{"pageNumber":"303","pageRowStart":"7550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":20230,"text":"ofr94116 - 1994 - Storm-tide elevations produced by Hurricane Andrew along the southern Florida coasts, August 24, 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T12:19:18","indexId":"ofr94116","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-116","title":"Storm-tide elevations produced by Hurricane Andrew along the southern Florida coasts, August 24, 1992","docAbstract":"<p>On August 24, 1992, Hurricane Andrew crossed southern peninsular Florida. The combined effects of storm surge from the hurricane and astronomical tide, referred to as storm tide, caused flooding over a large part of southern Florida. Subsequent to the flooding, many high-water marks were identified, described, and surveyed along the south- eastern coast of Florida (Miami to Key Largo) and at selected areas along the southwestern coast of Florida (Flamingo to Goodland). Descriptions of these 336 high-water makrs are presented in tabular form in this report and their locations are plotted on nineteen 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle maps. For the southeastern coast, north-south profiles of the high-water makrs along the outher and inner barrier islands and the western shoreline of Biscayne Bay are presented. Average storm-tide elevations (relative to sea level) ranged from 4 to 6 feet in northern Biscayne Bay, were as much as 17 feet on the western shoreline near the center of the bay and ranged from 3 to 6 feet in southern Biscayne Bay and Barnes Sound. Storm-tide elevations along the southwestern coast ranged from 4 to 5 feet at Flamingo and 5 to 7 feet at Goodland in the Ten Thousand Islands area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","doi":"10.3133/ofr94116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Murray, M.H., 1994, Storm-tide elevations produced by Hurricane Andrew along the southern Florida coasts, August 24, 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-116, Report: iv, 27 p.; 19 Plates: 24.40 x 28.27 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94116.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 27 p.; 19 Plates: 24.40 x 28.27 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":321984,"rank":306,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0116/plate-6.pdf","text":"Plate 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1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":321981,"rank":303,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0116/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":321982,"rank":304,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0116/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":321983,"rank":305,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0116/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":321987,"rank":309,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0116/plate-9.pdf","text":"Plate 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":321988,"rank":310,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0116/plate-10.pdf","text":"Plate 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":321996,"rank":318,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0116/plate-18.pdf","text":"Plate 18","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":321989,"rank":311,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0116/plate-11.pdf","text":"Plate 11","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":321997,"rank":319,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0116/plate-19.pdf","text":"Plate 19","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":321990,"rank":312,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0116/plate-12.pdf","text":"Plate 12","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":321991,"rank":313,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0116/plate-13.pdf","text":"Plate 13","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":321992,"rank":314,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0116/plate-14.pdf","text":"Plate 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,{"id":29562,"text":"wri944213 - 1994 - Sources of trends in water-quality data for selected streams in Texas, 1975-89 water years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T14:32:49","indexId":"wri944213","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4213","title":"Sources of trends in water-quality data for selected streams in Texas, 1975-89 water years","docAbstract":"<p>Sources of trends in water-quality data for selected streams in Texas for the 1975-89 water years were investigated in this study. The investigation of sources was confined to distinct geographic patterns in the trend indicators for one constituent or for a group of related constituents.</p>\n<p>The probable source of trend patterns in nutrients and measures of oxygen in the Trinity River Basin was changes in the wastewater treatment facilities in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. A pattern of increased concentrations of inorganic constituents in the upper Colorado River Basin resulted from emergency releases of water from the Natural Darn Lake, a salinity control structure. Trend patterns in inorganic constituents in the Rio Grande Basin were a result of increasing concentrations in the Pecos River and, to a lesser extent, the Rio Grande above the Amistad Reservoir, combined with the effects of reservoir regulation. A pattern of increasing concentrations of organic plus ammonia nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen was detected for the 1975-86 water years for stations with low concentrations (generally less than 5 milligrams per liter) of these nitrogen species. The trends were no longer evident when the period of trend analysis was extended to the 1989 water year. A positive bias in the data caused by the addition of mercuric chloride tablets to preserve nutrient samples during 1980-86 was the probable source of this trend pattern. A pattern of increasing concentrations in dissolved sulfate in the eastern part of the State was a result of a positive bias in the analytical results of a turbidimetric method of sulfate analysis. The source of a statewide pattern of increased pH in streams could not be identified.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri944213","usgsCitation":"Schertz, T., Wells, F., and Ohe, D., 1994, Sources of trends in water-quality data for selected streams in Texas, 1975-89 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4213, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944213.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4213/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58390,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4213/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":31722,"text":"ofr9346 - 1994 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Lac qui Parle River basin, southwestern Minnesota and eastern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T09:57:27","indexId":"ofr9346","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-46","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Lac qui Parle River basin, southwestern Minnesota and eastern South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Data describing the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected points on streams in the Lac qui Parle River basin, located in southwestern Minnesota and eastern South Dakota, are presented in this report. The physical charac- teristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and wetlands, the main-channel length. and the main-channel slope. The points on the stream include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, outfalls of sewage treatment plants, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey low-flow, high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr9346","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Department of Transportation and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, D., Sanocki, C., and Winterstein, T.A., 1994, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Lac qui Parle River basin, southwestern Minnesota and eastern South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-46, Document: 12 p.; Plate: 24.58 x 27.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9346.","productDescription":"Document: 12 p.; Plate: 24.58 x 27.92 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":26066,"text":"wri944039 - 1994 - Geologic history and hydrogeologic setting of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system, west-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T14:08:36","indexId":"wri944039","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4039","title":"Geologic history and hydrogeologic setting of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system, west-central Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards-Trinity aquifer system underlies about 42,000 square miles of west-central Texas. Nearly flat-lying, mostly Comanche (Lower Cretaceous) strata of the aquifer system thin northwestward atop massive pre-Cretaceous rocks that are comparatively impermeable and structurally complex. From predominately terrigenous clastic sediments in the east and fluvialdeltaic (terrestrial) deposits in the west, the rocks of early Trinitian age grade upward into supratidal evaporitic and dolomitic strata, intertidal limestone and dolostone, and shallow-marine, openshelf, and reefal strata of late Trinitian, Fredericksburgian, and Washitan age. A thick, downfaulted remnant of mostly open-marine strata of Eaglefordian through Navarroan age composes a small, southeastern part of the aquifer system.</p>\n<p>The Trinity Group was deposited atop a rolling peneplain of pre-Cretaceous rocks during three predominately transgressive cycles of sedimentation that encroached upon the Llano uplift. The Fredericksburg and Washita Groups were deposited above the Trinity Group mostly in the lee of the Stuart City reef trend, a shelf margin ridge that sheltered depositional environments in the study area. The Washita Group subsequently was covered with thick, mostly fine-grained Gulf strata.</p>\n<p>During late Oligocene through early Miocene time, large-scale normal faulting formed the Balcones fault zone, where the Cretaceous strata were downfaulted, intensively fractured, and differentially rotated within a series of northeasttrending fault blocks. In addition to fracturing the rocks in the fault zone and extending the depth of freshwater diagenesis, the faulting vertically displaced the terrain, which steepened hydraulic gradients and maintained relatively high flow velocities near the surface. A shallow regime of dynamic ground-water flow evolved that promoted dissolution and enhanced the transmissivity of the Edwards Group in the Balcones fault zone. Cementation, recrystallization, and mineral replacement caused by deeper, comparatively sluggish ground-water circulation combined to diminish the transmissivity of the underlying Trinity Group, as well as most Cretaceous strata in the Hill Country, Edwards-Plateau, and Trans-Pecos.