{"pageNumber":"303","pageRowStart":"7550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70026840,"text":"70026840 - 2004 - Effect of cell physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70026840","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of cell physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater","docAbstract":"The influence of physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater were examined in flow-through columns. Four strains of bacteria isolated from a crystalline rock groundwater system were investigated, with carboxylate-modified and amidine-modified latex microspheres and bromide as reference tracers. The bacterial isolates included a gram-positive rod (ML1), a gram-negative motile rod (ML2), a nonmotile mutant of ML2 (ML2m), and a gram-positive coccoid (ML3). Experiments were repeated at two flow velocities, in a glass column packed with glass beads, and in another packed with iron-oxyhydroxide coated glass beads. Bacteria breakthrough curves were interpreted using a transport equation that incorporates a sorption model from microscopic observation of bacterial deposition in flow-cell experiments. The model predicts that bacterial desorption rate will decrease exponentially with the amount of time the cell is attached to the solid surface. Desorption kinetics appeared to influence transport at the lower flow rate, but were not discernable at the higher flow rate. Iron-oxyhydroxide coatings had a lower-than-expected effect on bacterial breakthrough and no effect on the microsphere recovery in the column experiments. Cell wall type and shape also had minor effects on breakthrough. Motility tended to increase the adsorption rate, and decrease the desorption rate. The transport model predicts that at field scale, desorption rate kinetics may be important to the prediction of bacteria transport rates. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.001","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Becker, M., Collins, S., Metge, D., Harvey, R., and Shapiro, A., 2004, Effect of cell physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 69, no. 3-4, p. 195-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.001.","startPage":"195","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209282,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.08.001"},{"id":235573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c7e4b0c8380cd50f5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, M.W.","contributorId":35896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, S.A.","contributorId":63947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":411312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026832,"text":"70026832 - 2004 - Fate of volatile organic compounds in constructed wastewater treatment wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:40:33","indexId":"70026832","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of volatile organic compounds in constructed wastewater treatment wetlands","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">The fate of volatile organic compounds was evaluated in a wastewater-dependent constructed wetland near Phoenix, AZ, using field measurements and solute transport modeling. Numerically based volatilization rates were determined using inverse modeling techniques and hydraulic parameters established by sodium bromide tracer experiments. Theoretical volatilization rates were calculated from the two-film method incorporating physicochemical properties and environmental conditions. Additional analyses were conducted using graphically determined volatilization rates based on field measurements. Transport (with first-order removal) simulations were performed using a range of volatilization rates and were evaluated with respect to field concentrations. The inverse and two-film reactive transport simulations demonstrated excellent agreement with measured concentrations for 1,4-dichlorobenzene, tetrachloroethene, dichloromethane, and trichloromethane and fair agreement for dibromochloromethane, bromodichloromethane, and toluene. Wetland removal efficiencies from inlet to outlet ranged from 63% to 87% for target compounds.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es034661i","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Keefe, S., Barber, L.B., Runkel, R., and Ryan, J.N., 2004, Fate of volatile organic compounds in constructed wastewater treatment wetlands: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 7, p. 2209-2216, https://doi.org/10.1021/es034661i.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2209","endPage":"2216","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209213,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es034661i"},{"id":235465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f0fe4b0c8380cd53738","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefe, S.H.","contributorId":18965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026824,"text":"70026824 - 2004 - A resampling procedure for generating conditioned daily weather sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T14:59:00","indexId":"70026824","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A resampling procedure for generating conditioned daily weather sequences","docAbstract":"<p><span>A method is introduced to generate conditioned daily precipitation and temperature time series at multiple stations. The method resamples data from the historical record “nens” times for the period of interest (nens = number of ensemble members) and reorders the ensemble members to reconstruct the observed spatial (intersite) and temporal correlation statistics. The weather generator model is applied to 2307 stations in the contiguous United States and is shown to reproduce the observed spatial correlation between neighboring stations, the observed correlation between variables (e.g., between precipitation and temperature), and the observed temporal correlation between subsequent days in the generated weather sequence. The weather generator model is extended to produce sequences of weather that are conditioned on climate indices (in this case the Niño 3.4 index). Example illustrations of conditioned weather sequences are provided for a station in Arizona (Petrified Forest, 34.8°N, 109.9°W), where El Niño and La Niña conditions have a strong effect on winter precipitation. The conditioned weather sequences generated using the methods described in this paper are appropriate for use as input to hydrologic models to produce multiseason forecasts of streamflow.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003WR002747","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., Gangopadhyay, S., Brandon, D., Werner, K., Hay, L.E., Rajagopalan, B., and Yates, D., 2004, A resampling procedure for generating conditioned daily weather sequences: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 4, Article W04304; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002747.","productDescription":"Article W04304; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003wr002747","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e549e4b0c8380cd46c73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Martyn P.","contributorId":21445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Martyn P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu 0000-0003-3864-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3864-8251","contributorId":173439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gangopadhyay","given":"Subhrendu","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandon, David","contributorId":22023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandon","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werner, Kevin","contributorId":194369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rajagopalan, Balaji","contributorId":145813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"Balaji","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yates, David","contributorId":127383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yates","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70027684,"text":"70027684 - 2004 - The Journey from Safe Yield to Sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027684","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Journey from Safe Yield to Sustainability","docAbstract":"Safe-yield concepts historically focused attention on the economic and legal aspects of ground water development. Sustainability concerns have brought environmental aspects more to the forefront and have resulted in a more integrated outlook. Water resources sustainability is not a purely scientific concept, but rather a perspective that can frame scientific analysis. The evolving concept of sustainability presents a challenge to hydrologists to translate complex, and sometimes vague, socioeconomic and political questions into technical questions that can be quantified systematically. Hydrologists can contribute to sustainable water resources management by presenting the longer-term implications of ground water development as an integral part of their analyses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02446.