{"pageNumber":"3024","pageRowStart":"75575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184743,"records":[{"id":70024496,"text":"70024496 - 2002 - Effects of colony relocation on diet and productivity of Caspian terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-04T17:28:03.077625","indexId":"70024496","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of colony relocation on diet and productivity of Caspian terns","docAbstract":"<p>We investigated the efficacy of management to reduce the impact of Caspian tern (<i>Sterna caspia</i>) predation on survival of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Columbia River estuary. Resource managers sought to relocate approximately 9,000 pairs of terns nesting on Rice Island (river km 34) to East Sand Island (river km 8), where terns were expected to prey on fewer juvenile salmonids. Efforts to attract terns to nest on East Sand Island included creation of nesting habitat, use of social attraction techniques, and predator control, with concurrent efforts to discourage terns from nesting on Rice Island. This approach was successful in completely relocating the tern colony from Rice Island to East Sand Island by the third breeding season. Juvenile salmonids decreased and marine forage fishes (i.e., herring, sardine, anchovy, smelt, surfperch, Pacific sand lance) increased in the diet of Caspian terns nesting on East Sand Island, compared with terns nesting on Rice Island. During 1999 and 2000, the diet of terns nesting on Rice Island consisted of 77% and 90% juvenile salmonids, respectively, while during 1999, 2000, and 2001, the diet of terns nesting on East Sand Island consisted of 46%, 47%, and 33% juvenile salmonids, respectively. Nesting success of Caspian terns was consistently and substantially higher on East Sand Island than on Rice Island. These results indicate that relocating the Caspian tern colony was an effective management action for reducing predation on juvenile salmonids without harm to the population of breeding terns, at least in the short term. The success of this management approach largely was a consequence of the nesting and foraging ecology of Caspian terns: the species shifts breeding colony sites frequently in response to changing habitats, and the species is a generalist forager, preying on the most available forage fish near the colony.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803132","usgsCitation":"Roby, D.D., Collis, K., Lyons, D., Craig, D.P., Adkins, J.Y., Myers, A.M., and Suryan, R., 2002, Effects of colony relocation on diet and productivity of Caspian terns: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 66, no. 3, p. 662-673, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803132.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"662","endPage":"673","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.07684326171874,\n              46.13987966342405\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.26934814453126,\n              46.13987966342405\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.26934814453126,\n              46.31848113932307\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.07684326171874,\n              46.31848113932307\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.07684326171874,\n              46.13987966342405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b6e4b0c8380cd513ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collis, Ken","contributorId":149991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collis","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17879,"text":"Real Time Research, Inc., 231 SW Scalehouse Loop, Suite 101, Bend, OR 97702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, Donald E.","contributorId":20119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Donald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Craig, D. P.","contributorId":107069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adkins, Jessica Y.","contributorId":171820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adkins","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Myers, Anne Mary","contributorId":85808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Suryan, Robert M.","contributorId":101799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1008185,"text":"1008185 - 2002 - Trophic strategies, animal diversity and body size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T15:08:40","indexId":"1008185","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic strategies, animal diversity and body size","docAbstract":"<p><span>A primary difference between predators and parasites is the number of victims that an individual attacks throughout a life-history stage. A key division within natural enemies is whether a successful attack eliminates the fitness of the prey or the host. A third distinctive axis for parasites is whether the host must die to further parasite development. The presence or absence of intensity-dependent pathology is a fourth factor that separates macroparasites from microparasites; this also distinguishes between social and solitary predators. Combining these four dichotomies defines seven types of parasitism, seven corresponding parasites, three forms of predation and, when one considers obligate and facultative combinations of these forms, four types of predator. Here, we argue that the energetics underlying the relative and absolute sizes of natural enemies and their victims is the primary selective factor responsible for the evolution of these different trophic strategies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cell Press","doi":"10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02615-0","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., and Kuris, A.M., 2002, Trophic strategies, animal diversity and body size: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 17, no. 11, p. 507-513, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02615-0.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"513","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6242e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024902,"text":"70024902 - 2002 - Modelling postfledging survival and age- specific breeding probabilities in species with delayed maturity: A case study of Roseate Terns at Falkner Island, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024902","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2173,"text":"Journal of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling postfledging survival and age- specific breeding probabilities in species with delayed maturity: A case study of Roseate Terns at Falkner Island, Connecticut","docAbstract":"We modelled postfledging survival and age-specific breeding probabilities in endangered Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) at Falkner Island, Connecticut, USA using capture-recapture data from 1988-1998 of birds ringed as chicks and as adults. While no individuals bred as 2-year-olds during this period, about three-quarters of the young that survived and returned as 3-year-olds nested, and virtually all surviving birds had begun breeding by the time they reached 5 years of age. We found no evidence of temporal variation age of first breeding of birds from different cohorts. There was significant temporal variation in the annual survival of adults and the survival over the typical 3-year maturation period of prebreeding birds, with extremely low values for both groups from the 1991 breeding season. The estimated overwinter