{"pageNumber":"3029","pageRowStart":"75700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184743,"records":[{"id":70024610,"text":"70024610 - 2002 - A comparison of factors controlling sedimentation rates and wetland loss in fluvial-deltaic systems, Texas Gulf coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024610","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of factors controlling sedimentation rates and wetland loss in fluvial-deltaic systems, Texas Gulf coast","docAbstract":"Submergence of coastal marshes in areas where rates of relative sea-level rise exceed rates of marsh sedimentation, or vertical accretion, is a global problem that requires detailed examination of the principal processes that establish, maintain, and degrade these biologically productive environments. Using a simple 210Pb-dating model, we measured sedimentation rates in cores from the Trinity, Lavaca-Navidad, and Nueces bayhead fluvial-deltaic systems in Texas where more than 2000 ha of wetlands have been lost since the 1950s. Long-term average rates of fluvial-deltaic aggradation decrease southwestward from 0.514 ?? 0.008 cm year -1 in the Trinity, 0.328 ?? 0.022 cm year -1 in the Lavaca-Navidad, to 0.262 ?? 0.034 cm year -1 in the Nucces. The relative magnitudes of sedimentation and wetland loss correlate with several parameters that define the differing fluvial-deltaic settings, including size of coastal drainage basin, average annual rainfall, suspended sediment load, thickness of Holocene mud in the valley fill, and rates of relative sea-level rise. There is some evidence that upstream reservoirs have reduced wetland sedimentation rates, which are now about one-half the local rates of relative sea-level rise. The extant conditions indicate that fluvial-deltaic marshes in these valleys will continue to be lost as a result of submergence and erosion. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00140-4","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"White, W., Morton, R., and Holmes, C.W., 2002, A comparison of factors controlling sedimentation rates and wetland loss in fluvial-deltaic systems, Texas Gulf coast: Geomorphology, v. 44, no. 1-2, p. 47-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00140-4.","startPage":"47","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00140-4"},{"id":233165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e35ae4b0c8380cd45fb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, W.A.","contributorId":24489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, R.A.","contributorId":53849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":95310,"text":"95310 - 2002 - The genera flavobacterium and flexibacter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"95310","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The genera flavobacterium and flexibacter","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Diagnosis of Salmonid Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","collaboration":"02-024/FH","usgsCitation":"Bader, J., and Starliper, C.E., 2002, The genera flavobacterium and flexibacter, chap. <i>of</i> Molecular Diagnosis of Salmonid Diseases, p. 99-139.","productDescription":"p. 99-139","startPage":"99","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4891","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cunningham, C.O.","contributorId":113076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505518,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Bader, J.A.","contributorId":18704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bader","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starliper, C. E.","contributorId":59739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starliper","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81590,"text":"81590 - 2002 - Alien annual plants and their relationships to fire and biotic change in Sonoran Desertscrub","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T19:23:38.904234","indexId":"81590","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Alien annual plants and their relationships to fire and biotic change in Sonoran Desertscrub","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasive exotic species in the Sonoran region","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum; The University of Arizona Press","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., and Schwalbe, C., 2002, Alien annual plants and their relationships to fire and biotic change in Sonoran Desertscrub, chap. 10 <i>of</i> Invasive exotic species in the Sonoran region.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688091","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Tellman, B.","contributorId":112649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tellman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504345,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024665,"text":"70024665 - 2002 - Physical and stable-isotope evidence for formation of secondary calcite and silica in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024665","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical and stable-isotope evidence for formation of secondary calcite and silica in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Calcite and silica form coatings on fracture footwalls and cavity floors in the welded tuffs at Yucca Mountain, the potential site of a high-level radioactive waste repository. These secondary mineral deposits are heterogeneously distributed in the unsaturated zone (UZ) with fewer than 10% of possible depositional sites mineralized. The paragenetic sequence, compiled from deposits throughout the UZ, consists of an early-stage assemblage of calcite??fluorite??zeolites that is frequently capped by chalcedony??quartz. Intermediate- and late-stage deposits consist largely of calcite, commonly with opal on buried growth layers or outermost crystal faces of the calcite. Coatings on steep-dipping fractures usually are thin (??? 3 mm) with low-relief outer surfaces whereas shallow-dipping fractures and lithophysal cavities typically contain thicker, more coarsely crystalline deposits characterized by unusual thin, tabular calcite blades up to several cms in length. These blades may be capped with knobby or corniced overgrowths of late-stage calcite intergrown with opal. The observed textures in the fracture and cavity deposits are consistent with deposition from films of water fingering down fracture footwalls or drawn up faces of growing crystals by surface tension and evaporated at the crystal tips. Fluid inclusion studies have shown that most early-stage and some intermediate-stage calcite formed at temperatures of 35 to 85??C. Calcite deposition during the past several million years appears to have been at temperatures < 30??C. The elevated temperatures indicated by the fluid inclusions are consistent with temperatures estimated from calcite ??18O values. Although others have interpreted the elevated temperatures as evidence of hydrothermal activity and flooding of the tuffs of the potential repository, the authors conclude that the temperatures and fluid-inclusion assemblages are consistent with deposition in a UZ environment that experienced prolonged heat input from gradual cooling of nearby plutons. The physical restriction of the deposits (and, therefore, fluid flow) to fracture footwalls and cavity floors and the heterogeneous and limited distribution of the deposits provides compelling evidence that they do not reflect flooding of the thick UZ at Yucca Mountain. The textures and isotopic and chemical compositions of these mineral deposits are consistent with deposition in a UZ setting from meteoric waters percolating downward along fracture flow paths.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00036-7","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Whelan, J.F., Paces, J., and Peterman, Z.E., 2002, Physical and stable-isotope evidence for formation of secondary calcite and silica in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 6, p. 735-750, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00036-7.","startPage":"735","endPage":"750","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207763,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00036-7"},{"id":232954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a8fe4b0c8380cd78f8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81589,"text":"81589 - 2002 - Fire ecology of the Sonoran desert tortoise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T19:29:10.276531","indexId":"81589","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Fire ecology of the Sonoran desert tortoise","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Sonoran desert tortoise: Natural history, biology, and conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum; The University of Arizona Press","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvfjcx1x.16","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., Burquez Montijo, A., Schwalbe, C.R., Van Devender, T.R., Anning, P.J., and Nijhuis, M.J., 2002, Fire ecology of the Sonoran desert tortoise, chap. 13 <i>of</i> The Sonoran desert tortoise: Natural history, biology, and conservation, p. 312-333, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvfjcx1x.16.