Studies of marine terraces and their fossils can yield important information about sea level history, tectonic uplift rates, and paleozoogeography, but some aspects of terrace history, particularly with regard to their fossil record, are not clearly understood. Marine terraces are well preserved on Santa Rosa Island, California, and the island is situated near a major marine faunal boundary. Two prominent low-elevation terraces record the ∼80 ka (marine isotope stage [MIS] 5a) and ∼120 ka (MIS 5e) high-sea stands, based on U-series dating of fossil corals and aminostratigraphic correlation to dated localities elsewhere in California and Baja California. Low uplift rates are implied by an interpretation of these ages, along with their elevations. The fossil assemblage from the ∼120 ka (2nd) terrace contains a number of northern, cool-water species, along with several southern, warm-water species, a classic example of what has been called a thermally anomalous fauna. Low uplift rates in the late Pleistocene, combined with glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) processes, could have resulted in reoccupation of the ∼120 ka (MIS 5e), 2nd terrace during the ∼100 ka (MIS 5c) high-sea stand, explaining the mix of warm-water (∼120 ka?) and cool-water (∼100 ka?) fossils in the terrace deposits. In addition, however, sea surface temperature (SST) variability during MIS 5e may have been a contributing factor, given that Santa Rosa Island is bathed at times by the cold California Current with its upwelling and at other times is subject to El Niño warm waters, evident in the Holocene SST record. Study of an older, high-elevation marine terrace on the western part of Santa Rosa Island shows more obvious evidence of fossil mixing. Strontium isotope ages span a large range, from ∼2.3 Ma to ∼0.91 Ma. These analyses indicate an age range of ∼500 ka at one locality and ∼ 600 ka at another locality, interpreted to be due to terrace reoccupation and fossil reworking. Consideration of elevations and ages here also yield low, long-term uplift rates, which in part explains the potential for terrace reoccupation in the early Pleistocene. In addition, however, early Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles were of much shorter duration, linked to the ∼41 ka obliquity cycle of orbital forcing, a factor that would also enhance terrace reoccupation in regions of low uplift rate. It is likely that other Pacific Coast marine terrace localities of early Pleistocene age, in areas with low uplift rates, also have evidence of fossil mixing from these processes, an hypothesis that can be tested in future studies.
Although there have been few attempts to systematically analyze information on the use of deterrents on polar bears (Ursus maritimus), understanding their effectiveness in mitigating human-polar bear conflicts is critical to ensuring both human safety and polar bear conservation. To fill this knowledge gap, we analyzed 19 incidents involving the use of bear spray on free-ranging polar bears from 1986 to 2019 in Canada, Russia, and the United States to evaluate the effectiveness of bear spray as a polar bear deterrent. We found that bear spray was an effective deterrent in close-range encounters with polar bears, stopping undesirable behavior in 18 of 19 incidents. Bear spray effectively deterred both curious and aggressive polar bears, including polar bears attempting to attack people. The mean distance between user and bear at the time of spraying was 2 m (min–max = 0.2–10.0 m, mode = 1 m), though bears were usually first seen at greater distances. Bear spray was successfully deployed against polar bears in all 4 seasons. Wind affected spray performance in 1 of 19 of incidents. In 8 of 14 bear spray incidents, other deterrents were used without success before bear spray was used effectively to deter polar bears. No humans or polar bears were killed or injured in any of the incidents in which bear spray was used. We also analyzed 54 polar bear attacks and attempted attacks on humans where bear spray was not carried. The data suggest that in 93% of those incidents, the use of bear spray might have saved the lives of both the people and bears involved if it had been available and used. Our analysis improves our understanding of the effectiveness of bear spray for polar bear conflict mitigation.
Ocular aerial surveys allow efficient coverage of large areas and can be used to monitor abundance and distribution of wild populations. However, uncertainty around resulting population estimates can be large due to difficulty in visually identifying and counting animals from aircraft, as well as logistical challenges in estimating detection probabilities. Photographic aerial surveys can mitigate these challenges and can allow flight at higher altitudes to minimize disturbance of birds and improve safety for surveyors. We evaluated a photographic aerial survey that incorporated a systematic sampling design with automated photo capture and processing for fall-staging geese at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska, in 2017–2019. Ocular aerial surveys have been completed at Izembek Lagoon for >40 years. For the new photo survey, we used a commercial system to automatically trigger cameras at preset points. We then applied a machine-learning algorithm trained to automatically identify and count geese in our photos, manually corrected those counts, and quantified the algorithm's accuracy. We translated corrected counts into density and extrapolated mean density across the entire lagoon to estimate total population size for Pacific brant (Branta bernicla) and cackling geese (B. hutchinsii). The automated algorithm undercounted geese, but successfully identified the small subset of photos containing geese. Manual correction was therefore needed only for photos automatically identified as containing geese, allowing substantial reduction of workload. Manually-corrected, photo-based estimates of Pacific brant and cackling goose population sizes were larger and more precise than ocular estimates in all 3 years. To reduce costs with little penalty for variance around population estimates, the photographic survey design could be optimized by reducing the number of transects to ~67% of the current number while still manually correcting all photos in which the automated algorithm detected geese. Further years of both ocular and photo surveys would be needed to calibrate the photo estimates against the >40-year timeseries of the ocular survey, after which the photo series could successfully guide management of Pacific brant. As technologies continue to advance, we expect photographic surveys with automated counting to be easily implemented and advantageous to many monitoring programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1407","usgsCitation":"Weiser, E.L., Flint, P.L., Marks, D.K., Shults, B.S., Wilson, H.M., Thompson, S.J., and Fischer, J., 2023, Optimizing surveys of fall-staging geese using aerial imagery and automated counting: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 47, no. 1, e1407, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1407.","productDescription":"e1407, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-137880","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445127,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1407","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435547,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HNU1WE","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"R