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., and Leake, S.A., 2004, The Journey from Safe Yield to Sustainability: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 1, p. 12-16, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02446.x.","startPage":"12","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210940,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02446.x"},{"id":238028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba791e4b08c986b321653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, W.M.","contributorId":6853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026818,"text":"70026818 - 2004 - Rare earth element partitioning between hydrous ferric oxides and acid mine water during iron oxidation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:23:19","indexId":"70026818","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare earth element partitioning between hydrous ferric oxides and acid mine water during iron oxidation","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id13\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id14\"><p><span>Ferrous iron rapidly oxidizes to Fe (III) and precipitates as hydrous Fe (III)&nbsp;oxides&nbsp;in acid mine waters. This study examines the effect of Fe precipitation on the&nbsp;rare earth element(REE)&nbsp;</span>geochemistry<span>&nbsp;of acid mine waters to determine the pH range over which REEs behave conservatively and the range over which attenuation and&nbsp;fractionation&nbsp;occur. Two field studies were designed to investigate&nbsp;REE&nbsp;attenuation during Fe oxidation in acidic, alpine surface waters. To complement these field studies, a suite of six acid mine waters with a pH range from 1.6 to 6.1 were collected and allowed to oxidize in the laboratory at ambient conditions to determine the partitioning of REEs during Fe oxidation and precipitation. Results from&nbsp;field experiments&nbsp;document that even with substantial Fe oxidation, the REEs remain dissolved in acid, sulfate waters with pH below 5.1. Between pH 5.1 and 6.6 the REEs partitioned to the solid phases in the water column, and heavy REEs were preferentially removed compared to light REEs.&nbsp;Laboratory experiments&nbsp;corroborated field data with the most solid-phase partitioning occurring in the waters with the highest pH.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.016","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Verplanck, P., Nordstrom, D.K., Taylor, H.E., and Kimball, B.A., 2004, Rare earth element partitioning between hydrous ferric oxides and acid mine water during iron oxidation: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 8, p. 1339-1354, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.016.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1339","endPage":"1354","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209038,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.016"}],"volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a951ee4b0c8380cd817fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":411206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":411204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026810,"text":"70026810 - 2004 - Geographic variation in patterns of nestedness among local stream fish assemblages in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026810","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic variation in patterns of nestedness among local stream fish assemblages in Virginia","docAbstract":"Nestedness of faunal assemblages is a multiscale phenomenon, potentially influenced by a variety of factors. Prior small-scale studies have found freshwater fish species assemblages to be nested along stream courses as a result of either selective colonization or extinction. However, within-stream gradients in temperature and other factors are correlated with the distributions of many fish species and may also contribute to nestedness. At a regional level, strongly nested patterns would require a consistent set of structuring mechanisms across streams, and correlation among species' tolerances of the environmental factors that influence distribution. Thus, nestedness should be negatively associated with the spatial extent of the region analyzed and positively associated with elevational gradients (a correlate of temperature and other environmental factors). We examined these relationships for the freshwater fishes of Virginia. Regions were defined within a spatial hierarchy and included whole river drainages, portions of drainages within physiographic provinces, and smaller subdrainages. In most cases, nestedness was significantly stronger in regions of smaller spatial extent and in regions characterized by greater topographic relief. Analysis of hydrologic variability and patterns of faunal turnover provided no evidence that interannual colonization/extinction dynamics contributed to elevational differences in nestedness. These results suggest that, at regional scales, nestedness is influenced by interactions between biotic and abiotic factors, and that the strongest nestedness is likely to occur where a small number of organizational processes predominate, i.e., over small spatial extents and regions exhibiting strong environmental gradients. ?? Springer-Verlag 2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-004-1618-z","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Cook, R., Angermeier, P., Finn, D., Poff, N., and Krueger, K., 2004, Geographic variation in patterns of nestedness among local stream fish assemblages in Virginia: Oecologia, v. 140, no. 4, p. 639-649, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1618-z.","startPage":"639","endPage":"649","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208971,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1618-z"},{"id":235110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a178ae4b0c8380cd55535","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, R.R.","contributorId":34696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, D.S.","contributorId":103454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poff, N.L.","contributorId":22723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poff","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krueger, K.L.","contributorId":103812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026792,"text":"70026792 - 2004 - Importance of storm events in controlling ecosystem structure and function in a Florida Gulf Coast estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T14:33:34.806018","indexId":"70026792","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of storm events in controlling ecosystem structure and function in a Florida Gulf Coast estuary","docAbstract":"From 8/95 to 2/01, we investigated the ecological effects of intra- and inter-annual variability in freshwater flow through Taylor Creek in southeastern Everglades National Park. Continuous monitoring and intensive sampling studies overlapped with an array of pulsed weather events that impacted physical, chemical, and biological attributes of this region. We quantified the effects of three events representing a range of characteristics (duration, amount of precipitation, storm intensity, wind direction) on the hydraulic connectivity, nutrient and sediment dynamics, and vegetation structure of the SE Everglades estuarine ecotone. These events included a strong winter storm in November 1996, Tropical Storm Harvey in September 1999, and Hurricane Irene in October 1999. Continuous hydrologic and daily water sample data were used to examine the effects of these events on the physical forcing and quality of water in Taylor Creek. A high resolution, flow-through sampling and mapping approach was used to characterize water quality in the adjacent bay. To understand the effects of these events on vegetation communities, we measured mangrove litter production and estimated seagrass cover in the bay at monthly intervals. We also quantified sediment deposition associated with Hurricane Irene's flood surge along the Buttonwood Ridge. These three events resulted in dramatic changes in surface water movement and chemistry in Taylor Creek and adjacent regions of Florida Bay as well as increased mangrove litterfall and flood surge scouring of seagrass beds. Up to 5 cm of bay-derived mud was deposited along the ridge adjacent to the creek in this single pulsed event. These short-term events can account for a substantial proportion of the annual flux of freshwater and materials between the mangrove zone and Florida Bay. Our findings shed light on the capacity of these storm events, especially when in succession, to have far reaching and long lasting effects on coastal ecosystems such as the estuarine ecotone of the SE Everglades.","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education & Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/03-0072R.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Davis, S.E., Cable, J., Childers, D., Coronado-Molina, C., Day, J., Hittle, C., Madden, C., Reyes, E., Rudnick, D., and Sklar, F., 2004, Importance of storm events in controlling ecosystem structure and function in a Florida Gulf Coast estuary: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 20, no. 4, p. 1198-1208, https://doi.org/10.2112/03-0072R.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1198","endPage":"1208","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3944e4b0c8380cd61879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Stephen E","contributorId":213386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":17761,"text":"Everglades Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":411095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cable, J.E.","contributorId":25963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cable","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Childers, D.L.","contributorId":44334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coronado-Molina, C.","contributorId":90271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coronado-Molina","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Day, J.W.","contributorId":27417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hittle, C.D.","contributorId":90798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hittle","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Madden, C.J.","contributorId":101065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reyes, E.","contributorId":83886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rudnick, D.","contributorId":23710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudnick","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sklar, F.","contributorId":61618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sklar","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70026789,"text":"70026789 - 2004 - Biotransformation of tributyltin to tin in freshwater river-bed sediments contaminated by an organotin release","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:11:44","indexId":"70026789","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biotransformation of tributyltin to tin in freshwater river-bed sediments contaminated by an organotin release","docAbstract":"The largest documented release of organotin compounds to a freshwater river system in the United