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"312","endPage":"333","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef588","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Van Devender, T.R.","contributorId":111404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Devender","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504344,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burquez Montijo, Alberto","contributorId":104847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burquez Montijo","given":"Alberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwalbe, Cecil R. cschwalbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":3077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"Cecil","email":"cschwalbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Devender, Thomas R.","contributorId":84301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Devender","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anning, Pamela J.","contributorId":50846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nijhuis, Michelle J.","contributorId":103211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nijhuis","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":87369,"text":"87369 - 2002 - Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T15:26:32","indexId":"87369","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"displayTitle":"Desert Tortoise (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>)","title":"Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)","docAbstract":"<div>The desert tortoise is widely distributed throughout major portions of the Mojave and Sonoran deserts of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Sonora, and Sinaloa. Genetic, morphological, ecological, and behavioral features suggest an evolutionary divergence between the tortoises found south and east of the Colorado River (“Sonoran population”), and those found north and west of the river (“Mojave population;” Lamb et al. 1989). The latter is the population Federally and State-listed as threatened. This population will be referred to in the remainder of this account. The majority of animals in the Mojave population occur at variable densities in six distinct population segments (i.e., evolutionarily significant units), each identified in the Recovery Plan for desert tortoises as separate Recovery Units (USFWS 1994).</div>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The sensitive plant and animal species of the Western Mojave Desert","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","usgsCitation":"Boarman, W., 2002, Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), United States.","productDescription":"United States","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4b33","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boarman, William I.","contributorId":75462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"William I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505105,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beaman, K.","contributorId":112504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaman","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505106,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Boarman, William I.","contributorId":75462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"William I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024752,"text":"70024752 - 2002 - Atrazine and metolachlor occurrence in shallow ground water of the United States, 1993 to 1995: Relations to explanatory factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T14:40:06","indexId":"70024752","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atrazine and metolachlor occurrence in shallow ground water of the United States, 1993 to 1995: Relations to explanatory factors","docAbstract":"<p>Since 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey has been conducting the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to determine the quality of the Nation's water resources. In an effort to obtain a better understanding of why pesticides are found in shallow ground water on a national scale, a set of factors likely to affect the fate and transport of two herbicides in the subsurface were examined. Atrazine and metolachlor were selected for this discussion because they were among the most frequently detected pesticides in ground water during the first phase of the NAWQA Program (1993 to 1995), and each was the most frequently detected compound in its chemical class (triazines and acetanilides, respectively). The factors that most strongly correlated with the frequencies of atrazine detection in shallow ground-water networks were those that provided either: (1) an indication of the potential susceptibility of ground water to atrazine contamination, or (2) an indication of relative ground-water age. The factors most closely related to the frequencies of metolachlor detection in ground water, however, were those that estimated or indicated the intensity of the agricultural use of metolachlor. This difference is probably the result of detailed use estimates for these compounds being available only for agricultural settings. While atrazine use is relatively extensive in nonagricultural settings, in addition to its widespread agricultural use, metolachlor is used almost exclusively for agricultural purposes. As a result, estimates of agricultural applications provide a less reliable indication of total chemical use for atrazine than for metolachlor. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the factors of interest explained about 50 percent of the variance in atrazine and metolachlor detection frequencies among the NAWQA land-use studies examined. The inclusion of other factors related to pesticide fate and transport in ground water, or improvements in the quality and accuracy of the data employed for the factors examined, may help explain more of the remaining variance in the frequencies of atrazine and metolachlor detection.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01553.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Barbash, J., and Gilliom, R.J., 2002, Atrazine and metolachlor occurrence in shallow ground water of the United States, 1993 to 1995: Relations to explanatory factors: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 38, no. 1, p. 301-311, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01553.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"311","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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          [\n              -90,\n              46.619261036171515\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.703125,\n              46.619261036171515\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.845703125,\n              46.619261036171515\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.791015625,\n              47.45780853075031\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.20898437499999,\n              47.98992166741417\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.791015625,\n              48.28319289548349\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.58203125,\n              48.22467264956519\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.07617187499999,\n              48.63290858589532\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.482421875,\n              48.69096039092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.74609375,\n              49.61070993807422\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.2734375,\n              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J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024782,"text":"70024782 - 2002 - An evaluation of biomarkers of reproductive function and potential contaminant effects in Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) sampled from the St. Johns River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024782","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of biomarkers of reproductive function and potential contaminant effects in Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) sampled from the St. Johns River","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to describe and compare several reproductive parameters for Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) inhabiting the St. Johns River and exposed to different types and/or degrees of contamination. Welaka was selected as the reference site in this study because of its low urban and agricultural development, Palatka is in close proximity to a paper mill plant, the Green Cove site is influenced by marine shipping activities and Julington Creek site receives discharges of domestic wastewater and storm water runoff from recreational boating marinas. For this study, bass were sampled both prior to (September 1996) and during the spawning season (February 1997). In order to characterize chemical exposure, bass livers were analyzed for up to 90 trace organics and 11 trace metal contaminants. Reproductive parameters measured included gonadosomatic index (GSI), histological evaluation of gonads and plasma concentrations of vitellogenin (VTG), 17??-estradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT). In general, the sum of organic chemicals was highest in livers from Palatka bass and bass from Green Cove and Julington Creek had higher hepatic concentrations of low molecular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls when compared to fish from Welaka. Metals were more variable across sites, with highest mean concentrations found in bass from either Julington Creek (Ag, As, Cr, Cu, Zn) or Welaka (Cd, Hg, Pb, Se, Tn). Female bass from Palatka and Green Cove had lower concentrations of E2, VTG and lower GSI in relation to Welaka. Males from Palatka and Green Cove showed comparable declines in 11-KT in relation to males from Julington Creek and GSI were decreased only in Palatka males. These results indicate a geographical trend in reproductive effects, with changes being most pronounced at the site closest to the paper mill (Palatka) and decreasing as the St. Johns River flows downstream. Since reproductive alterations were most evident in bass sampled from the site closest to the paper mill discharge, it is possible that exposure to these effluents might explain at least some of the results reported here. However, the presence of reproductive alterations in fish sampled at a considerable distance from the mill discharge (Green Cove, 40 km) would suggest exposure to chemicals released from sources other than the paper mill plant. It is clear that additional studies are needed to evaluate the potential impact of these reproductive changes in populations of Florida largemouth bass inhabiting the St. Johns River. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01029-4","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, M.S., Johnson, W., Higman, J.C., Denslow, N., Schoeb, T., and Gross, T., 2002, An evaluation of biomarkers of reproductive function and potential contaminant effects in Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) sampled from the St. Johns River: Science of the Total Environment, v. 289, no. 1-3, p. 133-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01029-4.","startPage":"133","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207809,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01029-4"},{"id":233033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"289","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea48e4b0c8380cd4875c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, M. S.","contributorId":99918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W.E.","contributorId":33276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higman, J. C.","contributorId":65044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schoeb, T. R.","contributorId":73550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoeb","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024767,"text":"70024767 - 2002 - An assessment of support vector machines for land cover classification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T16:09:18","indexId":"70024767","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of support vector machines for land cover classification","docAbstract":"The support vector machine (SVM) is a group of theoretically superior machine learning algorithms. It was found competitive with the best available machine learning algorithms in classifying high-dimensional data sets. This paper gives an introduction to the theoretical development of the SVM and an experimental evaluation of its accuracy, stability and training speed in deriving land cover classifications from satellite images. The SVM was compared to three other popular classifiers, including the maximum likelihood classifier (MLC), neural network classifiers (NNC) and decision tree classifiers (DTC). The impacts of kernel configuration on the performance of the SVM and of the selection of training data and input variables on the four classifiers were also evaluated in this experiment.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160110040323","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Huang, C., Davis, L., and Townshend, J., 2002, An assessment of support vector machines for land cover classification: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 23, no. 4, p. 725-749, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160110040323.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"749","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207649,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160110040323"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea16e4b0c8380cd48614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, C.","contributorId":65255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, L.S.","contributorId":86932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townshend, J.R.G.","contributorId":15321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"J.R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024602,"text":"70024602 - 2002 - Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024602","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements","docAbstract":"Recent field tests illustrate the accuracy and consistency of calculating near-surface shear (S)-wave velocities using multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). S-wave velocity profiles (S-wave velocity vs. depth) derived from MASW compared favorably to direct borehole measurements at sites in Kansas, British Columbia, and Wyoming. Effects of changing the total number of recording channels, sampling interval, source offset, and receiver spacing on the inverted S-wave velocity were studied at a test site in Lawrence, Kansas. On the average, the difference between MASW calculated Vs and borehole measured Vs in eight wells along the Fraser River in Vancouver, Canada was less than 15%. One of the eight wells was a blind test well with the calculated overall difference between MASW and borehole measurements less than 9%. No systematic differences were observed in derived Vs values from any of the eight test sites. Surface wave analysis performed on surface data from Wyoming provided S-wave velocities in near-surface materials. Velocity profiles from MASW were confirmed by measurements based on suspension log analysis. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Miller, R., Park, C., Hunter, J., Harris, J.B., and Ivanov, J., 2002, Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 22, no. 3, p. 181-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8.","startPage":"181","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207780,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8"},{"id":232983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f839e4b0c8380cd4cf5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Park, C.B.","contributorId":21714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, J. A.","contributorId":94067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harris, J. B.","contributorId":80441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024611,"text":"70024611 - 2002 - Lunar prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:50:53.505412","indexId":"70024611","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lunar prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>Initial studies of neutron spectrometer data returned by Lunar Prospector concentrated on the discovery of enhanced hydrogen abundances near both lunar poles. However, the nonpolar data exhibit intriguing patterns that appear spatially correlated with surface features such as young impact craters (e.g., Tycho). Such immature crater materials may have low hydrogen contents because of their relative lack of exposure to solar wind-implanted volatiles. We tested this hypothesis by comparing epithermal* neutron counts (i.e., epithermal −0.057 × thermal neutrons) for Copernican-age craters classified as relatively young, intermediate, and old (as determined by previous studies of Clementine optical maturity variations). The epithermal* counts of the crater and continuous ejecta regions suggest that the youngest impact materials are relatively devoid of hydrogen in the upper 1 m of regolith. We also show that the mean hydrogen contents measured in Apollo and Luna landing site samples are only moderately well correlated to the epithermal* neutron counts at the landing sites, likely owing to the effects of rare earth elements. These results suggest that further work is required to define better how hydrogen distribution can be revealed by epithermal neutrons in order to understand more fully the nature and sources (e.g., solar wind, meteorite impacts) of volatiles in the lunar regolith.