{"pageNumber":"303","pageRowStart":"7550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10457,"records":[{"id":70022231,"text":"70022231 - 2000 - Katmai volcanic cluster and the great eruption of 1912","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-22T13:57:35.832482","indexId":"70022231","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Katmai volcanic cluster and the great eruption of 1912","docAbstract":"<p><span>In June 1912, the world's largest twentieth century eruption broke out through flat-lying sedimentary rocks of Jurassic age near the base of Trident volcano on the Alaska Peninsula. The 60 h ash-flow and Plinian eruptive sequence excavated and subsequently backfilled with ejecta a flaring funnel-shaped vent since called Novarupta. The vent is adjacent to a cluster of late Quaternary stratocones and domes that have released about 140 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of magma in the past 150 k.y. Although the 1912 vent is closest to the Trident group and is also close to Mageik and Griggs volcanoes, it was the summit of Mount Katmai, 10 km east of Novarupta, that collapsed during the eruption to form a 5.5 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;caldera. Many earthquakes, including 14 in the range M 6−7, took place during and after the eruption, releasing 250 times more seismic energy than the 1991 caldera-forming eruption of the Philippine volcano, Pinatubo. The contrast in seismic behavior may reflect the absence of older caldera faults at Mount Katmai, lack of upward (subsidence opposing) magma flow owing to lateral magma withdrawal in 1912, and the horizontally stratified structure of the thick shale-rich Mesozoic basement. The Katmai caldera compensates for only 40% of the 13 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of 1912 magma erupted, which included 7–8 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of slightly zoned high-silica rhyolite and 4.5 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of crystal-rich dacite that grades continuously into 1 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of crystal-rich andesite. We have now mapped, sampled, and studied the products of all 20 components of the Katmai volcanic cluster. Pyroxene dacite and silicic andesite predominate at all of them, and olivine andesite is also common at Griggs, Katmai, and Trident volcanoes, but basalt and rhyodacite have erupted only at Mount Katmai. Rhyolite erupted only in 1912 and is otherwise absent among Quaternary products of the cluster. Pleistocene products of Mageik and Trident and all products of Griggs are compositionally distinguishable from those of 1912 at Novarupta. Holocene products of Mount Martin and Trident are closer in composition to the andesite-dacite array of 1912, but they reveal consistent differences. The affinity of the 1912 suite is closest with the array of products erupted by the Southwest Katmai cone, the edifice that had produced the only pre-1912 rhyodacite as well as the largest prehistoric Plinian eruption in the cluster. It is doubtful that any 1912 magma had been stored beneath Novarupta or Trident, and there is no evidence that more than one magma chamber erupted in 1912. Despite a compositional gap separating the aphyric rhyolite from the very crystal-rich andesite-dacite continuum, isotopic and chemical affinities linking all the 1912 ejecta and the continuity of all those ejecta in magmatic temperature and oxygen fugacity suggest that the rhyolite originated principally by incremental upward expulsion of interstitial melt from subjacent andesite-dacite mush. A large reservoir of such hot crystal mush is required both as the residue of rhyolitic melt separation and as a proximate heat source to thermally sustain the nearly aphyric condition of the overlying rhyolite. A model is presented for a unitary zoned chamber beneath Mount Katmai.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1594:KVCATG>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., and Fierstein, J., 2000, Katmai volcanic cluster and the great eruption of 1912: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, no. 10, p. 1594-1620, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1594:KVCATG>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1594","endPage":"1620","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katmai volcanic cluster","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.0146484375,\n              54.380557368630654\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.97119140625,\n              54.265224078605684\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.58740234375,\n              54.635697306063854\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.08203125,\n              54.6992335284814\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.84033203125,\n              55.640398956687356\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.203125,\n              56.04749958329888\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.99462890624997,\n              56.49889156789072\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.55517578125,\n              56.8249328650072\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.93994140625,\n              57.350237477396824\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.86376953125,\n              58.57398108438837\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.94091796875,\n              58.722598828043374\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.11669921875,\n              59.153403092050375\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.02880859375,\n              59.77852198502987\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.3916015625,\n              60.511343283202464\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.5234375,\n              60.76989094827323\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.97412109375,\n              61.18562468142281\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.70947265625,\n              61.30190220337445\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.75341796875,\n              60.27251459483244\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.84130859375,\n              59.366793908532124\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.91796874999997,\n              58.92733441827545\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.24755859375,\n              58.33256713195789\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.91748046875,\n              57.53941679447497\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.73046875,\n              57.16007826737998\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.14794921875,\n              56.8729956637964\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.46630859375,\n              56.353077613860826\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.64208984375,\n              56.108810038002154\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.52099609375,\n              56.03522578369872\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.24609375,\n              55.801280971180454\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.70751953125,\n              55.441479359140686\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.63037109375,\n              55.141209644495056\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.64111328125,\n              54.95238569063361\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.03662109375,\n              54.67383096593114\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.0146484375,\n              54.380557368630654\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a406ae4b0c8380cd64d3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fierstein, J.","contributorId":67666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022600,"text":"70022600 - 2000 - The enigma of the Arthur's Pass, New Zealand, earthquake: 1. Reconciling a variety of data for an unusual earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T15:41:27.128063","indexId":"70022600","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The enigma of the Arthur's Pass, New Zealand, earthquake: 1. Reconciling a variety of data for an unusual earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"<p>The 1994 Arthur's Pass earthquake (<i>M</i><sub>W</sub>6.7) is the largest in a recent sequence of earthquakes in the central South Island, New Zealand. No surface rupture was observed, the aftershock distribution was complex, and routine methods of obtaining the faulting orientation of this earthquake proved contradictory. We use a range of data and techniques to obtain our preferred solution, which has a centroid depth of 5 km, M<sub>0</sub>=1.3 × 10<sup>19</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>N m, and a strike, dip, and rake of 221°, 47°, 112°, respectively. Discrepancies between this solution and the Harvard centroid moment tensor, together with the Global Positioning System (GPS) observations and unusual aftershock distribution, suggest that the rupture may not have occurred on a planar fault. A second, strike slip, subevent on a more northerly striking plane is suggested by these data but neither the body wave modeling nor regional broadband recordings show any complexity or late subevents. We relocate the aftershocks using both one-dimensional and three-dimensional velocity inversions. The depth range of the aftershocks (1–10 km) agrees well with the preferred mainshock centroid depth. The aftershocks near the hypocenter suggest a structure dipping toward the NW, which we interpret to be the mainshock fault plane. This structure and the Harper fault, ∼15 km to the south, appear to have acted as boundaries to the extensive aftershock zone trending NNW-SSE. Most of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>L</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>≥ 5 aftershocks, including the two largest (<i>M</i><sub>L</sub>6.1 and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>L</sub></i>5.7), clustered near the Harper fault and have strike slip mechanisms consistent with motion on this fault and its conjugates. Forward modeling of the GPS data suggests that a reverse slip mainshock, combined with strike slip aftershock faulting in the south, is able to match the observed displacements. The occurrence of this earthquake sequence implies that the level of seismic hazard in the central South Island is greater than previous estimates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB900008","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Abercrombie, R., Webb, T., Robinson, R., McGinty, P., Mori, J., and Beavan, R., 2000, The enigma of the Arthur's Pass, New Zealand, earthquake: 1. Reconciling a variety of data for an unusual earthquake sequence: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 105, no. B7, p. 16119-16137, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900008.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"16119","endPage":"16137","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","city":"Arthur's Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              171.54052734375,\n              -43.075910014569686\n            ],\n            [\n              171.61331176757812,\n              -43.0427981227017\n            ],\n            [\n              171.67648315429688,\n              -43.01870551582463\n      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      ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babcce4b08c986b3230a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abercrombie, R.E.","contributorId":57611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abercrombie","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, T.H.","contributorId":58804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, R.","contributorId":99694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGinty, P.J.","contributorId":63983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGinty","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mori, J.J.","contributorId":32546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beavan, R.J.","contributorId":9028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beavan","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022648,"text":"70022648 - 2000 - Lithofacies identification using multiple adaptive resonance theory neural networks and group decision expert system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70022648","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithofacies identification using multiple adaptive resonance theory neural networks and group decision expert system","docAbstract":"Lithofacies identification supplies qualitative information about rocks. Lithofacies represent rock textures and are important components of hydrocarbon reservoir description. Traditional techniques of lithofacies identification from core data are costly and different geologists may provide different interpretations. In this paper, we present a low-cost intelligent system consisting of three adaptive resonance theory neural networks and a rule-based expert system to consistently and objectively identify lithofacies from well-log data. The input data are altered into different forms representing different perspectives of observation of lithofacies. Each form of input is processed by a different adaptive resonance theory neural network. Among these three adaptive resonance theory neural networks, one neural network processes the raw continuous data, another processes categorial data, and the third processes fuzzy-set data. Outputs from these three networks are then combined by the expert system using fuzzy inference to determine to which facies the input data should be assigned. Rules are prioritized to emphasize the importance of firing order. This new approach combines the learning ability of neural networks, the adaptability of fuzzy logic, and the expertise of geologists to infer facies of the rocks. This approach is applied to the Appleton Field, an oil field located in Escambia County, Alabama. The hybrid intelligence system predicts lithofacies identity from log data with 87.6% accuracy. This prediction is more accurate than those of single adaptive resonance theory networks, 79.3%, 68.0% and 66.0%, using raw, fuzzy-set, and categorical data, respectively, and by an error-backpropagation neural network, 57.3%. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00010-8","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Chang, H., Kopaska-Merkel, D., Chen, H., and Rocky, D.S., 2000, Lithofacies identification using multiple adaptive resonance theory neural networks and group decision expert system: Computers & Geosciences, v. 26, no. 5, p. 591-601, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00010-8.","startPage":"591","endPage":"601","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208281,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00010-8"},{"id":233922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4839e4b0c8380cd67ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, H.-C.","contributorId":80463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"H.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kopaska-Merkel, D. C.","contributorId":21314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopaska-Merkel","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, H.-C.","contributorId":9815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"H.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rocky, Durrans S.","contributorId":94827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocky","given":"Durrans","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022685,"text":"70022685 - 2000 - Meter-Scale Characteristics of Martian Channels and Valleys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70022685","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meter-Scale Characteristics of Martian Channels and Valleys","docAbstract":"Mars Global Surveyor images, with resolutions as high as 1.5 m pixel, enable characterization of martian channels and valleys at resolutions one to two orders of magnitude better than was previously possible. A major surprise is the near-absence of valleys a few hundred meters wide and narrower. The almost complete absence of fine-scale valleys could be due to lack of precipitation, destruction of small valleys by erosion, or dominance of infiltration over surface runoff. V-shaped valleys with a central channel, such as Nanedi Vallis, provide compelling evidence for sustained or episodic flow of water across the surface. Larger valleys appear to have formed not by headward erosion as a consequence of groundwater sapping but by erosion from water sources upstream of the observed sections. The freshest appearing valleys have triangular cross sections, with talus from opposing walls meeting at the center of the valley. The relations suggest that the width of the valleys is controlled by the depth of incision and the angle of repose of the walls. The flat floors of less fresh-appearing valleys result primarily from later eolian fill. Several discontinuous valleys and lines of craters suggest massive subsurface solution or erosion. The climatic implications of the new images will remain obscure until the cause for the scarcity of fine-scale dissection is better understood. ?? 2000 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.2000.6428","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., and Malin, M.C., 2000, Meter-Scale Characteristics of Martian Channels and Valleys: Icarus, v. 146, no. 2, p. 366-386, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2000.6428.","startPage":"366","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2000.6428"}],"volume":"146","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a551ee4b0c8380cd6d126","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malin, M. C.","contributorId":68830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015967,"text":"1015967 - 2000 - Field evaluation of lead effects on Canada geese and mallards in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T12:33:10","indexId":"1015967","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field evaluation of lead effects on Canada geese and mallards in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Hatch year (HY) mallards (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Anas platyrhynchos</i>) in the Coeur d'Alene (CDA) River Basin had higher concentrations of lead in their blood than HY Western Canada geese (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Branta canadensis moffitti</i>) (geometric means 0.98 versus 0.28 μg/g, wet weight). The pattern for adults of both species was similar, although geometric means (1.77 versus 0.41 μg/g) were higher than in HY birds. HY mallards captured in the CDA River Basin in 1987 contained significantly lower lead concentrations in their blood than in 1994–95 (0.36 versus 0.98 μg/g); however, some very young mallards were sampled in 1987, and concentrations in adults were not significantly different in 1987, 1994, or 1995 (1.52, 2.07, 1.55 μg/g, respectively). Both species in the CDA River Basin in 1994–95 showed significantly reduced red blood cell delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity compared to the reference areas: Canada geese (HY −65.4 to −86.0%, adults −82.3%), and mallards (HY −90.7 to −95.5%, adults −94.1%). Canada goose goslings were divided into size classes, and the two smaller classes from the CDA River Basin had significantly elevated free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (protoporphyrin) levels compared to the reference area (15.2× and 6.9×). HY and adult mallards both had significantly elevated protoporphyrin (5.9× and 7.5×). Recognizing that interspecific differences exist in response and sensitivity to lead, it appears (at least for hemoglobin and hematocrit) that Canada geese were more sensitive to lead than mallards, <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">i.e</i>., adverse hematologic effects occur at lower blood lead concentrations. Only Canada geese from the CDA River Basin, in spite of lower blood lead concentrations, had significantly reduced mean hemoglobin and hematocrit values. No euthanized Canada geese (all HYs) from CDA River Basin were classified as clinically lead poisoned, but 38 Canada geese found dead in the CDA River Basin during a concurrent study succumbed to lead poisoning between 1992 and 1997. Only 6 (15.8%) of these 38 contained ingested lead shot, which contrasts greatly with the 75–94% incidence of ingested lead shot when mortality was due to lead shot ingestion. Lead from other contaminated sources (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">i.e</i>., sediments and vegetation) in the CDA River Basin was strongly implicated in most Canada goose deaths. Based on the 31 live mallards and Canada geese collected in the CDA River Basin, which were representative of the live populations blood sampled only, the prevalence of subclinical and clinical lead poisoning (as determined by liver lead concentrations, excluding birds with ingested lead shot) was higher in mallards: subclinical (4 of 8, 50% HYs and 6 of 11, 55% adults); clinical (0% HYs and 4 of 11, 36% adults), with less data available for Canada geese (only 1 of 9, 11% HYs marginally subclinical). The clinically lead-poisoned mallards had extremely high concentrations of lead in blood (2.69–8.82 μg/g) and liver (6.39–17.89 μg/g). Eight mallards found dead in the CDA River Basin during a concurrent study were diagnosed as lead poisoned, and only one (12.5%) contained ingested lead shot, which again strongly implicates other lead sources. The finding of dead lead poisoned Canada geese together with the high percentage of live mallards classified as subclinically or clinically lead poisoned, in combination with the low incidence of ingested lead shot causes us concern for both of these species, which live in association with lead-contaminated sediment in the CDA River Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010085","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Blus, L.J., Hoffman, D.J., Sileo, L., Audet, D.J., and Snyder, M.R., 2000, Field evaluation of lead effects on Canada geese and mallards in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 39, no. 1, p. 97-112, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010085.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Cour d'Alene River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.11700439453125,\n              47.84450101574877\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1307373046875,\n              46.837649560937464\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.510009765625,\n              46.568302354495195\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.94696044921875,\n              46.470024689385305\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.949951171875,\n              46.604167162931844\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.89501953124999,\n              46.78501604269254\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.37841796874999,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.4498291015625,\n              47.45780853075031\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.77392578125,\n              47.787325537803106\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.99914550781249,\n              47.89424772020999\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3067626953125,\n              47.99359789867388\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6912841796875,\n              47.98256841921402\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.11700439453125,\n              47.84450101574877\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8c6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Audet, Daniel J.","contributorId":106851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Audet","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snyder, Mark R.","contributorId":36526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023224,"text":"70023224 - 2000 - Preliminary report on the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector mine, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-12T17:22:05.36156","indexId":"70023224","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary report on the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector mine, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"<div id=\"12216409\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake occurred at<span>&nbsp;</span><i>9:46</i><span>&nbsp;</span>GMT on 16 October 1999. The event caused minimal damage because it was located in a remote, sparsely populated part of the Mojave Desert, approximately 47 miles east-southeast of Barstow, with epicentral coordinates 34.59°N 116.27°W and a hypocentral depth of 5 ± 3 km. Twelve foreshocks,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;</span>1.9-3.8, preceded the mainshock during the previous twelve hours. All of these events were located close to the hypocenter of the mainshock.</p></div><div id=\"12216410\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>The Hector Mine earthquake occurred within the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ). By virtue of its remote location, the societal impact of the Hector Mine earthquake was, fortunately, minimal in spite of the event's appreciable size. The ECSZ is characterized by high seismicity, a high tectonic strain rate, and a broad, distributed zone of north-northwest-trending faults (ECSZ;<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-reveal link-table xref-fig\" data-open=\"FIG1\">Figure 1</a>;<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF7\">Dokka and Travis, 1990</a>;<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF20\">Sauber<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.,</i><span>&nbsp;</span>1986</a>;<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF21\">Sauber<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.,</i><span>&nbsp;</span>1994</a>;<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF22\">Sieh<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.,</i><span>&nbsp;</span>1993</a>). Data regarding the slip rates of faults within the ECSZ suggest that on the order of 15% of the Pacific-North American plate motion occurs along this zone (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF20\">Sauber<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.,</i><span>&nbsp;</span>1986</a>;<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF28\">Wesnousky, 1986</a>). Most of the faults in the ECSZ have low slip rates and long repeat times for major earthquakes, on the order of several thousands to tens of thousands of years. The occurrence of the Hector Mine earthquake within seven years and only about 30 km east of the 1992<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>w</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>7.3 Landers earthquake suggests that the closely spaced surface faults in the ECSZ are mechanically related.