{"pageNumber":"3030","pageRowStart":"75725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184743,"records":[{"id":70024330,"text":"70024330 - 2002 - Seismic-reflection profiles of the central part of the Clarendon-Linden fault system of western New York in relation to regional seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024330","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic-reflection profiles of the central part of the Clarendon-Linden fault system of western New York in relation to regional seismicity","docAbstract":"Geological and geophysical research in upstate New York, with few exceptions, has not definitively associated seismicity with specific Proterozoic basement or Paleozoic bedrock structures. The central part of the Clarendon-Linden fault system (CLFS) between Batavia and Dale, NY is one of those exceptions where seismicity has been studied and has been spatially associated with structure. The CLFS is either a complex system of long faults with associated shorter branches and parallel segments, or a region of many short faults aligned north-south from the Lake Ontario shore southward to Allegany County, NY. Interpretation of 38 km of Vibroseis and approximately 56 km of conventional seismic-reflection data along 13 lines suggests that the CLFS is a broad zone of small faults with small displacements in the lower Paleozoic bedrock section that is at least 77 km long and 7-17 km wide and spatially coincident with a northtrending geophysical (combined aeromagnetic and gravity) lineament within the basement. The relative offset across the faults of the system is more than 91 m near Attica, NY. The CLFS is the expression of tectonic crustal adjustments within the Paleozoic rock above the boundary of two basement megablocks of differing petrologic provinces and differing earthquake characteristics that forms the eastern side of the Elzevir-Frontenac boundary zone. Deep seismic-reflection profiles display concave-eastward listric faults that probably merge at depth near the mid-crustal boundary layer. An interpretive vertical section provides the setting for refined definitions of the CLFS, its extensions at depth and its relation to seismicity. Most modern seismicity in western New York and the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario occurs in apparent patterns of randomly dispersed activity. The sole exception is a line of seven epicenters of small earthquakes that trend east from Attica, NY into the Rochester basement megablock. Earthquakes may be triggered at the intersections of north- and east-trending brittle faults within the Niagara basement megablock. Current interpretations of the mechanisms for earthquake generation in western New York and the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario require conservative estimates of seismic hazards that assume that an earthquake the size of the 1929 Attica, NY, event (Mb = 5.2) or larger could occur anywhere in the Eastern Great Lakes Basin (EGLB). The broad zone of small-displacement faults that marks the CLFS in the lower Paleozoic sedimentary section and the uppermost basement may not provide the structural environment for generation of earthquakes in western New York. If this interpretation is correct, most seismicity is generated within the Niagara basement megablock beneath or west of the CLFS. Consequently, we may have to look to the deeper tectonic regime of basement megablocks to understand the distribution of modern seismicity in the EGLB. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00282-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Fakundiny, R., and Pomeroy, P., 2002, Seismic-reflection profiles of the central part of the Clarendon-Linden fault system of western New York in relation to regional seismicity: Tectonophysics, v. 353, no. 1-4, p. 173-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00282-2.","startPage":"173","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00282-2"},{"id":231885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"353","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b82e4b08c986b3178ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fakundiny, R.H.","contributorId":82493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fakundiny","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pomeroy, P.W.","contributorId":82887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomeroy","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024333,"text":"70024333 - 2002 - U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Paleoproterozoic Tagragra de Tata inlier and its Neoproterozoic cover, western Anti-Atlas, Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024333","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Paleoproterozoic Tagragra de Tata inlier and its Neoproterozoic cover, western Anti-Atlas, Morocco","docAbstract":"New U-Pb zircon data obtained by sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) from the Tagragra de Tata inlier in the western Anti-Atlas, Morocco establish Paleoproterozoic ages for the basement schists, granites, and metadolerites, and a Neoproterozoic age for an ignimbrite of the Ouarzazate Series in the cover sequence. The age of interbedded felsic metatuff in the metasedimentary and metavolcanic sequence of the basement schists is 2072 ?? 8 Ma. This date represents: (1) the first reliable age from the metasedimentary and metavolcanic sequence; (2) the oldest reliable age for the basement of the Anti-Atlas; (3) the first date on the timing of deposition of the sediments on the northern edge of the Paleoproterozoic West African craton; (4) a lower age limit on deformation during the Eburnean orogeny; and (5) the first date obtained from the non-granitic Paleoproterozoic basement of Morocco. Ages of 2046 ?? 7 Ma (Targant granite) and 2041 ?? 6 Ma (Oudad granite) support earlier interpretations of a Paleoproterozoic Eburnean igneous event in the Anti-Atlas. The granites post-date the Eburnean D1 deformation event in the Paleoproterozoic schist sequence, and place a ???2046 Ma limit on short-lived Eburnean deformation in the area. Cross-cutting metadolerite is 2040 ?? 6 Ma; this is the first date from a metadolerite in the western Anti-Atlas. All of the dolerites in the area post-date emplacement of the two granites and the new age constrains the onset of late- or post-Eburnean extension. Ignimbrite of the Ouarzazate Series, immediately above the Paleoproterozoic basement is 565 ?? 7 Ma. This Neoproterozoic age agrees with ages of similar volcanic rocks elsewhere from the Ouarzazate Series. The date also agrees with the ages of associated hypabyssal intrusions, and marks the second and final stage of Pan-African orogenic activity in the western Anti-Atlas. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Precambrian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0301-9268(02)00044-X","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G., Aleinikoff, J.N., Benziane, F., Yazidi, A., and Armstrong, T.R., 2002, U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Paleoproterozoic Tagragra de Tata inlier and its Neoproterozoic cover, western Anti-Atlas, Morocco: Precambrian Research, v. 117, no. 1-2, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(02)00044-X.