overfishing, degradation of critical habitat in major production areas, and interaction with exotic species. Fishery and habitat impediments to the recovery of lake herring have been removed, and it may now be possible to reestablish the species in its former habitats in the Great Lakes if adverse interactions with exotic species can be controlled within acceptable limits. To determine the potential for thermal niche overlap and adverse interaction with exotic fishes, juvenile (age-0) lake herring were held in the laboratory at 5, 10, 15, 18, and 21 C, and fed ad libitum for 54 days. The optimum temperature for growth in weight was about 14.5 C, indicating the fundamental thermal niche was 12.5-16.5 C. Fish used in the growth study were also tested in a vertical thermal gradient tank to measure their final preferendum. The final preferendum, 16.5 C, was in close agreement with the optimum temperature for growth and within the fundamental thermal niche. Both the optimum temperature for growth and the final preferendum have been used as measures of thermal niche, but this is the first time both measures were made on the same group of fish. Published information on the fundamental thermal niche, preferred temperatures, thermal habitat use, and feeding habits of alewives, rainbow smelt, and ruffe, indicates they will co-occur in spring, or summer with age-0 lake herring and that collectively they pose a predation threat to small, age-0 lake herring.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart","issn":"00711128","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T., and Desorcie, T., 2002, The growth-temperature relation and preferred temperatures of juvenile lake herring: Advances in Limnology, v. 57, p. 335-342.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"342","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783510470594/Archiv_Advances_in_Limnology_57_Biology"}],"volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacaae4b08c986b323650","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, T.A.","contributorId":73549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desorcie, T.J.","contributorId":96442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015234,"text":"1015234 - 2002 - The importance of rapid, disturbance-induced losses in carbon management and sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T08:51:27","indexId":"1015234","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of rapid, disturbance-induced losses in carbon management and sequestration","docAbstract":"<p>Management of terrestrial carbon fluxes is being proposed as a means of increasing the amount of carbon sequestered in the terrestrial biosphere. This approach is generally viewed only as an interim strategy for the coming decades while other longer-term strategies are developed and implemented&nbsp;—&nbsp;the most important being the direct reduction of carbon emissions. We are concerned that the potential for rapid, disturbance-induced losses may be much greater than is currently appreciated, especially by the decision-making community. Here we wish to: (1) highlight the complex and threshold-like nature of disturbances&nbsp;—&nbsp;such as fire and drought, as well as the erosion associated with each&nbsp;—&nbsp;that could lead to carbon losses; (2) note the global extent of ecosystems that are at risk of such disturbance-induced carbon losses; and (3) call for increased consideration of and research on the mechanisms by which large, rapid disturbance-induced losses of terrestrial carbon could occur<i>.</i> Our lack of ability as a scientific community to predict such ecosystem dynamics is precluding the effective consideration of these processes into strategies and policies related to carbon management and sequestration. Consequently, scientists need to do more to improve quantification of these potential losses and to integrate them into sound, sustainable policy options.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00274.x","usgsCitation":"Breshears, D., and Allen, C.D., 2002, The importance of rapid, disturbance-induced losses in carbon management and sequestration: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 11, no. 1, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00274.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a86e4b07f02db64d8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breshears, D.D.","contributorId":17952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015271,"text":"1015271 - 2002 - How many kilojoules does a Black-billed Magpie nest cost?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-16T22:52:32","indexId":"1015271","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How many kilojoules does a Black-billed Magpie nest cost?","docAbstract":"<p>Energetic costs of nest construction are difficult to estimate for birds, and currently estimates are available for only a handful of species. In this paper, I estimate the minimum cost of nest construction by a pair of Black-billed Magpies (<i>Pica hudsonia</i>). Data on the number of sticks and mud pellets comprising a nest were used to determine the minimum number of trips required to construct the nest, and were combined with information on distances to the nearest sources of nesting materials, data on flight speeds, and bird morphometric measures to estimate costs of transporting nesting materials. For the Black-billed Magpie pair I observed, nest construction required a minimum of 2564 trips for nesting materials, 276.2 km of commuting, 8.4 h of flight, and cost 209.1 kJ. Spreading this cost over the 40 d required to build the nest yields an estimate of 2.61 kJ/adult/day. I compared this value to published estimates of daily metabolizable energy intake for Black-billed Magpies, and calculated that breeding adults would need to increase their daily intake between 0.7% and 1.0% to cover the energetic costs of nest construction. In contrast, egg laying is estimated to require a full 23% of the daily energy expenditure of female magpies. These values suggest the energetic cost of nest building in Black-billed Magpies is relatively insignificant.