</p></div><div id=\"12216411\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>The Hector Mine event involved rupture on two previously mapped fault zones—the Bullion Fault and an unnamed, more northerly-trending fault that is informally referred to in this paper as the Lavic Lake Fault (Dibblee,<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF4\">1966</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF5\">1967a</a>,<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF6\">b</a>). Traces of the Bullion Fault exhibit evidence of Holocene displacement and were zoned as active in 1988 under California's Mquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF11\">Hart and Bryant, 1997</a>). The pattern of rupture along more than one named fault was also observed from the 1992 Landers earthquake (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF12\">Hauksson<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.,</i><span>&nbsp;</span>1993</a>; Sieh<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.,</i><span>&nbsp;</span>1994).</p></div><div id=\"12216412\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Much of the fault zone that produced the Hector Mine earthquake had been buried by relatively young stream deposits, and the fault scarps in bedrock have a subdued morphology. It appears that these faults have not experienced significant offset for perhaps 10,000 years or more (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"REF10\">Hart, 1987</a>). Planned future investigations will refine the age of the last event on these faults. The portion of the Lavic Lake Fault that ruptured between the northern end of the Bullion Mountains and Lavic Lake had not previously been mapped. However, our field investigations have identified ancient, subdued fault scarps along portions of the 1999 rupture zone in this area. It thus appears that the entire segment of the Lavic Lake Fault that was involved in the 1999 event had ruptured in the past. As is typical for most faults within the Eastern California Shear Zone, the rate of movement along the Lavic Lake Fault may be quite slow (&lt;1 mm/yr) and should produce earthquakes only infrequently. This event is a reminder that faults that have ruptured in late Quaternary time, but that lack evidence of Holocene displacement, can still produce earthquakes in this low-slip-rate tectonic setting.</p></div><div id=\"12216413\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Additionally, the Hector Mine earthquake is noteworthy for a couple of other reasons. First, it clearly produced triggered seismicity over much of southern California, from the rupture zone toward the south-southwest in particular. Second, as we will discuss, the event may provide new data and insight into recently developed paradigms concerning earthquake interactions and the role of static stress changes.</p></div><div id=\"12216414\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Questions such as these will, of course, be the subject of extensive detailed analyses in years to come. Fortunately, the Hector Mine sequence will provide one of the best data sets obtained to date for a significant earthquake in the United States. Because it occurred when major upgrades to both the regional seismic network (TriNet) and the regional geodetic network (SCIGN) were well underway, the Earth science community will have abundant high-quality data with which to explore the important and interesting questions that have been raised. In this paper, we present and discuss the basic data and preliminary results from the Hector Mine earthquake.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.71.1.11","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Behr, J., Bryant, B., Given, D., Gross, K., Hafner, K., Hardebeck, J., Hauksson, E., Heaton, T., Hough, S., Hudnut, K., Hutton, K., Jones, L., Kanamori, H., Kendrick, K., King, N., Maechling, P., Meltzner, A., Ponti, D., Rockwell, T., Shakal, A., Simons, M., Stark, K., Wald, D., Wald, L., and Zhu, L., 2000, Preliminary report on the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector mine, California, earthquake: Seismological Research Letters, v. 71, no. 1, p. 11-23, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.71.1.11.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131120-102150806","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hector Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.0703125,\n              34.175453097578526\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.631103515625,\n              34.175453097578526\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.631103515625,\n              35.21420969483077\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.0703125,\n              35.21420969483077\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.0703125,\n              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K.","contributorId":68251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hafner, K.","contributorId":7879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafner","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hardebeck, J.","contributorId":99738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hauksson, E.","contributorId":10932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauksson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Heaton, 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L.","contributorId":26084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kanamori, H.","contributorId":55438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kendrick, K.","contributorId":35907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"King, N.","contributorId":14925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Maechling, P.","contributorId":102666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maechling","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Meltzner, A.","contributorId":94821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meltzner","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Ponti, D.","contributorId":39549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Rockwell, Thomas","contributorId":58810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Shakal, A.","contributorId":20934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shakal","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Simons, M.","contributorId":14610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Stark, K.","contributorId":92000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Wald, D. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":37866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Wald, L.","contributorId":64845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Zhu, L.","contributorId":58055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25}]}}
,{"id":70023223,"text":"70023223 - 2000 - Monitoring hydrilla using two RAPD procedures and the nonindigenous aquatic species database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T13:29:10","indexId":"70023223","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2180,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring hydrilla using two RAPD procedures and the nonindigenous aquatic species database","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle), an invasive aquatic weed, continues to spread to new regions in the United States. Two biotypes, one a female dioecious and the other monoecious have been identified. Management of the spread of hydrilla requires understanding the mechanisms of introduction and transport, an ability to map and make available information on distribution, and tools to distinguish the known U.S. biotypes as well as potential new introductions. Review of the literature and discussions with aquatic scientists and resource managers point to the aquarium and water garden plant trades as the primary past mechanism for the regional dispersal of hydrilla while local dispersal is primarily carried out by other mechanisms such as boat traffic, intentional introductions, and waterfowl. The Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database is presented as a tool for assembling, geo-referencing, and making available information on the distribution of hydrilla. A map of the current range of dioecious and monoecious hydrilla by drainage is presented. Four hydrilla samples, taken from three discrete, non-contiguous regions (Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Washington State) were examined using two RAPD assays. The first, generated using primer Operon G17, and capable of distinguishing the dioecious and monoecious U.S. biotypes, indicated all four samples were of the monoecious biotype. Results of the second assay using the Stoffel fragment and 5 primers, produced 111 markers, indicated that these samples do not represent new foreign introductions. The differences in the monoecious and dioecious growth habits and management are discussed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Aquatic Plant Management Society","issn":"01466623","usgsCitation":"Madeira, P.T., Jacono, C., and Van, T.K., 2000, Monitoring hydrilla using two RAPD procedures and the nonindigenous aquatic species database: Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, v. 38, p. 33-40.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://apms.org/2000/12/journal-of-aquatic-plant-management-volume-38-2000-2/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      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-123.33251953125,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5db3e4b0c8380cd70539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madeira, Paul T.","contributorId":39743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madeira","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacono, C.C.","contributorId":32879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacono","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van, Thai K.","contributorId":83483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van","given":"Thai","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023154,"text":"70023154 - 2000 - Modeling sand bank formation around tidal headlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T10:41:54","indexId":"70023154","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3160,"text":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling sand bank formation around tidal headlands","docAbstract":"Sandbanks are often found in the vicinity of coastal headlands around which tidal flows are strong enough to generate significant tidally-forced residual eddies, typically with scales of 2-10 km. One popular hypothesis is that these sandbanks are generated by a 'tidal stirring' mechanism in which the inward-directed pressure gradient associated with these residual eddies produces an inward-directed movement of sand near the seabed. This hypothesis predicts asymmetric sandbank formation when planetary vorticity is significant compared to the relative vorticity of the residual eddies. This mechanism is tested with a numerical sediment transport model, using idealized symmetrical coastline geometry and tidal forcing that represents conditions similar to regions where these tidal headland sandbanks are known to occur. For both suspended and bedload simulations, we find that nearly symmetric sandbanks form, and that the sediment transport patterns that are responsible for building and maintaining the banks are due more the patterns of shear stress and sediment flux that occur over the course of the tidal cycle rather than to the characteristics of the tidally-averaged residual fields. We also find that sediment supply can be an important factor in controlling the nature of the resulting sandbanks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Estuarine Coastal Modeling","conferenceDate":"3 November 1999 through 5 November 1999","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., and Harris, C.K., 2000, Modeling sand bank formation around tidal headlands: Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, p. 209-222.