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207208,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(02)00044-X"},{"id":231961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9d7e4b08c986b327e4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, G. J. 0000-0003-4264-8836","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":47409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benziane, F.","contributorId":48732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benziane","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yazidi, A.","contributorId":51498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yazidi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Armstrong, T. R.","contributorId":91528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024756,"text":"70024756 - 2002 - Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024756","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"We analyze the source properties of a sequence of triggered earthquakes that occurred near the Salton Sea in southern California in the immediate aftermath of the M 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake of 16 October 1999. The sequence produced a number of early events that were not initially located by the regional network, including two moderate earthquakes: the first within 30 sec of the P-wave arrival and a second approximately 10 minutes after the mainshock. We use available amplitude and waveform data from these events to estimate magnitudes to be approximately 4.7 and 4.4, respectively, and to obtain crude estimates of their locations. The sequence of small events following the initial M 4.7 earthquake is clustered and suggestive of a local aftershock sequence. Using both broadband TriNet data and analog data from the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), we also investigate the spectral characteristics of the M 4.4 event and other triggered earthquakes using empirical Green's function (EGF) analysis. We find that the source spectra of the events are consistent with expectations for tectonic (brittle shear failure) earthquakes, and infer stress drop values of 0.1 to 6 MPa for six M 2.1 to M 4.4 events. The estimated stress drop values are within the range observed for tectonic earthquakes elsewhere. They are relatively low compared to typically observed stress drop values, which is consistent with expectations for faulting in an extensional, high heat flow regime. The results therefore suggest that, at least in this case, triggered earthquakes are associated with a brittle shear failure mechanism. This further suggests that triggered earthquakes may tend to occur in geothermal-volcanic regions because shear failure occurs at, and can be triggered by, relatively low stresses in extensional regimes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000910","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., and Kanamori, H., 2002, Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 4, p. 1281-1289, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000910.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1289","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478724,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140115-154238987","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207914,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000910"},{"id":233208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b933be4b08c986b31a3a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kanamori, H.","contributorId":55438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023817,"text":"70023817 - 2002 - Effects of fire and post-fire salvage logging on avian communities in conifer-dominated forests of the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023817","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of fire and post-fire salvage logging on avian communities in conifer-dominated forests of the western United States","docAbstract":"Historically, fire was one of the most widespread natural disturbances in the western United States. More recently, however, significant anthropogenic activities, especially fire suppression and silvicultural practices, have altered fire regimes; as a result, landscapes and associated communities have changed as well. Herein, we review current knowledge of how fire and post-fire salvaging practices affect avian communities in conifer-dominated forests of the western United States. Specifically, we contrast avian communities in (1) burned vs. unburned forest, and (2) unsalvaged vs. salvage-logged burns. We also examine how variation in burn characteristics (e.g., severity, age, size) and salvage logging can alter avian communities in burns. Of the 41 avian species observed in three or more studies comparing early post-fire and adjacent unburned forests, 22% are consistently more abundant in burned forests, 34% are usually more abundant in unburned forests, and 44% are equally abundant in burned and unburned forests or have varied responses. In general, woodpeckers and aerial foragers are more abundant in burned forest, whereas most foliage-gleaning species are more abundant in unburned forests. Bird species that are frequently observed in stand-replacement burns are less common in understory burns; similarly, species commonly observed in unburned forests often decrease in abundance with increasing burn severity. Granivores and species common in open-canopy forests exhibit less consistency among studies. For all species, responses to fire may be influenced by a number of factors including burn severity, fire size and shape, proximity to unburned forests, pre- and post-fire cover types, and time since fire. In addition, post-fire management can alter species' responses to burns. Most cavity-nesting species do not use severely salvaged burns, whereas some cavity-nesters persist in partially salvaged burns. Early post-fire specialists, in particular, appear to prefer unsalvaged burns. We discuss several alternatives to severe salvage-logging that will help provide habitat for cavity nesters. We provide an overview of critical research questions and design considerations crucial for evaluating the effects of prescribed fire and other anthropogenic disturbances, such as forest fragmentation. Management of native avifaunas may be most successful if natural disturbance regimes, including fire, are permitted to occur when possible. Natural fires could be augmented with practices, such as prescribed fire (including high-severity fire), that mimic inherent disturbance regimes.","largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology","language":"English","issn":"01979922","usgsCitation":"Kotliar, N., Hejl, S., Hutto, R., Saab, V., Melcher, C., and McFadzen, M., 2002, Effects of fire and post-fire salvage logging on avian communities in conifer-dominated forests of the western United States, <i>in</i> Studies in Avian Biology, no. 25, p. 49-64.","startPage":"49","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06ede4b0c8380cd514ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kotliar, N.B.","contributorId":7649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hejl, S.J.","contributorId":71916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hejl","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutto, R.L.","contributorId":29347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutto","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saab, V.A.","contributorId":70328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saab","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia","contributorId":101593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McFadzen, M.E.","contributorId":87878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFadzen","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70194935,"text":"70194935 - 2002 - Miscellaneous methods for measuring matric or water potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T17:46:49","indexId":"70194935","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5605,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Book Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"5.4","chapter":"3.2.4","title":"Miscellaneous methods for measuring matric or water potential","docAbstract":"<p>A variety of techniques to measure matric potential or water potential in the laboratory and in the field are described in this section. The techniques described herein require equilibration of some medium whose matric or water potential can be determined from previous calibration or can be measured directly. Under equilibrium conditions the matric or water potential of the medium is equal to that of the soil. The techniques can be divided into: (i) those that measure matric potential and (ii) those that measure water potential (sum of matric and osmotic potentials). Matric potential is determined when the sensor matrix is in direct contact with the soil, so salts are free to diffuse in or out of the sensor matrix, and the equilibrium measurement therefore reflects matric forces acting on the water. Water potential is determined when the sensor is separated from the soil by a vapor gap, so salts are not free to move in or out of the sensor, and the equilibrium measurement reflects the sum of the matric and osmotic forces acting on the water.