</p>\n<p>The Trinity, Fredericksburg, and Washita strata compose a regional aquifer system of three aquifers, whose water-transmitting characteristics generally are continuous in the lateral direction, and two hydraulically tight confining units. The aquifers are the Edwards aquifer in the Balcones fault zone, the Trinity aquifer in the Balcones fault zone and Hill Country, and the Edwards-Trinity aquifer in the Edwards Plateau and Trans-Pecos. The Navarro-Del Rio confining unit overlies the subcrop of the Edwards aquifer, and the Hammett confining unit lies within the updip, basal part of the Trinity aquifer and a small southeastern fringe of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. The confining units are mostly calcareous mudstone, siltstone, and shale of low-energy terrigenous and openshelf marine depositional environments. The aquifers mainly result from fractures, joint cavities, and porosity caused by the dissolution of evaporites and unstable carbonate constituents.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Because the diagenetic effects of cementation, recrystallization, and mineral replacement diminish the hydraulic conductivity of most rocks composing the Trinity and Edwards-Trinity aquifers, transmissivity values average less than 10,000 feet squared per day over more than 90 percent of the study area. However, the effects of tectonic fractures and dissolution in the Balcones fault zone cause transmissivity values to average about 750,000 feet squared per day in the Edwards aquifer, which occupies less than 10 percent of the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri944039","usgsCitation":"Barker, R., Bush, P.W., and Baker, E., 1994, Geologic history and hydrogeologic setting of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system, west-central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4039, iv, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944039.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54843,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards-Trinity aquifer system","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, R.A.","contributorId":28952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, P. W.","contributorId":14826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, E.T.","contributorId":11584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29693,"text":"wri944231 - 1994 - Contributing recharge areas to water-supply wells at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri944231","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4231","title":"Contributing recharge areas to water-supply wells at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","docAbstract":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, in southwestern Ohio, has operated three well fields--Area B, Skeel Road, and the East Well Fields--to supply potable water for consumption and use for base activities. To protect these well fields from contamination and to comply with the Ohio Wellhead Protection Plan, the Base is developing a wellhead-protection program for the well fields.\r\n\r\nA three-dimensional, steady-state ground-water-flow model was developed in 1993 to simulate heads in (1) the buried-valley aquifer system that is tapped by the two active well fields, and in (2) an upland bedrock aquifer that may supply water to the wells. An advective particle-tracking algorithm that requires estimated porosities and simulated heads was used to estimate ground-water-flow pathlines and traveltimes to the active well fields. Contributing recharge areas (CRA's)--areas on the water table that contribute water to a well or well field--were generated for 1-, 5-, and 10-year traveltimes.\r\n\r\nResults from the simulation and subsequent particle tracking indicate that the CRA's for the Skeel Road Well Fields are oval and extend north- ward, toward the Mad River, as pumping at the well field increases. The sizes of the 1-, 5-, and 10-year CRA's of Skeel Road Well Field, under maximum pumping conditions, are approximately 0.5, 1.5 and 3.2 square miles, respectively. The CRA's for the Area B Well Field extend to the north, up the Mad River Valley; as pumping increases at the well field, the CRA's extend up the Mad River Valley under Huffman Dam. The sizes of the 1-, 5-, and 10-year CRA's of Area B Well Field, under maximum pumping conditions, are approximately 0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 square miles, respectively. The CRA's for the East Well Field are affected by nearby streams under average pumping conditions. The sizes of the 1-, 5-, and 10-year CRA's of the East Well Field, under maximum pumping conditions, are approximately 0.2, 1.2, and 2.4 square miles, respectively. However, as pumping increases at the East Well Field, the ground-water-flow model develops numerical instabilities which limit the usefulness of the CRA's.\r\n\r\nSensitivity analyses show that variation of horizontal hydraulic conductivity and porosity in the upland bedrock does not affect the CRA's of the Skeel Road Well Field but does have a slight affect on the CRA's of the Area B Well Field. Uncertainties in horizontal hydraulic conductivity and porosity of the valley-train deposits have the largest affect on the size and shape of the CRA's of the Skeel Road Well Field. The position and size of the CRA's of Area B are probably also controlled by induced infiltration from the nearby Mad River and by pumping at the Rohrer's Island Well Field. However, uncertainty in riverbed conductance, which affects induced infiltration, does not significantly affect the size and shape of these CRA's.\r\n\r\nPumping centers not included in the ground-water-flow model do not appreciably affect the CRA's of the Area B and Skeel Road Well Fields under normal pumping. The pumping centers, located near Huffman Dam, will probably limit the northern extent of teh CRA's of Area B Well Field under greater than normal pumping conditions. The CRA's of the East Well Field will propagate farther to the northeast and southwest as a result of the increased pumping-related stress to the aquifer system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944231","usgsCitation":"Sheets, R.A., 1994, Contributing recharge areas to water-supply wells at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4231, iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944231.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4231/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58516,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db6296f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheets, R. A.","contributorId":43381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheets","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30199,"text":"wri944226 - 1994 - Effects of water-control structures on hydrologic and water-quality characteristics in selected agricultural drainage canals in eastern North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T11:11:24","indexId":"wri944226","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4226","title":"Effects of water-control structures on hydrologic and water-quality characteristics in selected agricultural drainage canals in eastern North Carolina","docAbstract":"November of water into and out of tidally affected canals in eastern North Carolina was documented before and after the installation of water-control structures. Water levels in five of the canals downstream from the water-control structures were controlled primarily by water-level fluctuations in estuarine receiving waters. Water-control structures also altered upstream water levels in all canals. Water levels were lowered upstream from tide gates, but increased upstream from flashboard risers. Both types of water-control structures attenuated the release of runoff following rainfall events, but in slightly different ways. Tide gates appeared to reduce peak discharge rates associated with rainfall, and flashboard risers lengthened the duration of runoff release.\r\n\r\nTide gates had no apparent effect on pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended-sediment, or total phosphorus concentrations downstream from the structures. Specific conductance measured from composite samples collected with automatic samples increased downstream of tide gates after installation. Median concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen were near the minimum detection level throughout the study; however, the number of observations of concentrations exceeding 0.1 milligram per liter dropped significantly after tide gates were installed. Following tide-gate installation, instantaneous loadings of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen were significantly reduced at one test site, but this reduction was not observed at the other test site. Loadings of other nutrient species and suspended sediment did not change at the tide-gate test sites after tide-gate installation.\r\n\r\nSpecific conductance was lower in the Beaufort County canals than in the Hyde County canals. Although there was a slight increase in median values at the flashboard-riser sites, the mean and maximum values declined substantially downstream from the risers following installation. This decline of specific conductance in the canals occurred despite a large increase of specific conductance in the tidal creek.\r\n\r\nFlashboard risers had no significant effect on concentrations of dissolved oxygen, suspended sediment, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, or phosphorus. Maximum concentrations of ammonia nitrogen were smaller at both test sites after riser installation. In addition, concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen exceeding 1.0 milligram per liter rarely occurred at the flashboard-riser test sites following installation of the risers. Median loadings of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen decreased at one riser test site following flashboard-riser installation.\r\n\r\nTide gates and flashboard risers were associated with reductions in concentrations and export of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen; however, these changes should be interpreted cautiously because reductions were not observed consistently at every site. The hydrology and baseline water-quality characteristics of the two study areas differ, making comparisons of the effectiveness of the two types of water-control structures difficult to interpret.