No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science and strategies for restoration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco Estuary Project","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J.K., 2002, The evolving benthic community, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db7ee4b0589fa1c7eb68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008275,"text":"1008275 - 2002 - Transportation impacts to wildlife on state route 37 in northern San Pablo Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T11:47:04","indexId":"1008275","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3643,"text":"Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transportation impacts to wildlife on state route 37 in northern San Pablo Bay, California","docAbstract":"State Route 37 bisects conservation lands managed by San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service) and Napa-Sonoma Marshes Wildlife Area (California Department of Fish and Game) in Solano and Sonoma Counties. The 2-lane highway connects Interstates 101 and 80 in northern San Francisco Bay and experiences ~26,000 vehicles per day. Road-killed wildlife between Napa River and Tolay Creek bridges (14.7 km) were counted in 2000 to ascertain species composition, relative abundance, and relative occurrence (animal fatality interval). The primary objectives of the study were to determine if endangered salt marsh harvest mice (Reithrodontomys raviventris), California clapper rails (Rallus longirostris), or other species of concern were represented, and to collect baseline data on transportation impacts to wildlife in the area. During 51 surveys, 291 dead birds (54.6%) and mammals (45.4%) were observed. Endangered species were not positively identified dead on the highway. In total, 28 bird, 10 mammal and 1 reptile species were positively identified along this section of highway that traverses tidal marsh and diked baylands (i.e., salt ponds, seasonal wetlands, and oat-hay agriculture fields). The mean animal fatality interval for both lanes was one road-kill every 2.1km (2.1 km SD).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society 2001, Volume 37","usgsCitation":"Winton, B.R., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2002, Transportation impacts to wildlife on state route 37 in northern San Pablo Bay, California: Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife Society, v. 37, p. 55-60.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":329215,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildlifeprofessional.org/western/transactions/tr2001_8.html"}],"volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c1e4b07f02db5d356c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winton, Bryan R.","contributorId":175064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winton","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":317249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015000,"text":"1015000 - 2002 - Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, and shortnose sturgeon, A; brevirostrum, with notes on social behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T15:31:42.382249","indexId":"1015000","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, and shortnose sturgeon, A; brevirostrum, with notes on social behavior","title":"Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, and shortnose sturgeon, A; brevirostrum, with notes on social behavior","docAbstract":"Ontogenetic behavior of Hudson River Atlantic sturgeon and Connecticut River shortnose sturgeon early life intervals were similar during laboratory observations. After hatching, free embryos were photonegative and sought cover. When embryos developed into larvae, fish left cover, were photopositive, and initiated downstream migration. Free embryos may remain at the spawning site instead of migrating downstream because the risk of predation at spawning sites is low. The two species are sympatric, but not closely related, so the similarities in innate behaviors suggest common adaptations, not phylogenetic relationship. Atlantic sturgeon migrated downstream for 12 days (peak, first 6 days), shortnose sturgeon migrated for 3 days, and year-0 juveniles of both species did not resume downstream migration. Short or long migrations of larvae may reflect different styles related to the total migratory distance from spawning sites to juvenile rearing areas. Atlantic sturgeon need to move a short distance to reach rearing areas and they had a long 1-step migration of 6–12 days. In contrast, shortnose sturgeon need to move a long distance to reach all rearing areas. This may be accomplished by a 2-step migration, of which the brief migration of larvae is only the first step. Early migrant Atlantic sturgeon were nocturnal, while late migrants were diurnal, and shortnose sturgeon were diurnal. These diel differences may also be adaptations for long (Atlantic sturgeon) or short (shortnose sturgeon) migrations. Cultured shortnose sturgeon, and possibly Atlantic sturgeon, have a dominance hierarchy with large fish dominant when competing for limited foraging space. Social behavior may be more important in the life history of wild sturgeons than is generally recognized.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1014270129729","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., and Horgan, M., 2002, Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, and shortnose sturgeon, A; brevirostrum, with notes on social behavior: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 63, no. 3, p. 137-150, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014270129729.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Turners Falls","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.5650405883789,\n 42.598334597702554\n ],\n [\n -72.54444122314453,\n 42.598334597702554\n ],\n [\n -72.54444122314453,\n 42.609453533373696\n ],\n [\n -72.5650405883789,\n 42.609453533373696\n ],\n [\n -72.5650405883789,\n 42.598334597702554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af2e4b07f02db69195f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horgan, Martin","contributorId":23492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horgan","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008616,"text":"1008616 - 2002 - Estimating total human-caused mortality from reported mortality using data from radio-instrumented grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T14:55:56","indexId":"1008616","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating total human-caused mortality from reported mortality using data from radio-instrumented grizzly bears","docAbstract":"Tracking mortality of the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) is an essential issue of the recovery process. Problem bears removed by agencies are well documented. Deaths of radiocollared