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001430","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Feldman, W.C., Lawrence, D.J., Maurice, S., Swindle, T.D., and Lucey, P.G., 2002, Lunar prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 107, no. E2, p. 3-1-3-8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001430.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3-1","endPage":"3-8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"107","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a95e4b0c8380cd68e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feldman, W. C.","contributorId":40767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feldman","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, D. J.","contributorId":84952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maurice, S.","contributorId":18144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurice","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swindle, T. D.","contributorId":68042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swindle","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lucey, P. G.","contributorId":72532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucey","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024796,"text":"70024796 - 2002 - Maturation and fecundity of a stock-enhanced population of striped bass in the Savannah River Estuary, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024796","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maturation and fecundity of a stock-enhanced population of striped bass in the Savannah River Estuary, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The striped bass Morone saxatilis population in the Savannah River (south-eastern U.S.A.) collapsed in the 1980s, and recent efforts to restore the population have resulted in increased catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of striped bass in the Savannah River Estuary (SRE). The abundance of eggs and larvae, however, remain well below historic levels. The primary cause of the population decline was remedied, and environmental conditions seem suitable for striped bass spawning. Regression analysis of data derived from ultrasonic imaging of 31 striped bass resulted in a statistical model that predicted ovary volume well (r2=0.95). The enumeration of oocytes from ovarian tissue samples and the prediction of ovary volume allowed fecundity to be estimated without sacrificing the fish. Oocyte maturation in Savannah River striped bass seemed to progress normally, with oocytes developing to final stages of maturity in larger fish (>750 mm LT). Additionally, fecundity estimates were comparable to a neighbouring striped bass population. The environmental cues needed to trigger development and release of striped bass oocytes into the SRE appeared to be present. If most of the striped bass females in the SRE are still young (<7 years), the ability to produce large numbers of eggs will be limited. As these young fish mature, egg production probably will increase and the density of striped bass eggs eventually will approach historic levels, provided suitable habitat and water quality are maintained. ?? 2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jfbi.2002.1870","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Will, T., Reinert, T., and Jennings, C., 2002, Maturation and fecundity of a stock-enhanced population of striped bass in the Savannah River Estuary, U.S.A.: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 60, no. 3, p. 532-544, https://doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.2002.1870.","startPage":"532","endPage":"544","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207936,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.2002.1870"},{"id":233247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5293e4b0c8380cd6c508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Will, T.A.","contributorId":44326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Will","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinert, T.R.","contributorId":28043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinert","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A.","contributorId":38504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024789,"text":"70024789 - 2002 - The 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake: A test of the stress shadow hypothesis?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-24T15:23:12.08291","indexId":"70024789","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake: A test of the stress shadow hypothesis?","docAbstract":"<p>We test the stress shadow hypothesis for large earthquake interactions by examining the relationship between two large earthquakes that occurred in the Mojave Desert of southern California, the 1992 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.3 Landers and 1999 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.1 Hector Mine earthquakes. We want to determine if the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake occurred at a location where the Coulomb stress was increased (earthquake advance, stress trigger) or decreased (earthquake delay, stress shadow) by the previous large earthquake. Using four models of the Landers rupture and a range of possible hypocentral planes for the Hector Mine earthquake, we discover that most scenarios yield a Landers-induced relaxation (stress shadow) on the Hector Mine hypocentral plane. Although this result would seem to weigh against the stress shadow hypothesis, the results become considerably more uncertain when the effects of a nearby Landers aftershock, the 1992 <i>M<sub>L</sub></i> 5.4 Pisgah earthquake, are taken into account. We calculate the combined static Coulomb stress changes due to the Landers and Pisgah earthquakes to range from -0.3 to +0.3 MPa (- 3 to +3 bars) at the possible Hector Mine hypocenters, depending on choice of rupture model and hypocenter. These varied results imply that the Hector Mine earthquake does not provide a good test of the stress shadow hypothesis for large earthquake interactions. We use a simple approach, that of static dislocations in an elastic half-space, yet we still obtain a wide range of both negative and positive Coulomb stress changes. Our findings serve as a caution that more complex models purporting to explain the triggering or shadowing relationship between the 1992 Landers and 1999 Hector Mine earthquakes need to also consider the parametric and geometric uncertainties raised here.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000913","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., and Simpson, R., 2002, The 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake: A test of the stress shadow hypothesis?: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 4, p. 1497-1512, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000913.