Water resources data for the 2001 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This volume contains records for water discharge at 144 gaging stations; stage only at 10 gaging stations; stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 18 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 34 gaging stations; and water levels at 7 observation wells. Also included are data for 34 crest-stage partial-record stations. Locations of all these sites are shown on figure 8. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data together with the data in volumes 2 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Municipal, and Federal agencies in New York.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New York and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Butch, G.K., Murray, P.M., Robideau, J., and Gardner, J.A., 2002, Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 2001; Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-01-1, xvii, 573 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY011.","productDescription":"xvii, 573 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/ny-01-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":363752,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/ny-01-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.25,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.1,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.1,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butch, Gerard K. gkbutch@usgs.gov","contributorId":914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butch","given":"Gerard","email":"gkbutch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, Patricia M. pmurray@usgs.gov","contributorId":4863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Patricia","email":"pmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robideau, J.A.","contributorId":17617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robideau","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardner, J. A. II","contributorId":88606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":44952,"text":"wri024140 - 2002 - Techniques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural basins of South Carolina, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T16:12:41.01554","indexId":"wri024140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4140","title":"Techniques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural basins of South Carolina, 1999","docAbstract":"Data from 167 streamflow-gaging stations in or near South Carolina with 10 or more years of record through September 30, 1999, were used to develop two methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in South Carolina for rural ungaged basins that are not significantly affected by regulation. Floodfrequency estimates for 54 gaged sites in South Carolina were computed by fitting the water-year peak flows for each site to a log-Pearson Type III distribution. As part of the computation of flood-frequency estimates for gaged sites, new values for generalized skew coefficients were developed. Flood-frequency analyses also were made for gaging stations that drain basins from more than one physiographic province. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, updated these data from previous flood-frequency reports to aid officials who are active in floodplain management as well as those who design bridges, culverts, and levees, or other structures near streams where flooding is likely to occur.
Regional regression analysis, using generalized least squares regression, was used to develop a set of predictive equations that can be used to estimate the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year recurrence- interval flows for rural ungaged basins in the Blue Ridge, Piedmont, upper Coastal Plain, and lower Coastal Plain physiographic provinces of South Carolina. The predictive equations are all functions of drainage area. Average errors of prediction for these regression equations ranged from -16 to 19 percent for the 2-year recurrence-interval flow in the upper Coastal Plain to -34 to 52 percent for the 500-year recurrenceinterval flow in the lower Coastal Plain.
A region-of-influence method also was developed that interactively estimates recurrence- interval flows for rural ungaged basins in the Blue Ridge of South Carolina. The region-of-influence method uses regression techniques to develop a unique relation between flow and basin characteristics for an individual watershed. This, then, can be used to estimate flows at ungaged sites. Because the computations required for this method are somewhat complex, a computer application was developed that performs the computations and compares the predictive errors for this method. The computer application includes the option of using the region-of-influence method, or the generalized least squares regression equations from this report to compute estimated flows and errors of prediction specific to each ungaged site. From a comparison of predictive errors using the region-of-influence method with those computed using the regional regression method, the region-of-influence method performed systematically better only in the Blue Ridge and is, therefore, not recommended for use in the other physiographic provinces.
Peak-flow data for the South Carolina stations used in the regionalization study are provided in appendix A, which contains gaging station information, log- Pearson Type III statistics, information on stage-flow relations, and water-year peak stages and flows. For informational purposes, water-year peak-flow data for stations on regulated streams in South Carolina also are provided in appendix D. Other information pertaining to the regulated streams is provided in the text of the report.