\r\n\r\nThe effects of water-control structures on the hydrology of the drainage canals are more meaningful than the changes in water quality. Tide gates and flashboard risers altered the hydrologic characteristics of the drainage canals and created an environment favorable for nutrient loss or transformation. Both structures retained agricultural drainage upstream, which increased potential storage for infiltration and reduced the potential for surface runoff, sediment, and nutrient transport, and higher peak outflow rates.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nESIC, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944226","usgsCitation":"Treece, M., and Jaynes, M., 1994, Effects of water-control structures on hydrologic and water-quality characteristics in selected agricultural drainage canals in eastern North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4226, v, 62 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944226.","productDescription":"v, 62 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4226/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58989,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4226/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.32452392578125,\n              35.02324896091336\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32452392578125,\n              35.86456960744962\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0198974609375,\n              35.86456960744962\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0198974609375,\n              35.02324896091336\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32452392578125,\n              35.02324896091336\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684035","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Treece, M.W. Jr.","contributorId":60255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treece","given":"M.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaynes, M.L.","contributorId":45736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaynes","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17501,"text":"ofr953 - 1994 - Preliminary analysis of integrated stratigraphic data from the South Venice corehole, Sarasota County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:02:41","indexId":"ofr953","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-3","title":"Preliminary analysis of integrated stratigraphic data from the South Venice corehole, Sarasota County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr953","usgsCitation":"Brewster-Wingard, G.L., Weedman, S., Scott, T., Edwards, L.E., and Green, R., 1994, Preliminary analysis of integrated stratigraphic data from the South Venice corehole, Sarasota County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-3, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr953.","productDescription":"129 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46652,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida ","county":"Sarasota County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              27.19112839142226\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.2821044921875,\n              27.19112839142226\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.2821044921875,\n              27.464413510962768\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              27.464413510962768\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              27.19112839142226\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acae4b07f02db67cd65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewster-Wingard, G. Lynn","contributorId":17626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewster-Wingard","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weedman, S.D.","contributorId":23961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weedman","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, T.M.","contributorId":66694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":176611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Green, R.C.","contributorId":22373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":19077,"text":"ofr94708 - 1994 - Paleogene stratigraphy of the Solomons Island, Maryland, corehole","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T16:31:22.972084","indexId":"ofr94708","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-708","title":"Paleogene stratigraphy of the Solomons Island, Maryland, corehole","docAbstract":"<p>The Solomons Island corehole was drilled in the hope of obtaining a continuous and more nearly complete section of upper Paleocene and lower Eocene strata than are found in the discontinuous and fragmentary sections in the outcrop belt to the west. Consultation with Harry Hansen (Maryland Geological Survey) on possible drilling sites that were within the limits of our equipment and funding led to the selection of Solomons Island. A strong factor in this selection was the stratigraphic information available from the nearby Lexington Park well (Hansen and Wilson, 1984). As anticipated, all Paleogene units previously reported in the Maryland and Virginia Coastal Plain, except for the upper Eocene Chickahominy Formation and the upper Oligocene Old Church Formation, were penetrated at Solomons Island. The upper part of the Solomons Island corehole also penetrated the Calvert Formation of Miocene age and the younger Lowland Deposit. Gibson and Andrews (1994) described the lithology and biostratigraphy of these Miocene sediments. This paper describes the lithologies of the Lower Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene strata that were recovered from the Solomons Island corehole and gives a brief biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental summary of the beds penetrated there. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94708","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T.G., and Bybell, L.M., 1994, Paleogene stratigraphy of the Solomons Island, Maryland, corehole: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-708, ii, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94708.","productDescription":"ii, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0708/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394191,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0708/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Solomons Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.607421875,\n              36.89719446989036\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.50927734375,\n              36.89719446989036\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.50927734375,\n              39.74943369178247\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.607421875,\n              39.74943369178247\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.607421875,\n              36.89719446989036\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, Thomas G.","contributorId":25180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26884,"text":"wri944157 - 1994 - Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer — Predevelopment to 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T22:27:50.035672","indexId":"wri944157","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4157","title":"Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer — Predevelopment to 1993","docAbstract":"Water-level change in the High Plains aquifer underlying parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming results from differences in recharge from precipitation and ground-water withdrawals for irrigation. From the beginning of irrigation development (1940) to 1980, water levels declined in several areas, and exceeded 100 feet in parts of the Central and Southern High Plains. From 1980 to 1993, water-level declines continued in these same areas, but at a smaller annual rate. This smaller rate of decline was associated with above-normal precipitation during 1981-93 and a decrease in ground-water application rates. Declines exceeding 20 feet from 1980 to 1993 were common in areas of intense irrigation development in the Central and Southern High Plains. In the Northern High Plains, water levels declined 10 to 20 feet from 1980 to 1993 in parts of northeastern Colorado, northwestern Kansas, southwestern Nebraska, and the Nebraska Panhandle. Water-level rises exceeding 20 feet, however, occurred in the Southern High Plains of Texas. Also, rises of 10 to 20 feet occurred in parts of southeastern and south-central Nebraska. The average area-weighted water level rose 0.21 foot from 1992 to 1993 in association was well-above normal precipitation in 1992. Water-level declines, however, continued in the intensively irrigated areas of the Central High Plains. Declines also' continued in the northern part of the Southern High Plains in spite of well-above normal precipitation. Water-level rises from 1992 to 1993 was widespread in eastern and southern Nebraska, northwestern and south-central Kansas, and in the southern two-thirds of the Southern High Plains of Texas in association with well-above normal precipitation in 1992. These rises exceeded 3 feet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944157","usgsCitation":"Dugan, J.T., and Cox, D.A., 1994, Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer — Predevelopment to 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4157, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944157.