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1497","endPage":"1512","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hector Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba63fe4b08c986b320fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024790,"text":"70024790 - 2002 - Transport and fate of nitrate in a glacial outwash aquifer in relation to ground water age, land use practices, and redox processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T16:57:10.078582","indexId":"70024790","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and fate of nitrate in a glacial outwash aquifer in relation to ground water age, land use practices, and redox processes","docAbstract":"<p><span>A combination of ground water modeling, chemical and dissolved gas analyses, and chlorofluorocarbon age dating of water was used to determine the relation between changes in agricultural practices, and NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations in ground water of a glacial outwash aquifer in west-central Minnesota. The results revealed a redox zonation throughout the saturated zone with oxygen reduction occurring near the water table, NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;reduction immediately below it, and then a large zone of ferric iron reduction, with a small area of sulfate (SO</span><sup>2−</sup><sub>4</sub><span>) reduction and methanogenesis (CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>) near the end of the transect. Analytical and NETPATH modeling results supported the hypothesis that organic carbon served as the electron donor for the redox reactions. Denitrification rates were quite small, 0.005 to 0.047 mmol NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and were limited by the small amounts of organic carbon, 0.01 to 1.45%. In spite of the organic carbon limitation, denitrification was virtually complete because residence time is sufficient to allow even slow processes to reach completion. Ground water sample ages showed that maximum residence times were on the order of 50 to 70 yr. Reconstructed NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations, estimated from measured NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;and dissolved N gas showed that NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations have been increasing in the aquifer since the 1940s, and have been above the 714 μmol L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;maximum contaminant level at most sites since the mid- to late-1960s. This increase in NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;has been accompanied by a corresponding increase in agricultural use of fertilizer, identified as the major source of NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;to the aquifer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2134/jeq2002.7820","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Puckett, L., and Cowdery, T.K., 2002, Transport and fate of nitrate in a glacial outwash aquifer in relation to ground water age, land use practices, and redox processes: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 31, no. 3, p. 782-796, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.7820.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"782","endPage":"796","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Big Pine Lake, Little Pine Lake, Otter Tail River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.65727233886717,\n              46.5607488448596\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.43960571289062,\n              46.5607488448596\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.43960571289062,\n              46.68666038407398\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.65727233886717,\n              46.68666038407398\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.65727233886717,\n              46.5607488448596\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb742e4b08c986b32715a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puckett, Larry J. lpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":31739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Larry J.","email":"lpuckett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowdery, Timothy K. 0000-0001-9402-6575 cowdery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9402-6575","contributorId":456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowdery","given":"Timothy","email":"cowdery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":402632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024328,"text":"70024328 - 2002 - Spatial forecasting of disease risk and uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-22T15:31:38.756575","indexId":"70024328","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial forecasting of disease risk and uncertainty","docAbstract":"Because maps typically represent the value of a single variable over 2-dimensional space, cartographers must simplify the display of multiscale complexity, temporal dynamics, and underlying uncertainty. A choropleth disease risk map based on data for polygonal regions might depict incidence (cases per 100,000 people) within each polygon for a year but ignore the uncertainty that results from finer-scale variation, generalization, misreporting, small numbers, and future unknowns. In response to such limitations, this paper reports on the bivariate mapping of data \"quantity\" and \"quality\" of Lyme disease forecasts for states of the United States. Historical state data for 1990-2000 are used in an autoregressive model to forecast 2001-2010 disease incidence and a probability index of confidence, each of which is then kriged to provide two spatial grids representing continuous values over the nation. A single bivariate map is produced from the combination of the incidence grid (using a blue-to-red hue spectrum), and a probabilistic confidence grid (used to control the saturation of the hue at each grid cell). The resultant maps are easily interpretable, and the approach may be applied to such problems as detecting unusual disease occurences, visualizing past and future incidence, and assembling a consistent regional disease atlas showing patterns of forecasted risks in light of probabilistic confidence.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1559/152304002782008413","usgsCitation":"De Cola, L., 2002, Spatial forecasting of disease risk and uncertainty: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 29, no. 4, p. 363-380, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304002782008413.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"380","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": 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,{"id":70024384,"text":"70024384 - 2002 - Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:30:56","indexId":"70024384","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance","docAbstract":"<p>To provide the first nationwide reconnaissance of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in water resources, the U.S. Geological Survey used five newly developed analytical methods to measure concentrations of 95 OWCs in water samples from a network of 139 streams across 30 states during 1999 and 2000. The selection of sampling sites was biased toward streams susceptible to contamination (i.e. downstream of intense urbanization and livestock production). OWCs were prevalent during this study, being found in 80% of the streams sampled. The compounds detected represent a wide range of residential, industrial, and agricultural origins and uses with 82 of the 95 OWCs being found during this study. The most frequently detected compounds were coprostanol (fecal steroid), cholesterol (plant and animal steroid), <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyltoluamide (insect repellant), caffeine (stimulant), triclosan (antimicrobial disinfectant), tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (fire retardant), and 4-nonylphenol (nonionic detergent metabolite). Measured concentrations for this study were generally low and rarely exceeded drinking-water guidelines, drinking-water health advisories, or aquatic-life criteria. Many compounds, however, do not have such guidelines established. The detection of multiple OWCs was common for this study, with a median of seven and as many as 38 OWCs being found in a given water sample. Little is known about the potential interactive effects (such as synergistic or antagonistic toxicity) that may occur from complex mixtures of OWCs in the environment. In addition, results of this study demonstrate the importance of obtaining data on metabolites to fully understand not only the fate and transport of OWCs in the hydrologic system but also their ultimate overall effect on human health and the environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es011055j","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Furlong, E., Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E., Zaugg, S., Barber, L.B., and Buxton, H., 2002, Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1202-1211, https://doi.org/10.1021/es011055j.