</p><p>Seven different techniques are described in this section. Those that measure matric potential include (i) heat dissipation sensors, (ii) electrical resistance sensors, (iii) frequency domain and time domain sensors, and (iv) electro-optical switches. A method that can be used to measure matric potential or water potential is the (v) filter paper method. Techniques that measure water potential include (vi) the Dew Point Potentiameter (Decagon Devices, Inc., Pullman, WA1) (water activity meter) and (vii) vapor equilibration.</p><p>The first four techniques are electronically based methods for measuring matric potential. Heat dissipation sensors and electrical resistance sensors infer matric potential from previously determined calibration relations between sensor heat dissipation or electrical resistance and matric potential. Frequency-domain and timedomain matric potential sensors measure water content, which is related to matric potential of the sensor through calibration. Electro-optical switches measure changes in light transmission through thin, nylon filters as they absorb or desorb water in response to changes in matric potential. Heat dissipation sensors and electrical resistance sensors are used primarily in the field to provide information on matric potential. Frequency domain matric potential sensors are new and have not been widely used. Time domain matric potential sensors and electro-optical switches are new and have not been commercialized. For the fifth technique, filter paper is used as the standard matrix. The filter paper technique measures matric potential when the filter paper is in direct contact with soil or water potential when separated from soil by a vapor gap. The Dew Point Potentiameter calculates water potential from the measured dew point and sample temperature. The vapor equilibration technique involves equilibration of soil samples with salt solutions of known osmotic potential. The filter paper, Dew Point Potentiameter, and vapor equilibration techniques are generally used in the laboratory to measure water potential of disturbed field samples or to measure water potential for water retention functions.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 4 Physical Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c23","isbn":"978-0-89118-893-3","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Andraski, B.J., and Bilskie, J., 2002, Miscellaneous methods for measuring matric or water potential, chap. 3.2.4 <i>of</i> Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 4 Physical Methods: Soil Science Society of America Book Series, p. 643-670, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c23.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"670","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7192a7e4b0a9a2e9dbe022","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dane, Jacob H.","contributorId":91371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dane","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726205,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topp, G. Clarke","contributorId":92664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Topp","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clarke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726206,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bilskie, Jim","contributorId":28529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bilskie","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1016155,"text":"1016155 - 2002 - Links between worlds: Unraveling migratory connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T22:43:38","indexId":"1016155","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Links between worlds: Unraveling migratory connectivity","docAbstract":"Migration is the regular seasonal movement of animals from one place to another, often from a breeding site to a nonbreeding site and back. Because the act of migration makes it difficult to follow individuals and populations year round, our understanding of the ecology and evolution of migrating organisms, particularly birds, has been severely impeded. Exciting new advances in satellite telemetry, genetic analyses and stable isotope chemistry are now making it possible to determine the population and geographical origin of individual birds. Here, we review these new approaches and consider the relevance of understanding migratory connectivity to ecological, evolutionary and conservation issues.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02380-1","usgsCitation":"Webster, M., Marra, P., Haig, S.M., Bensch, S., and Holmes, R.T., 2002, Links between worlds: Unraveling migratory connectivity: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 17, no. 2, p. 76-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02380-1.","startPage":"76","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268075,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02380-1"},{"id":133399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5105","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webster, M.","contributorId":48925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marra, P.P.","contributorId":90683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marra","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bensch, S.","contributorId":37699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bensch","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmes, Richard T.","contributorId":45269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024323,"text":"70024323 - 2002 - Middle Palaeolithic refugium, or archaeological misconception? A new U-Series and radiocarbon chronology of Abric Agut (Capellades, Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024323","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Palaeolithic refugium, or archaeological misconception? A new U-Series and radiocarbon chronology of Abric Agut (Capellades, Spain)","docAbstract":"New U-Series and C14 (AMS) dates are provided for the Abric Agut (Capellades, Barcelona, Spain). This site was previously considered to be of Middle Palaeolithic age according to the characteristics of the lithic assemblage. In addition, human teeth were uncovered and attributed to neandertals. However, radiometric dating clearly indicates a Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene age. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jasc.2001.0794","issn":"03054403","usgsCitation":"Vaquero, M., Esteban, M., Allue, E., Vallverdu, J., Carbonell, E., and Bischoff, J.L., 2002, Middle Palaeolithic refugium, or archaeological misconception? A new U-Series and radiocarbon chronology of Abric Agut (Capellades, Spain): Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 29, no. 9, p. 953-958, https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0794.","startPage":"953","endPage":"958","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0794"},{"id":231774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56d9e4b0c8380cd6d888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaquero, Manola","contributorId":86131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaquero","given":"Manola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esteban, M.","contributorId":48349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esteban","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allue, E.","contributorId":20116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allue","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vallverdu, J.","contributorId":69326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallverdu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carbonell, E.","contributorId":88107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbonell","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023818,"text":"70023818 - 2002 - A compact high-resolution 3-D imaging spectrometer for discovering Oases on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023818","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A compact high-resolution 3-D imaging spectrometer for discovering Oases on Mars","docAbstract":"A new design for a very lightweight, very high throughput reflectance sectrometer enabled by two new technologies being developed is presented. These new technologies include integral field unit optics to enable simultaneous imaging and spectroscopy at high spatial resolution with an infrared (IR) array, and silicon grisms to enable compact and high-resolution spectroscopy.