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These bedforms (ranging between 5 and 20 m in height) contrast strongly with, and partly mask, the subdued topography of the older glacial features.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Maps Showing Sea Floor Topography, Sun-Illuminated Sea Floor Topography, and Backscatter Intensity of Quadrangles 1 and 2 in the Great South Channel Region, Western Georges Bank","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/i2698A","isbn":"0607998253","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Valentine, P.C., Middleton, T.J., and Malczyk, J.T., 2002, Sea-Floor Topography of Quadrangle 1 in the Great South Channel, Western Georges Bank (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2698, 1 Sheet: 40 x 36 inches; Also available on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2698A.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 40 x 36 inches; Also available on CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9788,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2698/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -69.05,40.9 ], [ -69.05,41.01667 ], [ -68.783333,41.01667 ], [ -68.783333,40.9 ], [ -69.05,40.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc56a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, Tammie J.","contributorId":27532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Tammie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malczyk, Jeremy T.","contributorId":10106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malczyk","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":40865,"text":"ofr02246 - 2002 - Potentiometric surface of the upper Patapsco aquifer in southern Maryland, September 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T21:29:55.122476","indexId":"ofr02246","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-246","title":"Potentiometric surface of the upper Patapsco aquifer in southern Maryland, September 2000","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02246","usgsCitation":"Curtin, S.E., Andreasen, D., and Wheeler, J.C., 2002, Potentiometric surface of the upper Patapsco aquifer in southern Maryland, September 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-246, 1 Plate: 11.38 × 14.67 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02246.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 11.38 × 14.67 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406277,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52800.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":78742,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0246/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Upper Patapsco aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.90155029296875,\n 38.807610542357594\n ],\n [\n -76.387939453125,\n 38.807610542357594\n ],\n [\n -76.387939453125,\n 39.53370327008705\n ],\n [\n -76.90155029296875,\n 39.53370327008705\n ],\n [\n -76.90155029296875,\n 38.807610542357594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db6827bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtin, Stephen E. securtin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"Stephen","email":"securtin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":224069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andreasen, David C.","contributorId":59003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"David C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wheeler, Judith C.","contributorId":13620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":52911,"text":"wri014024 - 2002 - Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations and Fluxes of Streams in the Mississippi Embayment Study Unit, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:41","indexId":"wri014024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4024","title":"Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations and Fluxes of Streams in the Mississippi Embayment Study Unit, 1996-98","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014024","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R., 2002, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations and Fluxes of Streams in the Mississippi Embayment Study Unit, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4024, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014024.","productDescription":"65 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247765,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4024/report.pdf","size":"10894","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4024/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, R.H. Jr.","contributorId":84755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58011,"text":"ofr02226 - 2002 - Travel times and dispersion of soluble dye in thirteen New Hampshire rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-05T16:16:24.193895","indexId":"ofr02226","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-226","title":"Travel times and dispersion of soluble dye in thirteen New Hampshire rivers","docAbstract":"Dye was injected and traced in 13 New Hampshire rivers in 2000 to determine the velocity at which a soluble substance spilled into the river would travel to drinking-water supply intakes. Travel times were studied on the Ammonoosuc, Androscoggin, Connecticut, Contoocook, East Branch Pemigewasset, Exeter, Lamprey, Mascoma, Merrimack, Oyster, Piscassic, Salmon Falls, and Sugar Rivers. Dye was injected and sampled at low and mean flows, and the measured velocities extrapolated to provide an estimate of the velocity during a mean annual flood (mean of yearly peak flows for a specific river). Rivers were sampled downstream of the dye-injection sites to measure dye concentrations and the arrival and passage times of the dye cloud. This information was used to estimate a relation between river discharge and the expected dye concentrations and velocities for each river. Results of the dye tests were used to estimate a 6-hour travel distance at mean annual flood for each of the 13 rivers, and to create graphical relations that can be used to estimate the travel times and concentrations of solutes over a range of river discharges and distances. Observed transport velocities ranged from 0.03 to 2.4 feet per second, and the estimated 6-hour travel distances ranged from 5.8 to 43 miles. Rivers in upland areas had the highest velocities, whereas rivers in the low coastal region had the slowest velocities.