States occurred in early 2000 in central South Carolina. The release consisted of an unknown volume of various organotin compounds such tetrabutyltin (TTBT), tributyltin (TBT), tetraoctyltin (TTOT), and trioctyl tin (TOT) and resulted in a massive fish kill and the permanent closures of a municipal wastewater treatment plant and a local city's only drinking-water intake. Initial sampling events in 2000 and 2001 indicated that concentrations of the ecologically toxic TTBT and TBT were each greater than 10 000 ??g/kg in surface-water bed sediments in depositional areas, such as lakes and beaver ponds downstream of the release. Bed-sediment samples collected between 2001 and 2003, however, revealed a substantial decrease in bed-sediment organotin concentrations and an increase in concentrations of degradation intermediate compounds. For example, in bed sediments of a representative beaver pond located about 1.6 km downstream of the release, total organotin concentrations [the sum of TTBT, TBT, and the TBT degradation intermediates dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT)] decreased from 38 670 to 298 ??g/kg. In Crystal Lake, a large lake about 0.4 km downstream from the beaver pond, total organotin concentrations decreased from 28 300 to less than 5 ??g/kg during the same time period. Moreover, bed-sediment inorganic tin concentrations increased from pre-release levels of less than 800 to 32 700 ??g/kg during this time. These field data suggest that the released organotin compounds, such as TBT, are being transformed into inorganic tin by bed-sediment microbial processes. Microcosms were created in the laboratory that contained bed sediment from the two sites and were amended with tributyltin (as tributyltin chloride) under an ambient air headspace and sacrificially analyzed periodically for TBT, the biodegradation intermediates DBT and MBT, and tin. TBT concentrations decreased faster [half-life (t1/2) = 28 d] in the organic-rich sediments (21.5%) that characterized the beaver pond as compared to the slower (t1/2 = 78 d) degradation rate in the sandy, organic-poor, sediments (0.43%) of Crystal Lake. Moreover, the concentration of inorganic tin increased in microcosms containing bed sediments from both locations. These field and laboratory results suggest that biotransformation of the released organotins, in particular the ecologically detrimental TBT, does occur in this fresh surface-water system impacted with high concentrations of neat organotin compounds.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es030697z","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., Tanner, T., and Watt, B., 2004, Biotransformation of tributyltin to tin in freshwater river-bed sediments contaminated by an organotin release: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 15, p. 4106-4112, https://doi.org/10.1021/es030697z.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4106","endPage":"4112","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209135,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es030697z"},{"id":235349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a4e4b0c8380cd4ad6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, T.L.","contributorId":62809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watt, B.E.","contributorId":96844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":411076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026734,"text":"70026734 - 2004 - Re-evaluation of heat flow data near Parkfield, CA: Evidence for a weak San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026734","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re-evaluation of heat flow data near Parkfield, CA: Evidence for a weak San Andreas Fault","docAbstract":"Improved interpretations of the strength of the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, CA based on thermal data require quantification of processes causing significant scatter and uncertainty in existing heat flow data. These effects include topographic refraction, heat advection by topographically-driven groundwater flow, and uncertainty in thermal conductivity. Here, we re-evaluate the heat flow data in this area by correcting for full 3-D terrain effects. We then investigate the potential role of groundwater flow in redistributing fault-generated heat, using numerical models of coupled heat and fluid flow for a wide range of hydrologic scenarios. We find that a large degree of the scatter in the data can be accounted for by 3-D terrain effects, and that for plausible groundwater flow scenarios frictional heat generated along a strong fault is unlikely to be redistributed by topographically-driven groundwater flow in a manner consistent with the 3-D corrected data. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2003GL019378","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Fulton, P., Saffer, D., Harris, R., and Bekins, B., 2004, Re-evaluation of heat flow data near Parkfield, CA: Evidence for a weak San Andreas Fault: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, no. 15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019378.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208609,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019378"},{"id":234460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9572e4b0c8380cd81a0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, P.M.","contributorId":47552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saffer, D.M.","contributorId":72945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, Reid N.","contributorId":54568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Reid N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026731,"text":"70026731 - 2004 - Surface complexation model of uranyl sorption on Georgia kaolinite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:47:14","indexId":"70026731","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":828,"text":"Applied Clay Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface complexation model of uranyl sorption on Georgia kaolinite","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id13\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id14\"><p><span>The&nbsp;adsorption&nbsp;of uranyl on standard Georgia kaolinites (KGa-1 and KGa-1B) was studied as a function of pH (3–10), total U (1 and 10 μmol/l), and mass loading of clay (4 and 40 g/l). The uptake of uranyl in air-equilibrated systems increased with pH and reached a maximum in the near-neutral pH range. At higher pH values, the&nbsp;sorption&nbsp;decreased due to the presence of aqueous uranyl carbonate complexes. One&nbsp;kaolinite&nbsp;sample was examined after the uranyl uptake experiments by&nbsp;transmission electron microscopy&nbsp;(TEM), using energy dispersive&nbsp;X-ray spectroscopy&nbsp;(EDS) to determine the U content. It was found that&nbsp;uraniumwas preferentially adsorbed by Ti-rich impurity phases (predominantly anatase), which are present in the kaolinite samples. Uranyl sorption on the Georgia kaolinites was simulated with U sorption reactions on both titanol and aluminol sites, using a simple non-electrostatic surface&nbsp;complexation&nbsp;model (SCM). The relative amounts of U-binding &gt;TiOH and &gt;AlOH sites were estimated from the TEM/EDS results. A ternary uranyl carbonate complex on the titanol site improved the fit to the experimental data in the higher pH range. The final model contained only three optimised log&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values, and was able to simulate adsorption data across a wide range of experimental conditions. The &gt;TiOH (anatase) sites appear to play an important role in retaining U at low uranyl concentrations. As kaolinite often contains trace TiO<sub>2</sub><span>, its presence may need to be taken into account when modelling the results of sorption experiments with&nbsp;radionuclides&nbsp;or&nbsp;trace metals&nbsp;on kaolinite.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2003.08.013","issn":"01691317","usgsCitation":"Payne, T., Davis, J., Lumpkin, G., Chisari, R., and Waite, T., 2004, Surface complexation model of uranyl sorption on Georgia kaolinite: Applied Clay Science, v. 26, no. 1-4 , p. 151-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2003.08.013.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"162","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502512,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42341","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208608,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2003.08.013"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1-4 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f9be4b08c986b31e6e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, T.E.","contributorId":31916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lumpkin, G.R.","contributorId":87728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumpkin","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chisari, R.","contributorId":37124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chisari","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waite, T.D.","contributorId":31116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026722,"text":"70026722 - 2004 - Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026722","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data","docAbstract":"The stable isotope of oxygen, 18O, is used as a naturally occurring ground-water tracer. Time-series data for ??18O are analyzed to model the distinct responses and relative proportions of the conduit, intermediate, and diffuse flow components in karst aquifers. This analysis also describes mathematically the dynamics of the transient fluid interchange between conduits and diffusive networks. Conduit and intermediate flow are described by linear-systems methods, whereas diffuse flow is described by mass-balance methods. An automated optimization process estimates parameters of lognormal, Pearson type III, and gamma distributions, which are used as transfer functions in linear-systems analysis. Diffuse flow and mixing parameters also are estimated by these optimization methods. Results indicate the relative proximity of a well to a main conduit flowpath and can help to predict the movement and residence times of potential contaminants. The three-component linear model is applied to five wells, which respond to changes in the isotopic composition of point recharge water from a sinking stream in the Madison aquifer in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Flow velocities as much as 540 m/d and system memories of as much as 71 years are estimated by this method. Also, the mean, median, and standard deviation of traveltimes; time to peak response; and the relative fraction of flow for each of the three components are determined for these wells. This analysis infers that flow may branch apart and rejoin as a result of an anastomotic (or channeled) karst network.