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-73.3.292","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T., 2002, How many kilojoules does a Black-billed Magpie nest cost?: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 73, no. 3, p. 292-297, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-73.3.292.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68806d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024104,"text":"70024104 - 2002 - Electrofishing for crappies: Electrical settings influence immobilization efficiency, injury, and mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024104","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrofishing for crappies: Electrical settings influence immobilization efficiency, injury, and mortality","docAbstract":"Continuous direct current (DC) and pulsed DC (PDC) of varying frequency and pulse period are commonly used to immobilize and collect crappies Pomoxis spp. in freshwater. However, little information is available about the minimum electrical-setting thresholds required for immobilization or how the settings relate to incidence of injury. We investigated the effect of increasing power densities on the immobilization and injury of black crappies P. nigromaculatus (average total length = 154 mm) treated with DC and various PDC settings. Forced swimming toward the electrodes was observed in black crappies exposed to DC, but that was less apparent for PDC. The minimum peak power densities required to immobilize black crappies ranged from 0.10 to 6.5 mW/cm3 and depended on pulse frequency and period. The incidence of hemorrhaging ranged from 0% to 50% and that of spinal damage from 9% to 45%. However, the severity of injury also depended on pulse frequency and period. No fish suffered mortality at or below the immobilization thresholds, but mortality ranged from 0% to 15% at settings above the thresholds. Mortality was observed with PDC settings of 15 Hz only. Fish that were tetanized following electrical treatment were more prone to injury than those that exhibited narcosis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1442:EFCESI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Dolan, C., Miranda, L., and Henry, T., 2002, Electrofishing for crappies: Electrical settings influence immobilization efficiency, injury, and mortality: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1442-1451, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1442:EFCESI>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1442","endPage":"1451","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207217,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1442:EFCESI>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":231984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08a1e4b0c8380cd51bd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolan, C.R.","contributorId":96870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, T.B.","contributorId":16183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024172,"text":"70024172 - 2002 - Use of Acoustic Doppler Instruments for Measuring Discharge in Streams with Appreciable Sediment Transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024172","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of Acoustic Doppler Instruments for Measuring Discharge in Streams with Appreciable Sediment Transport","docAbstract":"The use of Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) for measuring discharge in streams with sediment transport was discussed. The studies show that the acoustic frequency of an ADCP in combination with the sediment transport characteristics in a river causes the ADCP bottom-tracking algorithms to detect a moving bottom. A moving bottom causes bottom-tracking-referenced water velocities and discharges to be biased low. The results also show that the use of differential global positioning system (DGPS) data allows accurate measurement of water velocities and discharges in such cases.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.S., 2002, Use of Acoustic Doppler Instruments for Measuring Discharge in Streams with Appreciable Sediment Transport, <i>in</i> Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 250-260.","startPage":"250","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe5ae4b08c986b32954f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536532,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, D. S.","contributorId":51338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024196,"text":"70024196 - 2002 - Changes in population and agricultural land in conterminous United States counties, 1790 to 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-04T10:07:29","indexId":"70024196","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in population and agricultural land in conterminous United States counties, 1790 to 1997","docAbstract":"<p>We have developed a data set of changes in population and agricultural land for the conterminous United States at the county level, resulting in more spatial detail than in previously available compilations. The purpose was to provide data on the timing of land conversion as an input to dynamic models of the carbon cycle, although a wide variety of applications exist for the physical, biological, and social sciences. The spatial data represent the appropriate county boundaries for each census year between 1790 and 1997, and the census attributes are attached to the appropriate spatial region. The resulting time series and maps show the history of population (1790-1990) and the history of agricultural development (1850-1997). The patterns of agricultural development reflect the influences of climate, soil productivity, increases in population size, variations in the general economy, and technological changes in the energy, transportation, and agricultural sectors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2001GB001843","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Waisanen, P.J., and Bliss, N.B., 2002, Changes in population and agricultural land in conterminous United States counties, 1790 to 1997: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 16, no. 4, p. 84-1-84-19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001843.