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"222","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c26e4b0c8380cd6fa96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Courtney K.","contributorId":19620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6708,"text":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022517,"text":"70022517 - 2000 - Gap analysis: Concepts, methods, and recent results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022517","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gap analysis: Concepts, methods, and recent results","docAbstract":"Rapid progress is being made in the conceptual, technical, and organizational requirements for generating synoptic multi-scale views of the earth's surface and its biological content. Using the spatially comprehensive data that are now available, researchers, land managers, and land-use planners can, for the first time, quantitatively place landscape units - from general categories such as 'Forests' or 'Cold-Deciduous Shrubland Formation' to more categories such as 'Picea glauca-Abies balsamea-Populus spp. Forest Alliance' - in their large-area contexts. The National Gap Analysis Program (GAP) has developed the technical and organizational capabilities necessary for the regular production and analysis of such information. This paper provides a brief overview of concepts and methods as well as some recent results from the GAP projects. Clearly, new frameworks for biogeographic information and organizational cooperation are needed if we are to have any hope of documenting the full range of species occurrences and ecological processes in ways meaningful to their management. The GAP experience provides one model for achieving these new frameworks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1008184408300","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M., 2000, Gap analysis: Concepts, methods, and recent results: Landscape Ecology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 5-20, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008184408300.","startPage":"5","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206732,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008184408300"},{"id":230652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14b6e4b0c8380cd54b21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, M.D.","contributorId":53976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022519,"text":"70022519 - 2000 - 10,000 Years of explosive eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central Java: archaeological and modern implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T12:36:34","indexId":"70022519","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"10,000 Years of explosive eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central Java: archaeological and modern implications","docAbstract":"<p>Stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating of pyroclastic deposits at Merapi Volcano, Central Java, reveals ~10,000 years of explosive eruptions. Highlights include:</p>\n<br/> \n<p>(1) Construction of an Old Merapi stratovolcano to the height of the present cone or slightly higher. Our oldest age for an explosive eruption is 9630±60 <sup>14</sup>C y B.P.; construction of Old Merapi certainly began earlier. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>(2) Collapse(s) of Old Merapi that left a somma rim high on its eastern slope and sent one or more debris avalanche(s) down its southern and western flanks. Impoundment of Kali Progo to form an early Lake Borobudur at ~3400 <sup>14</sup>C y B.P. hints at a possible early collapse of Merapi. The latest somma-forming collapse occurred ~1900 <sup>14</sup>C y B.P. The current cone, New Merapi, began to grow soon thereafter. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>(3) Several large and many small Buddhist and Hindu temples were constructed in Central Java between 732 and ~900 A.D. (roughly, 1400-1000 <sup>14</sup>C y B.P.). Explosive Merapi eruptions occurred before, during and after temple construction. Some temples were destroyed and (or) buried soon after their construction, and we suspect that this destruction contributed to an abrupt shift of power and organized society to East Java in 928 A.D. Other temples sites, though, were occupied by \"caretakers\" for several centuries longer. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>(4) A partial collapse of New Merapi occurred <1130±50 <sup>14</sup>C y B.P. Eruptions ~700-800 <sup>14</sup>C y B.P. (12-14th century A.D.) deposited ash on the floors of (still-occupied?) Candi Sambisari and Candi Kedulan. We speculate but cannot prove that these eruptions were triggered by (the same?) partial collapse of New Merapi, and that the eruptions, in turn, ended \"caretaker\" occupation at Candi Sambisari and Candi Kedulan. A new or raised Lake Borobudur also existed during part or all of the 12-14th centuries, probably impounded by deposits from Merapi. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>(5) Relatively benign lava-dome extrusion and dome-collapse pyroclastic flows have dominated activity of the 20th century, but explosive eruptions much larger than any of this century have occurred many times during Merapi's history, most recently during the 19th century. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Are the relatively small eruptions of the 20th century a new style of open-vent, less hazardous activity that will persist for the foreseeable future? Or, alternatively, are they merely low-level \"background\" activity that could be interrupted upon relatively short notice by much larger explosive eruptions? The geologic record suggests the latter, which would place several hundred thousand people at risk. We know of no reliable method to forecast when an explosive eruption will interrupt the present interval of low-level activity. This conclusion has important implications for hazard evaluation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00132-3","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Newhall, C.G., Bronto, S., Alloway, B., Banks, N., Bahar, I., Marmol, D., Hadisantono, R., Holcomb, R.T., McGeehin, J., Miksic, J., Rubin, M., Sayudi, S., Sukhyar, R., Andreastuti, S., Tilling, R., Torley, R., Trimble, D., and Wirakusumah, A., 2000, 10,000 Years of explosive eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central Java: archaeological and modern implications: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 100, no. 1-4, p. 9-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00132-3.","startPage":"9","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280148,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00132-3"}],"volume":"100","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e220e4b0c8380cd45995","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newhall, C. G.","contributorId":93056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bronto, S.","contributorId":65633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronto","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alloway, B.","contributorId":11367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alloway","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banks, N.G.","contributorId":60635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bahar, I.","contributorId":51492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahar","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marmol, Del","contributorId":16184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marmol","given":"Del","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hadisantono, R.D.","contributorId":61056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hadisantono","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Holcomb, R. T.","contributorId":99146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McGeehin, J.","contributorId":49554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miksic, J.N.","contributorId":103029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miksic","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rubin, M.","contributorId":88079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sayudi, S.D.","contributorId":86519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayudi","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sukhyar, R.","contributorId":19326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sukhyar","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Andreastuti, Supriyati","contributorId":82087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreastuti","given":"Supriyati","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Tilling, R.I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":98311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"R.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Torley, R.","contributorId":37106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Trimble, D.","contributorId":22934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wirakusumah, A.D.","contributorId":77321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirakusumah","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70022192,"text":"70022192 - 2000 - Stable isotope systematics of sulfate minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T19:03:02.20853","indexId":"70022192","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope systematics of sulfate minerals","docAbstract":"<p>Stable isotope studies of sulfate minerals are especially useful for unraveling the geochemical history of geological systems. All sulfate minerals can yield sulfur and oxygen isotope data. Hydrous sulfate minerals, such as gypsum, also yield oxygen and hydrogen isotope data for the water of hydration, and more complex sulfate minerals, such as alunite and jarosite also yield oxygen and hydrogen isotope data from hydroxyl sites. Applications of stable isotope data can be divided into two broad categories: geothermometry and tracer studies. The equilibrium partitioning of stable isotopes between two substances, such as the isotopes of sulfur between barite and pyrite, is a function of temperature. Studies can also use stable isotopes as a tracer to fingerprint various sources of hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and to identify physical and chemical processes such as evaporation of water, mixing of waters, and reduction of sulfate to sulfide.</p><p>Studies of sulfate minerals range from low-temperature surficial processes associated with the evaporation of seawater to form evaporite deposits to high-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal processes associated with the formation of base-and precious-metal deposits. Studies have been conducted on scales from submicroscopic chemical processes associated with the weathering of pyrite to global processes affecting the sulfur budget of the oceans. Sulfate isotope studies provide important information to investigations of energy and mineral resources, environmental geochemistry, paleoclimates, oceanography (past and present), sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic processes, Earth systems, geomicrobiology, and hydrology.</p><p>One of the most important aspects of understanding and interpreting the stable isotope characteristics of sulfate minerals is the complex interplay between equilibrium and kinetic chemical and isotopic processes. With few exceptions, sulfate minerals are precipitated from water or have extensively interacted with water at some time in their history. Because of this nearly ubiquitous association with water, the kinetics of isotopic exchange reactions among dissolved species and solids are fundamental in dictating the isotopic composition of sulfate minerals. In general, the heavier isotope of sulfur is enriched in the higher oxidation state, such that under equilibrium conditions, sulfate minerals (e.g. barite, anhydrite) are expected to be enriched in the heavy isotope relative to disulfide minerals (e.g. pyrite, marcasite), which in turn are expected to be enriched relative to monosulfide minerals (e.g. pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena) (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"sakai-1968\">Sakai 1968</a>,<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"bachinski-1969\">Bachinski 1969</a>). The kinetics of isotopic exchange among minerals with sulfur at the same oxidation state, such as sphalerite, and galena, are such that equilibrium is commonly observed. In contrast, isotopic equilibrium for exchange reactions between minerals of different oxidation states depends on factors such as the pH, time and temperature of reaction, the direction of reaction, fluid composition, and the presence or absence of catalysts (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"ohmoto-and-lasaga-1982\">Ohmoto and Lasaga 1982</a>). The kinetics of oxygen isotope exchange between dissolved sulfate and water are extremely sluggish. Extrapolation of the high-temperature (100 to 300°C) isotopic exchange kinetic data of<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"chiba-and-sakai-1985\">Chiba and Sakai (1985)</a><span>&nbsp;</span>to ambient temperatures suggests that it would take several billions of years for dissolved sulfate and seawater to reach oxygen isotopic equilibrium. In contrast, the residence time of sulfate in the oceans is only 7.9 million years (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"holland-1978\">Holland 1978</a>). However, at higher temperatures (&gt;200°C), oxygen isotopic exchange is sufficiently rapid to permit application of sulfate isotope geothermometry to geothermal systems and hydrothermal mineral deposits. In general, equilibrium prevails at low pH and high temperatures, whereas kinetic factors preclude equilibrium at low temperatures even at low pH. Thus, the sluggish kinetics of sulfur and oxygen isotope exchange reaction at low temperatures impair the use of these isotopes to understand the conditions of formation of sulfate minerals in these environments. However, because of these slow kinetics, the oxygen and sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfate minerals may preserve a record of the sources and processes that initially produced the dissolved sulfate, because the isotope ratios may not re-equilibrate during fluid transport and mineral precipitation.