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Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4109","title":"State of flood plain vegetation within the meander belt of the Clark Fork of the Columbia River, Deer Lodge Valley, Montana","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024109","usgsCitation":"Griffin, E.R., and Smith, J.D., 2002, State of flood plain vegetation within the meander belt of the Clark Fork of the Columbia River, Deer Lodge Valley, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4109, iv, 17 p. : ill. 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(some col.), map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":99311,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4109/report.pdf","size":"4839","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4109/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e4080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Eleanor R. 0000-0001-6724-9853 egriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-9853","contributorId":1775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Eleanor","email":"egriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, James Dungan","contributorId":47008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Dungan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44575,"text":"wri024263 - 2002 - Hydraulic properties of Mt. Simon aquifer, Prairie Island Indian community, southeastern Minnesota, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T21:04:57.478215","indexId":"wri024263","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4263","title":"Hydraulic properties of Mt. Simon aquifer, Prairie Island Indian community, southeastern Minnesota, 2001","docAbstract":"An aquifer test of the Mt. Simon aquifer was conducted at the northern end of the Prairie Island Indian Com-munity, in cooperation with the Prairie Island Indian Community, September 10-11, 2001 to determine hydraulic properties. Two wells at the northern end of Prairie Island were used in the aquifer test. A production well, Water-Supply Well No. 3, completed in the Mt. Simon aquifer, was pumped for 24 hours at 1,530 gal/min. Draw-down and recovery water levels were measured in the pumped well and in an observation well located 458 ft from the pumped well that was open to the Mt. Simon aquifer. Recovery water levels were measured in both wells for 10 hours after pumping ceased at Water-Supply Well No. 3.
\nHantush and Theis methods type curves were fitted to the measured drawdown and recovery curves in the observation well. The results of matching the type curves to the measured data indicate that leakage is negligible from the overlying Eau Claire confining unit into the Mt. Simon aquifer. The transmissivity and storage coeffi-cients for the Mt. Simon aquifer, determined by both methods, are 3, 000 ft2/d and 3 x 10-4, respectively. The average hydraulic conductivity, assuming an aquifer thickness of 233 ft, is 10 ft/d.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri024263","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Prairie Island Indian Community","usgsCitation":"Winterstein, T.A., 2002, Hydraulic properties of Mt. Simon aquifer, Prairie Island Indian community, southeastern Minnesota, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4263, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024263.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423718,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54111.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024263/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":319952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri024263.JPG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Island Indian Community","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.7495002746582,\n 44.6251750802041\n ],\n [\n -92.7495002746582,\n 44.692332108191536\n ],\n [\n -92.62470245361327,\n 44.692332108191536\n ],\n [\n -92.62470245361327,\n 44.6251750802041\n ],\n [\n -92.7495002746582,\n 44.6251750802041\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winterstein, Thomas A.","contributorId":25971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterstein","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44595,"text":"wri024065 - 2002 - Quantitative analysis of catastrophic geomorphic transformation from a narrow sinuous to a broad straight creek","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:30","indexId":"wri024065","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4065","title":"Quantitative analysis of catastrophic geomorphic transformation from a narrow sinuous to a broad straight creek","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024065","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., and Griffin, E., 2002, Quantitative analysis of catastrophic geomorphic transformation from a narrow sinuous to a broad straight creek: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4065, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024065.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a87e4b07f02db64e91f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J.D.","contributorId":35796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, E.R.","contributorId":15143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44572,"text":"wri024249 - 2002 - Simulation of flow and effects of best-management practices in the upper Seco Creek basin, south-central Texas, 1991-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T10:56:17","indexId":"wri024249","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4249","title":"Simulation of flow and effects of best-management practices in the upper Seco Creek basin, south-central Texas, 1991-98","docAbstract":"The Hydrological Simulation Program— FORTRAN model was used to assess the effects of two best-management practices—brush management (removal of woody species locally known as cedar) and weather modification (rainfall enhancement)—on selected hydrologic processes in six subbasins that compose the upper Seco Creek Basin in south-central Texas. A parameter set for use with the model was developed to simulate surface-water-budget components for the six gaged subbasins.
Simulation of brush management, represented by decreases in simulated evapotranspiration of 5 to 6 percent, resulted in increases of 1 to 47 percent in annual runoff and increases of 14 to 48 percent in surface runoff for the six subbasins. Simulation of weather modification, represented by a 10-percent increase in rainfall totals and intensities, resulted in increases of 5 to 6 percent in evapotranspiration, increases of 2 to 92 percent in annual runoff, and increases of 36 to 101 percent in surface runoff.