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392981,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48036.htm"},{"id":55775,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4157/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4157/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"High Plains aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.361328125,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.361328125,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478ee4b07f02db489988","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugan, J. T.","contributorId":67890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, D. A.","contributorId":105766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28180,"text":"wri934039 - 1994 - Simulations of flow in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system and contiguous hydraulically connected units, west-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T22:51:23.899979","indexId":"wri934039","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4039","title":"Simulations of flow in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system and contiguous hydraulically connected units, west-central Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards-Trinity aquifer system is currently (1993) being studied as part of the Regional Aquifer-Systems Analysis program. A major goal of the project is to understand and describe the regional ground-water flow system. A finite-element model for simulating two-dimensional steady-state ground-water flow was applied to the major aquifers of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system and contiguous hydraulically connected units for the winter of 1974-75 and for the predevelopment conditions. The major aquifers are the Edwards-Trinity in the western semiarid part of the study area, the Trinity in the eastern subhumid part of the study area, and the Edwards in the southeastern part of the study area. The Edwards-Trinity, upper part of the Trinity, and part of the Edwards aquifers are shallow and unconfined over most of the study area. Regional ground-water flow is toward the perennial streams for the Edwards-Trinity and Trinity aquifers, as indicated by the observed and simulated potentiometric surfaces.</p>\n<p>The transmissivity values used in the simulations were within estimated ranges and generally are: 1,000 to 10,000 ft<sup>2</sup>/d (feet squared per day) for the Edwards-Trinity and Trinity aquifers; 100,000 to greater than 1 million ft<sup>2</sup>/d for the Edwards aquifer; and less than 500 to 10,000 ft<sup>2</sup>/d in contiguous hydraulically connected units. Simulated flow through the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system and contiguous hydraulically connected units is about 3 million acre-feet per year. Estimates of areally distributed recharge from the simulations range from 0.1 to 1 inch per year for the Edwards-Trinity aquifer and increase to 4 inches per year for the Trinity aquifer. Recharge to the Edwards aquifer occurs along streambeds that cross outcropped high-permeability rocks of the Edwards Group through joints and faults. Many of the streams are diverted completely underground during periods of no precipitation. The movement of a substantial quantity of water (about 400 cubic feet per second) from the Trinity and Edwards-Trinity aquifers into the Edwards aquifer was simulated. Results of the simulations indicate that anisotropy strongly influences flow in the Edwards aquifer. In the San Antonio and Austin areas, the Edwards aquifer is the most active part of the ground-water flow system with one-third of ground-water discharge occurring in 5 percent of the modeled area for both simulations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri934039","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E., and Holligan, K.Q., 1994, Simulations of flow in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system and contiguous hydraulically connected units, west-central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4039, Document: iv, 40 p.; 3 Plates: 38.00 × 26.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934039.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 40 p.; 3 Plates: 38.00 × 26.50 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410601,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47767.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57019,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57018,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4039/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57017,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4039/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57016,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4039/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4039/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards-Trinity aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.2125,\n              32.4833\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.2125,\n              29.05\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.45,\n              29.05\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.45,\n              32.4833\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.2125,\n              32.4833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1c32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, E. L.","contributorId":82342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holligan, K. Q.","contributorId":104536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holligan","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17461,"text":"ofr94653 - 1994 - Palynomorph biostratigraphy of Eocene samples from the Sagavanirktok Formation at Franklin Bluffs, North Slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:03:53","indexId":"ofr94653","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-653","title":"Palynomorph biostratigraphy of Eocene samples from the Sagavanirktok Formation at Franklin Bluffs, North Slope of Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94653","usgsCitation":"Frederiksen, N.O., Edwards, L.E., Fouch, T.D., Carter, L.D., and Collett, T.S., 1994, Palynomorph biostratigraphy of Eocene samples from the Sagavanirktok Formation at Franklin Bluffs, North Slope of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-653, 32 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94653.","productDescription":"32 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":150516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0653/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46615,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0653/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -164.5751953125,\n              68.98992503056704\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.15234374999997,\n              68.98992503056704\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.15234374999997,\n              71.5944122077672\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.5751953125,\n              71.5944122077672\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.5751953125,\n              68.98992503056704\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689462","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frederiksen, Norman O.","contributorId":50880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":176480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fouch, T. D.","contributorId":68333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fouch","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, L. D.","contributorId":87959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":67934,"text":"ha730H - 1994 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 7, Idaho, Oregon, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":67934,"text":"ha730H - 1994 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 7, Idaho, Oregon, Washington","indexId":"ha730H","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 7, Idaho, Oregon, Washington"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:43:48","indexId":"ha730H","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"730","chapter":"H","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 7, Idaho, Oregon, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The States of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, which total 248,730 square miles, compose Segment 7 of this Atlas. The area is geologically and topographically diverse and contains a wealth of scenic beauty, natural resources, and ground and surface water that generally are suitable for all uses. Most of the area of Segment 7 is drained by the Columbia River, its tributaries, and other streams that discharge to the Pacific Ocean. Exceptions are those streams that flow to closed basins in southeastern Oregon and northern Nevada and to the Great Salt Lake in northern Utah. The Columbia River is one of the largest rivers in the Nation. The downstream reach of the Columbia River forms most of the border between Oregon and Washington. In 1990, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington had populations of 1.0 million, 2.8 million, and 4.9 million, respectively. The more densely populated parts are in lowland areas and stream valleys. Many of the mountains, the deserts, and the upland areas of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington lack major population centers. Large areas of Idaho and Oregon are uninhabited and are mostly public land (fig. 1) where extensive ground-water development is restricted. </p><p>Surface water is abundant in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, though not always available when and where needed. In some places, surface water provides much of the water used for public-supply, domestic and commercial, agricultural (primarily irrigation and livestock watering), and industrial purposes. In arid parts of Segment 7, however, surface water has long been fully appropriated, chiefly for irrigation. Ground water is used when and where surface-water supplies are lacking. </p><p>Ground water is commonly available to shallow wells that are completed in unconsolidated-deposit aquifers that consist primarily of sand and gravel but contain variable quantities of clay and silt. Many large-yield public-supply and irrigation wells and thousands of domestic wells are completed in these types of aquifers, generally in areas of privately owned land (fig. 1). In many places, deeper wells produce water from underlying volcanic rocks, usually basalt. </p><p>Most irrigation (fig. 2) is on lowlands next to streams and on adjacent terraces. Generally, lowlands within a few miles of a main stream are irrigated with surface water diverted by gravity flow from the main stream or a reservoir and distributed through a system of canals and ditches. In some areas, water is pumped to irrigate lands farther from the stream at a higher altitude. Along the Snake and Columbia Rivers, large pumping systems withdraw billions of gallons of water per day from the rivers to irrigate adjacent uplands that are more than 500 feet higher than the rivers. Elsewhere, irrigation water is obtained from large-capacity wells, where depth to water might exceed 500 feet below land surface. </p><p>Aquifers in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, as in most other States, differ considerably in thickness and permeability, and well yields differ accordingly. Ground-water levels in a few areas have declined as a result of withdrawals by wells. State governments have taken steps to alleviate declines in some areas by enacting programs that either limit the number of additional wells that can be completed in a particular aquifer (Ground-Water Management Area) or prevent further ground-water development (Critical Ground-Water Area). </p><p>Segment 7 includes some of the driest parts of the Nation, as well as some of the wettest. Average annual precipitation (1951-80) ranges from less than 10 inches in arid parts of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington to more than 80 inches in the western parts of Oregon and Washington (fig. 3). Most storms generally move eastward through the area. The eastward-moving air absorbs the moisture that evaporates from the Pacific Ocean. As this air encounters the fronts of mountain ranges, it rises, cools, and condenses. Accordingly, the western sides of the mountain ranges receive the most precipitation. Much of the annual precipitation moves directly to streams as overland runoff. Some of the precipitation is returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration, which is the combination of evaporation from the surface and transpiration from the plants. A small part of the precipitation infiltrates the soil and percolates downward to recharge underlying aquifers. </p><p>Average annual runoff ( 1951-80) in the segment varies considerably (fig. 4), and the distribution of the runoff generally parallels that of precipitation. In the arid and the semiarid parts of Segment 7, most precipitation replenishes soil moisture, evaporates, or is transpired by vegetation. Little is left to maintain streamflow or to recharge aquifers. In the wetter parts, much of the precipitation runs off the land surface to maintain streamflow, and because evaporation is usually less in wetter areas, more water is available to recharge aquifers. Precipitation that falls as snow generally does not become runoff until spring thaws begin. Reservoirs constructed on major streams to mitigate flooding and to store water for irrigation, hydroelectric-power generation, and recreation also affect the timing of runoff. The runoff is stored and subsequently released during drier periods to maintain downstream flow.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha730H","isbn":"060776757X","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, R., 1994, Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 7, Idaho, Oregon, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 730, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha730H.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"H1","endPage":"H31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11485,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/ha730/ch_h/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115244,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/730h/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"65.98 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, R.L.","contributorId":34891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28145,"text":"wri934053 - 1994 - Water resources of the Menominee Indian Reservation of Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T12:58:47","indexId":"wri934053","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4053","title":"Water resources of the Menominee Indian Reservation of Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources of the Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, were investigated during the period October 1981 through September 1987. The report presents baseline data and some interpretation of ground- and surface-water hydrology and quality of the Reservation.</p>\n<p>The area stratigraphy consists of basal Precambrian crystalline bedrock and overlying till and sand and gravel deposits. In the Reservation, the glacial deposits range in thickness from zero to 180 feet. The bedrock aquifer is composed of fractured and weathered Precambrian bedrock within about 20 feet of the upper bedrock surface. &nbsp;The sand and gravel aquifer is composed of saturated, permeable sand and gravel that occurs as layers, lenses, terrace deposits, and valley fillings. &nbsp;The glacial material has a saturated thickness ranging from approximately 150 feet to zero feet in areas where the Precambrian bedrock crops out. Water-table conditions commonly occur in both aquifers. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the sand and gravel and bedrock aquifers is estimated to be 5 and 0.3 feet per day, respectively.</p>\n<p>The Wolf River and its tributaries drain the Reservation except for the eastern quarter, which is drained by the South Branch of the Oconto River. The average discharge of the Wolf River, monitored continuously during 1907-85 at Keshena Falls near Keshena, was 762 ft 3/s (cubic feet per second). Maximum instantaneous discharge was 5,200 ft3/s recorded on March 15, 1973, and the minimum was 91 ft3/s recorded on December 22,1939. Low flow and flood-frequency characteristics for the Wolf River were estimated using mean-daily discharge for the period of record at Keshena Falls.</p>\n<p>Ground water from the sand and gravel and bedrock aquifers is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. The composition of waters from the two aquifers is similar because water recharging the bedrock aquifer is from the overlying sand and gravel aquifer. Iron or manganese concentrations exceeding secondary maximum contaminant levels were found in water samples from approximately one-quarter to one-half of the wells sampled.</p>\n<p>Approximately three-quarters of the groundwater sampled during the study is moderately hard to very hard, with a median hardness equal to 171 mg/L (milligrams per liter) (as calcium carbonate)for the sand and gravel aquifer and 165mg/L (as calcium carbonate) for the bedrock aquifer. &nbsp;Alkalinity of the ground water ranged from26 to 211 mg/L, with a median value of 182 mg/L(as calcium carbonate) for the sand and gravel aquifer and ranged from 72 to 250 mg/L, with a median value of 170 mg/L (as calcium carbonate)for the bedrock aquifer.</p>\n<p>Water samples collected from Reservation streams and lakes were similar to ground water (calcium magnesium bicarbonate type), reflecting the strong surface-water/ground-water interaction in the study area. The chemical composition of water from lakes having inlets or outlets indicate that they are not influenced by precipitation as much as lakes that do not have inlets or outlets.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934053","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Krohelski, J.T., Kammerer, P., and Conlon, T.D., 1994, Water resources of the Menominee Indian Reservation of Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4053, Report: v, 54 p.; 4 Plates: 19.20 x 16.56 inches or smalller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934053.","productDescription":"Report: v, 54 p.; 4 Plates: 19.20 x 16.56 inches or smalller","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56973,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4053/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56974,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4053/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56975,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4053/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56976,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4053/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56977,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Menominee Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.6399,45.1171],[-88.6109,45.1174],[-88.5598,45.1175],[-88.4836,45.117],[-88.4862,45.0302],[-88.4881,44.9435],[-88.4894,44.8554],[-88.6117,44.8563],[-88.736,44.8561],[-88.7356,44.9429],[-88.7982,44.9432],[-88.8588,44.943],[-88.9516,44.943],[-88.9812,44.9427],[-88.9812,45.0299],[-88.9818,45.118],[-88.9301,45.1182],[-88.8623,45.1175],[-88.8118,45.1177],[-88.7343,45.1172],[-88.6826,45.1174],[-88.6574,45.1172],[-88.6399,45.1171]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Menominee\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602c6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krohelski, J. 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,{"id":19236,"text":"ofr9368 - 1994 - Flood data for the Sacramento River and Butte Basin, Sacramento Valley, California, 1980-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T22:45:23.536219","indexId":"ofr9368","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-68","title":"Flood data for the Sacramento River and Butte Basin, Sacramento Valley, California, 1980-90","docAbstract":"Floodflows and peak states of floods were measured and channel cross sections were surveyed at sites along the Sacramento River and in Butte Basin, Sacramento Valley, California, during 1980-90 to document magnitudes of flooding and channel changes. The study reach extends from rivermile 200 near Hamilton City to rivermile 134 near Meridian. Data were collected for each flood at about 70 sites that include streamf-flow gages, crest-stage gages, bridges and road overflows on State Highway 162 east of Butte City, and locations of historical high- water marks. Six cross sections of the river between rivermiles 193.7 near Big Chico Creek and 183.3 near Ordbend were surveyed annually during calendar years 1981-84, and 1986-90. Floodflows (peak flow 157,000 cubic feet per second) almost equaled the design flow capacity of the river at Butte City on March 2, 1983, when the peak stage of 93.0 feet was 5 feet below the top of the levee. This was the largest flood recorded at Butte City during 1980- 90. The most recent flood occurred February 18-19, 1986, when the peak stage in the river at Butte City was 92.0 feet and the peak flow was 145,000 cubic feet per second.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9368","usgsCitation":"Harmon, J.G., 1994, Flood data for the Sacramento River and Butte Basin, Sacramento Valley, California, 1980-90: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-68, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9368.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411041,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12616.