</p><p>The first part of this chapter is designed to provide the reader with a basic understanding of the principles that form the foundations of stable isotope geochemistry. Next, an overview of analytical methods used to determine the stable isotope composition of sulfate minerals is presented. This overview is followed by a discussion of geochemical processes that determine the stable isotope characteristics of sulfate minerals and related compounds. The chapter then concludes with an examination of the stable isotope systematics of sulfate minerals in a variety of geochemical environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2000.40.12","issn":"15296466","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., Alpers, C.N., and Rye, R.O., 2000, Stable isotope systematics of sulfate minerals: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 40, no. 1, p. 541-602, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2000.40.12.","productDescription":"62 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"602","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b967fe4b08c986b31b54d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R.  II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":149066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R. ","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013233,"text":"1013233 - 2000 - Mechanisms of population differentiation in marbled murrelets: historical versus contemporary processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-11T15:57:13","indexId":"1013233","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1598,"text":"Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms of population differentiation in marbled murrelets: historical versus contemporary processes","docAbstract":"<p>Mechanisms of population differentiation in highly vagile species such as seabirds are poorly understood. Previous studies of marbled murrelets (<i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i>; Charadriiformes: Alcidae) found significant population genetic structure, but could not determine whether this structure is due to historical vicariance (e.g., due to Pleistocene glaciers), isolation by distance, drift or selection in peripheral populations, or nesting habitat selection. To discriminate among these possibilities, we analyzed sequence variation in nine nuclear introns from 120 marbled murrelets sampled from British Columbia to the western Aleutian Islands. Mismatch distributions indicated that murrelets underwent at least one population expansion during the Pleistocene and probably are not in genetic equilibrium. Maximum-likelihood analysis of allele frequencies suggested that murrelets from 'mainland' sites (from the Alaskan Peninsula east) are genetically different from those in the Aleutians and that these two lineages diverged prior to the last glaciation. Analyses of molecular variance, as well as estimates of gene flow derived using coalescent theory, indicate that population genetic structure is best explained by peripheral isolation of murrelets in the Aleutian Islands, rather than by selection associated with different nesting habitats. No isolation-by-distance effects could be detected. Our results are consistent with a rapid expansion of murrelets from a single refugium during the early-mid Pleistocene, subsequent isolation and divergence in two or more refugia during the final Pleistocene glacial advance, and secondary contact following retreat of the ice sheets. Population genetic structure now appears to be maintained by distance effects combined with small populations and a highly fragmented habitat in the Aleutian Islands.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for the Study of Evolution","doi":"10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[0974:MOPDIM]2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Congdon, B., Piatt, J.F., Martin, K., and Friesen, V.L., 2000, Mechanisms of population differentiation in marbled murrelets: historical versus contemporary processes: Evolution, v. 54, no. 3, p. 974-986, https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[0974:MOPDIM]2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"974","endPage":"986","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611f50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Congdon, B.C.","contributorId":55397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Congdon","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Kathy","contributorId":13478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Kathy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friesen, Vicki L.","contributorId":59407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friesen","given":"Vicki","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174039,"text":"70174039 - 2000 - Trophic ecology of largemouth bass and northern pike in allopatric and sympatric assemblages in northern boreal lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:58:56","indexId":"70174039","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic ecology of largemouth bass and northern pike in allopatric and sympatric assemblages in northern boreal lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Largemouth bass (</span><i>Micropterus</i><span>&nbsp;</span><i>salmoides</i><span>) and northern pike (</span><i>Esox</i><span>&nbsp;</span><i>lucius</i><span>) are top predators in the food chain in most aquatic environments that they occupy; however, limited information exists on species interactions in the northern reaches of largemouth bass distribution. We investigated the seasonal food habits of allopatric and sympatric assemblages of largemouth bass and northern pike in six interior lakes within Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. Percentages of empty stomachs were variable for largemouth bass (38-54%) and northern pike (34.7-66.7%). Fishes (mainly yellow perch,&nbsp;</span><i>Perca</i><span>&nbsp;</span><i>flavescens</i><span>) comprised greater than 60% (mean percent mass, MPM) of the northern pike diet during all seasons in both allopatric and sympatric assemblages. Aquatic insects (primarily Odonata and Hemiptera) were important in the diets of largemouth bass in all communities (0.0-79.7 MPM). Although largemouth bass were observed in the diet of northern pike, largemouth bass apparently did not prey on northern pike. Seasonal differences were observed in the proportion of aquatic insects (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.010) and fishes (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.023) in the diets of northern pike and largemouth bass. Based on three food categories, jackknifed classifications correctly classified 77 and 92% of northern pike and largemouth bass values, respectively. Percent resource overlap values were biologically significant (greater than 60%) during at least one season in each sympatric assemblage, suggesting some diet overlap.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z00-126","usgsCitation":"Soupir, C.A., Brown, M., and Kallemeyn, L.W., 2000, Trophic ecology of largemouth bass and northern pike in allopatric and sympatric assemblages in northern boreal lakes: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 78, no. 10, p. 1759-1766, https://doi.org/10.1139/z00-126.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1759","endPage":"1766","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Parks","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.1585693359375,\n              48.61656946813302\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.03497314453125,\n              48.61747733567233\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.92785644531249,\n              48.60658184761339\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.73834228515625,\n              48.53479452317522\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.63946533203124,\n              48.53843177405044\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.62985229492188,\n              48.506596968085894\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.6971435546875,\n              48.49840764096436\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.713623046875,\n              48.468368787493915\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.69577026367188,\n              48.451976459625996\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.66006469726562,\n              48.439223211480595\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.53921508789062,\n              48.44560023585716\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.51174926757812,\n              48.44560023585716\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4774169921875,\n              48.424644149283594\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.45407104492188,\n              48.41097247934197\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.47467041015625,\n              48.34712273417819\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.46368408203125,\n              48.30146673770983\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.52410888671875,\n              48.30146673770983\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75344848632812,\n              48.37723330604312\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.96768188476561,\n              48.398208936781806\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.04733276367188,\n              48.43011178780492\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.10775756835936,\n              48.486576276944774\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22860717773438,\n              48.47747334905567\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.18603515624999,\n              48.61293783470649\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1585693359375,\n              48.61656946813302\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576d0839e4b07657d1a37594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soupir, Craig A.","contributorId":172411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soupir","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Michael L.","contributorId":171903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kallemeyn, Larry W.","contributorId":53320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kallemeyn","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022522,"text":"70022522 - 2000 - Debris flow monitoring in the Acquabona watershed on the Dolomites (Italian Alps)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T18:05:08.732868","indexId":"70022522","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3068,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Debris flow monitoring in the Acquabona watershed on the Dolomites (Italian Alps)","docAbstract":"<p id=\"SP0005\">In 1997 a field monitoring system was installed in Acquabona Creek in the Dolomites (Eastern Italian Alps) to observe the hydrologic conditions for debris flow occurrence and some dynamic properties of debris flow. The monitoring system consists of three remote stations: an upper one located at the head of a deeply-incised channel and two others located downstream. The system is equipped with sensors for measuring rainfall, pore pressures in the mobile channel bottom, ground vibrations, debris flow depth, total normal stress and fluid pore-pressure at the base of the flow. Two video cameras record events at the upper channel station and one video is installed at the lowermost station. During summer 1998, three debris flows (volumes from less than 1000 m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>up to 9000 m<sup>3</sup>) occurred at Acquabona. The following results were obtained from a preliminary analysis of the data: 1) All of the flows were triggered by rainfalls of less than 1 hour duration, with peak rainfall intensities ranging from 4.8 to 14.7 mm / 10 minute. 2) Debris flows initiated in several reaches of the channel, including the head of the talus slope. 3) The initial surges of the mature flows had a higher solid concentration and a lower velocity (up to 4 m/s) than succeeding, more dilute surges (more than 7 m/s). 4) Total normal stress and pore fluid pressures measured at the base of the flow. (mean depth about 1.1 m) were similar (about 15 kPa), indicating a completely liquefied flow. 5) Peak flows entrained debris at a rate of about 6 m 3/m of channel length and channel bed scouring was proportional to the local slope gradient and was still evident in the lower channel where the slope was 7°.