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1202","endPage":"1211","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Buxton, H. T.","contributorId":67873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024383,"text":"70024383 - 2002 - Sources of terrestrially-derived organic carbon in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments: Implications for differential sedimentation and transport at the coastal margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024383","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of terrestrially-derived organic carbon in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments: Implications for differential sedimentation and transport at the coastal margin","docAbstract":"In this study, we examined the temporal and spatial variability of terrestrial organic carbon sources in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments (during 11 cruises over a 22-month period) to further understand the sorting dynamics and selective transport of vascular plant materials within the primary dispersal system of the river. Bulk ??13C values in lower river sediments ranged from -21.90??? to -24.64??? (mean=-23.20??1.09???), these values were generally more depleted than those found in shelf sediments (-22.5??? to -21.2???). The ??8 (??8 = sum of vanillyl, syringyl and cinnamyl phenols produced from the oxidation of 100 mg of organic carbon) values in the lower river ranged from 0.71 to 3.74 (mean = 1.78??0.23). While there was no significant relationship between ??8 and river discharge (p>0.05), the highest value occurred during peak discharge in April 1999-which corresponded to the highest observed C/N value of 17.41. The ??8 values on the shelf ranged from 0.68 to 1.36 (mean = 0.54??0.30) and were significantly lower (p <0.05) than the average value for lower river sediments. The range of S/V (syringyl/vanillyl) and C/V (cinnamyl/vanillyl) ratios on the shelf, 0.11 to 0.95 and 0.01 to 0.08, respectively, were similar to that found in the lower river. These low C/V ratios are indicative a mixture of woody and non-woody carbon sources. Recent work by Goni et al. [Nature 389 (1997) 275; Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 3055], which did not include sampling transects within the primary dispersal system of the Mississippi River, showed a non-woody vascular plant signature on the Louisiana shelf. This suggests that riverine-derived woody tissues preferentially settle out of the water column, in the lower river and inner shelf, prior to the selective dispersal of C3 versus C4 non-woody materials in other regions the shelf and slope. This works further demonstrates the importance of differential settlement of particles, sampling location within the dispersal system, and river discharge, when examining biogeochemical cycles in river-dominated margins. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00088-3","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Bianchi, T., Mitra, S., and McKee, B., 2002, Sources of terrestrially-derived organic carbon in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments: Implications for differential sedimentation and transport at the coastal margin: Marine Chemistry, v. 77, no. 2-3, p. 211-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00088-3.","startPage":"211","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207195,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00088-3"}],"volume":"77","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9395e4b08c986b31a592","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bianchi, T.S.","contributorId":90500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bianchi","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitra, Siddhartha","contributorId":97608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitra","given":"Siddhartha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12616,"text":"Dept of Geological Sciences, East Carolina University,  Greenville, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, B.A.","contributorId":90897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024382,"text":"70024382 - 2002 - In situ osmotic analyzer for the year-long continuous determination of Fe in hydrothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024382","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ osmotic analyzer for the year-long continuous determination of Fe in hydrothermal systems","docAbstract":"A submersible osmotically pumped analyzer (Fe-OsmoAnalyzer) has been adapted for the long-term continuous high resolution monitoring of iron(II) and (III) in deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Ferrozine is used as the colorimetric reagent. The detection limit for our analyzer is 0.1??M for a 0.7cm pathlength with a linear response up to 50??M. The Fe-OsmoAnalyzer uses periodic injections of standards and blanks to self calibrate and can operate unattended for over a year collecting data every 15min. The Fe-OsmoAnalyzer was field tested during a 6 week test deployment at 900m in Monterey Bay and a year-long deployment at 1100m off the coast of Hawaii. A second year-long deployment in a low temperature hydrothermal vent on the Juan de Fuca Ridge provided high resolution continuous monitoring of Fe and was able to distinguish tidally influenced fluctuations in Fe concentrations. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytica Chimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00423-3","issn":"00032670","usgsCitation":"Chapin, T., Jannasch, H., and Johnson, K., 2002, In situ osmotic analyzer for the year-long continuous determination of Fe in hydrothermal systems: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 463, no. 2, p. 265-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00423-3.","startPage":"265","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00423-3"},{"id":231891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"463","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39a9e4b0c8380cd619cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, T.P. 0000-0001-6587-0734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-0734","contributorId":24142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"T.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jannasch, H.W.","contributorId":89665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jannasch","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024381,"text":"70024381 - 2002 - The lacustrine carbon cycle as illuminated by the waters and sediments of two hydrologically distinct headwater lakes in north-central Minnesota, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T16:03:30.533493","indexId":"70024381","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The lacustrine carbon cycle as illuminated by the waters and sediments of two hydrologically distinct headwater lakes in north-central Minnesota, U.S.A","docAbstract":"<p>The accumulation rates of CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and organic carbon (OC) in lake sediments are delicately balanced between production in the epilimnion and destruction in the hypolimnion. The cycling of these two forms of carbon makes a \"carbon pump\" that greatly affects the biogeochemical cycles of other elements. To further understand these biogeochemical dynamics, the lakes, streams, and wetlands of the Shingobee River headwater area of north-central Minnesota have been subjected to intensive hydrologic and biogeochemical studies. Williams Lake, situated close to the highest point in the regional flow system, is hydrologically closed, with no surface inlet or outlet, and ground water and precipitation as the only sources of water. Shingobee Lake, situated at the lowest point in the regional flow system, has the Shingobee River as an inlet and outlet. The surface waters of both lakes are oversaturated, and the bottom waters undersaturated, with respect to CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>during the summer. The small amount of CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>that is precipitated in the epilimnion of Williams Lake during the summer is dissolved in the undersaturated hypolimnion and sediments with the result that no CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is incorporated into the profundal surface sediments. Because of the high phytoplankton productivity of Shingobee Lake, sufficient CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is produced in the epilimnion that large amounts survive the corrosive hypolimnion and sediments, and an average of 46 wt. % accumulates in surface sediments.</p><p>Another consequence of higher phytoplankton productivity in Shingobee Lake is that the hypolimnion becomes oxygen deficient within a month after overturn in both the spring and fall. Because of reducing conditions that develop in the hypolimnion of Shingobee Lake, high concentrations of dissolved Fe and Mn accumulate there during summer stratification. Precipitation of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides during periods of fall and spring overturn results in high concentrations of Fe and Mn in surface sediments. In Williams Lake, high concentrations of Fe and Mn do not build up in the hypolimnion.