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":48693,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0068/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River and Butte Basin, Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.10488521812019,\n              39.76166300897259\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10488521812019,\n              39.112698933014286\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.57970543046218,\n              39.112698933014286\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.57970543046218,\n              39.76166300897259\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10488521812019,\n              39.76166300897259\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harmon, Jerry G.","contributorId":30220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5083,"text":"fs03194 - 1994 - National Water-Quality Assessment Program— Eastern Iowa basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-13T13:16:22.584519","indexId":"fs03194","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"031-94","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program— Eastern Iowa basins","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs03194","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S.J., 1994, National Water-Quality Assessment Program— Eastern Iowa basins: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 031-94, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03194.","productDescription":"2 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,{"id":31815,"text":"ofr94225B - 1994 - Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Plymouth Quadrangle and eastern portion of the Killington Peak Quadrangle, Windsor and Rutland counties, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-02T05:40:24","indexId":"ofr94225B","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-225","chapter":"B","title":"Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Plymouth Quadrangle and eastern portion of the Killington Peak Quadrangle, Windsor and Rutland counties, Vermont","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94225B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Vermont, Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., and Ratcliffe, N.M., 1994, Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Plymouth Quadrangle and eastern portion of the Killington Peak Quadrangle, Windsor and Rutland counties, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-225, 6 slides: 1.34 x 1.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94225B.","productDescription":"6 slides: 1.34 x 1.0 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287906,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0225-B/slide-1.pdf"},{"id":287908,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0225-B/slide-3.pdf"},{"id":287909,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0225-B/slide-4.pdf"},{"id":287910,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0225-B/slide-5.pdf"},{"id":287911,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0225-B/slide-6.pdf"},{"id":287907,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0225-B/slide-2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","county":"Rutland County;Windsor County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.875,43.5 ], [ -72.875,43.625 ], [ -72.625,43.625 ], [ -72.625,43.5 ], [ -72.875,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":207007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31814,"text":"ofr94225A - 1994 - Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Plymouth quadrangle and eastern portion of the Killington Peak quadrangle, Windsor and Rutland Counties, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T14:45:40.370567","indexId":"ofr94225A","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-225","chapter":"A","title":"Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Plymouth quadrangle and eastern portion of the Killington Peak quadrangle, Windsor and Rutland Counties, Vermont","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94225A","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., and Ratcliffe, N.M., 1994, Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Plymouth quadrangle and eastern portion of the Killington Peak quadrangle, Windsor and Rutland Counties, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-225, Report: 36 p.; 1 Plate: 25.00 × 37.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94225A.","productDescription":"Report: 36 p.; 1 Plate: 25.00 × 37.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":397785,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19316.htm"},{"id":60017,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0225a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21564,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0225a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0225a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","county":"Rutland County, Windsor County","otherGeospatial":"Killington Peak quadrangle, Plymouth quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.792,\n              43.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.625,\n              43.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.625,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.792,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.792,\n              43.625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a132","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":207005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25577,"text":"wri934221 - 1994 - Hydrogeology of recharge areas and water quality of the principal aquifers along the Wasatch Front and adjacent areas, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:21","indexId":"wri934221","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4221","title":"Hydrogeology of recharge areas and water quality of the principal aquifers along the Wasatch Front and adjacent areas, Utah","docAbstract":"The principal basin-fill aquifers in Cache Valley, the lower Bear River area, and along the Wasatch Front provide ground water to about 84 percent of the population of Utah. Recharge areas for the principal aquifers were mapped to provide information needed for the implementation of ground-water quality regulations and a State ground-water protection plan. Water samples were collected and analyzed to provide baseline water- quality data for the principal aquifers. The study area includes five subareas: Cache Valley, the 1ower Bear River area, the East Shore area, Salt Lake Valley, and Utah and Goshen Valleys. Basin-fill deposits in each subarea are lithologically heterogeneous. The principal aquifers in most of the subareas are composed of multiple discontinuous unconfined and confined aquifers and confining layers. Primary recharge areas generally are located along adjacent mountain fronts and extend into the valleys at the mouths of major drainages. Secondary recharge areas are located on the benches and uplands of the valleys. Ground-water flow generally is from these recharge areas to the discharge areas in the topographically low parts of the valleys. In general, dissolved-solids concentrations in ground water range from less than 500 mg/L to about 3,000 mg/L. Of 73 water samples, 5 contained inorganic constituents in concentrations that exceeded State of Utah water-quality standards. None of the samples contained concentrations of organic compounds that exceeded State standards.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934221","usgsCitation":"Anderson, P., Susong, D., Wold, S., Heilweil, V., and Baskin, R.L., 1994, Hydrogeology of recharge areas and water quality of the principal aquifers along the Wasatch Front and adjacent areas, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4221, vi, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934221.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54295,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54296,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54297,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54298,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54299,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54300,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, P.B.","contributorId":103020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Susong, D. D.","contributorId":12868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wold, S.R.","contributorId":29473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wold","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heilweil, V.M.","contributorId":25197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"V.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baskin, R. L.","contributorId":14460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":26439,"text":"wri944092 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and selected water-quality aspects of the Hueco Bolson Aquifer at the Hueco Bolson Recharge Project area, El Paso, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T14:22:59","indexId":"wri944092","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4092","title":"Hydrogeology and selected water-quality aspects of the Hueco Bolson Aquifer at the Hueco Bolson Recharge Project area, El Paso, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Samples of ground water and tertiary-treated water were evaluated to determine the distribution of injected water and trihalomethane compounds in the Hueco bolson aquifer near El Paso, Texas. Chloride and nitrate concentrations and oxygen-18/oxygen-16 (&delta;<sup>18</sup>O) values were used with end-member mixing analysis to estimate the fractional contributions of injected water, irrigation-affected water, saline ground water, and freshwater to ground-water chemistry.</p>\n<p>Several laterally continuous sand and gravel layers are the principal water-yielding lithologies in the aquifer. The potentiometric surface sloped toward the south and southwest during January 1990. Average linear ground-water velocities were as large as 1.4 feet per day near the zone of largest hydraulic conductivity and were substantially smaller farther south and east.</p>\n<p>Ground-water samples from as far as 2,900 feet from an injection well contained injectedwater tracers and trihalomethane compounds. Ground-water samples with injected-water tracers and no trihalomethane compounds may indicate infiltration from septic systems or oxidation ponds. Apparent breakthrough velocities of injected water in the aquifer ranged from 0.13 to 1.3 feet per day. Irrigation-affected water and saline water also were identified in water from several wells.</p>\n<p>Ground-water transport of bromoform and dibromochloromethane is attenuated relative to injected water, chloroform, and dichlorobromomethane. Microbial transformation of bromoform and dibromochloromethane probably was responsible for their disappearance from ground water. Chloroform and dichlorobromomethane concentrations were affected principally by advective and dispersive transport of injected water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri944092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the El Paso Water Utilities-Public Service Board, Texas Water Development Board, and U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Buszka, P., Brock, R., and Hooper, R.P., 1994, Hydrogeology and selected water-quality aspects of the Hueco Bolson Aquifer at the Hueco Bolson Recharge Project area, El Paso, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4092, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944092.