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00090-3","issn":"14641909","usgsCitation":"Berti, M., Genevois, R., LaHusen, R., Simoni, A., and Tecca, P., 2000, Debris flow monitoring in the Acquabona watershed on the Dolomites (Italian Alps): Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, v. 25, no. 9, p. 707-715, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00090-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"715","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Acquabona Creek, Alps, Boite River, Dolomites","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              12.126502990722656,\n              46.48231911886259\n            ],\n            [\n              12.214393615722654,\n              46.48231911886259\n            ],\n            [\n              12.214393615722654,\n              46.521784367720734\n            ],\n            [\n              12.126502990722656,\n              46.521784367720734\n            ],\n            [\n              12.126502990722656,\n              46.48231911886259\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdf0e4b0c8380cd4ea0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berti, M.","contributorId":22935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berti","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Genevois, R.","contributorId":48728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genevois","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaHusen, R.","contributorId":7446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simoni, A.","contributorId":25319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simoni","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tecca, P.R.","contributorId":24123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tecca","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022521,"text":"70022521 - 2000 - Assessing sorbent injection mercury control effectiveness in flue gas streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022521","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1560,"text":"Environmental Progress","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing sorbent injection mercury control effectiveness in flue gas streams","docAbstract":"One promising approach for removing mercury from coal-fired, utility flue gas involves the direct injection of mercury sorbents. Although this method has been effective at removing mercury in municipal waste incinerators, tests conducted to date on utility coal-fired boilers show that mercury removal is much more difficult in utility flue gas. EPRI is conducting research to investigate mercury removal using sorbents in this application. Bench-scale, pilot-scale, and field tests have been conducted to determine the ability of different sorbents to remove mercury in simulated and actual flue gas streams. This paper focuses on recent bench-scale and field test results evaluating the adsorption characteristics of activated carbon and fly ash and the use of these results to develop a predictive mercury removal model. Field tests with activated carbon show that adsorption characteristics measured in the lab agree reasonably well with characteristics measured in the field. However, more laboratory and field data will be needed to identify other gas phase components which may impact performance. This will allow laboratory tests to better simulate field conditions and provide improved estimates of sorbent performance for specific sites. In addition to activated carbon results, bench-scale and modeling results using fly ash are presented which suggest that certain fly ashes are capable of adsorbing mercury.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Progress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AIChE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","doi":"10.1002/ep.670190309","issn":"02784491","usgsCitation":"Carey, T., Richardson, C.F., Chang, R., Meserole, F., Rostam-Abadi, M., and Chen, S., 2000, Assessing sorbent injection mercury control effectiveness in flue gas streams: Environmental Progress, v. 19, no. 3, p. 167-174, https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.670190309.","startPage":"167","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206758,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.670190309"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede1e4b0c8380cd49a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carey, T.R.","contributorId":88894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, C. F.","contributorId":33862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, R.","contributorId":16175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meserole, F.B.","contributorId":42746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meserole","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rostam-Abadi, M.","contributorId":37061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostam-Abadi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, S.","contributorId":7856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022818,"text":"70022818 - 2000 - Occurrence of cotton herbicides and insecticides in playa lakes of the High Plains of West Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T10:01:24","indexId":"70022818","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of cotton herbicides and insecticides in playa lakes of the High Plains of West Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the summer of 1997, water samples were collected and analyzed for pesticides from 32 playa lakes of the High Plains that receive drainage from both cotton and corn agriculture in West Texas. The major cotton herbicides detected in the water samples were diuron, fluometuron, metolachlor, norflurazon, and prometryn. Atrazine and propazine, corn and sorghum herbicides, were also routinely detected in samples from the playa lakes. Furthermore, the metabolites of all the herbicides studied were found in the playa lake samples. In some cases, the concentration of metabolites was equal to or exceeded the concentration of the parent compound. The types of metabolites detected suggested that the parent compounds had been transported to and had undergone degradation in the playa lakes. The types of metabolites and the ratio of metabolites to parent compounds may be useful in indicating the time that the herbicides were transported to the playa lakes. The median concentration of total herbicides was 7.2 μg/l, with the largest total concentrations exceeding 30 μg/l. Organophosphate insecticides were detected in only one water sample. Further work will improve the understanding of the fate of these compounds in the playa lake area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00542-2","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., Bastian, K., and Mollhagen, T., 2000, Occurrence of cotton herbicides and insecticides in playa lakes of the High Plains of West Texas: Science of Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 189-200, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00542-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"200","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208246,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00542-2"}],"volume":"248","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6be2e4b0c8380cd74935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bastian, K.C.","contributorId":83694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bastian","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mollhagen, T.","contributorId":34693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mollhagen","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022792,"text":"70022792 - 2000 - Changes in herbicide concentrations in Midwestern streams in relation to changes in use, 1989-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T10:00:50","indexId":"70022792","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in herbicide concentrations in Midwestern streams in relation to changes in use, 1989-1998","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water samples were collected from Midwestern streams in 1994–1995 and 1998 as part of a study to help determine if changes in herbicide use resulted in changes in herbicide concentrations since a previous reconnaissance study in 1989–1990. Sites were sampled during the first significant runoff period after the application of pre-emergent herbicides in 1989–1990, 1994–1995, and 1998. Samples were analyzed for selected herbicides, two atrazine metabolites, three cyanazine metabolites, and one alachlor metabolite. In the Midwestern USA, alachlor use was much greater in 1989 than in 1995, whereas acetochlor was not used in 1989 but was commonly used in 1995. The use of atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor was approximately the same in 1989 and 1995. The median concentrations of atrazine, alachlor, cyanazine, and metolachlor were substantially higher in 1989–1990 than in 1994–1995 or 1998. The median acetochlor concentration was higher in 1998 than in 1994 or 1995.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00547-1","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Scribner, E., Battaglin, W., Goolsby, D.A., and Thurman, E., 2000, Changes in herbicide concentrations in Midwestern streams in relation to changes in use, 1989-1998: Science of Total Environment, v. 248, no. 2-3, p. 255-263, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00547-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"263","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00547-1"}],"volume":"248","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f418e4b0c8380cd4bb2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, E.A.","contributorId":50925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022745,"text":"70022745 - 2000 - Fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging endangered 'Alala from Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T15:04:17","indexId":"70022745","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging endangered 'Alala from Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>The &lsquo;Alala (<i>Corvus hawaiiensis</i>) is the most endangered corvid in the world, and intensive efforts are being made to reintroduce it to its former native range in Hawaii. We diagnosed <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in five free-ranging &lsquo;Alala. One &lsquo;Alala, recaptured from the wild because it was underweight and depressed, was treated with diclazuril (10 mg/kg) orally for 10 days. Antibodies were measured before and after treatment by the modified agglutination test (MAT) using whole <i>T. gondii</i> tachyzoites fixed in formalin and mercaptoethanol. The MAT titer decreased four-fold from an initial titer of 1:1,600 with remarkable improvement in physical condition. Lesions of toxoplasmosis also were seen in two partially scavenged carcasses and in a third fresh intact carcass. <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> was confirmed immunohistochemically by using anti-<i>T. gondii</i> specific serum. The organism was also cultured by bioassay in mice from tissues of one of these birds and the brain of a fifth &lsquo;Alala that did not exhibit lesions. The life cycle of the parasite was experimentally completed in cats. This is the first record of toxoplasmosis in &lsquo;Alala, and the parasite appears to pose a significant threat and management challenge to reintroduction programs for &lsquo;Alala in Hawaii.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.205","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Massey, J.G., Rideout, B.A., Gardiner, C.H., Ledig, D.B., Kwok, O.C., and Dubey, J., 2000, Fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging endangered 'Alala from Hawaii: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 36, no. 2, p. 205-212, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.205.