</p><p>The concentration of CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is about 80 wt. % in lower Holocene sediments of both lakes. The lower Holocene sediments in both lakes also contain high concentrations of Fe and Mn, and the lower Holocene sediments of Shingobee are laminated. The waters of both lakes had identical values of δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O during the early Holocene, but the waters of Williams Lake \"evolved\" during the early Holocene, increasing about 10‰ in both δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O. Deposits of lacustrine marl occur as much as seven meters above the present elevation of Williams Lake, the highest of the two lakes. Taken together, these observations suggest that the lakes were once connected to form a larger lake called Lake Willobee with a hypolimnion that was anoxic, at least seasonally.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/101801720416","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., and Schwalb, A., 2002, The lacustrine carbon cycle as illuminated by the waters and sediments of two hydrologically distinct headwater lakes in north-central Minnesota, U.S.A: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 72, no. 3, p. 416-431, https://doi.org/10.1306/101801720416.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"431","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Shingobee Lake, Williams Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.69712734222412,\n              46.998607143063424\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.67936038970947,\n              46.998607143063424\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.67936038970947,\n              47.01043049343728\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.69712734222412,\n              47.01043049343728\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.69712734222412,\n              46.998607143063424\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.67605590820312,\n              46.949383372087425\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.66292381286621,\n              46.949383372087425\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.66292381286621,\n              46.958288587932536\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.67605590820312,\n              46.958288587932536\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.67605590820312,\n              46.949383372087425\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad76e4b08c986b323c18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwalb, Antje","contributorId":20457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalb","given":"Antje","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024379,"text":"70024379 - 2002 - Mapping the sources of the seismic wave field at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using data recorded on multiple seismic Antennas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T11:46:48.951238","indexId":"70024379","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the sources of the seismic wave field at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using data recorded on multiple seismic Antennas","docAbstract":"Seismic antennas constitute a powerful tool for the analysis of complex wave fields. Well-designed antennas can identify and separate components of a complex wave field based on their distinct propagation properties. The combination of several antennas provides the basis for a more complete understanding of volcanic wave fields, including an estimate of the location of each individual wave-field component identified simultaneously by at least two antennas. We used frequency-slowness analyses of data from three antennas to identify and locate the different components contributing to the wave fields recorded at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, in February 1997. The wave-field components identified are (1) a sustained background volcanic tremor in the form of body waves generated in a shallow hydrothermal system located below the northeastern edge of the Halemaumau pit crater; (2) surface waves generated along the path between this hydrothermal source and the antennas; (3) back-scattered surface wave energy from a shallow reflector located near the southeastern rim of Kilauea caldera; (4) evidence for diffracted wave components originating at the southeastern edge of Halemaumau; and (5) body waves reflecting the activation of a deeper tremor source between 02 hr 00 min and 16 hr 00 min Hawaii Standard Time on 11 February.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020037","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., Chouet, B., Dawson, P., and Huber, C.G., 2002, Mapping the sources of the seismic wave field at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using data recorded on multiple seismic Antennas: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 6, p. 2333-2351, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020037.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2333","endPage":"2351","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.29415130615234,\n              19.392772523819033\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23372650146484,\n              19.392772523819033\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23372650146484,\n              19.441665644565774\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29415130615234,\n              19.441665644565774\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29415130615234,\n              19.392772523819033\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5089e4b0c8380cd6b75f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huber, Caleb G.","contributorId":48823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"Caleb","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024378,"text":"70024378 - 2002 - Comment on \"How fast is rupture during an earthquake? New insights from the 1999 Turkey earthquakes\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-15T13:47:51.978386","indexId":"70024378","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on \"How fast is rupture during an earthquake? New insights from the 1999 Turkey earthquakes\"","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001GL014126","usgsCitation":"Andrews, D., 2002, Comment on \"How fast is rupture during an earthquake? New insights from the 1999 Turkey earthquakes\": Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, no. 15, p. 9-1-9-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014126.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"9-1","endPage":"9-4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl014126","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e7e4b0c8380cd4cd7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, D.J.","contributorId":7416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024372,"text":"70024372 - 2002 - A comparison of models for estimating the riverine export of nitrogen from large watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024372","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of models for estimating the riverine export of nitrogen from large watersheds","docAbstract":"We evaluated the accuracy of six watershed models of nitrogen export in streams (kg km2 yr-1) developed for use in large watersheds and representing various empirical and quasi-empirical approaches described in the literature. These models differ in their methods of calibration and have varying levels of spatial resolution and process complexity, which potentially affect the accuracy (bias and precision) of the model predictions of nitrogen export and source contributions to export. Using stream monitoring data and detailed estimates of the natural and cultural sources of nitrogen for 16 watersheds in the northeastern United States (drainage sizes = 475 to 70,000 km2), we assessed the accuracy of the model predictions of total nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen export. The model validation included the use of an error modeling technique to identify biases caused by model deficiencies in quantifying nitrogen sources and biogeochemical processes affecting the transport of nitrogen in watersheds. Most models predicted stream nitrogen export to within 50% of the measured export in a majority of the watersheds. Prediction errors were negatively correlated with cultivated land area, indicating that the watershed models tended to over predict export in less agricultural and more forested watersheds and under predict in more agricultural basins. The magnitude of these biases differed appreciably among the models. Those models having more detailed descriptions of nitrogen sources, land and water attenuation of nitrogen, and water flow paths were found to have considerably lower bias and higher precision in their predictions of nitrogen export.