bears are known or, in many cases, can be reliably inferred. Additionally, the public reports an unknown proportion of deaths of uncollared bears. Estimating the number of non-agency human-caused mortalities is a necessary element that must be factored into the total annual mortality. Here, we describe a method of estimating the number of such deaths from records of reported human-caused bear mortalities. We used a hierarchical Bayesian model with a non-informative prior distribution for the number of deaths. Estimates of reporting rates developed from deaths of radio-instrumented bears from 1983 to 2000 were used to develop beta prior probability distributions that the public will report a death. Twenty-seven known deaths of radio-instrumented bears occurred during this period with 16 reported. Additionally, fates of 23 radio-instrumented bears were unknown and are considered possible unreported mortalities. We describe 3 ways of using this information to specify prior distributions on the probability a death will be reported by the public. We estimated total deaths of noninstrumented bears in running 3-year periods from 1993 to 2000. Thirty-nine known deaths of non-instrumented bears were reported during this period, ranging from 0 to 7/year. Seven possible mortalities were recorded. We applied the method to both sets of mortality data. Results from this method can be combined with agency removals and deaths of collared bears to produce defensible estimates of total mortality over relevant periods and to incorporate uncertainty when evaluating mortality limits established for the Yellowstone grizzly bear population. Assumptions and limitations of this procedure are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research & Management","usgsCitation":"Cherry, S., Haroldson, M., Robison-Cox, J., and Schwartz, C., 2002, Estimating total human-caused mortality from reported mortality using data from radio-instrumented grizzly bears: Ursus, v. 13, p. 175-184.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311877,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.org/iba-publications/ursus/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.98388671874999,\n 43.8186748554532\n ],\n [\n -109.13818359375,\n 43.8186748554532\n ],\n [\n -109.13818359375,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -110.98388671874999,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -110.98388671874999,\n 43.8186748554532\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc0cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, S.","contributorId":50480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haroldson, M.A. 0000-0002-7457-7676","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":108047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robison-Cox, J.","contributorId":107652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robison-Cox","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwartz, C.C.","contributorId":33658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1013528,"text":"1013528 - 2002 - The polar bear management agreement for the southern Beaufort Sea: An evaluation of the first ten years of a unique conservation agreement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T16:50:04.983656","indexId":"1013528","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The polar bear management agreement for the southern Beaufort Sea: An evaluation of the first ten years of a unique conservation agreement","docAbstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea population, distributed from approximately Icy Cape, west of Point Barrow, to Pearce Point, east of Paulatuk in Canada, are harvested by hunters from both countries. In Canada, quotas to control polar bear hunting have been in place, with periodic modifications, since 1968. In Alaska, passage of the United State Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) of 1972 banned polar bear hunting unless done by Alaska Natives for subsistence. However, the MMPA placed no restrictions on numbers or composition of the subsistence hunt, leaving open the potential for an overharvest with no possible legal management response until the population was declared depleted. Recognizing that as a threat to the conservation of the shared polar bear population, the Inuvialuit Game Council from Canada and the North Slop Borough from Alaska negotiated and signed a user-to-user agreement, the Polar Bear Management Agreement for the Southern Beaufort Sea, in 1988. We reviewed the functioning of the agreement through its first 10 years and concluded that, overall, it has been successful because both the total harvest and the proportion of females in the harvest have been contained within sustainable limits. However, harvest monitoring needs to be improved in Alaska, and awareness of the need to prevent overharvest of females needs to be increased in both countries. This agreement is a useful model for other user-to-user conservation agreements.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic720","usgsCitation":"Brower, C., Carpenter, A., Branigan, M., Calvert, W., Evans, T., Fischbach, A.S., Nagy, J., Schliebe, S., and Stirling, I., 2002, The polar bear management agreement for the southern Beaufort Sea: An evaluation of the first ten years of a unique conservation agreement: Arctic, v. 55, no. 4, p. 362-372, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic720.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic720","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":128481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.1,66.3 ], [ -156.1,74.7 ], [ -104.0,74.7 ], [ -104.0,66.3 ], [ -156.1,66.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a71e4b07f02db641e35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brower, C.D.","contributorId":93852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brower","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, A.","contributorId":87882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Branigan, M.L.","contributorId":94249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branigan","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calvert, W.","contributorId":44105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, T.","contributorId":87883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nagy, J.A.","contributorId":27393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schliebe, S.","contributorId":27818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schliebe","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":1008388,"text":"1008388 - 2002 - An evaluation of biomarkers of reproductive function and potential contaminant effects in Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) sampled from the St. Johns River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T16:38:42.248224","indexId":"1008388","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"An