scripts for analysis of fall photographic waterfowl surveys, Izembek NWR, Alaska, 2017-2019"},{"id":435546,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ALG8MY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Counts of Birds in Aerial Photos from Fall Waterfowl Surveys, Izembek Lagoon, Alaska, 2017-2019"},{"id":435545,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UHP1LE","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Aerial Photo Imagery from Fall Waterfowl Surveys, Izembek Lagoon, Alaska, 2017-2019"},{"id":410789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Izembek Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.07980014813813,\n 55.30350115100623\n ],\n [\n -162.4399694624232,\n 55.561700478328845\n ],\n [\n -163.24548326666869,\n 55.14387580648213\n ],\n [\n -163.36472851261436,\n 55.08541810057966\n ],\n [\n -163.24548326666869,\n 55.02547988825049\n ],\n [\n -162.9437197871326,\n 55.02268988023704\n ],\n [\n -162.1041359126169,\n 55.26608141501123\n ],\n [\n -162.07980014813813,\n 55.3021158638397\n ],\n [\n -162.07980014813813,\n 55.30350115100623\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiser, Emily L. 0000-0003-1598-659X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1598-659X","contributorId":206605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiser","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marks, Dennis K","contributorId":300252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marks","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shults, Brad S","contributorId":300254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shults","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Heather M.","contributorId":37056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13236,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thompson, Sarah J.","contributorId":300256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":65059,"text":"Idaho Dept Fish & Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fischer, Julian B.","contributorId":207042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fischer","given":"Julian B.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70247517,"text":"70247517 - 2023 - Estimates of k0 and effects on ground motions in the San Francisco Bay area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-11T13:23:21.704651","indexId":"70247517","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-13T07:00:33","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Estimates of k0 and effects on ground motions in the San Francisco Bay area","title":"Estimates of k0 and effects on ground motions in the San Francisco Bay area","docAbstract":"Ground‐motion studies are a key component of seismic hazard analyses and often rely on information of the source, path, and site. Extensive research has been done on each of these parameters; however, site‐specific studies are of particular interest to seismic hazard studies, especially in the field of earthquake engineering, as near‐site conditions can have a significant impact on the resulting ground motion at a site. There has been much focus on the constraint of site parameters and their application to seismic hazard studies, especially in the development of ground‐motion models (GMMs). Kappa is an observational parameter describing the high‐frequency attenuation of spectra, and its site contribution (
Identifying habitat needs for species with large distributions is challenging because species-habitat associations may vary across scales and regions (spatial nonstationarity). Furthermore, management efforts often cross jurisdictional boundaries, complicating the development of cohesive conservation strategies among management entities. The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a rapidly declining species that spans 11 U.S. states and responds to habitat conditions across a wide range of spatial scales and regions. Allowing for regional variance in species-habitat associations and suitability predictions could systematically identify important habitats at levels relevant to management. We collaboratively developed a model with Bureau of Land Management (BLM) biologists that: (1) evaluated the scale of effect for different environmental covariates; (2) accounted for regional differences in population-level responses; and (3) predicted probabilities of persistence across the U.S. occupied range. We modeled range-wide lek persistence data (6615 communal breeding sites classified as active or inactive) as a function of environmental covariates. Environmental covariates included sagebrush cover, pinyon-juniper cover, topography, precipitation, point and line disturbance densities, and landscape configuration metrics. Our model treated habitat assessment areas – regionally delineated by BLM biologists – as random intercepts and slopes that allowed for geographic variation in species-habitat associations and predicted probabilities of lek persistence. Our final model indicated support for 12 environmental covariates predicting lek persistence at scales extending between 1- to 15-km radii from lek centers, and a covariate measuring distance to the occupied range boundary. Five of these covariates showed significant regionally varying responses: sagebrush clumpiness (a measure of habitat aggregation), pinyon-juniper cover, point disturbance of anthropogenic features such as energy infrastructure and communication towers, elevation, and a topographic index associated with mesic habitats. This spatial nonstationarity indicates unitary range-wide recommendations, or rules-of-thumb with respect to their effects on lek persistence, may be problematic for these environmental conditions. For covariates that did not include random slopes, and which were potentially amenable to management actions, we found that leks were predicted to become extirpated when sagebrush cover fell below 9.6 % (summarized at the 3.2-km radius extent), and the proportion of classified sagebrush habitat fell below 0.7 (1-km). We produced a continuous predictive probability surface of lek persistence which we binned based on model sensitivity thresholds to produce habitat quality categories. The highest quality habitat (capturing 50 % of active leks) covered 25.5 % of the occupied range, while the combined lowest through highest quality habitats (capturing 95 % of active leks) covered 65.0 %. Accommodating regional environmental differences in models that are relevant to habitat management planning will help ensure their applicability to targeted goals. Continuous collaboration between modelers and land managers early in the modeling process increases the likelihood of this outcome.
The iconic volcanic center at Long Valley has released ∼820 km3 of rhyolite in at least 110 eruptions. From 2.2 Ma until 0.23 Ma, products were exclusively rhyolitic, and ∼ 700 km3 were high-silica rhyolite severely depleted in Sr, Ba, and Eu. The rhyolitic interval was preceded by an interval from 3.9 to 2.6 Ma with numerous basalt-andesite-dacite eruptions accompanied by no rhyolite at all. We have now mapped the circumcaldera products of this interval, defined 107 eruptive units, characterized them all chemically and petrographically, and dated many by 40Ar/39Ar. Here we display and describe them by sector around the caldera, interpret the nature of the transcrustal magma system that eventuated in the 35-km-wide Long Valley granite-rhyolite pluton, and analyze regional tectonic factors that did or did not contribute to siting the system.