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4092/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55244,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"El Paso","otherGeospatial":"Hueco Bolson Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.441667,\n              31.991667\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.441667,\n              31.904167\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.320833,\n              31.904167\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.320833,\n              31.991667\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.441667,\n              31.991667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buszka, P.M.","contributorId":49001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buszka","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, R.D.","contributorId":12874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30313,"text":"wri934185 - 1994 - Hydrogeologic framework and simulation of shallow ground-water flow in the vicinity of a hazardous-waste landfill near Pinewood, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T14:38:40","indexId":"wri934185","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4185","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and simulation of shallow ground-water flow in the vicinity of a hazardous-waste landfill near Pinewood, South Carolina","docAbstract":"The geologic units in the vicinity of a hazardous- waste landfill near Pinewood, S.C., were divided into hydrogeologic units on the basis of lithologic and hydrologic characteristics. A quasi-3- dimensional finite-difference ground-water-flow model was constructed to represent the hydrogeologic flamework. The simulation results indicate that if non-reactive constituents were released to the Lang Syne water-bearing zone underlying the central and western pans of the disposal area, the constituents would move in a southwesterly direction at a rate of about one-half to 7 feet per year. Contaminants could move from the Lang Syne water-bearing zone upward to the surficial aquifer, to streams, or to Lake Marion. Although these flow rates indicate that it would require at least 50 years for contaminants to travel between the disposal area and a nearby (400 ft) potential discharge area, the heterogeneity of the site hydrogeology imparts an uncertainty to the conclusion. Faster travel times cannot be ruled out if contamination enters an area having a higher hydraulic conductivity than those determined in this investigation. Faster arrival times at Lake Marion also could result if there are pathways shorter than about 400 feet between contaminated water and an area where it can discharge to the surficial aquifer or to streams. If contaminant releases were to occur on the eastern side of the ground-water mounds, near landfill section II and the southeastern part of land fill section I, initial flow directions would be toward the water-level depression in the eastern part of the facility. Ground water within water- level depression would flow downward, probably to the underlying lower Sawdust Landing water-beating zone. Movement of non-reactive constituents in the tower Sawdust Landing water-bearing zone would be southwestward toward Lake Marion at a rate of about 8 to 20 feet per year. Transport to the lake by this route could require more than 200 years.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934185","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D., 1994, Hydrogeologic framework and simulation of shallow ground-water flow in the vicinity of a hazardous-waste landfill near Pinewood, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4185, v, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934185.","productDescription":"v, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59105,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4185/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4185/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59104,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4185/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Pinewood","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.60394287109375,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.60394287109375,\n              33.84760762988741\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0189208984375,\n              33.84760762988741\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0189208984375,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.60394287109375,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, D.A.","contributorId":101691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29451,"text":"wri944062 - 1994 - Quality of ground water around Vadnais Lake and in Lambert Creek watershed, and interaction of ground water with Vadnais Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:21:34","indexId":"wri944062","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4062","title":"Quality of ground water around Vadnais Lake and in Lambert Creek watershed, and interaction of ground water with Vadnais Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Vadnais Lake is located in northern Ramsey County, Minnesota. The lake is managed by the St. Paul Water Utility for storage of municipal water supplies that are provided to residents of St. Paul and surrounding communities. In recent years, algal blooms in Vadnais Lake have caused taste and odor problems in St. Paul's municipal water supply. This problem has potentially been exacerbated by phosphorus enrichment of the lake from surface-water transport and from nutrient recycling between the lake and bottom sediments. Phosphorus loading in Vadnais Lake has been linked to increased algal growth. Surface-water drainage from supply lakes and, during wet years, from wetlands in Lambert Creek watershed, which extends over about 20 square miles east of the lake, is known to be a significant source of phosphorus. The role of ground water in the phosphorus budget of the lake was unknown. The results of this study indicate that ground-water transport of phosphorus into Vadnais Lake is a small part of the phosphorus budget of the lake.</p>\n<p>Seepage into and out of Vadnais Lake was estimated by the following methods: (1) interpretation of the hydraulic conductivities of glacial deposits around the lake and of the hydraulic gradients between ground water in these deposits and the lake; and (2) interpretation of the hydraulic conductivities of lakebed materials and of the hydraulic gradients between ground water in the lakebed and the lake. The estimated net annual seepage out of the lake determined by the second method of 9.56 x 10<sup>7</sup> feet<sup>3</sup> per year was greater by an order of magnitude than the value determined by the first method, which was 7.63 x 10<sup>6</sup> feet<sup>3</sup> per year.</p>\n<p>The net seepage out of Vadnais Lake was a small part of the lake water budget. Inflow to the lake is mostly streamflow from Sucker Creek, which is water from the Mississippi River routed through a series of lakes. Outflow from the lake is mostly withdrawals by the St Paul Water Utility. The net seepage out of the lake between spring and winter was from less than 1 to about 4 percent of the total loss attributed to withdrawals and evaporation.</p>\n<p>The quality of the ground water in the study area was similar to the quality measured in shallow glacial-drift aquifers throughout Minnesota. Calcium magnesium bicarbonate water was the dominant type. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples were below detection limits. The concentration of total phosphorus in ground-water samples generally was below 0.15 milligrams per liter.</p>\n<p>The results of the seepage analysis and ground-water quality evaluation indicate that the effect of the quality of the surrounding ground water on the quality of Vadnais Lake probably was small. Ground water that discharged to the lake generally had lower concentrations of calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and total dissolved solids than the lake. The mixing of ground water with the lake slightly diluted the lake with respect to these constituents.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri944062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Paul Water Utility and the Vadnais Lake Area Watershed Management Organization","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., 1994, Quality of ground water around Vadnais Lake and in Lambert Creek watershed, and interaction of ground water with Vadnais Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4062, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944062.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58296,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4062/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4062/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Vadnais Lake and Lambert Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.10604095458984,\n              45.04199287723725\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.10604095458984,\n              45.108181031163305\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.98828125,\n              45.108181031163305\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.98828125,\n              45.04199287723725\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.10604095458984,\n              45.04199287723725\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, J. F.","contributorId":81866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21345,"text":"ofr9333 - 1994 - Ground-water quality and geochemistry in Carson and Eagle Valleys, western Nevada and eastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-18T11:22:58.709129","indexId":"ofr9333","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-33","title":"Ground-water quality and geochemistry in Carson and Eagle Valleys, western Nevada and eastern California","docAbstract":"Aquifers in Carson and Eagle Valleys are an important source of water for human consumption and agriculture. Concentrations of major constituents in water from the principal aquifers on the west sides of Carson and Eagle Valleys appear to be a result of natural geochemical reactions with minerals derived primarily from plutonic rocks. In general, water from principal aquifers is acceptable for drinking when compared with current (1993) Nevada State drinking-water maximum contaminant level standards. Water was collected and analyzed for all inorganic