evaluation of biomarkers of reproductive function and potential contaminant effects in Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) sampled from the St. Johns River","title":"An evaluation of biomarkers of reproductive function and potential contaminant effects in Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) sampled from the St. Johns River","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to describe and compare several reproductive parameters for Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) inhabiting the St. Johns River and exposed to different types and/or degrees of contamination. Welaka was selected as the reference site in this study because of its low urban and agricultural development, Palatka is in close proximity to a paper mill plant, the Green Cove site is influenced by marine shipping activities and Julington Creek site receives discharges of domestic wastewater and storm water runoff from recreational boating marinas. For this study, bass were sampled both prior to (September 1996) and during the spawning season (February 1997). In order to characterize chemical exposure, bass livers were analyzed for up to 90 trace organics and 11 trace metal contaminants. Reproductive parameters measured included gonadosomatic index (GSI), histological evaluation of gonads and plasma concentrations of vitellogenin (VTG), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT). In general, the sum of organic chemicals was highest in livers from Palatka bass and bass from Green Cove and Julington Creek had higher hepatic concentrations of low molecular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls when compared to fish from Welaka. Metals were more variable across sites, with highest mean concentrations found in bass from either Julington Creek (Ag, As, Cr, Cu, Zn) or Welaka (Cd, Hg, Pb, Se, Tn). Female bass from Palatka and Green Cove had lower concentrations of E2, VTG and lower GSI in relation to Welaka. Males from Palatka and Green Cove showed comparable declines in 11-KT in relation to males from Julington Creek and GSI were decreased only in Palatka males. These results indicate a geographical trend in reproductive effects, with changes being most pronounced at the site closest to the paper mill (Palatka) and decreasing as the St. Johns River flows downstream. Since reproductive alterations were most evident in bass sampled from the site closest to the paper mill discharge, it is possible that exposure to these effluents might explain at least some of the results reported here. However, the presence of reproductive alterations in fish sampled at a considerable distance from the mill discharge (Green Cove, 40 km) would suggest exposure to chemicals released from sources other than the paper mill plant. It is clear that additional studies are needed to evaluate the potential impact of these reproductive changes in populations of Florida largemouth bass inhabiting the St. Johns River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/s0048-9697(01)01029-4","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, M.S., Johnson, W.E., Higman, J.C., Denslow, N., Schoeb, T., and Gross, T.S., 2002, An evaluation of biomarkers of reproductive function and potential contaminant effects in Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) sampled from the St. Johns River: Science of the Total Environment, v. 289, no. 1, p. 133-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(01)01029-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St Johns River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.76025390625,\n 29.499378142743375\n ],\n [\n -81.4801025390625,\n 29.499378142743375\n ],\n [\n -81.4801025390625,\n 30.318358689813856\n ],\n [\n -81.76025390625,\n 30.318358689813856\n ],\n [\n -81.76025390625,\n 29.499378142743375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"289","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6849b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Maria S.","contributorId":191042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, William E.","contributorId":68226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higman, J. C.","contributorId":65044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schoeb, T. R.","contributorId":73550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoeb","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, Timothy S.","contributorId":45381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1008627,"text":"1008627 - 2002 - Variable breeding phenology affects the exposure of amphibian embryos to ultraviolet radiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T14:58:35","indexId":"1008627","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variable breeding phenology affects the exposure of amphibian embryos to ultraviolet radiation","docAbstract":"Reduced water depth in dry years has been proposed to interact with ultraviolet- B (UV-B) radiation and a pathogenic fungus to cause episodes of high mortality of amphibian embryos. Observations of breeding phenology of boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata) in Colorado from 1986 to 2001 show that dry years result in earlier breeding. The earliest and latest dates of maximum calling activity by males were 20 May and 16 June, and the date of maximum calling was strongly related to the amount of snow accumulation during the winter. Surface UV-B flux, estimated from satellite-based measurements, was positively related to date of maximum calling. In dry years, surface UV-B during calling was reduced by an amount similar to that attributed to reduced depth. Although there was a significant trend of increasing UV-B from 1978 to 2001 on the average date (2 June) of maximum calling activity, there was no relationship between year and surface UV-B at actual dates of maximum calling. Exposure to extreme temperatures is an alternative explanation for increased mortality of amphibian embryos in shallow water.