Nine Miocene (12–6 Ma) eruptive units close to Long Valley were followed by a Pliocene flare-up that released >300 mafic eruptions in a SW–NE swath 170 km long, centered across the later site of Long Valley. The basalts and their fractionates are intraplate alkalic products dominated by a continental lithosphere that had long been fluxed by Mesozoic subduction. Tertiary arc volcanism had not impinged on the area of Long Valley. Volumes estimated for the 107 Neogene precaldera eruptive units (only 40 of which exceeded 0.1 km3) total ∼ 27 km3 ± 50%—only ∼3% of the subsequent volume of rhyolite erupted. Such a volume of high-silica rhyolite with ultra-low Sr and Eu is not a product of partial melting but requires as proximate parent a leucogranitic crystal mush that is itself the upper level of a long-lived plutonic reservoir that extends to the lower crust. The 27 km3 of Neogene magma that erupted was a small contingent of the mantle-derived basaltic flux needed to energize (and contribute its fractionated melt to) a 30-km-deep compositionally graded crustal column, which culminated in ∼10,000 km3 of granitoid mush from which 820 km3 of Quaternary high-silica rhyolitic melt escaped and erupted.
Pliocene basaltic eruptions ceased at ∼2.6 Ma, probably because the basaltic flux intensified sufficiently to render the mushy upper crust impenetrable. The 2.6–2.2 Ma quiescent interval represented culmination of thermal activation of the plutonic column and refinement of its leucogranitic mushy upper layer, from which extreme melts escaped for the next 2 Myr. The Pliocene mafic swath crosses the Sierran rangefront fault zone coincident with a left-stepping extensional reentrant that also began developing at ∼3 Ma. Moreover, Long Valley overlies a dextral offset in the initial Sr-isotope 0.706 line, which may reflect the rifted or attenuated edge of Proterozoic crust and mantle lithosphere. Concatenation of these three influences may account for siting of intensified edge-focused magmatism that produced the great Quaternary pluton.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107726","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, E., Fierstein, J., and Calvert, A.T., 2023, Precaldera mafic magmatism at Long Valley, California: Magma-tectonic siting and incubation of the Great Rhyolite System: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 433, 107726, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107726.","productDescription":"107726, 36 p.","ipdsId":"IP-141327","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107726","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":413276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.28124388750244,\n 37.86382864098137\n ],\n [\n -119.28124388750244,\n 37.40028484577047\n ],\n [\n -118.4301505906455,\n 37.40028484577047\n ],\n [\n -118.4301505906455,\n 37.86382864098137\n ],\n [\n -119.28124388750244,\n 37.86382864098137\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"433","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, Edward 0000-0002-7925-4251 hildreth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":146999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Edward","email":"hildreth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fierstein, Judith E. 0000-0001-8024-1426","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-1426","contributorId":269401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"Judith E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":864846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70239432,"text":"70239432 - 2023 - Magma storage and transport timescales for the 1959 Kīlauea Iki eruption and implications for diffusion chronometry studies using time-series samples versus tephra deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-13T12:54:34.34429","indexId":"70239432","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-12T06:49:49","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma storage and transport timescales for the 1959 Kīlauea Iki eruption and implications for diffusion chronometry studies using time-series samples versus tephra deposits","docAbstract":"Complex crystal cargo in basaltic eruptions has the potential to yield diverse insights on pre- and syn-eruptive timescales of magma storage and transport. Research on eruption products from the 1959 eruption from Kīlauea Iki Crater at Kīlauea volcano (Hawai‘i) demonstrates that time-series samples collected during an eruption can yield a wealth of information not accessible by studying the fall deposit alone. Major element zoning in olivine crystals illustrates four environments of magma storage that were variably mixed and progressively involved in the eruption. Diffusion timescales retrieved from crystals < 1 mm in size are typically much shorter than those from crystals > 1 mm, illustrating the additional complexity of information recorded by different grain sizes and olivine populations. The timescales can be divided into two groups: (1) t > 100 days reflect longer-term magma recharge into Kīlauea’s deep (8–10 km) reservoir system and (2) t < 100 days broadly correspond to a period of unrest and inflation beginning ~ 3 months prior to eruption. Some timescales reflect syn-eruptive processes, where diffusion began after the eruption onset. Progressive changes in zoning populations in the time-series scoriae samples illustrate how quickly diffusive re-equilibration can erase older magmatic histories and information and underscores that studies on fall deposits can lead to an incomplete record of magmatic processes. Thus, diffusion timescales from fall deposits alone should be cautiously interpreted with the caveat that they may be missing a substantial part of the total eruptive event and, therefore, the record of magmatic histories inferred from crystal cargo.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.3952","usgsCitation":"Ortega, A., Lasharr, T.N., Kauffman, M., and Monteith, K., 2023, Energy expenditure of fat in a large herbivore is non-linear over winter: Ecology, v. 104, no. 4, e3952, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3952.","productDescription":"e3952, 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144283","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3952","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":489285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortega, Anna C.","contributorId":351885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ortega","given":"Anna C.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lasharr, Tayler N.","contributorId":280148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lasharr","given":"Tayler","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0127-3900","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-3900","contributorId":202921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":938718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monteith, Kevin L.","contributorId":296712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monteith","given":"Kevin L.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70239904,"text":"70239904 - 2023 - Using the delta log R method to predict TOC in the Tuscaloosa marine shale, Mississippi, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T14:22:57.266558","indexId":"70239904","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-10T09:20:44","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using the delta log R method to predict TOC in the Tuscaloosa marine shale, Mississippi, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"38th Annual GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference and Core Workshop 2022: The Cenomanian-Turonian stratigraphic interval across the Americas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Curran Associates","usgsCitation":"Lohr, C., and Merrill, M.D., 2023, Using the delta log R method to predict TOC in the Tuscaloosa marine shale, Mississippi, U.S.A., in 38th Annual GCSSEPM Foundation Perkins-Rosen Research Conference and Core Workshop 2022: The Cenomanian-Turonian stratigraphic interval across the Americas, v. 38, p. 140-144.