survival rate (0.62) for adults from 1991-1992 was about three-quarters the usual rate of about 0.83, but the low survival of fledglings from 1991 resulted in less than 25% of the otherwise expected number of young from that cohort returning as breeding birds; this suggests that fledglings suffered a greater proportional decrease in survival than did adults. The survival estimates of young from 1989 and 1990 show that these cohorts were not negatively influenced by the events that decimated the young from 1991, and the young from 1992 and 1993 had above-average survival estimates. The apparent decrease since 1996 in development of fidelity of new recruits to this site is suspected to be due mainly to nocturnal disturbance and predation of chicks causing low productivity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/02664760120108764","issn":"02664763","usgsCitation":"Spendelow, J., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Lebreton, J., and Pradel, R., 2002, Modelling postfledging survival and age- specific breeding probabilities in species with delayed maturity: A case study of Roseate Terns at Falkner Island, Connecticut: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 385-405, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108764.","startPage":"385","endPage":"405","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207963,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108764"},{"id":233287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c70e4b0c8380cd6fcc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spendelow, J. A. 0000-0001-8167-0898","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":72478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lebreton, J.D.","contributorId":104186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebreton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pradel, R.","contributorId":85692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pradel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70170577,"text":"70170577 - 2002 - Thermotolerance generated by plant/fungal symbiosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T16:33:04.002939","indexId":"70170577","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermotolerance generated by plant/fungal symbiosis","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1078055","usgsCitation":"Redman, R.S., Sheehan, K.B., Stout, R.G., Rodriguez, R.J., and Henson, J.M., 2002, Thermotolerance generated by plant/fungal symbiosis: Science, v. 298, no. 5598, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1078055.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1581","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"298","issue":"5598","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5720913ae4b071321fe656b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redman, Regina S. 0000-0001-5108-7570","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-7570","contributorId":75829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"Regina","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheehan, Kathy B.","contributorId":168933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stout, Richard G.","contributorId":168934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stout","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodriguez, Russell J.","contributorId":75035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henson, Joan M.","contributorId":168935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henson","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023845,"text":"70023845 - 2002 - American lifelines alliance efforts to improve electric power transmission reliability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023845","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"American lifelines alliance efforts to improve electric power transmission reliability","docAbstract":"A study was performed on American Lifelines Alliance (ALA) efforts to improve electric power transmission reliability. ALA is a public-private partnership project, with the goal of reducing risks to lifelines from natural hazards and human threat events. The mechanism used by ALA for developing national guidelines for lifeline systems is dependent upon using existing Standards Developing Organizations (SDO) accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as means to achieve national consensus.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Conference: Electrical Transmission in a New Age","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Conference: Electrical Transmission in a New Age","conferenceDate":"9 September 2002 through 9 December 2002","conferenceLocation":"Omaha, NE","language":"English","isbn":"0784406421","usgsCitation":"Nishenko, S., Savage, W., Honegger, D., and McLane, T., 2002, American lifelines alliance efforts to improve electric power transmission reliability, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Conference: Electrical Transmission in a New Age, Omaha, NE, 9 September 2002 through 9 December 2002, p. 403-410.","startPage":"403","endPage":"410","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9b4e4b0c8380cd483d1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jackman D.E.Jackman D.E.","contributorId":128311,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Jackman D.E.Jackman D.E.","id":536513,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nishenko, S.P.","contributorId":8072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishenko","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W.U.","contributorId":25258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Honegger, D.G.","contributorId":17401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honegger","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLane, T.R.","contributorId":101848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLane","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70175693,"text":"70175693 - 2002 - Long-term ecosystem studies in Isle Royale, Olympic, and Rocky Mountain National Parks; Noatak National Preserve, and Fraser Experimental Forest; Noatak National Preserve, and Fraser Experimental Forest. Research Report no. 95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:07:22","indexId":"70175693","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Long-term ecosystem studies in Isle Royale, Olympic, and Rocky Mountain National Parks; Noatak National Preserve, and Fraser Experimental Forest; Noatak National Preserve, and Fraser Experimental Forest. Research Report no. 95","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., Baron, J., Edmonds, R., Scherbarth, L., and Steltzer, H., 2002, Long-term ecosystem studies in Isle Royale, Olympic, and Rocky Mountain National Parks; Noatak National Preserve, and Fraser Experimental Forest; Noatak National Preserve, and Fraser Experimental Forest. Research Report no. 95, 49 p.","productDescription":"49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc69e4b03fd6b7d94c67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":70320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edmonds, R.","contributorId":91807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmonds","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scherbarth, L.","contributorId":15956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scherbarth","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steltzer, Heidi","contributorId":72735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steltzer","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024513,"text":"70024513 - 2002 - Lower crustal flow and the role of shear in basin subsidence: An example from the Dead Sea basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:07:02","indexId":"70024513","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lower crustal flow and the role of shear in basin subsidence: An example from the Dead Sea basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>We interpret large-scale subsidence (5–6 km depth) with little attendant brittle deformation in the southern Dead Sea basin, a large pull-apart basin along the Dead Sea transform plate boundary, to indicate lower crustal thinning due to lower crustal flow. Along-axis flow within the lower crust could be induced by the reduction of overburden pressure in the central Dead Sea basin, where brittle extensional deformation is observed. Using a channel flow approximation, we estimate that lower crustal flow would occur within the time frame of basin subsidence if the viscosity is ≤7×10</span><sup>19</sup><span>–1×10</span><sup>21</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>Pa s, a value compatible with the normal heat flow in the region. Lower crustal viscosity due to the strain rate associated with basin extension is estimated to be similar to or smaller than the viscosity required for a channel flow. However, the viscosity under the basin may be reduced to 5×10</span><sup>17</sup><span>–5×10</span><sup>19</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>Pa s by the enhanced strain rate due to lateral shear along the transform plate boundary. Thus, lower crustal flow facilitated by shear may be a viable mechanism to enlarge basins and modify other topographic features even in the absence of underlying thermal anomalies.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00540-X","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Al-Zoubi, A., and ten Brink, U., 2002, Lower crustal flow and the role of shear in basin subsidence: An example from the Dead Sea basin: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 199, no. 1-2, p. 67-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00540-X.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel, Jordan","otherGeospatial":"Dead Sea basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              35.393829345703125,\n              31.298501438004223\n            ],\n            [\n              35.594329833984375,\n              31.298501438004223\n            ],\n            [\n              35.594329833984375,\n              31.777212523418644\n            ],\n            [\n              35.393829345703125,\n              31.777212523418644\n            ],\n            [\n              35.393829345703125,\n              31.298501438004223\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"199","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a7be4b0c8380cd68dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Al-Zoubi, A.","contributorId":76910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Zoubi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024502,"text":"70024502 - 2002 - Bioavailability of organic matter in a highly disturbed Estuary: The role of detrital and algal resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:28:16","indexId":"70024502","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioavailability of organic matter in a highly disturbed Estuary: The role of detrital and algal resources","docAbstract":"<p>The importance of algal and detrital food supplies to the planktonic food web of a highly disturbed, estuarine ecosystem was evaluated in response to declining zooplankton and fish populations. We assessed organic matter bioavailability among a diversity of habitats and hydrologic inputs over 2 years in San Francisco Estuary's Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Results show that bioavailable dissolved organic carbon from external riverine sources supports a large component of ecosystem metabolism. However, bioavailable particulate organic carbon derived primarily from internal phytoplankton production is the dominant food supply to the planktonic food web. The relative importance of phytoplankton as a food source is surprising because phytoplankton production is a small component of the ecosystem's organic-matter mass balance. Our results indicate that management plans aimed at modifying the supply of organic matter to riverine, estuarine, and coastal food webs need to incorporate the potentially wide nutritional range represented by different organic matter sources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.122614399","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Sobczak, W.V., Cloern, J., Jassby, A., and Muller-Solger, A.B., 2002, Bioavailability of organic matter in a highly disturbed Estuary: The role of detrital and algal resources: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 99, no. 12, p. 8101-8105, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.122614399.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"8101","endPage":"8105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478656,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.122614399","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207867,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.122614399"}],"volume":"99","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f13ee4b0c8380cd4ab0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sobczak, W. V.","contributorId":41983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobczak","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jassby, A.D.","contributorId":43798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muller-Solger, A. B.","contributorId":25333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller-Solger","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024504,"text":"70024504 - 2002 - HIBAL: A hydrologic-isotopic-balance model for application to paleolake systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024504","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"HIBAL: A hydrologic-isotopic-balance model for application to paleolake systems","docAbstract":"A simple hydrologic-isotopic-balance (HIBAL) model for application to paleolake ??18O records is presented. Inputs to the model include discharge, on-lake precipitation, evaporation, and the ??18O values of these fluid fluxes. Monthly values of climatic parameters that govern the fractionation of 18O and 16O during evaporation have been extracted from historical data sets and held constant in the model. The ability of the model to simulate changes in the hydrologic balance and the ??18O evolution of the mixed layer has been demonstrated using measured data from Pyramid Lake, Nevada. Simulations of the response in ??18O to step- and periodic-function changes in fluid inputs indicate that the hydrologic balance and ??18O values lag climate change. Input of reconstructed river discharges and their ??18O values to Pyramid and Walker lakes indicates that minima and maxima in simulated ??18O records correspond to minima and maxima in the reconstructed volume records and that the overall shape of the volume and ??18O records is similar. The model was also used in a simulation of abrupt oscillations in the ??18O values of paleo-Owens Lake, California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00094-4","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Benson, L., and Paillet, F., 2002, HIBAL: A