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2958:VBPATE]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., and Muths, E., 2002, Variable breeding phenology affects the exposure of amphibian embryos to ultraviolet radiation: Ecology, v. 83, no. 11, p. 2958-2963, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2958:VBPATE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2958","endPage":"2963","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658%282002%29083%5B2958%3AVBPATE%5D2.0.CO%3B2"}],"volume":"83","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602baa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025058,"text":"70025058 - 2002 - Mapping Chinese tallow with color-infrared photography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025058","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping Chinese tallow with color-infrared photography","docAbstract":"Airborne color-infrared photography (CIR) (1:12,000 scale) was used to map localized occurrences of the widespread and aggressive Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum), an invasive species. Photography was collected during senescence when Chinese tallow's bright red leaves presented a high spectral contrast within the native bottomland hardwood and upland forests and marsh land-cover types. Mapped occurrences were conservative because not all senescing tallow leaves are bright red simultaneously. To simulate low spectral but high spatial resolution satellite/airborne image and digital video data, the CIR photography was transformed into raster images at spatial resolutions approximating 0.5 in and 1.0 m. The image data were then spectrally classified for the occurrence of bright red leaves associated with senescing Chinese tallow. Classification accuracies were greater than 95 percent at both spatial resolutions. There was no significant difference in either forest in the detection of tallow or inclusion of non-tallow trees associated with the two spatial resolutions. In marshes, slightly more tallow occurrences were mapped with the lower spatial resolution, but there were also more misclassifications of native land covers as tallow. Combining all land covers, there was no difference at detecting tallow occurrences (equal omission errors) between the two resolutions, but the higher spatial resolution was associated with less inclusion of non-tallow land covers as tallow (lower commission error). Overall, these results confirm that high spatial (???1 m) but low spectral resolution remote sensing data can be used for mapping Chinese tallow trees in dominant environments found in coastal and adjacent upland landscapes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Nelson, G., Sapkota, S., Seeger, E., and Martella, K., 2002, Mapping Chinese tallow with color-infrared photography: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 68, no. 3, p. 251-255.","startPage":"251","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5043e4b0c8380cd6b56e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, G.A.","contributorId":17687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sapkota, S.K.","contributorId":24434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapkota","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seeger, E.B.","contributorId":97301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeger","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martella, K.D.","contributorId":107077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martella","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025069,"text":"70025069 - 2002 - Absolute irradiance of the Moon for on-orbit calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025069","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Absolute irradiance of the Moon for on-orbit calibration","docAbstract":"The recognized need for on-orbit calibration of remote sensing imaging instruments drives the ROLO project effort to characterize the Moon for use as an absolute radiance source. For over 5 years the ground-based ROLO telescopes have acquired spatially-resolved lunar images in 23 VNIR (Moon diameter ???500 pixels) and 9 SWIR (???250 pixels) passbands at phase angles within ??90 degrees. A numerical model for lunar irradiance has been developed which fits hundreds of ROLO images in each band, corrected for atmospheric extinction and calibrated to absolute radiance, then integrated to irradiance. The band-coupled extinction algorithm uses absorption spectra of several gases and aerosols derived from MODTRAN to fit time-dependent component abundances to nightly observations of standard stars. The absolute radiance scale is based upon independent telescopic measurements of the star Vega. The fitting process yields uncertainties in lunar relative irradiance over small ranges of phase angle and the full range of lunar libration well under 0.5%. A larger source of uncertainty enters in the absolute solar spectral irradiance, especially in the SWIR, where solar models disagree by up to 6%. Results of ROLO model direct comparisons to spacecraft observations demonstrate the ability of the technique to track sensor responsivity drifts to sub-percent precision. Intercomparisons among instruments provide key insights into both calibration issues and the absolute scale for lunar irradiance.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems VII","conferenceDate":"7 July 2002 through 10 July 2002","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.451694","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Stone, T., and Kieffer, H.H., 2002, Absolute irradiance of the Moon for on-orbit calibration, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4814, Seattle, WA, 7 July 2002 through 10 July 2002, p. 211-221, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451694.","startPage":"211","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209353,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.451694"},{"id":235682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4814","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e64ae4b0c8380cd4730b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnes W.L.","contributorId":128354,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Barnes W.L.","id":536545,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Stone, T.C.","contributorId":74874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024248,"text":"70024248 - 2002 - Weighting observations in the context of calibrating ground-water models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024248","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":649,"text":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weighting observations in the context of calibrating ground-water models","docAbstract":"This paper investigates four issues related to weighting observations in the context of ground-water models calibrated with nonlinear regression: (1) terminology, (2) determining values for the weighting, (3) measurement and model errors, and (4) the effect weighting can have on the accuracy of calibrated models and measures of uncertainty. It is shown that the confusing aspects of weighting can be managed, and are not a practical barrier to using regression methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Czech","issn":"00017132","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., and Tiedeman, C.R., 2002, Weighting observations in the context of calibrating ground-water models: Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, v. 46, no. 2-3, p. 213-217.","startPage":"213","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfcbe4b08c986b32eaeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiedeman, C. R.","contributorId":104107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025084,"text":"70025084 - 2002 - Morphology, volcanism, and mass wasting in Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T10:28:16","indexId":"70025084","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology, volcanism, and mass wasting in Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Crater Lake was surveyed nearly to its shoreline by high-resolution multibeam echo sounding in order to define its geologic history and provide an accurate base map for research and monitoring surveys. The bathymetry and acoustic backscatter reveal the character of landforms and lead to a chronology for the concurrent filling of the lake and volcanism within the ca. 7700 calibrated yr B.P. caldera. The andesitic Wizard Island and central-plattform volcanoes are composed of sequences of lava deltas that record former lake levels and demonstrate simultaneous activity at the two vents. Wizard Island eruptions ceased when the lake was ~80 m lower than at present. Lava streams from prominent channels on the surface of the central platform descended to feed extensive subaqueous flow fields on the caldera floor. The Wizard Island and central-platform volcanoes, andesitic Merriam Cone, and a newly discovered probable lava flow on the eastern floor of the lake apparently date from within a few hundred years of caldera collapse, whereas a small rhydacite dome was emplaced on the flank of Wizard Island at ca. 4800 cal. yr B.P. Bedrock outcrops on the submerged caldera walls are shown in detail and, in some cases, can be correlated with exposed geologic units of Mount Mazama. Fragmental debris making up the walls elsewhere consists of narrow talus cones forming a dendritic pattern that leads to fewer, wider ridges downslope. Hummocky topography and scattered blocks up to ~280 m long below many of the embayments in the caldera wall mark debris-avalanche deposits that probably formed in single events and commonly are affected by secondary failures. The flat-floored, deep basins contain relatively fine-grained sediment transported from the debris aprons by sheet-flow turbidity currents. Crater Lake apparently filled rapidly (ca. 400-750 yr) until reaching a permeable layer above glaciated lava identified by the new survey in the northeast caldera wall at ~1845 m elevation. Thereafter, a gradual, climatically modulated rise in lake level to the present 1883 m produced a series of beaches culminating in a modern wave-cut platform, commonly ~40 m wide, where suitable material is present. The new survey reveals landforms that result from intermediate-composition volcanism in rising water, delineates mass wasting and sediment transport into a restricted basin, and yields a more accurate postcaldera history leading to improved assessment of volcanic hazards.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0675:MVAMWI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., Gardner, J., Mayer, L.A., Buktenica, M., Dartnell, P., Ramsey, D., and Robinson, J., 2002, Morphology, volcanism, and mass wasting in Crater Lake, Oregon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 114, no. 6, p. 675-692, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0675:MVAMWI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"692","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","volume":"114","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e5fe4b0c8380cd709c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, L. A.","contributorId":105776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buktenica, M.W.","contributorId":68263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buktenica","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dartnell, P.","contributorId":60797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ramsey, D.W.","contributorId":95219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robinson, J.E.","contributorId":53100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1013333,"text":"1013333 - 2002 - Genetic parentage and mate guarding in the Arctic-breedng Western Sandpiper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T15:03:39","indexId":"1013333","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic parentage and mate guarding in the Arctic-breedng Western Sandpiper","docAbstract":"Extrapair copulations and fertilizations are common among birds, especially in passerines. So far, however, few studies have examined genetic mating systems in socially monogamous shorebirds. Here, we examine parentage in the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri). Given that Western Sandpipers nest at high densities on the Arctic tundra, have separate nesting and feeding areas, and show high divorce rates between years, we expected extrapair paternity to be more common in this species compared to other monogamous shorebirds. However, DNA fingerprinting of 98 chicks from 40 families revealed that only 8% of broods contained young sired by extrapair males, and that 5% of all chicks were extrapair. All chicks were the genetic offspring of their social mothers. We found that males followed females more often than the reverse. Also, cuckolded males were separated from their mates for longer than those that did not lose paternity. Although these results suggest a role for male mate guarding, we propose that high potential costs in terms of reduced paternal care likely constrain female Western Sandpipers from seeking extrapair copulations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0228:GPAMGI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Blomqvist, D., Kempenaers, B., Lanctot, R., and Sandercock, B.K., 2002, Genetic parentage and mate guarding in the Arctic-breedng Western Sandpiper: The Auk, v. 119, no. 1, p. 228-232, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0228:GPAMGI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"232","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0228:gpamgi]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blomqvist, D.","contributorId":73154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomqvist","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kempenaers, Bart","contributorId":54943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempenaers","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13130,"text":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":77879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandercock, B. K.","contributorId":61382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandercock","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024458,"text":"70024458 - 2002 - The 26 January 2001 M 7.6 Bhuj, India, earthquake: Observed and predicted ground motions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024458","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 26 January 2001 M 7.6 Bhuj, India, earthquake: Observed and