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"144","ipdsId":"IP-143442","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohr, Celeste 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":209992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":174817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70240801,"text":"70240801 - 2023 - Environmental monitoring for invasive fungal pathogens of ʽŌhiʽa (Metrosideros polymorpha) on the Island of Hawaiʽi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-23T12:57:55.561333","indexId":"70240801","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-10T06:55:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental monitoring for invasive fungal pathogens of ʽŌhiʽa (Metrosideros polymorpha) on the Island of Hawaiʽi","docAbstract":"The invasive rust Austropuccina psidii was detected in the Hawaiian Islands in 2005 and has become widely established throughout the archipelago in both native and introduced species of Myrtaceae. Initial predictions about the impacts of the fungus on native ʽōhiʽa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), a keystone native tree, have not materialized, but there is ongoing concern that introductions of new genotypes of the fungus could lead to widespread mortality with catastrophic effects on native ecosystems. By contrast, two recently emergent Ascomycete pathogens, Ceratocystis lukuohia (Ceratocystis wilt of ‘ōhi‘a) and C. huliohia (Ceratocystis canker of ‘ōhi‘a), collectively known to cause Rapid ʽŌhiʽa Death (ROD), are causing significant mortality in native forests on Hawaiʻi and Kauaʻi Islands, but pathways of spread are still incompletely understood. We used a network of passive environmental samplers for collecting windblown urediniospores of Austropuccina to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental monitoring to detect seasonal and landscape-scale differences in airborne propagules of this rust on Hawai`i Island. The samplers were also used to determine if windborn ambrosia beetle frass or spores of Ceratocystis can spread long distances. We found frequent detections and regional and seasonal differences in numbers of samplers that were positive for urediniospores of Austropuccinia, but little evidence of long-distance airborne dispersal of the ROD-causing fungi. The simple, inexpensive platform for sampling airborne fungal spores that we used may have value as a monitoring tool for detecting spread of airborne fungal pathogens, evaluating habitats for suitability for restoration efforts, and for detecting new pathogen introductions, particularly new Austropuccinia genotypes both in Hawaiʻi and other parts of the world.
Prior to 2015, seabird die-offs in Alaskan waters were rare; they typically occurred in mid-winter, linked to epizootic disease events or above-average ocean temperatures associated with strong El Nino-Southern Oscillation events (Bodenstein et al. 2015, Jones et al. 2019, Romano et al. 2020). Since 2015, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has monitored mortality events that have become annual occurrences in Alaska (Fig. 1). Since 2017, communities on the coasts of the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas have annually observed dead and dying seabirds along their coasts, although such die-offs have not been reported from communities north of Point Hope. (Fig. 2). Affected species included planktivorous birds such as auklets (Aethia spp.) and shearwaters (Ardenna spp.), piscivorous murres (Uria spp.), puffins (Fratercula spp.), and kittiwakes (Rissa spp.), as well as low numbers of benthic feeding sea ducks (Somateria spp.). The range of seabird species and the different prey species involved, with localized events throughout summer and over widespread areas, indicate environmental causes at multiple trophic levels. Such wildlife mortality events are a public health concern for coastal communities that rely on ocean resources for their nutritional, cultural, and economic well-being. They have also been seen as a harbinger of concern for the state of the Arctic Ocean itself.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Report Card 2022 (NOAA Technical Report)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","doi":"10.25923/h002-4w87","usgsCitation":"Kaler, R.A., Sheffield, G., Backensto, S., Lindsey, J., Jones, T., Parrish, J., Ahmasuk, B., Bodenstein, B., Dusek, R.J., Van Hemert, C.R., Smith, M.M., and Schwalenberg, P., 2023, Partnering in search of answers: Seabird die-offs in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: NOAA Technical Report, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.25923/h002-4w87.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"122","ipdsId":"IP-146201","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411346,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":413237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XHBX75"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.1296495933479,\n 72.11440831496111\n ],\n [\n -179.1296495933479,\n 50.18720131843497\n ],\n [\n -152.51534691780924,\n 50.18720131843497\n ],\n [\n -152.51534691780924,\n 72.11440831496111\n ],\n [\n -179.1296495933479,\n 72.11440831496111\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaler, Robb A. 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While introductions are pervasive, two aspects of variability underlie patterns and processes of biological invasions at macroecological scales. First, only a portion of introduced species become invaders capable of substantially impacting ecosystems. Second, species that do become invasive at one location may not be invasive in others; impacts depend on invader abundance and recipient species and conditions. Accounting for these phenomena is essential to accurately understand the patterns of plant invasion and explain the idiosyncratic results reflected in the literature on biological invasions. The lack of community-level richness and the abundance of data spanning broad scales and environmental conditions have until now hindered our understanding of invasions at a macroecological scale. To address this limitation, we leveraged quantitative surveys of plant communities in the USA and integrated and harmonized nine datasets into the Standardized Plant Community with Introduced Status (SPCIS) database. The database contains 14,056 unique taxa identified within 83,391 sampling units, of which 52.6% have at least one introduced species. The SPCIS database includes comparable information on plant species occurrence, abundance, and native status across the 50 U.S. States and Puerto Rico. SPCIS can be used to answer macro-scale questions about native plant communities and interactions with invasive plants. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and we ask the users of this dataset to cite this paper, the respective paper(s) corresponding to the dataset sampling design (all references are provided in Data S1: Metadata S1: Class II-B-2), and the references described in Data S1: Metadata S1: Class III-B-4 as applicable to the dataset being utilized.