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology V","conferenceDate":"22 August 2002 through 23 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Waikoloa, HI","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.457334","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Ge, J., Ren, D., Lunine, J., Brown, R.H., Yelle, R., and Soderblom, L., 2002, A compact high-resolution 3-D imaging spectrometer for discovering Oases on Mars, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4859, Waikoloa, HI, 22 August 2002 through 23 August 2002, p. 45-56, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.457334.","startPage":"45","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207510,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.457334"},{"id":232512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4859","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e34ce4b0c8380cd45f59","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hoover R.B.Rozanov A.Y.Paepe R.R.","contributorId":128388,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hoover R.B.Rozanov A.Y.Paepe R.R.","id":536506,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Ge, J.","contributorId":14980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ren, D.","contributorId":79212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunine, J. I.","contributorId":51899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lunine","given":"J. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yelle, R.V.","contributorId":74523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yelle","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1016270,"text":"1016270 - 2002 - Effects of habitat fragmentation on passerine birds breeding in Intermountain shrubsteppe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T15:49:20","indexId":"1016270","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of habitat fragmentation on passerine birds breeding in Intermountain shrubsteppe","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., and Rotenberry, J., 2002, Effects of habitat fragmentation on passerine birds breeding in Intermountain shrubsteppe: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 25, p. 130-140.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15112,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://fresc.usgs.gov/products/papers/1236_Knick.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"2664.000000000000000"},{"id":132980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db61518a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rotenberry, John","contributorId":7670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotenberry","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016054,"text":"1016054 - 2002 - Nitrogen loss from nonpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T15:34:57.596678","indexId":"1016054","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen loss from nonpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Conceptual</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e377\" title=\"Likens, G. E. &amp; Bormann, F. H. Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem 2nd edn (Springer, New York, 1995).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR1\">1</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e380\" title=\"Aber, J. et al. Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems: Hypotheses revisited. BioScience 48, 921–34 (1998).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR2\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR2\">2</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e383\" title=\"Tamm, C. O. Nitrogen in Terrestrial Ecosystems (Springer, Berlin, 1991).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR3\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 3\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR3\">3</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e386\" title=\"Stoddard, J. L. in Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs (ed. Baker, L. A.) 223–284 (American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 1994).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR4\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 4\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR4\">4</a></sup><span>&nbsp;and numerical</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e390\" title=\"Schimel, D. S., Braswell, B. H. &amp; Parton, W. J. Equilibration of the terrestrial water, nitrogen, and carbon cycles. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 8280–8283 (1997).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR5\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 5\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR5\">5</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e393\" title=\"Rastetter, E. B. et al. Resource optimization and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Ecosystems 4, 369–388 (2001).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR6\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 6\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR6\">6</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e396\" title=\"McGuire, A. D. et al. Equilibrium responses of global net primary production and carbon storage to doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide: sensitivity to changes in vegetation nitrogen concentration. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 11, 173–189 (1997).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR7\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 7\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR7\">7</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e399\" title=\"McKane, R. B. et al. Climatic effects on tundra carbon storage inferred from experimental data and a model. Ecology 78, 1170–1187 (1997).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR8\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 8\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR8\">8</a></sup><span>&nbsp;models of nitrogen cycling in temperate forests assume that nitrogen is lost from these ecosystems predominantly by way of inorganic forms, such as nitrate and ammonium ions. Of these, nitrate is thought to be particularly mobile, being responsible for nitrogen loss to deep soil and stream waters. But human activities—such as fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer production and land-use change—have substantially altered the nitrogen cycle over large regions</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e403\" title=\"Vitousek, P. M. et al. Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Sources and consequences. Ecol. Appl. 7, 737–750 (1997).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR9\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 9\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR9\">9</a></sup><span>, making it difficult to separate natural aspects of nitrogen cycling from those induced by human perturbations</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e407\" title=\"Hedin, L. O., Armesto, J. J. &amp; Johnson, A. H. Patterns of nutrient loss from unpolluted, old-growth temperate forests: Evaluation of biogeochemical theory. Ecology 76, 493–509 (1995).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR10\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 10\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR10\">10</a></sup><span>. Here we report stream chemistry data from 100 unpolluted primary forests in temperate South America. Although the sites exhibit a broad range of environmental factors that influence ecosystem nutrient cycles</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e411\" title=\"Jenny, H. Factors of Soil Formation (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1941).