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"84-1","endPage":"84-19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gb001843","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f420e4b0c8380cd4bb65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waisanen, Pamela J.","contributorId":62791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waisanen","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024141,"text":"70024141 - 2002 - Effects of an advanced temperature cycle on smolt development and endocrinology indicate that temperature is not a zeitgeber for smolting in Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T16:13:49.924454","indexId":"70024141","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of an advanced temperature cycle on smolt development and endocrinology indicate that temperature is not a zeitgeber for smolting in Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Atlantic salmon (</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>) juveniles were reared under simulated conditions of normal photoperiod (LDN) or short days (LD 9:15) and ambient temperature (AMB: normal temperature increases in April) or an advanced temperature cycle (ADV: temperature increases in February). Under both photoperiod conditions, the timing of increased and peak levels of gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>,K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity were not altered by temperature,although the rate of increase was initially greater under ADV. ADV/LD 9:15 resulted in peak gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>,K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity that was half of that seen under normal photoperiod and temperature conditions. Plasma growth hormone (GH) levels increased threefold in late March under ADV/LDN,but not under ADV/LD 9:15, indicating that there is a photoperiod-dependent effect of temperature on levels of this hormone. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) increased in spring in all groups, with increases occurring significantly earlier in the ADV/LDN group. In each photoperiod condition, the advanced temperature cycle resulted in large decreases in plasma thyroxine(T</span><sub>4</sub><span>) levels in March, which subsequently recovered, whereas plasma 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T</span><sub>3</sub><span>) levels were not substantially affected by either photoperiod or temperature. There was no consistent pattern of change in plasma cortisol levels. The results do not provide support for the role of temperature as a zeitgeber, but do indicate that temperature has a role in the timing of smolting by affecting the rate of development and interacting with the photoperiod.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.205.22.3553","usgsCitation":"McCormick, S., Shrimpton, J., Moriyama, S., and Bjornsson, B.T., 2002, Effects of an advanced temperature cycle on smolt development and endocrinology indicate that temperature is not a zeitgeber for smolting in Atlantic salmon: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 205, no. 22, p. 3553-3560, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.22.3553.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3553","endPage":"3560","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478706,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.22.3553","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"205","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0688e4b0c8380cd512b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shrimpton, J. M.","contributorId":10362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrimpton","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moriyama, S.","contributorId":57408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moriyama","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur","contributorId":28928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjornsson","given":"Bjorn","email":"","middleInitial":"Thrandur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024194,"text":"70024194 - 2002 - Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T12:04:56","indexId":"70024194","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993-2000","docAbstract":"<p>Pilot reports in January 1995 and geologic field observations from the summer of 1996 indicate that a relatively small explosive eruption of Makushin, one of the more frequently active volcanoes in the Aleutian arc of Alaska, occurred on 30 January 1995. Several independent radar interferograms that each span the time period from October 1993 to September 1995 show evidence of ???7 cm of uplift centered on the volcano's east flank, which we interpret as preeruptive inflation of a ???7-km-deep magma source (??V = 0.022 km3). Subsequent interferograms for 1995-2000, a period that included no reported eruptive activity, show no evidence of additional ground deformation. Interferometric coherence at C band is found to persist for 3 years or more on lava flow and other rocky surfaces covered with short grass and sparsely distributed tall grass and for at least 1 year on most pyroclastic deposits. On lava flow and rocky surfaces with dense tall grass and on alluvium, coherence lasts for a few months. Snow and ice surfaces lose coherence within a few days. This extended timeframe of coherence over a variety of surface materials makes C band radar interferometry an effective tool for studying volcano deformation in Alaska and other similar high-latitude regions.