The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum L., is a three-host hard tick notorious for aggressive feeding behavior. In the early to mid-20th century, this species’ range was mostly limited to the southern USA. Since the 1950s, A. americanum has been detected in many new localities in the western, northcentral, and northeastern regions of the country. To examine the influence of climate on this apparent expansion, we used historical (1748–1950) lone star locations from the literature and museum records to model areas suitable for this species based on past environmental conditions in the late 1800s – early 1900s. We then projected this model forward using present (2011–2020) climatic conditions and compared the two for evidence of climate-associated distributional shifts. A maximum entropy distribution or Maxent model was generated by using a priori selected climatic variables including temperature, precipitation, and vapor pressure deficit. Temperature and vapor pressure deficit were selected as the most important factors in creating a sensitive and specific model (success rate = 82.6 ± 6.1%) that had a good fit to the existing data and was significantly better than a random model [partial ROC (receiver operating characteristic) to AUC (area under the ROC curve) ratio = 1.97 ± 0.07, P < 0.001]. The present projected model was tested with an independent dataset of curated museum records (1952–2020) and found to be 95.6% accurate. Comparison of past and present models revealed > 98% A. americanum niche overlap. The model suggests that some areas along the western fringe are becoming less suitable for A. americanum, whereas areas in some Great Lakes and coastal northeastern regions are becoming more suitable, results that are compatible with possible effects of climate change. However, these changes are minor, and overall climate in North America does not appear to have changed in ways significant to A. americanum’s distribution. These findings are consistent with an alternative hypothesis that recent changes in A. americanum’s distribution are a result of this species re-occupying its historical range, driven predominantly by factors other than climate, such as shifts in land use and population densities of major hosts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10493-022-00765-0","usgsCitation":"Rochlin, I., Egizi, A., and Ginsberg, H., 2023, Modeling of historical and current distributions of lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae), is consistent with ancestral range recovery: Experimental and Applied Acarology, v. 89, p. 85-103, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-022-00765-0.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"103","ipdsId":"IP-134334","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498447,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/132","text":"External Repository"},{"id":410279,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rochlin, Ilia","contributorId":299797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rochlin","given":"Ilia","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Egizi, Andrea","contributorId":299798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egizi","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":858697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":15473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":858698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70238996,"text":"70238996 - 2023 - Microbial source tracking and land use associations for antibiotic resistance genes in private wells influenced by human and livestock fecal sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T16:24:31.873247","indexId":"70238996","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-08T07:43:06","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial source tracking and land use associations for antibiotic resistance genes in private wells influenced by human and livestock fecal sources","docAbstract":"Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health problem that requires an integrated approach among human, agricultural, and environmental sectors. However, few studies address all three components simultaneously. We investigated the occurrence of five antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the class 1 integron gene (intI1) in private wells drawing water from a vulnerable aquifer influenced by residential septic systems and land-applied dairy manure. Samples (n = 138) were collected across four seasons from a randomized sample of private wells in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin. Measurements of ARGs and intI1 were related to microbial source tracking (MST) markers specific to human and bovine feces; they were also related to 54 risk factors for contamination representing land use, rainfall, hydrogeology, and well construction. ARGs and intI1 occurred in 5–40% of samples depending on target. Detection frequencies for ARGs and intI1 were lowest in the absence of human and bovine MST markers (1-30%), highest when co-occurring with human and bovine markers together (11-78%), and intermediate when co-occurring with just one type of MST marker (4-46%). Gene targets were associated with septic system density more often than agricultural land, potentially because of the variable presence of manure on the landscape. Determining ARG prevalence in a rural setting with mixed land use allowed an assessment of the relative contribution of human and bovine fecal sources. Because fecal sources co-occurred with ARGs at similar rates, interventions intended to reduce ARG occurrence may be most effective if both sources are considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America, Crop Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20443","usgsCitation":"Burch, T., Stokdyk, J.P., Firnstahl, A.D., Kieke Jr., B., Cook, R.M., Opelt, S., Spencer, S., Durso, L., and Borchardt, M.A., 2023, Microbial source tracking and land use associations for antibiotic resistance genes in private wells influenced by human and livestock fecal sources: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 52, no. 2, p. 270-286, https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20443.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"286","ipdsId":"IP-145436","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445147,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20443","text":"Publisher Index 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American Bullfrogs (Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana), which have been introduced to many parts of the world, are often linked with declines of native amphibians via predation and spreading emerging pathogens such as amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]) and ranaviruses. Although many studies have investigated the potential role of bullfrogs in declines of native amphibians, analyses that account for shared habitat affinities and imperfect detection have found limited support for clear effects. Similarly, the role of bullfrogs in shaping the patch-level distribution of pathogens is unclear. We used eDNA methods to sample 233 sites in the southwestern USA and Sonora, Mexico (2016–2018) to estimate how presence of bullfrogs affects occurrence of 4 native amphibians, Bd, and ranaviruses. Based on 2-species, dominant-subordinate occupancy models fitted in a Bayesian context, federally threatened Chiricahua Leopard Frogs (R. chiricahuensis) and Western Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) were 8 times (32% vs. 4%) and 2 times (36% vs. 18%), respectively, less likely to occur at sites where bullfrogs occurred. Evidence for negative effects of bullfrogs on Lowland Leopard Frogs (R. yavapaiensis) and Northern Leopard Frogs (R. pipiens) was less clear, possibly because of smaller numbers of sites where these native species still occur and because bullfrogs often occur at lower densities in streams, the primary habitat for Lowland Leopard Frogs. At the community level, Bd was most likely to occur where bullfrogs co-occurred with native amphibians, which could increase risk to native species. Ranaviruses were estimated to occur at 33% of bullfrog-only sites, 10% of sites where bullfrogs and native amphibians co-occurred, and only 3% of sites where only native amphibians occurred. Of the 85 sites where we did not detect any of the 5 target amphibian species, we also did not detect Bd or ranaviruses; this suggests other hosts do not drive the distribution of these pathogens in our study area. Our results provide landscape-scale evidence that bullfrogs reduce occurrence of native amphibians and increase occurrence of pathogens, information that can clarify risks and aid the prioritization of conservation actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2785","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B., Oja, E.B., Owens, A., Hall, D.L., Cobos, C., Crawford, C.L., Goldberg, C.S., Hedwell, S., Howell, P., Lemos-Espinal, J.A., MacVean, S.K., McCaffery, M., Mosley, C., Muths, E., Sigafus, B., Sredl, M.J., and Rorabaugh, J.C., 2023, Empirical evidence for effects of invasive American Bullfrogs on occurrence of native amphibians and emerging pathogens: Ecological Applications, v. 33, no. 2, e2785, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2785.","productDescription":"e2785, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-138220","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445149,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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and drivers of hypoxia in the world's streams and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-25T15:32:33.866612","indexId":"70238795","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-08T07:12:07","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":12978,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography - Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extent, patterns, and drivers of hypoxia in the world's streams and rivers","docAbstract":"Hypoxia in coastal waters and lakes is widely recognized as a detrimental environmental issue, yet we lack a comparable understanding of hypoxia in rivers. We investigated controls on hypoxia using 118 million paired observations of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and water temperature in over 125,000 locations in rivers from 93 countries. We found hypoxia (DO < 2 mg L−1) in 12.6% of all river sites across 53 countries, but no consistent trend in prevalence since 1950. High-frequency data reveal a 3-h median duration of hypoxic events which are most likely to initiate at night. River attributes were better predictors of riverine hypoxia occurrence than watershed land cover, topography, and climate characteristics. Hypoxia was more likely to occur in warmer, smaller, and lower-gradient rivers, particularly those draining urban or wetland land cover. Our findings suggest that riverine hypoxia and the resulting impacts on ecosystems may be more pervasive than previously assumed.