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.205","text":"Publisher Index 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Gregory","contributorId":101054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rideout, Bruce A.","contributorId":90912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rideout","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardiner, Chris H.","contributorId":74920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardiner","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ledig, David B.","contributorId":27645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ledig","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kwok, O. C. H.","contributorId":83891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kwok","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dubey, J. P.","contributorId":80609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubey","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1017141,"text":"1017141 - 2000 - Ecology and biology of paddlefish in North America: historical perspectives, management approaches, and research priorities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T14:26:25.002968","indexId":"1017141","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology and biology of paddlefish in North America: historical perspectives, management approaches, and research priorities","docAbstract":"<p>Paddlefish (<i>Polyodon spathula</i>, Polyodontidae)are large, mostly-riverine fish that once were abundant in medium- to large-sized river systems throughout much of the central United States. Concern for paddlefish populations has grown from a regional fisheries issue to one of national importance for the United States. In 1989, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) was petitioned to list paddlefish as a federally threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. The petition was not granted, primarily because of a lack of empirical data on paddlefish population size, age structure, growth, or harvest rates across the present 22-state range. Nonetheless, concern for paddlefish populations prompted the USFWS to recommend that paddlefish be protected through the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The addition of paddlefish to Appendix II of CITES, which was approved in March 1992, provides a mechanism to curtail illegal trade in paddlefish and their parts and supports a variety of conservation plans. Paddlefish populations have been negatively affected by overharvest, river modifications, and pollution, but the paddlefish still occupies much of its historic range and most extant populations seem to be stable. Although many facets of paddlefish biology and ecology are well understood, the lack of information on larval and juvenile ecology, mechanisms that determine recruitment, population size and vital rates, interjurisdictional movements, and the effects of anthropogenic activities present significant obstacles for managing paddlefish populations. Questions about the size and structure of local populations, and how such populations are affected by navigation traffic, dams, and pollution are regarded as medium priority areas for future research. The availability of suitable spawning habitat and overall reproductive success in impounded rivers are unknown and represent critical areas for future research. Research on reproductive and recruitment success in impounded rivers have significant implications for managing paddlefish, as rivers are modified further for human use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1016633604301","usgsCitation":"Jennings, C.A., and Zigler, S.J., 2000, Ecology and biology of paddlefish in North America: historical perspectives, management approaches, and research priorities: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 10, no. 2, p. 167-181, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016633604301.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"181","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627b53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zigler, Stephen J.","contributorId":77472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022689,"text":"70022689 - 2000 - Channel stability downstream from a dam assessed using aerial photographs and stream-gage information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-25T16:14:56.496379","indexId":"70022689","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel stability downstream from a dam assessed using aerial photographs and stream-gage information","docAbstract":"The stability of the Neosho River channel downstream from John Redmond Dam, in southeast Kansas, was investigated using multiple-date aerial photographs and stream-gage information. Bankfull channel width was used as the primary indicator variable to assess pre- and post-dam channel change. Five six-mile river reaches and four stream gages were used in the analysis. Results indicated that, aside from some localized channel widening, the overall channel change has been minor with little post-dam change in bankfull channel width. The lack of a pronounced postdam channel change may be attributed to a substantial reduction in the magnitude of the post-dam annual peak discharges in combination with the resistance to erosion of the bed and bank materials. Also, the channel may have been overwidened by a series of large floods that predated construction of the dam, including one with an estimated 500-year recurrence interval.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA, United States","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04293.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2000, Channel stability downstream from a dam assessed using aerial photographs and stream-gage information: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 3, p. 633-645, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04293.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"633","endPage":"645","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"John Redmond Dam, Neosho River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.6142578125,\n              36.99597205450302\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6142578125,\n              37.400710068740565\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.08941650390625,\n              37.88786039168385\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.6689453125,\n              38.4428334985915\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.21826171874999,\n              38.406253794852674\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.592041015625,\n              37.688167468408025\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.46844482421875,\n              37.32867264506217\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.25421142578125,\n              36.99597205450302\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6142578125,\n              36.99597205450302\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f45ae4b0c8380cd4bca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022678,"text":"70022678 - 2000 - Responses of stable bay-margin and barrier-island systems to Holocene sea-level highstands, western Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T13:38:19","indexId":"70022678","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of stable bay-margin and barrier-island systems to Holocene sea-level highstands, western Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The microtidal, wave-dominated coast of the western Gulf of Mexico displays a variety of Holocene geomorphic features indicating higher-than-present water levels that were previously attributed to storm processes while geoidal sea level was at its present position. Field and aerial-photograph examinations of bay margins, barrier islands, and beach-ridge plains following major hurricanes show that the elevated features are inundated periodically by high storm surge. Despite their inundation, these highstand features are not modified by modern storm processes. Instead, storm-related erosion and deposition are always seaward of and lower than the highstand features and are always limited to the extant shorezone, where elevations typically are less than 1.5 m above present sea level.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Bay-margin and lagoonal highstand indicators include raised marshes and subtidal flats, wave-cut benches, abandoned wave-cut scarps with fringing marshes and/or beach ridges, and accretionary islands and recurved spits. Other emergent marine features include abandoned compound flood-tidal delta and washover fan complexes attached to barrier islands and anomalously high beach ridges within both the barrier-island complexes and beach-ridge plains. The highest beach ridges, raised marshes and flats, and erosional scarps and benches are manifestations of one or more rising phases and highstands in sea level, whereas the lower marshes and accretionary topography are mainly products of the falling phases and shoreface adjustment to present sea level.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Different elevations of beach-ridge sets, discordant truncation of beach ridges, and elevated marine- and brackish-water faunal assemblages preserved in beach ridges, raised marshes and flats, and natural levees are compelling evidence of sea-level fluctuations of ±1 to 1.5 m from about 5500 to 1200 cal yr BP. Independent evidence from studies of geodynamic, climatic, and glacio-eustatic processes can explain the mid-Holocene highstands and late Holocene lowering of sea level that is observed in tectonically stable coastal regions far from former centers of glaciation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/2DC40921-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D","issn":"10731318","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Paine, J.G., and Blum, M.D., 2000, Responses of stable bay-margin and barrier-island systems to Holocene sea-level highstands, western Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 70, no. 3, p. 478-490, https://doi.org/10.1306/2DC40921-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D.","startPage":"478","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278543,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/2DC40921-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaaabe4b0c8380cd86478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paine, Jeffrey G.","contributorId":107071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paine","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blum, Michael D.","contributorId":60821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022640,"text":"70022640 - 2000 - Numerical model of frazil ice and suspended sediment concentrations and formation of sediment laden ice in the Kara Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T09:47:34","indexId":"70022640","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical model of frazil ice and suspended sediment concentrations and formation of sediment laden ice in the Kara Sea","docAbstract":"<p><span>A one-dimensional (vertical) numerical model of currents, mixing, frazil ice concentration, and suspended sediment concentration has been developed and applied in the shallow southeastern Kara Sea. The objective of the calculations is to determine whether conditions suitable for turbid ice formation can occur during times of rapid cooling and wind- and wave-induced sediment resuspension. Although the model uses a simplistic approach to ice particles and neglects ice-sediment interactions, the results for low-stratification, shallow (∼20-m) freeze-up conditions indicate that the coconcentrations of frazil ice and suspended sediment in the water column are similar to observed concentrations of sediment in turbid ice. This suggests that wave-induced sediment resuspension is a viable mechanism for turbid ice formation, and enrichment mechanisms proposed to explain the high concentrations of sediment in turbid ice relative to sediment concentrations in underlying water may not be necessary in energetic conditions. However, salinity stratification found near the Ob' and Yenisey Rivers damps mixing between ice-laden surface water and sediment-laden bottom water and probably limits incorporation of resuspended sediment into turbid ice until prolonged or repeated wind events mix away the stratification. Sensitivity analyses indicate that shallow (≤20 m), unstratified waters with fine bottom sediment (settling speeds of ∼1 mm s</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>or less) and long open water fetches (&gt;25 km) are ideal conditions for resuspension.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2000JC900037","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., 2000, Numerical model of frazil ice and suspended sediment concentrations and formation of sediment laden ice in the Kara Sea: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 105, no. C6, p. 14061-14080, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC900037.