constituents for which primary or secondary drinking-water standards have been established. About 3 percent of these sites had con- stituents that exceeded one or more primary or secondary drinking-water standards have been established. About 3 percent of these sites had con- stituents that exceeded one or more primary standards and water at about 10 percent of the sites had at least one constituent that surpassed a secondary standard. Arsenic exceeded the standard in water at less than 1 percent of the principal aquifer sites; nitrate surpassed its standard in water at 3 percent of 93 sites. Water from wells in the principal aquifer with high concentrations of nitrate was in areas where septic systems are used; these concentrations indicate that contamination may be entering the wells. Concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides in water from the principal aquifers, exceed the proposed Federal standards for some constituents, but were not found t be above current (1993) State standards. The uranium concen- trations exceeded the proposed 20 micrograms per liter Federal standard at 10 percent of the sites. Of the sites analyzed for all of the inorganic constituents with primary standards plus uranium, 15 percent exceed one or more established standards. If the proposed 20 micrograms per liter standard for uranium is applied to the sampled sites, then 23 percent would exceed the standard for uranium or some other constituent with a primary drinking water standard. This represents a 50-percent increase in the frequency of exceedance. Almost all water sampled from the principal aquifers exceeds the 300 picocuries per liter proposed standard for radon. Ground-water sampling sites with the highest radon activities in water are most commonly located in the upland aquifers in the Sierra Nevada and in the principal aquifers beneath the west sides of Carson and Eagle Valleys.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9333","usgsCitation":"Welch, A., 1994, Ground-water quality and geochemistry in Carson and Eagle Valleys, western Nevada and eastern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-33, vi, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9333.","productDescription":"vi, 99 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":50907,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0033/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38206,"text":"pp1538M - 1994 - Elements of infrastructure and seismic hazard in the central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:01","indexId":"pp1538M","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1538","chapter":"M","title":"Elements of infrastructure and seismic hazard in the central United States","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1811-12, three of the largest historic earthquakes in the United States occurred near New Madrid, Missouri. Seismicity continues to the present day throughout a tightly clustered patter of epicenters centered on the bootheel of Missouri, including parts of northeastern Arkansas, northwestern Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. In 1990, the New Madrid seismic zone/central United States became the first seismically active region east of the Rocky Mountains to be designated a priority research area within the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). This Professional Paper is a collection of papers, some published separately, presenting results of the newly intensified research program in this area. Major components of this research program include tectonic framework studies, seismicity and deformation monitoring and modeling, improved seismic hazard and risk assessments, and cooperative hazard mitigation studies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1538M","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., Rhea, B.S., and Tarr, A.C., 1994, Elements of infrastructure and seismic hazard in the central United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1538, p. M1-M18; 3 plates in separate case, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1538M.","productDescription":"p. M1-M18; 3 plates in separate case","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104675,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4924.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4924"},{"id":122597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538m/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64506,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538m/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64507,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538m/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64508,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538m/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64509,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538m/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db60615c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rhea, B. Susan","contributorId":98775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhea","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5009,"text":"fs01494 - 1994 - Zebra mussels in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"fs01494","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"014-94","title":"Zebra mussels in the eastern United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs01494","usgsCitation":"Haag, K.H., 1994, Zebra mussels in the eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 014-94, [2] p. : ill. ; 28 cm. ill. ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01494.","productDescription":"[2] p. : ill. ; 28 cm. ill. ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94738,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0014/report.pdf","size":"314","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0014/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haag, Kim H. khhaag@usgs.gov","contributorId":381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"Kim","email":"khhaag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29471,"text":"wri944135 - 1994 - Analysis of data on nutrients and organic compounds in ground water in the upper Snake River basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, 1980-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-22T12:10:16","indexId":"wri944135","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4135","title":"Analysis of data on nutrients and organic compounds in ground water in the upper Snake River basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, 1980-91","docAbstract":"Nutrient and organic compound data from the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STORET data bases provided information for development of a preliminary conceptual model of spatial and temporal ground-water quality in the upper Snake River Basin. Nitrite plus nitrate (as nitrogen; hereafter referred to as nitrate) concentrations exceeded the Federal drinking-water regulation of 10 milligrams per liter in three areas in Idaho\" the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, the area north of Pocatello (Fort Hall area), and the area surrounding Burley. Water from many wells in the Twin Falls area also contained elevated (greater than two milligrams per liter) nitrate concentrations. Water from domestic wells contained the highest median nitrate concentrations; water from industrial and public supply wells contained the lowest. Nitrate concentrations decreased with increasing well depth, increasing depth to water (unsaturated thickness), and increasing depth below water table (saturated thickness). Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations decreased with increasing well depth and depth below water table. The relation between kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations and depth to water was poor. Nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations in water from wells were correlated among three hydrogeomorphic regions in the upper Snake River Basin, Concentrations of nitrate were statistically higher in the eastern Snake River Plain and local aquifers than in the tributary valleys. There was no statistical difference in total phosphorus concentrations among the three hydrogeomorphic regions. Nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations were correlated with land-use classifications developed using the Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System. Concentrations of nitrate were statistically higher in area of agricultural land than in areas of rangeland. There was no statistical difference in concentrations between rangeland and urban land and between urban land and agricultural land. There was no statistical difference in total phosphorus concentrations among any of the land-use classifications. Nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations also were correlated with land-use classifications developed by the Idaho Department of Water Resources for the Idaho part of the upper Snake River Basin. Nitrate concentrations were statistically higher in areas of irrigated agriculture than in areas of dryland agriculture and rangeland. There was no statistical difference in total phosphorus concentrations among any of the Idaho Department of Water Resources land-use classifications. Data were sufficient to assess long-term trends of nitrate concentrations in water from only eight wells: four wells north of Burley and four wells northwest of Pocatello. The trend in nitrate concentrations in water from all wells in upward. The following organic compounds were detected in ground water in the upper Snake River Basin: cyanazine, 2,4-D DDT, dacthal, diazinon, dichloropropane, dieldrin, malathion, and metribuzin. Of 211 wells sampled for organic compounds, water from 17 contained detectable concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944135","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., 1994, Analysis of data on nutrients and organic compounds in ground water in the upper Snake River basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, 1980-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4135, iii, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944135.","productDescription":"iii, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"45","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1991-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58317,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Montana;Nevada;Utah;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.0,41.5 ], [ -115.0,45.0 ], [ -110.0,45.0 ], [ -110.0,41.5 ], [ -115.0,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680a42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}