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR11\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 11\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR11\">11</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e414\" title=\"Gorham, E. Factors influencing supply of major ions to inland waters, with special reference to the atmosphere. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 72, 795–840 (1961).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR12\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 12\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR12\">12</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e417\" title=\"Vitousek, P. M. &amp; Reiners, W. A. Ecosystem succession and nutrient retention: a hypothesis. BioScience 25, 376–381 (1975).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR13\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 13\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR13\">13</a></sup><span>&nbsp;(such as climate, parent material, time of ecosystem development, topography and biotic diversity), we observed a remarkably consistent pattern of nitrogen loss across all forests. In contrast to findings from forests in polluted regions, streamwater nitrate concentrations are exceedingly low, such that nitrate to ammonium ratios were less than unity, and dissolved organic nitrogen is responsible for the majority of nitrogen losses from these forests. We therefore suggest that organic nitrogen losses should be considered in models of forest nutrient cycling, which could help to explain observations of nutrient limitation in temperate forest ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/415416a","usgsCitation":"Perakis, S., and Hedin, L.O., 2002, Nitrogen loss from nonpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds: Nature, v. 415, no. 6870, p. 416-419, https://doi.org/10.1038/415416a.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"419","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina, Chile","otherGeospatial":"South America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              -55.67758441108951\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.0830078125,\n              -55.67758441108951\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.0830078125,\n              -39\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              -39\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              -55.67758441108951\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"415","issue":"6870","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db69720d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedin, L. O.","contributorId":28574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedin","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024755,"text":"70024755 - 2002 - Selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024755","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in California","docAbstract":"Selenium contamination represents one of the few clear cases where environmental pollution has led to devastation of wildlife populations, most notably in agricultural drainage evaporation and power plant coal-fly ash receiving ponds. Complex biogeochemistry, in particular extensive biotransformations and foodchain transfer, governs Se ecotoxicology and toxicology, for which the mechanism(s) are still elusive. However, total waterborne Se concentration has been widely used as a criterion for regulating and mitigating Se risk in aquatic ecosystems, which does not account for Se biogeochemistry and its site-dependence. There is a need for more reliable indicator(s) that encompass Se ecotoxicity and/or toxicity. Selenomethionine warrants special attention since it simulates Se toxicosis of wildlife in laboratory feeding studies. While low in free selenomethionine, microphytes isolated from Se-laden agricultural evaporation ponds were abundant in proteinaceous selenomethionine. This prompted a more extensive survey of Se speciation in foodchain organisms including microphytes, macroinvertebrates, fish, and bird embryos residing mainly in the agricultural drainage systems of the San Joaquin Valley, California. Total Se in biomass, water-soluble fractions, and protein-rich fractions were measured along with GC-MS analysis of proteinaceous selenomethionine. In all foodchain organisms, water-soluble Se constituted the major fraction of total biomass Se, while proteinaceous Se was a substantial, if not dominant, fraction of the water-soluble Se. In turn, proteinaceous selenomethionine comprised an important fraction of proteinaceous Se. In terms of total biomass Se, an average 1400-fold of Se biomagnification from water to microphytes was observed while subsequent transfer from microphytes to macroinvertebrates exhibited an average of only 1.9-fold. The latter transfer was more consistent and greater in extent for proteinaceous Se and proteinaceous selenomethionine, which is consistent with their importance in foodchain transfer. Proteinaceous Se in the omnivorous carp (Cyprinus carpio) liver also demonstrated a relation to ovarian lesions, while deformed stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) embryo was more abundant in proteinaceous selenomethionine than were normal embryos. Although limited in the number of organisms surveyed, these findings provide an impetus for further field and laboratory feeding studies to substantiate the hypothesis that proteinaceous selenomethionine underlies Se ecotoxicity, which may in turn prove to be a reliable indicator of Se risk in aquatic ecosystems. Copyright ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00261-2","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Spallholz, J., and Hoffman, D.J., 2002, Selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in California: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 57, no. 1-2, p. 65-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00261-2.","startPage":"65","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207913,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00261-2"},{"id":233207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ceee4b08c986b3181bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spallholz, J.E.","contributorId":74111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spallholz","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2001461,"text":"2001461 - 2002 - Fish Health Indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2001461","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"USGS/BRD/ITR-2002-0004","title":"Fish Health Indicators","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"02-004/FH","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Dethloff, G., and Wright, B., 2002, Fish Health Indicators: Information and Technology Report USGS/BRD/ITR-2002-0004, p. 89-134.","productDescription":"p. 89-134","startPage":"89","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":198505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f333f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dethloff, G.M.","contributorId":78047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethloff","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, B.","contributorId":71293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1016045,"text":"1016045 - 2002 - Response of old-growth conifers to reduction in stand density in western Oregon forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T16:52:38","indexId":"1016045","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3649,"text":"Tree Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of old-growth conifers to reduction in stand density in western Oregon forests","docAbstract":"<p>The positive growth response of healthy young trees to density reduction is well known. In contrast, large old trees are usually thought to be intrinsically limited in their ability to respond to increased growing space; therefore, density reduction is seldom used in stands of old-growth trees. We tested the null hypothesis that old-growth trees are incapable of responding with increased growth following density reduction. The diameter growth response of 271 Douglas-fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> (Mirb.) Franco), ponderosa