predicted ground motions","docAbstract":"Although local and regional instrumental recordings of the devastating 26, January 2001, Bhuj earthquake are sparse, the distribution of macroseismic effects can provide important constraints on the mainshock ground motions. We compiled available news accounts describing damage and other effects and interpreted them to obtain modified Mercalli intensities (MMIs) at >200 locations throughout the Indian subcontinent. These values are then used to map the intensity distribution throughout the subcontinent using a simple mathematical interpolation method. Although preliminary, the maps reveal several interesting features. Within the Kachchh region, the most heavily damaged villages are concentrated toward the western edge of the inferred fault, consistent with western directivity. Significant sediment-induced amplification is also suggested at a number of locations around the Gulf of Kachchh to the south of the epicenter. Away from the Kachchh region, intensities were clearly amplified significantly in areas that are along rivers, within deltas, or on coastal alluvium, such as mudflats and salt pans. In addition, we use fault-rupture parameters inferred from teleseismic data to predict shaking intensity at distances of 0-1000 km. We then convert the predicted hard-rock ground-motion parameters to MMI by using a relationship (derived from Internet-based intensity surveys) that assigns MMI based on the average effects in a region. The predicted MMIs are typically lower by 1-3 units than those estimated from news accounts, although they do predict near-field ground motions of approximately 80%g and potentially damaging ground motions on hard-rock sites to distances of approximately 300 km. For the most part, this discrepancy is consistent with the expected effect of sediment response, but it could also reflect other factors, such as unusually high building vulnerability in the Bhuj region and a tendency for media accounts to focus on the most dramatic damage, rather than the average effects. The discrepancy may also be partly attributable to the inadequacy of the empirical relationship between MMI and peak ground acceleration (PGA), when applied to India. The MMI-PGA relationship was developed using data from California earthquakes, which might have a systematically different stress drop and therefore, a different frequency content than intraplate events. When a relationship between response spectra and MMI is used, we obtain larger predicted MMI values, in better agreement with the observations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120010260","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., Martin, S., Bilham, R., and Atkinson, G.M., 2002, The 26 January 2001 M 7.6 Bhuj, India, earthquake: Observed and predicted ground motions: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 6, p. 2061-2079, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010260.","startPage":"2061","endPage":"2079","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478729,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140801-105512897","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207773,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120010260"},{"id":232975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba652e4b08c986b32105b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, S.","contributorId":77658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bilham, R.","contributorId":87328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilham","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atkinson, G. M.","contributorId":69283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015004,"text":"1015004 - 2002 - Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T20:53:14.3979","indexId":"1015004","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis","title":"Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis","docAbstract":"The Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, is an anadromous protected species that presently only spawns in the Yangtze River. Using laboratory experiments, we examined the behavioral preference of young Chinese sturgeon to physical habitat (water depth, illumination intensity, substrate color, and cover) and monitored their downstream migration. Hatchling free embryos were photopositive, preferred open habitat, and immediately upon hatching, swam far above the bottom using swim-up and drift. Downstream migration peaked on days 0–1, decreased about 50% or more during days 2–7, and ceased by day 8. Days 0–1 migrants were active both day and night, but days 2–7 migrants were most active during the day. After ceasing migration, days 8–11 embryos were photonegative, preferred dark substrate and sought cover. Free embryos developed into larvae and began feeding on day 12, when another shift in behavior occurred–larvae returned to photopositive behavior and preferred white substrate. The selective factor favoring migration of free embryos upon hatching and swimming far above the bottom may be avoidance of benthic predatory fishes. Free embryos, which must rely on yolk energy for activity and growth, only used 19 cumulative temperature degree-days for peak migration compared to 234 degree-days for growth to first feeding larvae, a 1 : 12 ratio of cumulative temperature units. This ratio suggests that sturgeon species with large migratory embryos, like Chinese sturgeon, which require a high level of energy to swim during migration, may migrate only a short time to conserve most yolk energy for growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1019621501672","usgsCitation":"Zhuang, P., Kynard, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, T., and Cao, W., 2002, Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 65, no. 1, p. 83-97, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019621501672.