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.023","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Long, A., and Putnam, L., 2004, Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data: Journal of Hydrology, v. 296, no. 1-4, p. 254-270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.023.","startPage":"254","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208566,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.023"},{"id":234390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"296","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47c3e4b0c8380cd67963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, L.D.","contributorId":47417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026712,"text":"70026712 - 2004 - A review of models and micrometeorological methods used to estimate wetland evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T08:28:30","indexId":"70026712","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of models and micrometeorological methods used to estimate wetland evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"Within the past decade or so, the accuracy of evapotranspiration (ET) estimates has improved due to new and increasingly sophisticated methods. Yet despite a plethora of choices concerning methods, estimation of wetland ET remains insufficiently characterized due to the complexity of surface characteristics and the diversity of wetland types. In this review, we present models and micrometeorological methods that have been used to estimate wetland ET and discuss their suitability for particular wetland types. Hydrological, soil monitoring and lysimetric methods to determine ET are not discussed. Our review shows that, due to the variability and complexity of wetlands, there is no single approach that is the best for estimating wetland ET. Furthermore, there is no single foolproof method to obtain an accurate, independent measure of wetland ET. Because all of the methods reviewed, with the exception of eddy covariance and LIDAR, require measurements of net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux (G), highly accurate measurements of these energy components are key to improving measurements of wetland ET. Many of the major methods used to determine ET can be applied successfully to wetlands of uniform vegetation and adequate fetch, however, certain caveats apply. For example, with accurate Rn and G data and small Bowen ratio (??) values, the Bowen ratio energy balance method can give accurate estimates of wetland ET. However, large errors in latent heat flux density can occur near sunrise and sunset when the Bowen ratio ?? ??? - 1??0. The eddy covariance method provides a direct measurement of latent heat flux density (??E) and sensible heat flux density (II), yet this method requires considerable expertise and expensive instrumentation to implement. A clear advantage of using the eddy covariance method is that ??E can be compared with Rn-G H, thereby allowing for an independent test of accuracy. The surface renewal method is inexpensive to replicate and, therefore, shows particular promise for characterizing variability in ET as a result of spatial heterogeneity. LIDAR is another method that has special utility in a heterogeneous wetland environment, because it provides an integrated value for ET from a surface. The main drawback of LIDAR is the high cost of equipment and the need for an independent ET measure to assess accuracy. If Rn and G are measured accurately, the Priestley-Taylor equation can be used successfully with site-specific calibration factors to estimate wetland ET. The 'crop' cover coefficient (Kc) method can provide accurate wetland ET estimates if calibrated for the environmental and climatic characteristics of a particular area. More complicated equations such as the Penman and Penman-Monteith equations also can be used to estimate wetland ET, but surface variability and lack of information on aerodynamic and surface resistances make use of such equations somewhat questionable. ?? 2004 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1462","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., Snyder, R., Spano, D., and Paw, U., 2004, A review of models and micrometeorological methods used to estimate wetland evapotranspiration: Hydrological Processes, v. 18, no. 11, p. 2071-2101, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1462.","startPage":"2071","endPage":"2101","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208541,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1462"}],"volume":"18","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e554e4b0c8380cd46cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, J.Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":54766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"J.Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, R.L.","contributorId":65644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spano, D.","contributorId":28413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spano","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paw, U.K.T.","contributorId":33498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paw","given":"U.K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026708,"text":"70026708 - 2004 - Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 2. Calibration of a groundwater-flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:33:07","indexId":"70026708","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 2. Calibration of a groundwater-flow model","docAbstract":"<p>The calibration of a groundwater model with the aid of hydrochemical data has demonstrated that low recharge rates in the Middle Rio Grande Basin may be responsible for a groundwater trough in the center of the basin and for a substantial amount of Rio Grande water in the regional flow system. Earlier models of the basin had difficulty reproducing these features without any hydrochemical data to constrain the rates and distribution of recharge. The objective of this study was to use the large quantity of available hydrochemical data to help calibrate the model parameters, including the recharge rates. The model was constructed using the US Geological Survey's software MODFLOW, MODPATH, and UCODE, and calibrated using 14C activities and the positions of certain flow zones defined by the hydrochemical data. Parameter estimation was performed using a combination of nonlinear regression techniques and a manual search for the minimum difference between field and simulated observations. The calibrated recharge values were substantially smaller than those used in previous models. Results from a 30,000-year transient simulation suggest that recharge was at a maximum about 20,000 years ago and at a minimum about 10,000 years ago.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-004-0326-4","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W., Plummer, N., McAda, D.P., Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm, S., 2004, Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 2. Calibration of a groundwater-flow model: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 12, no. 4, p. 389-407, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0326-4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208523,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0326-4"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":" Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.599609375,\n              22.917922936146045\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94335937499999,\n              22.917922936146045\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94335937499999,\n              36.1733569352216\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.599609375,\n              36.1733569352216\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.599609375,\n              22.917922936146045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3332e4b0c8380cd5edf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAda, D. P.","contributorId":93066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAda","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bexfield, L. M.","contributorId":36593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderholm, S. K.","contributorId":69149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026704,"text":"70026704 - 2004 - Formation of a paleothermal anomaly and disseminated gold deposits associated with the Bingham Canyon porphyry Cu-Au-Mo system, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026704","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of a paleothermal anomaly and disseminated gold deposits associated with the Bingham Canyon porphyry Cu-Au-Mo system, Utah","docAbstract":"The thermal history of the Oquirrh Mountains, Utah, indicates that hydrothermal fluids associated with emplacement of the 37 Ma Bingham Canyon porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit extended at least 10 km north of the Bingham pit. An associated paleothermal anomaly enclosed the Barneys Canyon and Melco disseminated gold deposits and several smaller gold deposits between them. Previous studies have shown the Barneys Canyon deposit is near the outer limit of an irregular distal Au-As geochemical halo, about 3 km beyond an intermediate Pb-Zn halo, and 7 km beyond a proximal pyrite halo centered on the Bingham porphyry copper deposit. The Melco deposit also lies near the outer limit of the Au-As halo. Analysis of several geothermometers from samples collected tip to 22 km north of the Bingham Canyon porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit indicate that most sedimentary rocks of the Oquirrh Mountains, including those at the gold deposits, have not been regionally heated beyond the \"oil window\" (less than about 150??C). For geologically reasonable heating durations, the maximum sustained temperature at Melco, 6 km north of the Bingham pit, and at Barneys Canyon, 7.5 km north of the pit, was between 100??C and 140??C, as indicated by combinations of conodont color alteration indices of 1.5 to 2, mean random solid bitumen reflectance of about 1.0 percent, lack of annealing of zircon fission tracks, and partial to complete annealing of apatite fission tracks. The pattern of reset apatite fission-track ages indicates that the gold deposits are located approximately on the 120??C isotherm of the 37 Ma paleothermal anomaly assuming a heating duration of about 106 years. The conodont data further constrain the duration of heating to between 5 ?? 