Rivers that do not flow year-round are the predominant type of running waters on Earth. Despite a burgeoning literature on natural flow intermittence (NFI), knowledge about the hydrological causes and ecological effects of human-induced, anthropogenic flow intermittence (AFI) remains limited. NFI and AFI could generate contrasting hydrological and biological responses in rivers because of distinct underlying causes of drying and evolutionary adaptations of their biota. We first review the causes of AFI and show how different anthropogenic drivers alter the timing, frequency and duration of drying, compared with NFI. Second, we evaluate the possible differences in biodiversity responses, ecological functions, and ecosystem services between NFI and AFI. Last, we outline knowledge gaps and management needs related to AFI. Because of the distinct hydrologic characteristics and ecological impacts of AFI, ignoring the distinction between NFI and AFI could undermine management of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams and exacerbate risks to the ecosystems and societies downstream.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biac098","usgsCitation":"Thibault Datry, Truchy, A., Julian D. Olden, Michelle H. Busch, Rachel Stubbington, Walter K. Dodds, Sam Zipper, Songyan Yu, Mathis L. Messager, Tonkin, J.D., Kaiser, K.E., Hammond, J., Moody, E., Burrows, R., Sarremejane, R., DelVecchia, A., Fork, M.L., Little, C., Walker, R.H., Walters, A.W., and Allen, D., 2023, Causes, responses, and implications of anthropogenic versus natural flow intermittence in river networks: BioScience, v. 73, no. 1, p. 9-22, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac098.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-141490","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445153,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac098","text":"External Repository"},{"id":429654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thibault Datry","contributorId":337346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thibault Datry","affiliations":[{"id":81018,"text":"INRAE, UR RiverLy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truchy, Amelie","contributorId":337347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truchy","given":"Amelie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81018,"text":"INRAE, UR RiverLy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Julian D. 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2023 - Using landscape genomics to delineate future adaptive potential for climate change in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T14:23:17.048886","indexId":"70241549","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-07T09:19:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1601,"text":"Evolutionary Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Using landscape genomics to delineate future adaptive potential for climate change in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus)","title":"Using landscape genomics to delineate future adaptive potential for climate change in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus)","docAbstract":"An essential goal in conservation biology is delineating population units that maximize the probability of species persisting into the future and adapting to future environmental change. However, future-facing conservation concerns are often addressed using retrospective patterns that could be irrelevant. We recommend a novel landscape genomics framework for delineating future “Geminate Evolutionary Units” (GEUs) in a focal species: (1) identify loci under environmental selection, (2) model and map adaptive conservation units that may spawn future lineages, (3) forecast relative selection pressures on each future lineage, and (4) estimate their fitness and likelihood of persistence using geo-genomic simulations. Using this process, we delineated conservation units for the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus), a U.S. federally threatened species that is highly vulnerable to climate change. We used a genome-wide dataset, redundancy analysis, and Bayesian association methods to identify 24 candidate loci responding to climatic selection (R2 ranging from 0.09 to 0.52), after controlling for demographic structure. Candidate loci included genes such as MAP3K5, involved in cellular response to environmental change. We then forecasted future genomic response to climate change using the multivariate machine learning algorithm Gradient Forests. Based on all available evidence, we found three GEUs in Yosemite National Park, reflecting contrasting adaptive optima: YF-North (high winter snowpack with moderate summer rainfall), YF-East (low to moderate snowpack with high summer rainfall), and YF-Low-Elevation (low snowpack and rainfall). Simulations under the RCP 8.5 climate change scenario suggest that the species will decline by 29% over 90 years, but the highly diverse YF-East lineage will be least impacted for two reasons: (1) geographically it will be sheltered from the largest climatic selection pressures, and (2) its standing genetic diversity will promote a faster adaptive response. Our approach provides a comprehensive strategy for protecting imperiled non-model species with genomic data alone and has wide applicability to other declining species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.13511","usgsCitation":"Maier, P., Vandergast, A.G., and Bohonak, A.J., 2023, Using landscape genomics to delineate future adaptive potential for climate change in the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus): Evolutionary Applications, v. 16, p. 74-97, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13511.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-147179","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13511","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":414614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kings Canyon National Park, Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.85061210634456,\n 36.52123522076397\n ],\n [\n -118.13910750098108,\n 36.616475004823215\n ],\n [\n -118.44742616330538,\n 37.41654854711554\n ],\n [\n -119.44353261081429,\n 38.35710042889701\n ],\n [\n -120.2024708565354,\n 38.166222753255624\n ],\n [\n -120.45742667345743,\n 37.99820964775573\n ],\n [\n -119.61547955711029,\n 37.360016749403826\n ],\n [\n -118.85061210634456,\n 36.52123522076397\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maier, Paul A. 0000-0003-0851-8827","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8827","contributorId":221033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maier","given":"Paul A.","affiliations":[{"id":40313,"text":"Department of Biology, San Diego State","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571 