hydrologic-isotopic-balance model for application to paleolake systems: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 21, no. 12-13, p. 1521-1539, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00094-4.","startPage":"1521","endPage":"1539","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207884,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00094-4"},{"id":233158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"12-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e7be4b0c8380cd5c5a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L.","contributorId":56793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paillet, F.","contributorId":73372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180703,"text":"70180703 - 2002 - Major areas of ground-water development; Escalante Valley, Beryl-Enterprise area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T14:29:40","indexId":"70180703","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":247,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"43","title":"Major areas of ground-water development; Escalante Valley, Beryl-Enterprise area","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","issn":"0375-8133","usgsCitation":"Christiansen, H., and Burden, C.B., 2002, Major areas of ground-water development; Escalante Valley, Beryl-Enterprise area: Cooperative Investigations Report 43, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"95","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0aae4b072a7ac129905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christiansen, H.K.","contributorId":178517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christiansen","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180948,"text":"70180948 - 2002 - Estimating water-table change using microgravity surveys during an ASR program in Lancaster, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-09T11:44:51","indexId":"70180948","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating water-table change using microgravity surveys during an ASR program in Lancaster, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"International symposium on Artificial recharge of groundwater","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"4th international symposium on Artificial recharge of groundwater","language":"English","isbn":"90-5809-527-4 ","usgsCitation":"Howle, J., Phillips, S., Ikehara, M.E., and Dillon, P., 2002, Estimating water-table change using microgravity surveys during an ASR program in Lancaster, California, <i>in</i> International symposium on Artificial recharge of groundwater, v. 4, p. 269-272.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"272","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589d8dd8e4b0efcedb7ae5ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howle, J. F. 0000-0003-0491-6203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":66294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, S.P.","contributorId":38172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ikehara, M. E.","contributorId":40977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikehara","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dillon, P.J.","contributorId":90899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024806,"text":"70024806 - 2002 - A comparative assessment of genetic diversity among differently-aged populations of Spartina alterniflora on restored versus natural wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70024806","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparative assessment of genetic diversity among differently-aged populations of Spartina alterniflora on restored versus natural wetlands","docAbstract":"We collected naturally recolonizing Spartina alterniflora (smooth cord grass) from each of three restored sites and one undisturbed reference site in southwestern Louisiana to assess the impact of wetland restoration on genetic diversity. We used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to produce 94 polymorphic genetic markers, which were used to characterize genetic diversity as average heterozygosity <H> and the proportion of polymorphic loci <P>. Overall our findings indicate that restored populations of S. alterniflora maintain levels of genetic diversity comparable to natural populations, which should provide some measure of resistance against environmental disturbances. Diversity estimates were lowest for the natural reference site (<H> = 0.1059; <P> = 0.2763), whereas estimates for the three restored sites ranged from <H> = 0.1148 to 0.1256 and <P> = 0.3114 to 0.3202. All sites maintained sufficiently high diversity levels to suggest significant rates of outcrossing. Overall, genetic differentiation among populations was small (Weir and Cockerham's ?? = 0.0645), with the values from each pairwise comparison among the populations increasing with the geographic distance between sites (range = 0.0490-0.1101). These values indicate an average migration rate of 3.6 migrants, either pollen or seeds, per generation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.10104.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"Travis, S., Proffitt, C., Lowenfeld, R., and Mitchell, T., 2002, A comparative assessment of genetic diversity among differently-aged populations of Spartina alterniflora on restored versus natural wetlands: Restoration Ecology, v. 10, no. 1, p. 37-42, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.10104.x.","startPage":"37","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207650,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.10104.x"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e350e4b0c8380cd45f6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Travis, S.E. 0000-0001-9338-8953","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9338-8953","contributorId":28718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travis","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Proffitt, C.E. 0000-0002-0845-8441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-8441","contributorId":47339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenfeld, R.C.","contributorId":9811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenfeld","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, T.W.","contributorId":96049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024891,"text":"70024891 - 2002 - The impact of buffer strips and stream-side grazing on small mammals in southwestern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024891","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of buffer strips and stream-side grazing on small mammals in southwestern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The practice of continuously grazing cattle along streams has caused extensive degradation of riparian habitats. Buffer strips and managed intensive rotational grazing (MIRG) have been proposed to protect and restore stream ecosystems in Wisconsin. However, the ecological implications of a switch from traditional livestock management to MIRG or buffer strip establishment have not been investigated. Differences in small mammal communities associated with riparian areas on continuously grazed and MIRG pastures, as well as vegetative buffer strips adjacent to row crops, were investigated in southwestern Wisconsin during May-September 1997 and 1998. More species (mean of 6-7) were found on the buffer sites than on the pasture sites (mean of 2-5). Total small mammal abundance on buffer sites was greater than on the pastures as well: there were 3-5 times as many animals on the buffer sites compared to the pasture sites, depending on year. There were no differences in species richness or total abundance between MIRG and continuously grazed pastures in either year. Total small mammal abundance was greater near the stream than away from the stream, regardless of farm management practice but there were no differences in species richness. Buffer strips appear to support a particularly rich and abundant small mammal community. Although results did not detect a difference in small mammal use between pasture types, farm-wide implications of a conversion from continuous to MIRG styles of grazing may benefit small mammals indirectly by causing an increase in the prevalence of pasture in the agricultural landscape.