104 and 106 years at approximately 120??C. The ??18O of quartzite host rocks generally increases from about 12.6 per mil at the porphyry to about 15.8 per mil approximately 11 km from the Bingham deposit. This change reflects interaction of interstitial clays in the quartzite with circulating meteoric water related to the Bingham Canyon porphyry system. The ??18O and ??13C values of limestone vary with respect to degree of recrystallization and proximity to open fractures. Recrystallized limestone at the Melco and Barneys Canyon gold deposits has the highest ??18O values (about 30???), whereas limestone adjacent to the porphyry copper deposit has the lowest values (about 10???). The high ??18O values for the recrystallized limestone at Barneys Canyon and Melco strongly suggest that mineralization was related to low temperature fluids with exceptionally high ??18OH2O values such as could be derived from water in a crater lake of an active volcano. The age of formation of the gold deposits has been interpreted to range from Jurassic to Eocene. The mineralized rocks at the Barneys Canyon and Melco deposits are likely the same age as the geochemically similar deposits that are present in north-striking, late faults that cut the Bingham Canyon porphyry. The patterns of apatite and zircon fission-track data, conodont color alteration indices, solid bitumen reflectivity, stable isotope data, and mineral zoning are consistent with the gold deposits being genetically related to formation of the 37 Ma Bingham porphyry deposit. We interpret the disseminated gold mineralization to be related to collapse of the Bingham Canyon hydrothermal system in which isotopically heavy, oxidizing, acidic waters, possibly from an internally draining acidic crater lake, mixed with and were entrained into reduced gold-bearing meteoric water fluids in the collapsing main-stage hydrothermal system. Most of this fluid mixing and cooling was probably located close to the hydrologic interface between the sedimentary basement rocks and overlying volcanic rocks. ??2004 by Economic Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/99.4.789","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, C.G., Austin, G., Naeser, C.W., Rye, R.O., Ballantyne, G., Stamm, R., and Barker, C., 2004, Formation of a paleothermal anomaly and disseminated gold deposits associated with the Bingham Canyon porphyry Cu-Au-Mo system, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 99, no. 4, p. 789-806, https://doi.org/10.2113/99.4.789.","startPage":"789","endPage":"806","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/99.4.789"},{"id":234251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a134de4b0c8380cd545d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, C. G.","contributorId":76741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"C.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austin, G.W.","contributorId":20947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ballantyne, G.H.","contributorId":17405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballantyne","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stamm, R.G.","contributorId":59476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barker, C.E.","contributorId":69991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70026685,"text":"70026685 - 2004 - Food web pathway determines how selenium affects aquatic ecosystems: A San francisco Bay case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T07:42:40","indexId":"70026685","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food web pathway determines how selenium affects aquatic ecosystems: A San francisco Bay case study","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chemical contaminants disrupt ecosystems, but specific effects may be under-appreciated when poorly known processes such as uptake mechanisms, uptake via diet, food preferences, and food web dynamics are influential. Here we show that a combination of food web structure and the physiology of trace element accumulation explain why some species in San Francisco Bay are threatened by a relatively low level of selenium contamination and some are not. Bivalves and crustacean zooplankton form the base of two dominant food webs in estuaries. The dominant bivalve&nbsp;</span><i>Potamocorbula amurensis</i><span>&nbsp;has a 10-fold slower rate constant of loss for selenium than do common crustaceans such as copepods and the mysid&nbsp;</span><i>Neomysis mercedis</i><span>&nbsp;(rate constant of loss,&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>e</sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.025, 0.155, and 0.25 d</span><sup>-1</sup><span>, respectively). The result is much higher selenium concentrations in the bivalve than in the crustaceans. Stable isotope analyses show that this difference is propagated up the respective food webs in San Francisco Bay. Several predators of bivalves have tissue concentrations of selenium that exceed thresholds thought to be associated with teratogenesis or reproductive failure (liver Se &gt;15 μg g</span><sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup><span>&nbsp;dry weight). Deformities typical of selenium-induced teratogenesis were observed in one of these species. Concentrations of selenium in tissues of predators of zooplankton are less than the thresholds. Basic physiological and ecological processes can drive wide differences in exposure and effects among species, but such processes are rarely considered in traditional evaluations of contaminant impacts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0499647","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Stewart, A., Luoma, S., Schlekat, C., Doblin, M., and Hieb, K., 2004, Food web pathway determines how selenium affects aquatic ecosystems: A San francisco Bay case study: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 17, p. 4519-4526, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0499647.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4519","endPage":"4526","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208435,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0499647"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12e6e4b0c8380cd54438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, A.R.","contributorId":20470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlekat, C.E.","contributorId":89683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlekat","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doblin, M.A.","contributorId":19345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doblin","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hieb, K.A.","contributorId":40771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hieb","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026681,"text":"70026681 - 2004 - Approaches to surface complexation modeling of Uranium(VI) adsorption on aquifer sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:00:04","indexId":"70026681","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches to surface complexation modeling of Uranium(VI) adsorption on aquifer sediments","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id16\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id17\"><p>Uranium(VI) adsorption onto aquifer sediments was studied in batch experiments as a function of pH and U(VI) and dissolved carbonate concentrations in artificial groundwater solutions. The sediments were collected from an alluvial aquifer at a location upgradient of contamination from a former uranium mill operation at Naturita, Colorado (USA). The ranges of aqueous chemical conditions used in the U(VI) adsorption experiments (pH 6.9 to 7.9; U(VI) concentration 2.5 · 10<sup>−8</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 1 · 10<sup>−5</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>M; partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas 0.05 to 6.8%) were based on the spatial variation in chemical conditions observed in 1999–2000 in the Naturita alluvial aquifer. The major minerals in the sediments were quartz, feldspars, and calcite, with minor amounts of magnetite and clay minerals. Quartz grains commonly exhibited coatings that were greater than 10 nm in thickness and composed of an illite-smectite clay with occluded ferrihydrite and goethite nanoparticles. Chemical extractions of quartz grains removed from the sediments were used to estimate the masses of iron and aluminum present in the coatings. Various surface complexation modeling approaches were compared in terms of the ability to describe the U(VI) experimental data and the data requirements for model application to the sediments. Published models for U(VI) adsorption on reference minerals were applied to predict U(VI) adsorption based on assumptions about the sediment surface composition and physical properties (e.g., surface area and electrical double layer). Predictions from these models were highly variable, with results overpredicting or underpredicting the experimental data, depending on the assumptions used to apply the model. Although the models for reference minerals are supported by detailed experimental studies (and in ideal cases, surface spectroscopy), the results suggest that errors are caused in applying the models directly to the sediments by uncertain knowledge of: 1) the proportion and types of surface functional groups available for adsorption in the surface coatings; 2) the electric field at the mineral-water interface; and 3) surface reactions of major ions in the aqueous phase, such as Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>, and organic acids. In contrast, a semi-empirical surface complexation modeling approach can be used to describe the U(VI) experimental data more precisely as a function of aqueous chemical conditions. This approach is useful as a tool to describe the variation in U(VI) retardation as a function of chemical conditions in field-scale reactive transport simulations, and the approach can be used at other field sites. However, the semi-empirical approach is limited by the site-specific nature of the model parameters.