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","city":"Jingzhou","otherGeospatial":"Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 112.07427978515625,\n 28.589345223446188\n ],\n [\n 112.98614501953125,\n 28.589345223446188\n ],\n [\n 112.98614501953125,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n 112.07427978515625,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n 112.07427978515625,\n 28.589345223446188\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af2e4b07f02db691951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhuang, P.","contributorId":49892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, L.","contributorId":41543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, T.","contributorId":61536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cao, W.","contributorId":10511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cao","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024640,"text":"70024640 - 2002 - Crosswell seismic investigation of hydraulically conductive, fracture bedrock near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:53:27","indexId":"70024640","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crosswell seismic investigation of hydraulically conductive, fracture bedrock near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire (USA), hydraulically conductive, fractured bedrock was investigated with the crosswell seismic method to determine whether this method could provide any information about hydraulic conductivity between wells. To this end, crosswell seismic data, acoustic logs from boreholes, image logs from boreholes, and single borehole hydraulic tests were analyzed. The analysis showed that, first, the P-wave velocities from the acoustic logs tended to be higher in schist than they were in granite. (Schist and granite were the dominant rock types). Second, the P-wave velocities from the acoustic logs tended to be low near fractures. Third, the hydraulic conductivity was always low (always less than to 10−8 m/s) where no fractures intersected the borehole, but the hydraulic conductivity ranged from low to high (from less than to 10−10 m/s to 10−4 m/s) where one or more fractures intersected the borehole. Fourth, high hydraulic conductivities were slightly more frequent when the P-wave velocity was low (less than 5200 m/s) than when it was high (greater than or equal to 5200 m/s). The interpretation of this statistical relation was that the fractures tended to increase the hydraulic conductivity and to lower the P-wave velocity. This statistical relation was applied to a velocity tomogram to create a map showing the probability of high hydraulic conductivity; the map was consistent with results from independent hydraulic tests.
Freshwater mussels and stream substrate were sampled at 30 locations in the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint (ACF) river basins. Although >2100 mussels that included 25 species were observed in our sample of 2661 quadrats, only 5 species were sufficiently abundant to provide reliable estimates of the relationship between mussel presence and substrate composition. Among these 5 species, only Villosa lienosa was associated with substrate composition. Villosa lienosa was most prevalent in well-sorted sediments that contained high proportions of fine particles, but its presence was unrelated to sediment porosity. Because many species of freshwater mussels in these Coastal Plain streams are dispersed and rare, future studies of mussel–habitat associations in the ACF basin should include novel sampling designs and methods that allow rare species to be encountered in greater numbers than those observed in our study.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468413","usgsCitation":"Brim-Box, J., Dorazio, R.M., and Liddell, W.D., 2002, Relationships between streambed substrate characteristics and freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in coastal plain streams: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 21, no. 2, p. 253-260, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468413.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 29.735762444449076\n ],\n [\n -84.583740234375,\n 30.694611546632277\n ],\n [\n -83.155517578125,\n 32.43561304116276\n ],\n [\n -82.781982421875,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -82.85888671875,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -82.84790039062499,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -83.616943359375,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -84.74853515625,\n 34.20725938207231\n ],\n [\n -85.36376953125,\n 32.98102014898148\n ],\n [\n -85.50659179687499,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -85.550537109375,\n 30.968189296794247\n ],\n [\n -85.26489257812499,\n 29.83111376473715\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 29.735762444449076\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brim-Box, Jayne","contributorId":139992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brim-Box","given":"Jayne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13345,"text":"Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":317600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":317601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liddell, W. D.","contributorId":49747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liddell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008375,"text":"1008375 - 2002 - Fitness consequences of nest desertion in an endangered host, the least Bell's vireo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T15:58:52","indexId":"1008375","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fitness consequences of nest desertion in an endangered host, the least Bell's vireo","docAbstract":"Recent analyses of the impact of cowbird parasitism on host productivity suggest that while parasitism reduces productivity on a per-nest basis, the ability of pairs to desert parasitized nests and renest allows them to achieve productivity comparable to that of unparasitized pairs. This has implications for the management of several endangered species that are highly vulnerable to parasitism and consequently the target of cowbird control programs. I calculated seasonal nesting effort (number of nests per pair) and productivity of 568 pairs of Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) monitored over 11 years at the San Luis Rey River in San Diego County, California (where cowbird trapping has reduced, but not eliminated, parasitism), assigning pairs to one of three groups: (1) deserters, (2) rescued (parasitized pairs with nests “rescued” from probable failure by the removal of cowbird eggs), and (3) unparasitized. Parasitized pairs attempted significantly more nests per season than did unparasitized pairs, with deserters producing more nests than rescued pairs. However, productivity of deserting pairs was significantly lower than that of both rescued and unparasitized pairs, largely because subsequent nests of deserting pairs were also parasitized. Seasonal productivity of rescued and unparasitized pairs was comparable, indicating that in this species, reduction of cowbird impacts through nest manipulation to remove cowbird eggs is effective. Desertion by Least Bell's Vireos does not appear to be an adequate natural defense against parasitism, suggesting the need for continued cowbird control while vireo populations are re-established.