pine (<i>Pinus ponderosa</i> Dougl. ex Laws) and sugar pine (<i>Pinus lambertiana</i> Dougl.) trees ranging in age from 158 to 650 years was examined 20 to 50 years after density reduction. Density reduction involved either light thinning with removal of less vigorous trees, or shelterwood treatments in which overstory trees were not removed. Ratios of basal area growth after treatment to basal area growth before treatment, and several other measures of growth, all indicated that the old trees sometimes benefited and were not harmed by density reduction. Growth increased by 10% or more for 68% of the trees in treated stands, and nearly 30% of trees increased growth by over 50%. This growth response persisted for at least 20 years. During this 20-year period, only three trees in treated stands (1.5%) exhibited a rapid decrease in growth, whereas growth decreased in 64% of trees in untreated stands. The length of time before a growth response to density reduction occurred varied from 5 to 25 years, with the greatest growth response often occurring 20 to 25 years after treatment. These results have important implications both for the basic biology of aging in woody plants as well as for silvicultural practices in forests with old-growth trees.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Heron Publishing","publisherLocation":"Victoria, Canada","doi":"10.1093/treephys/22.2-3.137","usgsCitation":"Latham, P., and Tappeiner, J.C., 2002, Response of old-growth conifers to reduction in stand density in western Oregon forests: Tree Physiology, v. 22, no. 2-3, p. 137-146, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.2-3.137.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"22","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latham, P.","contributorId":28576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latham","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tappeiner, J. C. II","contributorId":103235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappeiner","given":"J.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016221,"text":"1016221 - 2002 - Abundances of northwestern salamander larvae in montane lakes with and without fish, Mount Rainier National Park, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:00","indexId":"1016221","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundances of northwestern salamander larvae in montane lakes with and without fish, Mount Rainier National Park, Washington","docAbstract":"In Mount Rainier National Park, the northwestern salamander usually inhabits relatively large and deep lakes and ponds (average size = 0.3 ha; average depth > 2 m) that contain flocculent, organic bottom sediments and abundant coarse wood. Prior to 1970, salmonids were introduced into many of the park's lakes and ponds that were typical habitat of the northwestern salamander. The objective of this study was to compare, in lakes and ponds with suitable habitat characteristics for northwestern salamanders, the observed abundances of larvae in takes and ponds with and without these introduced salmonids. Day surveys of 61 lakes were conducted between 1993 and 1999. Fish were limited to takes and ponds deeper than 2 in. For the 48 lakes and ponds deeper than 2 in (i.e., 25 fishless lakes and 23 fish lakes), the mean and median observed abundances of northwestern salamander larvae in fishless lakes and ponds was significantly greater than the mean and median observed abundances of larvae in lakes and ponds with fish. Northwestern salamander larvae were not observed in 11 fish lakes. These lakes were similar in median elevation, surface area, and maximum depth to the fishless lakes. The 12 fish lakes with observed larvae were significantly lower in median elevation, larger in median surface area, and deeper in median maximum depth than the fishless lakes. Low to null observed abundances of northwestern salamander larvae in lakes and ponds with fish were attributed to a combination of fish predation of larvae and changes in larval behavior.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Larson, G.L., and Hoffman, R.L., 2002, Abundances of northwestern salamander larvae in montane lakes with and without fish, Mount Rainier National Park, Washington: Northwest Science, v. 76, no. 1, p. 35-40.","productDescription":"p. 35-40","startPage":"35","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698983","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, Robert L.","contributorId":52931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70194847,"text":"70194847 - 2002 - The cascading effects of fire exclusion in Rocky Mountain ecosystems","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70194847,"text":"70194847 - 2002 - The cascading effects of fire exclusion in Rocky Mountain ecosystems","indexId":"70194847","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"7","title":"The cascading effects of fire exclusion in Rocky Mountain ecosystems"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70174912,"text":"70174912 - 2002 - Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective","indexId":"70174912","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70174912,"text":"70174912 - 2002 - Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective","indexId":"70174912","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:57:53","indexId":"70194847","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"The cascading effects of fire exclusion in Rocky Mountain ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Island Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","isbn":"9781559639545","usgsCitation":"Keane, R., Ryan, K., Veblen, T., Allen, C.D., Logan, J., and Hawkes, B., 2002, The cascading effects of fire exclusion in Rocky Mountain ecosystems, chap. 7 <i>of</i> Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective, p. 133-152.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://islandpress.org/book/rocky-mountain-futures"}],"otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6857f4e4b06e28e9c65f3c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725617,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Keane, R.E.","contributorId":13170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keane","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, K.C.","contributorId":34455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Veblen, T.","contributorId":107018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veblen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Logan, J.","contributorId":97447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hawkes, B.","contributorId":43295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1016220,"text":"1016220 - 2002 - Golden eagles in the U.S. and Canada: Status, trends, and conservation challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:51","indexId":"1016220","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Golden eagles in the U.S. and Canada: Status, trends, and conservation challenges","docAbstract":"We reviewed the literature to assess status and population trends and to identify mortality\r\nfactors affecting Golden Eagle populations in the U.S. and Canada. Nesting populations in Alaska and Canada are stable, but some nesting populations in the western U.S. have declined. Small but steady declines in the intermountain West have been associated with shrub loss and declining jackrabbit populations; declines in southern California have been attributed to urbanization. Migration counts in the eastern U.S. suggest a decline in Golden Eagles from the 1930s to the early 1970s, with a stable or increasing trend since the early 1970s. No significant trends in migration counts were reported for Golden Eagles in the western U.S. sincet he mid-1980s. Western migration count sites on the continental\r\ndivide in the Rocky Mountains at or just north of the U.S.