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.003","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Meece, D., Kohler, M., and Curtis, G., 2004, Approaches to surface complexation modeling of Uranium(VI) adsorption on aquifer sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 18, p. 3621-3641, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.003.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"3621","endPage":"3641","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208387,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.003"}],"volume":"68","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ece3e4b0c8380cd49538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meece, D.E.","contributorId":107893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meece","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kohler, M.","contributorId":32694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtis, G.P.","contributorId":65619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026676,"text":"70026676 - 2004 - Mechanisms of electron acceptor utilization: Implications for simulating anaerobic biodegradation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70026676","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms of electron acceptor utilization: Implications for simulating anaerobic biodegradation","docAbstract":"Simulation of biodegradation reactions within a reactive transport framework requires information on mechanisms of terminal electron acceptor processes (TEAPs). In initial modeling efforts, TEAPs were approximated as occurring sequentially, with the highest energy-yielding electron acceptors (e.g. oxygen) consumed before those that yield less energy (e.g., sulfate). Within this framework in a steady state plume, sequential electron acceptor utilization would theoretically produce methane at an organic-rich source and Fe(II) further downgradient, resulting in a limited zone of Fe(II) and methane overlap. However, contaminant plumes often display much more extensive zones of overlapping Fe(II) and methane. The extensive overlap could be caused by several abiotic and biotic processes including vertical mixing of byproducts in long-screened monitoring wells, adsorption of Fe(II) onto aquifer solids, or microscale heterogeneity in Fe(III) concentrations. Alternatively, the overlap could be due to simultaneous utilization of terminal electron acceptors. Because biodegradation rates are controlled by TEAPs, evaluating the mechanisms of electron acceptor utilization is critical for improving prediction of contaminant mass losses due to biodegradation. Using BioRedox-MT3DMS, a three-dimensional, multi-species reactive transport code, we simulated the current configurations of a BTEX plume and TEAP zones at a petroleum- contaminated field site in Wisconsin. Simulation results suggest that BTEX mass loss due to biodegradation is greatest under oxygen-reducing conditions, with smaller but similar contributions to mass loss from biodegradation under Fe(III)-reducing, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions. Results of sensitivity calculations document that BTEX losses due to biodegradation are most sensitive to the age of the plume, while the shape of the BTEX plume is most sensitive to effective porosity and rate constants for biodegradation under Fe(III)-reducing and methanogenic conditions. Using this transport model, we had limited success in simulating overlap of redox products using reasonable ranges of parameters within a strictly sequential electron acceptor utilization framework. Simulation results indicate that overlap of redox products cannot be accurately simulated using the constructed model, suggesting either that Fe(III) reduction and methanogenesis are occurring simultaneously in the source area, or that heterogeneities in Fe(III) concentration and/or mineral type cause the observed overlap. Additional field, experimental, and modeling studies will be needed to address these questions. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.01.004","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Schreiber, M., Carey, G., Feinstein, D.T., and Bahr, J., 2004, Mechanisms of electron acceptor utilization: Implications for simulating anaerobic biodegradation: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 73, no. 1-4, p. 99-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.01.004.","startPage":"99","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208410,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.01.004"},{"id":234144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a536ee4b0c8380cd6ca9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreiber, M.E.","contributorId":35920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carey, G.R.","contributorId":18938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feinstein, D. T.","contributorId":47328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinstein","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bahr, J.M.","contributorId":62346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahr","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026670,"text":"70026670 - 2004 - Sorption of <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc radiopharmaceutical compounds by soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T12:52:00","indexId":"70026670","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1884,"text":"Health Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc radiopharmaceutical compounds by soils","docAbstract":"Study of the sorption of 99mTc radiopharmaceutical compounds by soils has assessed the fate of these compounds in the event of a surface spill and examined the potential of these compounds as hydrologic tracers. Sorption from deionized water, filtered Missouri River water, and artificial seawater by five surface soils was investigated. For all water types, the Tc radiopharmaceutical compounds showed greater sorption than the uncomplexed pertechnetate. The most lipophilic complexes showed the highest sorption on soils.","language":"English","publisher":"OVID","doi":"10.1097/01.HP.0000128583.33124.7d","issn":"00179078","usgsCitation":"Jurisson, S., Gawenis, J., and Landa, E.R., 2004, Sorption of <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc radiopharmaceutical compounds by soils: Health Physics, v. 87, no. 4, p. 423-428, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HP.0000128583.33124.7d.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"428","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9311e4b08c986b31a283","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jurisson, S.","contributorId":66455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurisson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gawenis, J.","contributorId":56425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gawenis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026644,"text":"70026644 - 2004 - Relationships between wintering waterbirds and invertebrates, sediments and hydrology of coastal marsh ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T16:12:25.539122","indexId":"70026644","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between wintering waterbirds and invertebrates, sediments and hydrology of coastal marsh ponds","docAbstract":"<p>We studied relationships among sediment variables (carbon content, C:N, hardness, oxygen penetration, silt-clay fraction), hydrologic variables (dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, transparency, water depth), sizes and biomass of common invertebrate classes, and densities of 15 common waterbird species in ponds of impounded freshwater, oligohaline, mesohaline, and unimpounded mesohaline marshes during winters 1997-98 to 1999-2000 on Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana, USA. Canonical correspondence analysis and forward selection was used to analyze the above variables. Water depth and oxygen penetration were the variables that best segregated habitat characteristics that resulted in maximum densities of common waterbird species. Most common waterbird species were associated with specific marsh types, except Green-winged Teal (<i>Anas crecca</i>) and Northern Shoveler (<i>Anas clypeata</i>). We concluded that hydrologic manipulation of marsh ponds is the best way to manage habitats for these birds, if the hydrology can be controlled adequately.