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00154-2","issn":"01678809","usgsCitation":"Chapman, E.W., and Ribic, C., 2002, The impact of buffer strips and stream-side grazing on small mammals in southwestern Wisconsin: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 88, no. 1, p. 49-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00154-2.","startPage":"49","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207861,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00154-2"},{"id":233110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bace1e4b08c986b3237ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Erik W.","contributorId":76099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024399,"text":"70024399 - 2002 - Magnetic fields over active tectonic zones in ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T12:17:54","indexId":"70024399","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic fields over active tectonic zones in ocean","docAbstract":"The aim of our work is to estimate the electromagnetic effects that can be detected in the submarine zones with hydrothermal activity. It is known that meso-scale flows appear in the regions over underwater volcanoes or hot rocks. Their origin is connected with heat flux and hot jets released from underwater volcanoes or faults in a sea bottom. Values of mean velocities and turbulent velocities in plumes were estimated. Quasiconstant magnetic fields induced by a hot jet and a vortex over a plume top are about 1-40 nT. Variable magnetic fields are about 0.1-1 nT. These magnetic disturbances in the sea medium create an additional natural electromagnetic background that must be considered when making detailed magnetic surveys. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0264-3707(02)00012-1","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Kopytenko, Y.A., Serebrianaya, P., Nikitina, L., and Green, A., 2002, Magnetic fields over active tectonic zones in ocean: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 33, no. 4-5, p. 489-496, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-3707(02)00012-1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"496","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":207248,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-3707(02)00012-1"},{"id":232039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b6de4b0c8380cd69533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kopytenko, Yu. A.","contributorId":98595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopytenko","given":"Yu.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Serebrianaya, P.M.","contributorId":73467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serebrianaya","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nikitina, L.V.","contributorId":91741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nikitina","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, A.W.","contributorId":34863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"A.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025034,"text":"70025034 - 2002 - Distribution and movement of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in the Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T15:48:32.545333","indexId":"70025034","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Distribution and movement of shortnose sturgeon (<i>Acipenser brevirostrum</i>) in the Chesapeake Bay","title":"Distribution and movement of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in the Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"<p>During a reward program for Atlantic sturgeon (<i>Acipenser oxyrinchus</i>), 40 federally endangered shortnose sturgeon (<i>Acipenser brevirostrum</i>) were captured and reported by commercial fishers between January 1996 and January 2000 from the Chesapeake Bay. Since this is more than double the number of published records of shortnose sturgeon in the Chesapeake Bay between 1876 and 1995, little information has been available on distributions and movement. We used fishery dependent data collected during the reward program to determine the distribution of shortnose sturgeon in the Chesapeake Bay. Sonically-tagged shortnose sturgeon in the Chesapeake Bay and Delaware River were tracked to determine if individuals swim through the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Shortnose sturgeon were primarily distributed within the upper Chesapeake Bay. The movements of one individual, tagged within the Chesapeake Bay and later relocated in the canal and Delaware River, indicated that individuals traverse the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02696053","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., Mangold, M., Skjeveland, J., and Spells, A., 2002, Distribution and movement of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in the Chesapeake Bay: Estuaries, v. 25, no. 1, p. 101-104, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02696053.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"104","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.44287109375,\n              39.32579941789298\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.607666015625,\n              38.91668153637508\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9921875,\n              38.37611542403604\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.519775390625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.39892578125,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1572265625,\n              36.8708321556463\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.992431640625,\n              37.07271048132943\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.706787109375,\n              37.92686760148135\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.772705078125,\n              39.58875727696545\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.201171875,\n              39.487084981687495\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.44287109375,\n              39.32579941789298\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0298e4b0c8380cd50102","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, S.A. 0000-0003-0362-054X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":10191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangold, M.F.","contributorId":61600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangold","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skjeveland, J.E.","contributorId":80224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skjeveland","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spells, A.J.","contributorId":52365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spells","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024583,"text":"70024583 - 2002 - Prediction of the fate of p,p'-DDE in sediment on the Palos Verdes shelf, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T14:25:50","indexId":"70024583","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of the fate of p,p'-DDE in sediment on the Palos Verdes shelf, California, USA","docAbstract":"Long-term (60-yr) predictions of vertical profiles of p,p???