avandergast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":3963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","email":"avandergast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohonak, Andrew J.","contributorId":195156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohonak","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242068,"text":"70242068 - 2023 - Earth’s upper crust seismically excited by infrasound from the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai eruption, Tonga","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T12:10:27.3548","indexId":"70242068","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-07T07:08:40","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earth’s upper crust seismically excited by infrasound from the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai eruption, Tonga","docAbstract":"Records of pressure variations on seismographs were historically considered unwanted noise; however, increased deployments of collocated seismic and acoustic instrumentation have driven recent efforts to use this effect induced by both wind and anthropogenic explosions to invert for near‐surface Earth structure. These studies have been limited to shallow structure because the pressure signals have relatively short wavelengths (<∼300 m). However, the 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (also called “Hunga”) volcano in Tonga generated rare, globally observed, high‐amplitude infrasound signals with acoustic wavelengths of tens of kilometers. In this study, we examine the acoustic‐to‐seismic coupling generated by the Hunga eruption across 82 Global Seismographic Network (GSN) stations and show that ground motion amplitudes are related to upper (0 to ∼5 km) crust material properties. We find high (>0.8) correlations between pressure and vertical component ground motion at 83% of the stations, but only 30% of stations show this on the radial component, likely due to complex tilt effects. We use average elastic properties in the upper 5.2 km from the CRUST1.0 model to estimate vertical seismic/acoustic coupling coefficients (
Precisely measuring the Earth’s changing surface on decadal to centennial time scales is critical for many science and engineering applications, yet long-term records of quantitative landscape change are often temporally and geographically sparse. Archives of scanned historical aerial photographs provide an opportunity to augment these records with accurate elevation measurements that capture the historical state of the Earth surface. Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry workflows produce high-quality digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthoimage mosaics from these historical images, but time-intensive tasks like manual image preprocessing (e.g., fiducial marker identification) and ground control point (GCP) selection impede processing at scale. We developed an automated method to process historical images and generate self-consistent time series of high-resolution (0.5–2 m) DEMs and orthomosaics, without manual GCP selection. The method relies on SfM to correct camera interior and exterior orientation and a robust multi-stage co-registration approach using modern reference terrain datasets for geolocation refinement. We demonstrate the method using scanned images from the North American Glacier Aerial Photography (NAGAP) archive collected between 1967 and 1997. We present results for two sites with variable photo acquisition geometry and overlap — Mount Baker and South Cascade Glacier in Washington State, USA. The automated method corrects initial camera position errors of several kilometers and produces accurately georeferenced, high-resolution DEMs and orthoimages, regardless of camera configuration, acquisition geometry, terrain characteristics, and reference DEM properties. The average RMS reprojection error following bundle adjustment optimization was 0.67 px (0.15 m) for the 261 images contributing to 10 final DEM mosaics between 1970 and 1992 at Mount Baker, and 0.65 px (0.13 m) for the 243 images contributing to 18 individual DEMs between 1967 and 1997 at South Cascade Glacier. The relative accuracy of elevation values in the historical time series stacks was 0.68 m at Mount Baker and 0.37 m at South Cascade Glacier. Our products have reduced systematic error and improved accuracy compared to DEM products generated using SfM with manual GCP selection. Final elevation change measurement precision was
Bird monitoring in North America over several decades has generated many open databases, housing millions of structured and semi-structured bird observations. These provide the opportunity to estimate bird densities and population sizes, once variation in factors such as underlying field methods, timing, land cover, proximity to roads, and uneven spatial coverage are accounted for. To facilitate integration across databases, we introduce NA-POPS: Point Count Offsets for Population Sizes of North American Landbirds. NA-POPS is a large-scale, multi-agency project providing an open-source database of detectability functions for all North American landbirds. These detectability functions allow the integration of data from across disparate survey methods using the QPAD approach, which considers the probability of detection (q) and availability (p) of birds in relation to area (a) and density (d). To date, NA-POPS has compiled over 7.1 million data points spanning 292 projects from across North America, and produced detectability functions for 338 landbird species. Here, we describe the methods used to curate these data and generate these detectability functions, as well as the open-access nature of the resulting database.
Climate change is affecting the distribution and productivity of Pacific salmon throughout their range. At high latitudes, warmer temperatures have been associated with increased freshwater growth of juvenile salmon, but it is not clear how long this trend will continue before further warming leads to reduced growth. To explore the potential influence of climate warming on juvenile Chinook and Coho Salmon summer growth rates in southcentral Alaska, we coupled bioenergetics models with temperature sensitivity models for streams across the Kenai River watershed.
We measured diet (n = 772 stomachs) and growth (n = 3,791 weight/length values) under current conditions and used published air temperature projections to model growth for the 2030–2039 and 2060–2069 decades.
We estimated direct effects of climate warming on juvenile growth (body mass at the end of May–September study period) will be primarily negative, ranging from +5.1% to −22.8% relative to a 2010–2019 baseline. Estimated effects depended on age cohort, feeding rate, and climate scenario. However, an extended growing season from warming could mitigate or offset predicted reductions in growth during midsummer.