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"14061","endPage":"14080","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Kara Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              57.39257812499999,\n              71.01695975726373\n            ],\n            [\n              71.806640625,\n              72.97118902284586\n            ],\n            [\n              80.068359375,\n              73.52839948765174\n            ],\n            [\n              85.78125,\n              74.1160468394894\n            ],\n            [\n              91.0546875,\n              75.73730278940474\n            ],\n            [\n              99.580078125,\n              76.434603583513\n            ],\n            [\n              101.77734374999999,\n              77.23507365492469\n            ],\n            [\n              102.48046875,\n              78.06198918665974\n            ],\n            [\n              99.66796875,\n              78.04379507197984\n            ],\n            [\n              99.66796875,\n              78.78489872650539\n            ],\n            [\n              96.064453125,\n              78.83606545333527\n            ],\n            [\n              91.40625,\n              79.74993207509453\n            ],\n            [\n              77.783203125,\n              78.18858618658851\n            ],\n            [\n              68.203125,\n              76.39331166244496\n            ],\n            [\n              60.90820312499999,\n              75.07300992968266\n            ],\n            [\n              56.07421875,\n              72.84202111045995\n            ],\n            [\n              57.39257812499999,\n              71.01695975726373\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"C6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68f2e4b0c8380cd73aa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022623,"text":"70022623 - 2000 - A field technique for estimating aquifer parameters using flow log data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T07:27:11","indexId":"70022623","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A field technique for estimating aquifer parameters using flow log data","docAbstract":"A numerical model is used to predict flow along intervals between producing zones in open boreholes for comparison with measurements of borehole flow. The model gives flow under quasi-steady conditions as a function of the transmissivity and hydraulic head in an arbitrary number of zones communicating with each other along open boreholes. The theory shows that the amount of inflow to or outflow from the borehole under any one flow condition may not indicate relative zone transmissivity. A unique inversion for both hydraulic-head and transmissivity values is possible if flow is measured under two different conditions such as ambient and quasi-steady pumping, and if the difference in open-borehole water level between the two flow conditions is measured. The technique is shown to give useful estimates of water levels and transmissivities of two or more water-producing zones intersecting a single interval of open borehole under typical field conditions. Although the modeling technique involves some approximation, the principle limit on the accuracy of the method under field conditions is the measurement error in the flow log data. Flow measurements and pumping conditions are usually adjusted so that transmissivity estimates are most accurate for the most transmissive zones, and relative measurement error is proportionately larger for less transmissive zones. The most effective general application of the borehole-flow model results when the data are fit to models that systematically include more production zones of progressively smaller transmissivity values until model results show that all accuracy in the data set is exhausted.A numerical model is used to predict flow along intervals between producing zones in open boreholes for comparison with measurements of borehole flow. The model gives flow under quasi-steady conditions as a function of the transmissivity and hydraulic head in an arbitrary number of zones communicating with each other along open boreholes. The theory shows that the amount of inflow to or outflow from the borehole under any one flow condition may not indicate relative zone transmissivity. A unique inversion for both hydraulic-head and transmissivity values is possible if flow is measured under two different conditions such as ambient and quasi-steady pumping, and if the difference in open-borehole water level between the two flow conditions is measured. The technique is shown to give useful estimates of water levels and transmissivities of two or more water-producing zones intersecting a single interval of open borehole under typical field conditions. Although the modeling technique involves some approximation, the principle limit on the accuracy of the method under field conditions is the measurement error in the flow log data. Flow measurements and pumping conditions are usually adjusted so that transmissivity estimates are most accurate for the most transmissive zones, and relative measurement error is proportionately larger for less transmissive zones. The most effective general application of the borehole-flow model results when the data are fit to models that symmetrically include more production zones of progressively smaller transmissivity values until model results show that all accuracy in the data set is exhausted.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00243.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 2000, A field technique for estimating aquifer parameters using flow log data: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 4, p. 510-521, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00243.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"510","endPage":"521","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3d6e4b0c8380cd4624d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022592,"text":"70022592 - 2000 - Problems associated with estimating ground water discharge and recharge from stream-discharge records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T16:28:24.053881","indexId":"70022592","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Problems associated with estimating ground water discharge and recharge from stream-discharge records","docAbstract":"Ground water discharge and recharge frequently have been estimated with hydrograph-separation techniques, but the critical assumptions of the techniques have not been investigated. The critical assumptions are that the hydraulic characteristics of the contributing aquifer (recession index) can be estimated from stream-discharge records; that periods of exclusively ground water discharge can be reliably identified; and that stream-discharge peaks approximate the magnitude and tinting of recharge events. The first assumption was tested by estimating the recession index from st earn-discharge hydrographs, ground water hydrographs, and hydraulic diffusivity estimates from aquifer tests in basins throughout the eastern United States and Montana. The recession index frequently could not be estimated reliably from stream-discharge records alone because many of the estimates of the recession index were greater than 1000 days. The ratio of stream discharge during baseflow periods was two to 36 times greater than the maximum expected range of ground water discharge at 12 of the 13 field sites. The identification of the ground water component of stream-discharge records was ambiguous because drainage from bank-storage, wetlands, surface water bodies, soils, and snowpacks frequently exceeded ground water discharge and also decreased exponentially during recession periods. The timing and magnitude of recharge events could not be ascertained from stream-discharge records at any of the sites investigated because recharge events were not directly correlated with stream peaks. When used alone, the recession-curve-displacement method and other hydrograph-separation techniques are poor tools for estimating ground water discharge or recharge because the major assumptions of the methods are commonly and grossly violated. Multiple, alternative methods of estimating ground water discharge and recharge should be used because of the uncertainty associated with any one technique.","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Westerville, OH, United States","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00218.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Halford, K.J., and Mayer, G., 2000, Problems associated with estimating ground water discharge and recharge from stream-discharge records: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 3, p. 331-342, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00218.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"342","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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States\"}}]}","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8cd2e4b0c8380cd7e8e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, K. J. 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":61077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, G.C.","contributorId":73206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022559,"text":"70022559 - 2000 - Atrazine adsorption and colloid-facilitated transport through the unsaturated zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T10:49:37","indexId":"70022559","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atrazine adsorption and colloid-facilitated transport through the unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"<p>One explanation for unexpectedly widespread ground water contamination from atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) may be the occurrence of colloid-facilitated transport, whereby the dissolved herbicide becomes adsorbed to mobile colloids that migrate through preferential flow-paths in the soil zone and into the ground water. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of adsorpton of atrazine to bulk soil and to soil colloids and to determine the extent of colloid-facilitated transport of atrazine at a field site in Virginia during simulated rainfall events. Equilibrium batch adsorption experiments were performed over a concentration range of 0.05 to 10.0 mg atrazine L-1 on bulk soil samples and on colloidal suspensions of 75 mg L-1, a concentration comparable with those observed at the field site. Linear partition coefficients ranged from 0.496 to 2.48 L kg-1 for the bulk soil and from 70.8 to 832 L kg-1 for the soil colloids. In the field, gravity lysimeters were insured at a depth of 25 cm below the surface of six 0.25-m2 undisturbed plots. Mass recovery of surface-applied atrazine in the lysimeters was not significantly affected by rainfall rate and was, on average, 2.7% for plots receiving 25 mm h-1 simulated rainfall and 3.6% for plots receiving 50 mm h-1 simulated rainfall. Of the total atrazine collected in the lysimeters, the fraction that was colloid-associated ranged from 4.9 to 30% (mean of 15%), indicating that a measurable portion of mobile atrazine is transported via association with colloids.One explanation for unexpectedly widespread ground water contamination from atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) may be the occurrence of colloid-facilitated transport, whereby the dissolved herbicide becomes adsorbed to mobile colloids that migrate through preferential flow-paths in the soil zone and into the ground water. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of adsorption of atrazine to bulk soil and to soil colloids and to determine the extent of colloid-facilitated transport of atrazine at a field site in Virginia during simulated rainfall events. Equilibrium batch adsorption experiments were performed over a concentration range of 0.05 to 10.0 mg atrazine L-1 on bulk soil samples and on colloidal suspensions of 75 mg L-1, a concentration comparable with those observed at the field site. Linear partition coefficients ranged from 0.496 to 2.48 L kg-1 for the bulk soil and from 70.8 to 832 L kg-1 for the soil colloids. In the field, gravity lysimeters were installed at a depth of 25 cm below the surface of six 0.25-m2 undisturbed plots. Mass recovery of surface-applied atrazine in the lysimeters was not significantly affected by rainfall rate and was, on average, 2.7% for plots receiving 25 mm h-1 simulated rainfall and 3.6% for plots receiving 50 mm h-1 simulated rainfall. Of the total atrazine collected in the lysimeters, the fraction that was colloid-associated ranged from 4.9 to 30% (mean of 15%), indicating that a measurable portion of mobile atrazine is transported via association with colloids.In the Muddy Creek watershed, VA, the extent of atrazine adsorption to the immobile soil matrix and mobile soil colloids was examined in an agricultural silt loam soil, and atrazine transport during simulated rainfall events of different intensities was assessed. Results from batch equilibration experiments revealed that atrazine adsorption was significantly greater on the colloids than on the bulk soil, which was attributed to the higher specific surface area and organic content of the colloids. Despite the mobilization of colloids, however, the mass recovery of colloid-associated atrazine was low for all plots. Precipitation rate did not significantly affect atrazine mass recovery.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050034x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Sprague, L.A., Herman, J., Hornberger, G., and Mills, A., 2000, Atrazine adsorption and colloid-facilitated transport through the unsaturated zone: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 29, no. 5, p. 1632-1641, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050034x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1632","endPage":"1641","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eecae4b0c8380cd49f7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, J.S.","contributorId":73345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornberger, G.M.","contributorId":68463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mills, A.L.","contributorId":33485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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