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0333:RBWWAI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bolduc, F., and Afton, A., 2004, Relationships between wintering waterbirds and invertebrates, sediments and hydrology of coastal marsh ponds: Waterbirds, v. 27, no. 3, p. 333-341, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0333:RBWWAI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"341","costCenters":[{"id":368,"text":"Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.89489746093751,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7960205078125,\n              29.642110767321984\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.66624450683594,\n              29.597341920567366\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.60444641113281,\n              29.581817412664453\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.56668090820312,\n              29.580025969598903\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.56118774414062,\n              29.70296446463708\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.89077758789062,\n              29.74947478464018\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.89489746093751,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa65ce4b0c8380cd84df5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolduc, F.","contributorId":76444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolduc","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026618,"text":"70026618 - 2004 - Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:11:33","indexId":"70026618","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>In extreme environments, retention of nutrients within stream ecosystems contributes to the persistence of aquatic biota and continuity of ecosystem function. In the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, many glacial meltwater streams flow for only 5–12 weeks a year and yet support extensive benthic microbial communities. We investigated NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>uptake and denitrification in Green Creek by analyzing small‐scale microbial mat dynamics in mesocosms and reach‐scale nutrient cycling in two whole‐stream NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>enrichment experiments. Nitrate uptake results indicated that microbial mats were nitrogen (N)‐limited, with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>uptake rates as high as 16 nmol N cm<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>h<sup>−1</sup>. Denitrification potentials associated with microbial mats were also as high as 16 nmol N cm<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>h<sup>−1</sup>. During two whole‐stream NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>−enrichment experiments, a simultaneous pulse of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>was observed in the stream water. The one‐dimensional solute transport model with inflow and storage was modified to simulate two storage zones: one to account for short time scale hydrologic exchange of stream water into and out of the benthic microbial mat, the other to account for longer time scale hydrologic exchange with the hyporheic zone. Simulations indicate that injected NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>was removed both in the microbial mat and in the hyporheic zone and that as much as 20% of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>that entered the microbial mat and hyporheic zone was transformed to NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>by dissimilatory reduction. Because of the rapid hydrologic exchange in microbial mats, it is likely that denitrification is limited either by biotic assimilation, reductase limitation, or transport limitation (reduced NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>is transported away from reducing microbes).</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1884","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Gooseff, M., McKnight, D.M., Runkel, R., and Duff, J., 2004, Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 49, no. 5, p. 1884-1895, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1884.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1884","endPage":"1895","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478143,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1884","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265984,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1884"}],"otherGeospatial":"McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica ","volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe97e4b0c8380cd4edef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":410215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026610,"text":"70026610 - 2004 - Calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for geochemical reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:12:26","indexId":"70026610","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for geochemical reactions","docAbstract":"<p>Theory is derived from the work of Urey (Urey H. C. [1947] The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>J. Chem. Soc</i>. 562–581) to calculate equilibrium constants commonly used in geochemical equilibrium and reaction-transport models for reactions of individual isotopic species. Urey showed that equilibrium constants of isotope exchange reactions for molecules that contain two or more atoms of the same element in equivalent positions are related to isotope fractionation factors by α = (K<sup>ex</sup>)<sup>1/n</sup>, where n is the number of atoms exchanged. This relation is extended to include species containing multiple isotopes, for example<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C<sup>16</sup>O<sup>18</sup>O and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>1</sup>H<sup>2</sup>H<sup>18</sup>O. The equilibrium constants of the isotope exchange reactions can be expressed as ratios of individual isotope equilibrium constants for geochemical reactions. Knowledge of the equilibrium constant for the dominant isotopic species can then be used to calculate the individual isotope equilibrium constants.</p><p>Individual isotope equilibrium constants are calculated for the reaction CO<sub>2g</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= CO<sub>2aq</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>for all species that can be formed from<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>12</sup>C,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>16</sup>O, and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O; for the reaction between<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>12</sup>C<sup>18</sup>O<sub>2aq</sub>and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>1</sup>H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O<sub>l</sub>; and among the various<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>1</sup>H,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup>H,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>16</sup>O, and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O species of H<sub>2</sub>O. This is a subset of a larger number of equilibrium constants calculated elsewhere (Thorstenson D. C. and Parkhurst D. L. [2002] Calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for implementation in geochemical models. Water-Resources Investigation Report 02-4172. U.S. Geological Survey). Activity coefficients, activity-concentration conventions for the isotopic variants of H<sub>2</sub>O in the solvent<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>1</sup>H<sub>2</sub><sup>16</sup>O<sub>l</sub>, and salt effects on isotope fractionation have been included in the derivations. The effects of nonideality are small because of the chemical similarity of different isotopic species of the same molecule or ion. The temperature dependence of the individual isotope equilibrium constants can be calculated from the temperature dependence of the fractionation factors.</p><p>The derivations can be extended to calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for ion pairs and equilibrium constants for isotopic species of other chemical elements. The individual isotope approach calculates the same phase isotopic compositions as existing methods, but also provides concentrations of individual species, which are needed in calculations of mass-dependent effects in transport processes. The equilibrium constants derived in this paper are used to calculate the example of gas-water equilibrium for CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in an acidic aqueous solution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2003.11.027","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Thorstenson, D., and Parkhurst, D., 2004, Calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for geochemical reactions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 11, p. 2449-2465, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.11.027.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2449","endPage":"2465","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208406,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2003.11.027"}],"volume":"68","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f303e4b0c8380cd4b552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorstenson, D.C.","contributorId":47377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorstenson","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, D.L.","contributorId":12474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026609,"text":"70026609 - 2004 - Ground water chlorinated ethenes in tree trunks: Case studies, influence of recharge, and potential degradation mechanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T16:58:20.710865","indexId":"70026609","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground water chlorinated ethenes in tree trunks: Case studies, influence of recharge, and potential degradation mechanism","docAbstract":"<p>Trichloroethene (TCE) was detected in cores of trees growing above TCE-contaminated ground at three sites: the Carswell Golf Course in Texas, Air Force Plant PJKS in Colorado, and Naval Weapons Station Charleston in South Carolina. This was true even when the depth to water was 7.9 m or when the contaminated aquifer was confined beneath <span>∼3</span> m of clay. Additional ground water contaminants detected in the tree cores were <i>cis</i>-1,2-dichloroethene at two sites and tetrachloroethene at one site. Thus, tree coring can be a rapid and effective means of locating shallow subsurface chlorinated ethenes and possibly identifying zones of active TCE dechlorination. Tree cores collected over time were useful in identifying the onset of ground water contamination. Several factors affecting chlorinated ethene concentrations in tree cores were identified in this investigation. The factors include ground water chlorinated ethene concentrations and depth to ground water contamination. In addition, differing TCE concentrations around the trunk of some trees appear to be related to the roots deriving water from differing areas. Opportunistic uptake of infiltrating rainfall can dilute prerain TCE concentrations in the trunk. TCE concentrations in core headspace may differ among some tree species. In some trees, infestation of bacteria in decaying heartwood may provide a TCE dechlorination mechanism within the trunk.