Our results illustrate how diverse habitats are expected to produce variation in the magnitude of climate effects throughout juvenile salmon rearing environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10397","usgsCitation":"Meyer, B.E., Wipfli, M.S., Schoen, E.R., Rinella, D.J., and Falke, J.A., 2023, Landscape characteristics influence projected growth rates of stream-resident juvenile salmon in the face of climate change in the Kenai River watershed, south-central Alaska: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 152, no. 2, p. 169-186, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10397.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"186","ipdsId":"IP-118861","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.4549403294923,\n 60.880272178096675\n ],\n [\n -151.4549403294923,\n 59.98297350123735\n ],\n [\n -148.89064752578966,\n 59.98297350123735\n ],\n [\n -148.89064752578966,\n 60.880272178096675\n ],\n [\n -151.4549403294923,\n 60.880272178096675\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"152","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, B. E.","contributorId":337257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wipfli, M. S.","contributorId":337258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wipfli","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoen, E. R.","contributorId":337259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rinella, D. J.","contributorId":337260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rinella","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Falke, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-6670-8250 jfalke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8250","contributorId":5195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jfalke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70239254,"text":"70239254 - 2023 - Geochemistry and fluxes of gases from hydrothermal features at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T15:16:44.498624","indexId":"70239254","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-05T09:12:22","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and fluxes of gases from hydrothermal features at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"We present the chemical and isotopic compositions of gases and fluxes of CO2 from the hydrothermal features of Newberry Volcano, a large composite volcano located in Oregon's Cascade Range with a summit caldera that hosts two lakes, Paulina and East Lakes. Gas samples were collected from 1982 to 2021 from Paulina Hot Springs (PHS) on the shore of Paulina Lake, East Lake Hot Springs (ELHS) on the shore of East Lake, and Obsidian Flow Gas Seep (OFGS), an area of diffuse gas emissions. Surveys of CO2 flux were conducted in 2020 at OFGS (1400 m2) and East Lake (4.1 km2). Gases from all three sites were CO2-rich (≥79 mol% in dry gas) but showed considerable compositional variability over time due to interaction with ground and surface water. An increase in H2S concentrations and decline in CO2/H2S ratios in ELHS gases coincided with a drop in East Lake water level from 1999 to 2021. ELHS and OFGS gases were high in CH4 relative to PHS and the δ13C of CH4 values for ELHS gases (−72.2 and − 63.6 ‰) reflected a predominantly biogenic origin. The dominant source of N2 and Ar in PHS, ELHS, and OFGS samples was likely groundwater. Helium isotopic ratios (6.47 to 8.02 Rc/Ra) support a persistent source of magmatic He beneath Newberry caldera and consistently high values measured at OFGS and PHS relative to ELHS suggest distinct fluid flow paths from depth to the surface features. The δ13C of CO2 and CO2/3He values (−8.9 to −5.35 ‰ and 1.3 × 109 to 4.6 × 1010, respectively) measured in gases reflect contributions of CO2 from both mantle and crustal sources. Measured CO2 fluxes at OFGS and East Lake ranged from 1 to 8808 and < 1 to 364 g m−2 d−1, respectively. A CO2 emission rate of 0.5 t d−1 was calculated for OFGS. The CO2 emission rate estimated for East Lake was 30 t d−1 and when compared to prior estimates, reflects steady-state lake degassing. An enhanced geochemical monitoring plan, including annual sampling of gases at ELHS, OFGS, and PHS for geochemical analysis, installation of a continuous lake-level monitoring station at East Lake, and annual CO2 flux surveys at OFGS, would provide valuable background data and insights into any precursor volcanic activity. Integrating geochemical data with data from the real-time seismic and GPS network at Newberry Volcano could better resolve and interpret potential changes in its magma-hydrothermal system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107729","usgsCitation":"Lewicki, J.L., Evans, W.C., Ingebritsen, S.E., Clor, L., Kelly, P.J., Peek, S., Jensen, R.A., and Hunt, A., 2023, Geochemistry and fluxes of gases from hydrothermal features at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 433, 107729, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107729.","productDescription":"107729, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-142077","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107729","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":411629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.4446630583071,\n 43.958977799999275\n ],\n [\n -121.4446630583071,\n 43.4616991485112\n ],\n [\n -121.0217250470551,\n 43.4616991485112\n ],\n [\n -121.0217250470551,\n 43.958977799999275\n ],\n [\n -121.4446630583071,\n 43.958977799999275\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"433","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewicki, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-1994-9104 jlewicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-9104","contributorId":5071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewicki","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlewicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clor, Laura E. 0000-0003-2633-5100","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-5100","contributorId":209969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clor","given":"Laura E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kelly, Peter J. 0000-0002-3868-1046 pkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3868-1046","contributorId":5931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Peter","email":"pkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peek, Sara 0000-0002-9770-6557","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-6557","contributorId":209971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peek","given":"Sara","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jensen, Robert A.","contributorId":35469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":206197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew G.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":860934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70239272,"text":"70239272 - 2023 - Future direction of fuels management in sagebrush rangelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T14:39:39.210498","indexId":"70239272","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-05T08:39:08","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Future direction of fuels management in sagebrush rangelands","docAbstract":"Sagebrush ecosystems in the United States have been declining since EuroAmerican settlement, largely due to agricultural and urban development, invasive species, and altered fire regimes, resulting in loss of biodiversity and wildlife habitat. To combat continued conversion to undesirable ecological states and loss of habitat to invasive species fueled by frequent fire, a variety of fuel treatments, including networks of fuel breaks, are being implemented or proposed in sagebrush ecosystems, particularly in and around the Great Basin. In this forum paper we briefly review current knowledge of common fuel treatment approaches, their intended benefits, potential risks, and limitations. We additionally discuss challenges for fuel treatment strategies in the context of changes in climate, invasive species, wildlife habitat, and human population, and we explore how advances in geospatial technologies, monitoring, and fire behavior modeling, as well as accounting for social context, can improve the efficacy of fuels management in sagebrush ecosystems. Finally, given continued potential for ecosystem transformation, we describe approaches to future fuels management by considering the applicability of the Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD) framework. The intent of the paper is to provide scientists and land managers with key information and a forward-thinking framework for fuels science and adaptive management that can respond to both expected and unexpected changes in sagebrush rangelands.
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