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000970","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Power, J., McConnell, V., Wicks, C., and Dzurisin, D., 2002, Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993-2000: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. 11, p. ECV 1-1-ECV 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000970.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"ECV 1-1","endPage":"ECV 1-13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478673,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000970","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a820ce4b0c8380cd7b895","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, J.A.","contributorId":20765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConnell, V.S.","contributorId":39975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"V.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wicks, C. Jr.","contributorId":87681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024119,"text":"70024119 - 2002 - Waveform inversion of oscillatory signatures in long-period events beneath volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T16:11:41.370703","indexId":"70024119","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waveform inversion of oscillatory signatures in long-period events beneath volcanoes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The source mechanism of long-period (LP) events is examined using synthetic waveforms generated by the acoustic resonance of a fluid-filled crack. We perform a series of numerical tests in which the oscillatory signatures of synthetic LP waveforms are used to determine the source time functions of the six moment tensor components from waveform inversions assuming a point source. The results indicate that the moment tensor representation is valid for the odd modes of crack resonance with wavelengths 2</span><i>L</i><span>/</span><i>n</i><span>, 2</span><i>W</i><span>/</span><i>n</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 3, 5, 7, …, where&nbsp;</span><i>L</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>W</i><span>&nbsp;are the crack length and width, respectively. For the even modes with wavelengths 2</span><i>L</i><span>/</span><i>n</i><span>, 2</span><i>W</i><span>/</span><i>n</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 2, 4, 6, …, a generalized source representation using higher-order tensors is required, although the efficiency of seismic waves radiated by the even modes is expected to be small. We apply the moment tensor inversion to the oscillatory signatures of an LP event observed at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, central Japan. Our results point to the resonance of a subhorizontal crack located a few hundred meters beneath the summit crater lakes. The present approach may be useful to quantify the source location, geometry, and force system of LP events, and opens the way for moment tensor inversions of tremor.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB001704","usgsCitation":"Kumagai, H., Chouet, B., and Nakano, M., 2002, Waveform inversion of oscillatory signatures in long-period events beneath volcanoes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B11, p. ESE 7-1-ESE 7-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001704.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"ESE 7-1","endPage":"ESE 7-13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478774,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb001704","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf9ee4b08c986b32e9e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumagai, Hiroyuki","contributorId":71337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumagai","given":"Hiroyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nakano, M.","contributorId":43528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakano","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024173,"text":"70024173 - 2002 - Advertising displays of male Musk Ducks indicate population subdivision across the Nullarbor Plain of Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024173","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advertising displays of male Musk Ducks indicate population subdivision across the Nullarbor Plain of Australia","docAbstract":"Acoustic advertising displays (n=75) of male Musk Ducks Biziura lobata were analysed at ten widely spaced geographic localities in South Australia, Victoria, and Western Australia. Vocalisations differed in a fixed, non-overlapping pattern between allopatric Musk Duck populations in southeastern and southwestern Australia. These findings suggest that Musk Duck populations are subdivided by the Nullarbor Plain, the arid treeless desert at the head of the Great Australian Bight. Three vocalisations performed by male Musk Ducks not previously reported in the literature were documented also. Vocalisations of captive Musk Ducks collected from different geographic regions (southeast and southwest) differed between regions from which captives originally were collected and were unlike those performed by wild birds. Based on calls of immature Musk Ducks, acoustic variation within regional populations and the apparent inability of captive Musk Ducks reared in isolation to develop the wild type adult call, regional dialects seemingly are acquired in a social context by repeated observance of adult males and some combination of social imprinting, learning, or practice.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildfowl","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09546324","usgsCitation":"McCracken, K.G., Fullagar, P., Slater, E., Paton, D., and Afton, A., 2002, Advertising displays of male Musk Ducks indicate population subdivision across the Nullarbor Plain of Australia: Wildfowl, v. 53, p. 137-154.","startPage":"137","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e70ce4b0c8380cd477fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCracken, K. G.","contributorId":7431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCracken","given":"K.