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0795:FCONDI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., 2002, Fitness consequences of nest desertion in an endangered host, the least Bell's vireo: Condor, v. 104, no. 4, p. 795-802, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0795:FCONDI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"802","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478678,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0795:fcondi]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cce4b07f02db54467f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, Barbara E. 0000-0002-3679-3044 barbara_kus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3679-3044","contributorId":3026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"Barbara E.","email":"barbara_kus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024393,"text":"70024393 - 2002 - Continental shelf GIS for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024393","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continental shelf GIS for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary","docAbstract":"A marine sanctuary is an environment where the interests of science and society meet. Land and marine managers need access to the best scientific data available that describe the environment and environmental processes in sanctuaries. The sidescan sonar imagery, bathymetry, sample analyses and other data discussed in the papers in this volume have been made available as a U.S. Geological Survey CDROM publication. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00274-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Wong, F.L., and Eittreim, S., 2002, Continental shelf GIS for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary: Marine Geology, v. 181, no. 1-3, p. 317-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00274-2.","startPage":"317","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207226,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00274-2"},{"id":232000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"181","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa51e4b0c8380cd4da41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, F. L.","contributorId":87515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eittreim, S.L.","contributorId":98730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eittreim","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2001205,"text":"2001205 - 2002 - A field guide to amphibian larvae and eggs of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-07T18:17:17.908055","indexId":"2001205","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"USGS/BRD/ITR-2002-0004","title":"A field guide to amphibian larvae and eggs of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa","docAbstract":"Apparent worldwide declines in amphibian populations (Pechmann and Wake 1997) have stimulated interest in amphibians as bioindicators of the health of ecosystems. Because we have little information on the population status of many species, there is interest by public and private land management agencies in monitoring amphibian populations. Amphibian egg and larval surveys are established methods of surveying pond-breeding amphibians. Adults may be widely dispersed across the landscape, but eggs and larvae are confined to the breeding site during a specific season of the year. Also, observations of late-stage larvae or metamorphs are evidence of successful reproduction, which is an important indicator of the viability of the population. The goal of this guide is to help students, natural resources personnel, and biologists identify eggs and larval stages of amphibians in the field without the aid of a microscope.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Parmelee, J., Knutson, M.G., and Lyon, J., 2002, A field guide to amphibian larvae and eggs of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa: Information and Technology Report USGS/BRD/ITR-2002-0004, 48 p.","productDescription":"48 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311071,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/2002/0004/itr20020004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":197646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, 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G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyon, J.E.","contributorId":46649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015270,"text":"1015270 - 2002 - Influence of trophy hunting and horn size on mating behavior and survivorship of mountain sheep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-16T22:48:58","indexId":"1015270","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of trophy hunting and horn size on mating behavior and survivorship of mountain sheep","docAbstract":"We conducted a study of the effects of horn sizes and trophy hunting on mating behavior and survival of rams in hunted and unhunted populations of Dall sheep (Ovis dalli), Rocky Mountain bighorn (O. canadensis canadensis), and desert bighorn (O. c. nelsoni) sheep. Mating success was positively correlated with horn size in Dall sheep (P = 0.03) and Rocky Mountain bighorns (P = 0.05), but not in the desert bighorn (P > 0.05) taxa. Group sizes, rams per rut group, and competition between rams were lowest in desert bighorn sheep. There were indications of greater harassment of ewes by young rams in trophy-hunted populations. In hunted populations, compared with unhunted, ewes ran away more often from approaching rams, ewes moved farther away from courting young rams (P = 0.003), younger rams performed fewer courtship displays (P = 0.042) and more aggressive displays to ewes, and sheep interacted 27% more of the time. Ram-to-ewe interaction times per individual ewe did not differ for any of the taxa (P > 0.05), and, apparently as a consequence of this, we found no discernable effects of trophy hunting on survivorship of ewes, ewe fecundity, or recruitment of young (P > 0.05). There were greater energy expenditures by young rams in the heavily hunted Dall sheep population versus the paired Dall sheep unhunted population, but not in the lightly hunted Rocky Mountain and desert bighorn populations when compared with unhunted populations. This was consistent with evidence for depressed survivorship of rams too young or too small to be hunted (approximately ages 4–6) in the heavily hunted Dall sheep population (P = 0.0001), but not in the bighorn sheep populations (P > 0.05).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0682:IOTHAH>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Singer, F.J., and Zeigenfuss, L., 2002, Influence of trophy hunting and horn size on mating behavior and survivorship of mountain sheep: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 83, no. 3, p. 682-698, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0682:IOTHAH>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"682","endPage":"698","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0682:iothah>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adfcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zeigenfuss, L. C.","contributorId":69089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"L. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}