-DDE concentrations in contaminated bottom sediments on the Palos Verdes shelf were calculated for three locations along the 60-m isobath using a numerical solution of the one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation. The calculations incorporated the following processes: sediment deposition (or erosion), depth-dependent solid-phase biodiffusive mixing, in situ diagenetic transformation, and loss of p,p???-DDE across the sediment-water interface by two mechanisms (resuspension of sediments by wave action and subsequent loss of p,p???-DDE to the water column by desorption, and desorption from sediments to porewater and subsequent molecular diffusion to the water column). A combination of field measurements, laboratory analyses, and calculations with supporting models was used to set parameters for the model. The model explains significant features observed in measurements made every 2 years from 1981 to 1997 by the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles (LACSD). Analyses of available data suggest that two sites northwest of the Whites Point sewage outfalls will remain depositional, even as particulate supply from the sewage-treatment plant and nearby Portuguese Bend Landslide decreases. At these sites, model predictions for 1991-2050 indicate that most of the existing inventory of p,p???-DDE will remain buried and that surface concentrations will gradually decrease. Analyses of data southeast of the outfalls suggest that erosion is likely to occur somewhere on the southeast edge of the existing effluent-affected deposit, and model predictions for such a site showed that erosion and biodiffusion will reintroduce the p,p???-DDE to the upper layer of sediments, with subsequent increases in surface concentrations and loss to the overlying water column.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00118-2","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., Drake, D., Wiberg, P., and Wheatcroft, R.A., 2002, Prediction of the fate of p,p'-DDE in sediment on the Palos Verdes shelf, California, USA: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 6-7, p. 1025-1058, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00118-2.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1058","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.46557617187499,\n              33.764307046898494\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.48205566406251,\n              33.696922692957685\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.46694946289064,\n              33.66149615643826\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.45321655273438,\n              33.637489243170826\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.40927124023438,\n              33.62948545097293\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.38043212890625,\n              33.592887216626245\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.30764770507811,\n              33.57687060377715\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.28842163085938,\n              33.62605502663528\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.25546264648438,\n              33.65349459599047\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.28567504882812,\n              33.6912097228257\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.32000732421875,\n              33.70263528325575\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.36257934570312,\n              33.716343950060214\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.42437744140625,\n              33.714059324224124\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.46557617187499,\n              33.764307046898494\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81f6e4b0c8380cd7b81a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiberg, P.L.","contributorId":33827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiberg","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wheatcroft, R. A.","contributorId":76503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheatcroft","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025033,"text":"70025033 - 2002 - Radiocarbon dating, chronologic framework, and changes in accumulation rates of holocene estuarine sediments from Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T10:31:43","indexId":"70025033","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiocarbon dating, chronologic framework, and changes in accumulation rates of holocene estuarine sediments from Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"Rapidly accumulating Holocene sediments in estuaries commonly are difficult to sample and date. In Chesapeake Bay, we obtained sediment cores as much as 20 m in length and used numerous radiocarbon ages measured by accelarator mass spectrometry methods to provide the first detailed chronologies of Holocene sediment accumulation in the bay. Carbon in these sediments is a complex mixture of materials from a variety of sources. Analyses of different components of the sediments show that total organic carbon ages are largely unreliable, because much of the carbon (including coal) has been transported to the bay from upstream sources and is older than sediments in which it was deposited. Mollusk shells (clams, oysters) and foraminifera appear to give reliable results, although reworking and burrowing are potential problems. Analyses of museum specimens collected alive before atmospheric nuclear testing suggest that the standard reservoir correction for marine samples is appropriate for middle to lower Chesapeake Bay. The biogenic carbonate radiocarbon ages are compatible with 210 Pb and 137 Cs data and pollen stratigraphy from the same sites. Post-settlement changes in sediment transport and accumulation is an important environmental issue in many estuaries, including the Chesapeake. Our data show that large variations in sediment mass accumulation rates occur among sites. At shallow water sites, local factors seem to control changes in accumulation rates with time. Our two relatively deep-water sites in the axial channel of the bay have different long-term average accumulation rates, but the history of sediment accumulation at these sites appears to reflect overall conditions in the bay. Mass accumulation rates at the two deep-water sites rapidly increased by about fourfold coincident with widespread land clearance for agriculture in the Chesapeake watershed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.2001.2285","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Baucom, P., Bratton, J., Cronin, T.M., McGeehin, J., Willard, D., Zimmerman, A., and Vogt, P., 2002, Radiocarbon dating, chronologic framework, and changes in accumulation rates of holocene estuarine sediments from Chesapeake Bay: Quaternary Research, v. 57, no. 1, p. 58-79, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2285.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2285"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93e2e4b0c8380cd810aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baucom, P.C.","contributorId":77978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baucom","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bratton, J.F.","contributorId":94354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Willard, D. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":67676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zimmerman, A.R.","contributorId":71732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vogt, P.R.","contributorId":38312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70024403,"text":"70024403 - 2002 - Helping at a Henslow's Sparrow nest in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T16:02:02.036835","indexId":"70024403","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Helping at a Henslow's Sparrow nest in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>We document the first reported observation of helping at the nest of a Henslow's Sparrow (<i>Ammodramus henslowii</i>). Video surveillance recorded two unbanded adults (a presumed male and female) and one banded adult male feeding chicks. No intraspecific aggression among the adults was observed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0407:HAAHSS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Guzy, M.J., Ribic, C.A., and Sample, D.W., 2002, Helping at a Henslow's Sparrow nest in Wisconsin: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 114, no. 3, p. 407-409, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0407:HAAHSS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"409","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.74,\n              42.88\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.73,\n              42.88\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.73,\n              42.88747357625787\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.74,\n              42.88747357625787\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.74,\n              42.88\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a304ce4b0c8380cd5d50e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guzy, Michael J.","contributorId":34689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, Christine A. caribic@usgs.gov","contributorId":831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sample, David W.","contributorId":19484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sample","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024411,"text":"70024411 - 2002 - Life history attributes of fishes along the latitudinal gradient of the Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024411","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history attributes of fishes along the latitudinal gradient of the Missouri River","docAbstract":"Populations of two short-lived species (emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides and sicklefin chub Macrhybopsis meeki) and three long-lived species (freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens, river carpsucker Carpiodes carpio, and sauger Stizostedion canadense) were studied in the Missouri River to examine spatial variations in life history characteristics across a latitudinal and thermal gradient (38??47???N to 48??03???N). The life history characteristics included longevity (maximum age), the rate at which asymptotic length was approached (K from the von Bertalanffy growth equation), the mean back-calculated length at age, and growth rates during the first year of life (mm/degree-day and mm/d). The mean water temperature and number of days in the growing season averaged 1.3 times greater in the southern than in the northern latitudes, while degree-days averaged twice as great. The longevity of all species except freshwater drum increased significantly from south to north, but the relationships between maximum age and latitude were curvilinear for short-lived species and linear for long-lived species. The von Bertalanffy growth coefficient for river carpsuckers and saugers increased from north to south, as indicated by significant negative relationships between K and latitude. Mean back-calculated length at age was negatively related to latitude for freshwater drums (???age 4) and saugers (ages 1-5) but positively related to latitude for river carpsuckers (???age 6). One of the growth rates examined (mm/degree-day) increased significantly from low to high latitudes for emerald shiners, sicklefin chubs, freshwater drums, and river carpsuckers during the first growing season. The other growth rate (mm/d) increased significantly from low to high latitudes for emerald shiners but was inversely related to latitude for saugers. These results suggest that the thermal regime related to latitude influences the life history characteristics of fishes in the Missouri River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0931:LHAOFA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Braaten, P., and Guy, C., 2002, Life history attributes of fishes along the latitudinal gradient of the Missouri River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 5, p. 931-945, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0931:LHAOFA>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"931","endPage":"945","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207252,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0931:LHAOFA>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"131","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a475be4b0c8380cd67837","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braaten, P.J.","contributorId":98857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braaten","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187770,"text":"70187770 - 2002 - Life and death of the Resurrection Plate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-17T12:09:17","indexId":"70187770","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5392,"text":"Newsletter of the Alaska Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life and death of the Resurrection Plate","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Bradley, D.C., Wells, R., and Miller, M.L., 2002, Life and death of the Resurrection Plate: Newsletter of the Alaska Geological Society, v. 31, p. 1-1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"1","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593e3c9ae4b0764e6c61b834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, D. C.","contributorId":17634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025017,"text":"70025017 - 2002 - Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-09T11:13:22.901459","indexId":"70025017","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities","docAbstract":"NASA developed the Earth Observing System (EOS) during the 1990'S. At the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), located at the USGS EROS Data Center, the EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is required to support heritage missions as well as Landsat 7, Terra, and Aqua. The original system concept of the early 1990'S changed as each community had its say - first the managers, then engineers, scientists, developers, operators, and then finally the general public. The systems at the LP DAAC - particularly the largest single system, the EOSDIS Core System (ECS) - are changing as experience accumulates, technology changes, and each user group gains influence. The LP DAAC has adapted as contingencies were planned for, requirements and therefore plans were modified, and expectations changed faster than requirements could hope to be satisfied. Although not responsible for Quality