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1015752801818","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Johnes, P., Boyer, E., and Smith, R.A., 2002, A comparison of models for estimating the riverine export of nitrogen from large watersheds: Biogeochemistry, v. 57-58, p. 295-339, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015752801818.","startPage":"295","endPage":"339","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207177,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015752801818"},{"id":231887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57-58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e36ee4b0c8380cd45ff6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnes, P.J.","contributorId":28020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnes","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024705,"text":"70024705 - 2002 - Very-long-period volcanic earthquakes beneath Mammoth Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-19T16:12:46.611228","indexId":"70024705","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Very-long-period volcanic earthquakes beneath Mammoth Mountain, California","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Detection of three very‐long‐period (VLP) volcanic earthquakes beneath Mammoth Mountain emphasizes that magmatic processes continue to be active beneath this young, eastern California volcano. These VLP earthquakes, which occurred in October 1996 and July and August 2000, appear as bell‐shaped pulses with durations of one to two minutes on a nearby borehole dilatometer and on the displacement seismogram from a nearby broadband seismometer. They are accompanied by rapid‐fire sequences of high‐frequency (HF) earthquakes and several long‐period (LP) volcanic earthquakes. The limited VLP data are consistent with a CLVD source at a depth of ∼3 km beneath the summit, which we interpret as resulting from a slug of fluid (CO<sub>2</sub>–saturated magmatic brine or perhaps basaltic magma) moving into a crack.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002GL014833","usgsCitation":"Hill, D.P., Dawson, P., Johnston, M., Pitt, A., Biasi, G., and Smith, K., 2002, Very-long-period volcanic earthquakes beneath Mammoth Mountain, California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, no. 10, p. 8-1-8-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL014833.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"8-1","endPage":"8-4","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489760,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl014833","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mammoth Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.0456199645996,\n              37.615387232289116\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.01257514953612,\n              37.615387232289116\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.01257514953612,\n              37.6343536596899\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.0456199645996,\n              37.6343536596899\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.0456199645996,\n              37.615387232289116\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc24de4b08c986b32aa5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, David P. 0000-0002-1619-2006 dhill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-2006","contributorId":206752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"dhill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitt, A.D.","contributorId":41440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitt","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Biasi, G.","contributorId":100583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biasi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, K.","contributorId":100578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70187586,"text":"70187586 - 2002 - Snow geese","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70187586,"text":"70187586 - 2002 - Snow geese","indexId":"70187586","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"9","title":"Snow geese"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:25:24","indexId":"70187586","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"9","title":"Snow geese","docAbstract":"<p>Part of the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, is used as an autumn staging area by lesser snow geese (<i>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i>) from the Western Canadian Arctic population (hereafter called the Western Arctic population). There were approximately 200,000 breeding adults in the Western Arctic population through the mid-1980s (Johnson and Herter 1989), but the population has recently increased to about 500,000 breeding adults (Kerbes et al. 1999).</p><p>Early in their autumn migration, adult and juvenile snow geese from the Western Arctic population feed intensively while staging on the Beaufort Sea coastal plain in Canada and Alaska to build fat reserves needed for migration. Aerial censuses from 1973 to 1985 indicated that up to 600,000 adult and juvenile snow geese used the coastal plain for 2-4 weeks in late August until mid-September (Oates et al. 1987).</p><p>We studied annual variation in numbers and spatial distribution of snow geese that staged on the coastal plain of the Arctic Refuge.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., Robertson, D.G., and Brackney, A.W., 2002, Snow geese: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53be4b0e541a03d453b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694651,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694652,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. B.","contributorId":73156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhode","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694653,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Donna G.","contributorId":29965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brackney, Alan W.","contributorId":60982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brackney","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024265,"text":"70024265 - 2002 - Salmon restoration in the Umatilla River: A study of straying and risk containment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:19:57","indexId":"70024265","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salmon restoration in the Umatilla River: A study of straying and risk containment","docAbstract":"<p>The use of artificial propagation may produce unexpected results and the need for risk containment. Stray chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Umatilla River releases put the threatened Snake River stock at risk, caused conflict between two plans, altered management, and greatly increased the costs for hatchery-based restoration. Stray Umatilla returns captured or observed in the Snake River averaged more than 200 fish annually and comprised up to 26% of the escapement. The risk to the threatened population stimulated a series of containment actions, including wire tagging 2-3 million fish annually, use of acclimation ponds, altering release locations, flow enhancement, and broodstock management changes. Actions for the use of artificial propagation where straying or unexpected results are a concern include marking or tagging most or all fish, limiting the number of fish initially released, recognizing environmental variables that influence straying, ensuring that funding for risk containment is available when undesirable results occur, and recognizing that unexpected results may not be manifested or identified immediately.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(2002)027<0010:SRITUR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M., and Carmichael, R., 2002, Salmon restoration in the Umatilla River: A study of straying and risk containment: Fisheries, v. 27, no. 10, p. 10-19, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2002)027<0010:SRITUR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207285,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2002)027<0010:SRITUR>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"27","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaffce4b0c8380cd87894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, M.C.","contributorId":59596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carmichael, R.W.","contributorId":105971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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