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb01299.x","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D., Clinton, B., Vose, J., Casey, C., Harvey, G.J., and Bradley, P., 2004, Ground water chlorinated ethenes in tree trunks: Case studies, influence of recharge, and potential degradation mechanism: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 24, no. 3, p. 124-138, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb01299.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2aaae4b0c8380cd5b377","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, D.A.","contributorId":101691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clinton, B.D.","contributorId":10204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clinton","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vose, J.M.","contributorId":22539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vose","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casey, C.C.","contributorId":10206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harvey, G. J.","contributorId":72984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026595,"text":"70026595 - 2004 - Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution: Combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:51:49","indexId":"70026595","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution: Combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors","docAbstract":"<p>This study uses an extensive survey of herbicides in groundwater across the midwest United States to predict occurrences of a range of compounds across the region from a combination of their molecular properties and the properties of the catchment of a borehole. The study covers 100 boreholes and eight pesticides. For each of the boreholes its catchment the soil, land-use and aquifer properties were characterized. Discriminating boreholes where pollution occurred from those where no pollution occurred gave a model that was 74% correct with organic carbon content, percentage sand content and depth to the water table being significant properties of the borehole catchment. Molecular topological descriptors as well as <i>K</i><sub>oc</sub>, solubility and half-life were used to characterize each compound included in the study. Inclusion of molecular properties makes it possible to discriminate between occurrence and non-occurrence of each compound in each well. The best-fit model combines: organic carbon content, percentage sand content and depth to the water table with molecular descriptors representing molecular size, molecular branching and functional group composition of the herbicides.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.013","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Worrall, F., and Kolpin, D., 2004, Aquifer vulnerability to pesticide pollution: Combining soil, land-use and aquifer properties with molecular descriptors: Journal of Hydrology, v. 293, no. 1-4, p. 191-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.01.013.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502536,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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,{"id":70026583,"text":"70026583 - 2004 - Evaluating the source of streamwater nitrate using δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O in nitrate in two watersheds in New Hampshire, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-06T10:12:29","indexId":"70026583","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the source of streamwater nitrate using δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O in nitrate in two watersheds in New Hampshire, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The natural abundance of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate can be a powerful tool for identifying the source of nitrate in streamwater in forested watersheds, because the two main sources of nitrate, atmospheric deposition and microbial nitrification, have distinct &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values. Using a simple mixing model, we estimated the relative fractions in streamwater derived from these sources for two forested watersheds with markedly different streamwater nitrate outputs. In this study, we monitored &delta;<sup>15</sup>N and &delta;<sup>18</sup>O of nitrate biweekly in atmospheric deposition and in streamwater for 20 months at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA (moderate nitrogen export), and monthly in streamwater at the Bowl Research Natural Area, New Hampshire, USA (high nitrogen export). For rain, &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values ranged from +47 to +77&permil; (mean: +58&permil;) and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N from &minus;5 to +1&permil; (mean: &minus;3&permil;); for snow, &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values ranged from +52 to +75&permil; (mean: +67&permil;) and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N from &minus;3 to +2&permil; (mean: &minus;1&permil;). Streamwater nitrate, in contrast to deposition, had &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values between +12 and +33&permil; (mean: +18&permil;) and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N between &minus;3 and +6&permil; (mean: 0&permil;). Since nitrate produced by nitrification typically has &delta;<sup>18</sup>O values ranging from &minus;5 to +15&permil;, our field data suggest that most of the nitrate lost from the watersheds in streamflow was nitrified within the catchment. Our results confirm the importance of microbial nitrogen transformations in regulating nitrogen losses from forested ecosystems and suggest that hydrologic storage may be a factor in controlling catchment nitrate losses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.5576","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Pardo, L.H., Kendall, C., Pett-Ridge, J., and Chang, C.C., 2004, Evaluating the source of streamwater nitrate using δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O in nitrate in two watersheds in New Hampshire, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 18, no. 14, p. 2699-2712, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5576.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2699","endPage":"2712","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208536,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5576"}],"volume":"18","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c00e4b0c8380cd529b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pardo, Linda H.","contributorId":53243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardo","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pett-Ridge, Jennifer","contributorId":6726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pett-Ridge","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026576,"text":"70026576 - 2004 - The application of an integrated biogeochemical model (PnET-BGC) to five forested watersheds in the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70026576","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The application of an integrated biogeochemical model (PnET-BGC) to five forested watersheds in the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York","docAbstract":"PnET-BGC is an integrated biogeochemical model formulated to simulate the response of soil and surface waters in northern forest ecosystems to changes in atmospheric deposition and land disturbances. In this study, the model was applied to five intensive study sites in the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York. Four were in the Adirondacks: Constable Pond, an acid-sensitive watershed; Arbutus Pond, a relatively insensitive watershed; West Pond, an acid-sensitive watershed with extensive wetland coverage; and Willy's Pond, an acid-sensitive watershed with a mature forest. The fifth was Catskills: Biscuit Brook, an acid-sensitive watershed. Results indicated model-simulated surface water chemistry generally agreed with the measured data at all five sites. Model-simulated internal fluxes of major elements at the Arbutus watershed compared well with previously published measured values. In addition, based on the simulated fluxes, element and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) budgets were developed for each site. Sulphur budgets at each site indicated little retention of inputs of sulphur. The sites also showed considerable variability in retention of NO3-. Land-disturbance history and in-lake processes were found to be important in regulating the output of NO3- via surface waters. Deposition inputs of base cations were generally similar at these sites. Various rates of base cation outputs reflected differences in rates of base cation supply at these sites. Atmospheric deposition was found to be the largest source of acidity, and cation exchange, mineral weathering and in-lake processes served as sources of ANC. ?? 2004 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.5571","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"LiJun, C., Driscoll, C.T., Gbondo-Tugbawa, S., Mitchell, M., and Murdoch, P., 2004, The application of an integrated biogeochemical model (PnET-BGC) to five forested watersheds in the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York: Hydrological Processes, v. 18, no. 14, p. 2631-2650, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5571.","startPage":"2631","endPage":"2650","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5571"}],"volume":"18","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9c3e4b08c986b3224cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LiJun, Chen","contributorId":95241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LiJun","given":"Chen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gbondo-Tugbawa, S.","contributorId":84546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gbondo-Tugbawa","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, M.J.","contributorId":72940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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