-Canadian border (49-51??N latitude) show potential to provide information on trends of Golden Eagle populations from Alaska and western Canada. Most eagle mortality is human related. This paper illustrates the need for more effective monitoring of Golden Eagle populations in North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kochert, M.N., and Steenhof, K., 2002, Golden eagles in the U.S. and Canada: Status, trends, and conservation challenges: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 36, p. 32-40.","productDescription":"p. 32-40","startPage":"32","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016224,"text":"1016224 - 2002 - Residency and movement patterns of wintering dunlin in the Willamette Valley of Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T15:32:58.386114","indexId":"1016224","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residency and movement patterns of wintering dunlin in the Willamette Valley of Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the winters of 1998–1999 and 1999–2000, we tracked 67 radio-marked Dunlin (</span><i>Calidris alpina</i><span>) throughout the complex agricultural landscape of the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Individual birds were tracked across 8-week sampling periods and indicated a high degree of regional fidelity throughout the three winter sampling periods. Birds exhibited varied degrees of fidelity to specific wetland sites and were detected at an average of nine different sites. Distances traveled within the region were extensive and greatest during late winter. Females ranged farther from capture sites than males, and movement from capture sites for all birds was greatest during late winter. Mean home-range size (95% minimum convex polygons) of birds was 258.2 ± 44.8 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;(SE) and was greatest during late winter. Diurnal roosts were identified as centers of activities and daily movements were most pronounced during crepuscular periods. These data represent the most extensive documentation of winter movements for a shorebird at an inland site. Findings indicate Dunlin were winter residents, and extensive local movements suggest a high degree of functional connectivity of habitats.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/104.2.271","usgsCitation":"Sanzenbacher, P.M., and Haig, S.M., 2002, Residency and movement patterns of wintering dunlin in the Willamette Valley of Oregon: Condor, v. 104, no. 2, p. 271-280, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.2.271.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.2.271","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.5577392578125,\n              43.929549935614595\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34374999999999,\n              43.929549935614595\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34374999999999,\n              45.61403741135093\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5577392578125,\n              45.61403741135093\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5577392578125,\n              43.929549935614595\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanzenbacher, Peter M.","contributorId":90260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanzenbacher","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13016,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":323767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024322,"text":"70024322 - 2002 - Estuaries as nurseries for the jacks Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus (Carangidae) in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024322","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estuaries as nurseries for the jacks Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus (Carangidae) in Hawaii","docAbstract":"Estuaries provide juvenile nursery habitat for many species of fish that inhabit marine environments as adults. In Hawaii, some juvenile Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus occupy estuaries opportunistically before moving to nearshore ocean habitats. This study examined the extent and nature of estuarine habitat available in the lower Hanalei River of Kauai, the relative abundance and distribution of jacks in the estuary, and their diets. Salinity measurements indicated that the upstream extent of saltwater ranged from the mouth to nearly 5 km upriver and was strongly influenced by the variable river discharge. Juvenile jacks between 80 and 310 mm FL were observed on underwater transects over the full range of mixohaline conditions. Hand-operated seine collections produced overall catch rates of ???0.64 fish/haul for each of these species. The two jacks ate much the same spectrum of food items. C. ignobilis was somewhat more piscivorous than C. melampygus, as determined by measures of frequency of predation and number and bulk of prey. Data for length at age, incorporating daily otolith increment counts from these estuarine juveniles and previous counts from non-estuarine specimens, were fitted to a lifetime von Bertalanffy growth model. The results greatly extended the age range of the model and suggested that growth rates were not much different between estuarine and non-estuarine fish. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/ecss.2001.0909","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Smith, G., and Parrish, J., 2002, Estuaries as nurseries for the jacks Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus (Carangidae) in Hawaii: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 55, no. 3, p. 347-359, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0909.","startPage":"347","endPage":"359","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0909"},{"id":231773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bc1e4b0c8380cd52876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G.C.","contributorId":107063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrish, J.D.","contributorId":63083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016185,"text":"1016185 - 2002 - Optical characteristics of natural waters protect amphibians from UV-B in the U.S. Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T18:19:18.657368","indexId":"1016185","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optical characteristics of natural waters protect amphibians from UV-B in the U.S. Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"Increased exposure to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has been proposed as a major environmental stressor leading to global amphibian declines. Prior experimental evidence from the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) indicating the acute embryonic sensitivity of at least four amphibian species to UV-B has been central to the literature about amphibian decline. However, these results have not been expanded to address population-scale effects and natural landscape variation in UV-B transparency of water at amphibian breeding sites: both necessary links to assess the importance of UV-B for amphibian declines. We quantified the UV-B transparency of 136 potential amphibian breeding sites to establish the pattern of UV-B exposure across two montane regions in the PNW. Our data suggest that 85% of sites are naturally protected by dissolved organic matter in pond water, and that only a fraction of breeding sites are expected to experience UV-B intensities exceeding levels associated with elevated egg mortality. Thus, the spectral characteristics of natural waters likely mediate the physiological effects of UV-B on amphibian eggs in all but the clearest waters. These data imply that UV-B is unlikely to cause broad amphibian declines across the landscape of the American Northwest.