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fullagar, P.J.","contributorId":74908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fullagar","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slater, E.C.","contributorId":24529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paton, D.C.","contributorId":59204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paton","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1015235,"text":"1015235 - 2002 - Phylogeography and history of giant Galápagos tortoises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T17:25:46","indexId":"1015235","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1598,"text":"Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogeography and history of giant Galápagos tortoises","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined the phylogeography and history of giant Galápagos tortoise populations based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data from 161 individuals from 21 sampling sites representing the 11 currently recognized extant taxa. Molecular clock and geological considerations indicate a founding of the monophyletic Galápagos lineage around 2–3 million years ago, which would allow for all the diversification to have occurred on extant islands. Founding events generally occurred from geologically older to younger islands with some islands colonized more than once. Six of the 11 named taxa can be associated with monophyletic maternal lineages. One,&nbsp;</span><i>Geochelone porteri</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>on Santa Cruz Island, consists of two distinct populations connected by the deepest node in the archipelago-wide phylogeny, whereas tortoises in northwest Santa Cruz are closely related to those on adjacent Pinzón Island. Volcan Wolf, the northernmost volcano of Isabela Island, consists of both a unique set of maternal lineages and recent migrants from other islands, indicating multiple colonizations possibly due to human transport or multiple colonization and partial elimination through competition. These genetic findings are consistent with the mixed morphology of tortoises on this volcano. No clear genetic differentiation between two taxa on the two southernmost volcanoes of Isabela was evident. Extinction of crucial populations by human activities confounds whether domed versus saddleback carapaces of different populations are mono- or polyphyletic. Our findings revealed a complex phylogeography and history for this tortoise radiation within an insular environment and have implications for efforts to conserve these endangered biological treasures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for the Study of Evolution","doi":"10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[2052:PAHOGG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Caccone, A., Gentile, G., Gibbs, J., Fritts, T.H., Snell, H., Betts, J., and Powell, J., 2002, Phylogeography and history of giant Galápagos tortoises: Evolution, v. 56, no. 10, p. 2052-2066, https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[2052:PAHOGG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2052","endPage":"2066","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488734,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/162692","text":"External Repository"},{"id":132335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","otherGeospatial":"Galápagos Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.735595703125,\n              -2.4492049339511506\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.154296875,\n              -2.4492049339511506\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.154296875,\n              1.548883579847398\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.735595703125,\n              1.548883579847398\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.735595703125,\n              -2.4492049339511506\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685cca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caccone, A.","contributorId":19915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caccone","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gentile, G.","contributorId":106843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gentile","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibbs, J.P.","contributorId":54937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snell, H.L.","contributorId":49314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snell","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Betts, J.","contributorId":64615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betts","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Powell, J.R.","contributorId":85134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024192,"text":"70024192 - 2002 - Mid-Holocene hydrologic model of the Shingobee watershed, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70024192","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Holocene hydrologic model of the Shingobee watershed, Minnesota","docAbstract":"A hydrologifc model of the Shingobee Watershed in north-central Minnesota was developed to reconstruct mid-Holocene paleo-lake levels for Williams Lake, a surface-water body located in the southern portion of the watershed. Hydrologic parameters for the model were first estimated in a calibration exercise using a 9-yr historical record (1990-1998) of climatic and hydrologic stresses. The model reproduced observed temporal and spatial trends in surface/groundwater levels across the watershed. Mid-Holocene aquifer and lake levels were then reconstructed using two paleoclimatic data sets: CCM1 atmospheric general circulation model output and pollen-transfer functions using sediment core data from Williams Lake. Calculated paleo-lake levels based on pollen-derived paleoclimatic reconstructions indicated a 3.5-m drop in simulated lake levels and were in good agreement with the position of mid-Holocene beach sands observed in a Williams Lake sediment core transect. However, calculated paleolake levels based on CCM1 climate forcing produced only a 0.05-m drop in lake levels. We found that decreases in winter precipitation rather than temperature increases had the largest effect on simulated mid-Holocene lake levels. The study illustrates how watershed models can be used to critically evaluate paleoclimatic reconstructions by integrating geologic, climatic, limnologic, and hydrogeologic data sets. ?? 