Assurance of the science data, the LP DAAC works to ensure the data are accessible and useable by influencing systems, capabilities, and data formats where possible, and providing tools and user support as necessary. While supporting multiple missions and instruments, the LP DAAC also works with and learns from multiple management and oversight groups as they review mission requirements, system capabilities, and the overall operation of the LP DAAC. Stakeholders, including the Land Science community, are consulted regularly to ensure that the LP DAAC remains cognizant and responsive to the evolving needs of the user community. Today, the systems do not look or function as originally planned, but they do work, and they allow customers to search and order of an impressive amount of diverse data.","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems VII","conferenceDate":"July 7-10, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.451678","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Kalvelage, T.A., 2002, Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities, Earth Observing Systems VII, v. 4814, Seattle, WA, July 7-10, 2002, p. 380-391, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451678.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4814","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e75e4b0c8380cd75662","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnes W.L.","contributorId":128354,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Barnes W.L.","id":536544,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kalvelage, T. A.","contributorId":74548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalvelage","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70187589,"text":"70187589 - 2002 - Forage quantity and quality","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70187589,"text":"70187589 - 2002 - Forage quantity and quality","indexId":"70187589","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"5","title":"Forage quantity and quality"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:01:23","indexId":"70187589","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"5","title":"Forage quantity and quality","docAbstract":"<p>The Porcupine caribou herd has traditionally used the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, for calving. Availability of nutritious forage has been hypothesized as one of the reasons the Porcupine caribou herd migrates hundreds of kilometers to reach the coastal plain for calving (Kuropat and Bryant 1980, Russell et al. 1993).</p><p>Forage quantity and quality and the chronology of snowmelt (which determines availability and phenological stages of forage) have been suggested as important habitat attributes that lead calving caribou to select one area over another (Lent 1980, White and Trudell 1980, Eastland et al. 1989). A major question when considering the impact of petroleum development is whether potential displacement of the caribou from the 1002 Area to alternate calving habitat will limit access to high quantity and quality forage.</p><p>Our study had the following objectives: 1) quantify snowmelt patterns by area; 2) quantify relationships among phenology, biomass, and nutrient content of principal forage species by vegetation type; and 3) determine if traditional concentrated calving areas differ from adjacent areas with lower calving densities in terms of vegetation characteristics.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Jorgenson, J.C., Udevitz, M.S., and Felix, N.A., 2002, Forage quantity and quality: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"50","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53be4b0e541a03d4539","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694660,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694661,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. B.","contributorId":73156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhode","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694662,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Jorgenson, Janet C.","contributorId":191903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Felix, Nancy A.","contributorId":191904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Felix","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024818,"text":"70024818 - 2002 - Ancient and modern subduction zone contributions to the mantle sources of lavas from the Lassen region of California inferred from Lu-Hf isotopic systematics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T15:36:48.589429","indexId":"70024818","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient and modern subduction zone contributions to the mantle sources of lavas from the Lassen region of California inferred from Lu-Hf isotopic systematics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hafnium isotopic compositions have been determined on a suite of calc-alkaline and high-alumina-olivine tholeiitic lavas from the Lassen region of California and are used, in conjunction with previously published mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic data, to constrain their petrogenesis. Positive correlation between ε</span><sub><i>Hf</i></sub><span>&nbsp;values and geochemical indices of the modern subduction component indicates that the isotopic compositions of the calc-alkaline lavas record addition of radiogenic Hf from the subducted slab. However, the addition of the modern subduction component increases the ε</span><sub><i>Hf</i></sub><span>&nbsp;values of most calc-alkaline lavas by &lt;0·5 units over estimates of non-subduction enriched peridotites of the mantle wedge. The Lu–Hf isotopic systematics of the Lassen lavas suggest that the calc-alkaline magmas have equilibrated with garnet at some point in their history, whereas the tholeiitic magmas have not. These observations require the two lava types to be derived from different sources. The isotopic variability of the Lassen lavas cannot be produced by mixing mantle sources inferred to be present in the eastern–central Pacific and western USA with a modern subduction component. Instead, the isotopic variability is consistent with mixing of a depleted mantle source, a more fertile mantle source enriched by an ancient subduction component, and a modern subduction component.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/43.4.705","usgsCitation":"Borg, L.E., Blichert-Toft, J., and Clynne, M.A., 2002, Ancient and modern subduction zone contributions to the mantle sources of lavas from the Lassen region of California inferred from Lu-Hf isotopic systematics: Journal of Petrology, v. 43, no. 4, p. 705-723, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/43.4.705.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"723","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/43.4.705","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.0086669921875,\n              39.791654835253425\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.574951171875,\n              39.791654835253425\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.574951171875,\n              41.000629848685385\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0086669921875,\n              41.000629848685385\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0086669921875,\n              39.791654835253425\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf4e4b0c8380cd48fbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borg, L. 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