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2951:OCONWP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Palen, W.J., Schindler, D.E., Adams, M.J., Pearl, C., Bury, R.B., and Diamond, S.A., 2002, Optical characteristics of natural waters protect amphibians from UV-B in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: Ecology, v. 83, no. 11, p. 2951-2957, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2951:OCONWP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2951","endPage":"2957","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.34374999999999,\n              45.19752230305682\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.33251953125,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.00292968749999,\n              42.06560675405716\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87109375,\n              41.261291493919884\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10205078125,\n              40.763901280945866\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4208984375,\n              40.93011520598305\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              41.19518982948959\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83837890625,\n              42.19596877629178\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              43.29320031385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.09130859375,\n              45.19752230305682\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4208984375,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34374999999999,\n              45.19752230305682\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db6913cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palen, Wendy J.","contributorId":69513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palen","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schindler, David E.","contributorId":60598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Diamond, S. A.","contributorId":41382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamond","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70170387,"text":"70170387 - 2002 - Bear reintroduction: Lessons and challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T19:06:05","indexId":"70170387","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-31T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bear reintroduction: Lessons and challenges","docAbstract":"<p>Reintroduction is defined as an attempt to establish a species in an area that was once part of its historical range, but from which it has been extirpated or become extinct. Historically, one of the most successful programs was the reintroduction of 254 American black bears (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) from Minnesota to the Interior Highlands of Arkansas in the 1960s; that population has grown to &gt;2,500 today. More recent efforts have involved fewer but better monitored animals and have sometimes employed techniques to improve site fidelity and survival. In Pennsylvania, for example, pregnant female American black bears were successfully translocated from winter dens, the premise being that the adult females would be less likely to return because of the presence of young cubs. That winter-release technique was compared to summer trapping and release in Tennessee; winter releases resulted in greater survival and reduced post-release movements. Homing has not been a problem for small numbers of brown bears (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) reintroduced to the Cabinet-Yaak ecosystem in Montana and Idaho and to the mountains of Austria and France. Reintroduction success appears to be correlated with translocation distance and is greater for subadults and females. As with any small population, reintroduced bear populations are susceptible to environmental variation and stochastic demographic and genetic processes. Although managers have focused on these biological barriers, sociopolitical impediments to bear reintroduction are more difficult to overcome. Poor public acceptance and understanding of bears are the main reasons some reintroduction programs have been derailed. Consequently, the public should be involved in the reintroduction process from the outset; overcoming negative public perceptions about bear reintroduction will be our greatest challenge.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., Huber, D., and Servheen, C., 2002, Bear reintroduction: Lessons and challenges: Ursus, v. 13, p. 335-345.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"345","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":320186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320356,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=ursvol13_10"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571756afe4b0ef3b7caa5fae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huber, Djuro","contributorId":168714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huber","given":"Djuro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Servheen, Christopher","contributorId":124584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Servheen","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31292,"text":"ofr01181 - 2002 - Methods to achieve accurate projection of regional and global raster databases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T13:55:24","indexId":"ofr01181","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-181","title":"Methods to achieve accurate projection of regional and global raster databases","docAbstract":"<p>Modeling regional and global activities of climatic and human-induced change requires accurate geographic data from which we can develop mathematical and statistical tabulations of attributes and properties of the environment. Many of these models depend on data formatted as raster cells or matrices of pixel values. Recently, it has been demonstrated that regional and global raster datasets are subject to significant error from mathematical projection and that these errors are of such magnitude that model results may be jeopardized (Steinwand, et al., 1995; Yang, et al., 1996; Usery and Seong, 2001; Seong and Usery, 2001). There is a need to develop methods of projection that maintain the accuracy of these datasets to support regional and global analyses and modeling</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01181","usgsCitation":"Usery, E.L., Seong, J.C., and Steinwand, D., 2002, Methods to achieve accurate projection of regional and global raster databases: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-181, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01181.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0181/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59726,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0181/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62ce17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seong, Jeong Chang","contributorId":75979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seong","given":"Jeong","email":"","middleInitial":"Chang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steinwand, Dan","contributorId":31438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70159737,"text":"70159737 - 2002 - Distribution of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, 1990-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T16:08:24.994648","indexId":"70159737","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-13T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, 1990-2000","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Yellowstone grizzly bear (<i>Ursus arctos horribilis</i>) has been expanding its range during the past 2 decades and now occupies historic habitats that had been vacant. A current understanding of the distribution of grizzly bears within the ecosystem is useful in the recovery process and to help guide the state and federal land management agencies and state wildlife agencies of Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana as they prepare management plans. We used kernel estimators to develop distribution maps of occupied habitats based on initial sightings of unduplicated females (n = 300) with cubs-of-the-year, information from radiomarked bears (n = 105), and locations of conflicts, confrontations, and mortalities (n = 1,235). Although each data set was constrained by potential sampling bias, together they provided insight into areas within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) currently occupied by grizzly bears. The current distribution (1990-2000) extends beyond the recovery zone identified in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Recovery Plan. Range expansion is particularly evident in the southern portion of the ecosystem in Wyoming. A comparison of our results from the 1990s to previously published distribution maps show an approximate increase in occupied habitat of 48% and 34% from the 1970s and 1980s, respectively. 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