2002 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.2002.2377","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Filby, S., Locke, S.M., Person, M., Winter, T.C., Rosenberry, D., Nieber, J., Gutowski, W., and Ito, E., 2002, Mid-Holocene hydrologic model of the Shingobee watershed, Minnesota: Quaternary Research, v. 58, no. 3, p. 246-254, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2377.","startPage":"246","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487346,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ge_at_pubs/105","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207028,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2377"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56b9e4b0c8380cd6d7a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Filby, S.K.","contributorId":29988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filby","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, Sharon M.","contributorId":21296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Person, M.A.","contributorId":91108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":400343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nieber, J.L.","contributorId":47942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nieber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gutowski, W.J.","contributorId":6623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutowski","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ito, E.","contributorId":24956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ito","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70024098,"text":"70024098 - 2002 - Magma storage prior to the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T17:22:04.434667","indexId":"70024098","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma storage prior to the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>New analytical and experimental data constrain the storage and equilibration conditions of the magmas erupted in 1912 from Novarupta in the 20th century's largest volcanic event. Phase relations at H<sub>2</sub>O+CO<sub>2</sub> fluid saturation were determined for an andesite (58.7 wt% SiO<sub>2</sub>) and a dacite (67.7 wt%) from the compositional extremes of intermediate magmas erupted. The phase assemblages, matrix melt composition and modes of natural andesite were reproduced experimentally under H<sub>2</sub>O-saturated conditions (i.e., P<sub>H2O</sub>=P<sub>TOT</sub>) in a negatively sloping region in T-P space from 930 <strong>°</strong>C/100 MPa to 960 <strong>°</strong>C/75 MPa with <i>f</i>O<sub>2</sub>~N NO + 1. The H<sub>2</sub>O-saturated equilibration conditions of the dacite are constrained to a T-P region from 850 <strong>°</strong>C/ 50 MPa to 880 <strong>°</strong>C/25 MPa. If H<sub>2</sub>O-saturated, these magmas equilibrated at (and above) the level where coerupted rhyolite equilibrated (~100 MPa), suggesting that the andesite-dacite magma reservoir was displaced laterally rather than vertically from the rhyolite magma body. Natural mineral and melt compositions of intermediate magmas were also reproduced experimentally under saturation conditions with a mixed (H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub>) fluid for the same range in P<sub>H2O</sub>. Thus, a storage model in which vertically stratified mafic to silicic intermediate magmas underlay H<sub>2</sub>O-saturated rhyolite is consistent with experimental findings only if the intermediates have X<sub>H2O</sub>fl=0.7 and 0.9 for the extreme compositions, respectively. Disequilibrium features in natural pumice and scoria include pristine minerals existing outside their stability fields, and compositional zoning of titanomagnetite in contact with ilmenite. Variable rates of chemical equilibration which would eliminate these features constrain the apparent thermal excursion and re-distribution of minerals to the time scale of days.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00410-002-0393-2","usgsCitation":"Hammer, J., Rutherford, M., and Hildreth, W., 2002, Magma storage prior to the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 144, no. 2, p. 144-162, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-002-0393-2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"162","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Novarupta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              58.14896803443219\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.95117187499997,\n              58.14896803443219\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.95117187499997,\n              58.238717823301876\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              58.238717823301876\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              58.14896803443219\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b3ce4b0c8380cd693ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammer, J.E.","contributorId":8246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutherford, M.J.","contributorId":103039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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