Rainfall and runoff data for the study were collected during January 1, 1991–September 30, 1998. Data from 60 storms were used for the simulations. The model was calibrated with data from 33 storms (in two subbasins) and tested with data from 27 storms (in four subbasins). Twenty-one pervious land segments were defined for the study on the basis of geology and land cover. An error analysis and a sensitivity analysis were done on each subbasin, and the results were used to develop the final parameter set.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/wri024249","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Brown, D.S., and Raines, T.H., 2002, Simulation of flow and effects of best-management practices in the upper Seco Creek basin, south-central Texas, 1991-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4249, HTML Document; Report: iii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024249.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iii, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3693,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri02-4249/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":335469,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri02-4249/pdf/wri02-4249.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Upper Seco Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.5416259765625,\n 29.794175906436607\n ],\n [\n -99.60205078124999,\n 29.798942848363467\n ],\n [\n -99.67208862304686,\n 29.790600550959457\n ],\n [\n -99.7283935546875,\n 29.760800955544514\n ],\n [\n -99.75036621093749,\n 29.68924576848234\n ],\n [\n -99.75723266601561,\n 29.60092416008231\n ],\n [\n -99.7283935546875,\n 29.492206334848714\n ],\n [\n -99.69268798828125,\n 29.39055120877056\n ],\n [\n -99.66522216796875,\n 29.345072482286373\n ],\n [\n -99.613037109375,\n 29.30316621811306\n ],\n [\n -99.58145141601562,\n 29.27681632836857\n ],\n [\n -99.50454711914062,\n 29.27202470909843\n ],\n [\n -99.34661865234375,\n 29.297178203733303\n ],\n [\n -99.26834106445312,\n 29.318733411709456\n ],\n [\n -99.21066284179688,\n 29.41447921856294\n ],\n [\n -99.22027587890624,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -99.2449951171875,\n 29.529255208335545\n ],\n [\n -99.30267333984375,\n 29.630771207229\n ],\n [\n -99.3328857421875,\n 29.660609413340286\n ],\n [\n -99.35897827148438,\n 29.67850809103362\n ],\n [\n -99.39193725585936,\n 29.714295887474798\n ],\n [\n -99.48944091796875,\n 29.76914573606667\n ],\n [\n -99.5416259765625,\n 29.794175906436607\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48f3e4b07f02db55a8b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, David S. 0000-0002-0917-6278 dsbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-6278","contributorId":3808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"David","email":"dsbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raines, Timothy H. thraines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Timothy","email":"thraines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44605,"text":"wri024118 - 2002 - Ground water near Pella and in selected parts of Jasper, Mahaska and Marion Counties, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-05T11:49:32","indexId":"wri024118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4118","title":"Ground water near Pella and in selected parts of Jasper, Mahaska and Marion Counties, Iowa","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Pella, Iowa, conducted a study of the ground-water resources in selected parts of Jasper, Mahaska, and Marion Counties near Pella, Iowa, during 2000–01. The purpose of the study was to describe the ground-water resources in the Pella, Iowa, area.
\nFollowing a review of available hydrologic and geologic information, the study focused on investigating the alluvial deposits along the South Skunk River within a 10-mile radius of the city of Pella. Thickness, lithologic, and water-quality data for the alluvial deposits in the South Skunk River Valley were collected at selected sites from August 2000 through July 2001.
\nThe South Skunk River alluvial aquifer near Pella consists of stratified deposits of sand and gravel of glacial and fluvial origin. The upper 15 to 20 feet of the alluvial deposits are interbedded with flood-plain clay and silt lenses and are overlain by a developed soil horizon. The alluvial aquifer is underlain by a thin (less than 50 feet thick) layer of glacial drift. Glacial drift, as it is defined in the study area, is a heterogeneous, unsorted, unstratified, unconsolidated, relatively impermeable deposit consisting of clay, sand, and gravel. The bedrock surface beneath the glacial drift consists primarily of shale and limestone of Pennsylvanian or Mississippian age. The alluvial sand and gravel deposits along the South Skunk River near Pella range from less than 30 to more than 80 feet thick. Saturated thickness of the alluvial aquifer ranges from 15 to about 70 feet.
\nWater-quality samples were collected from four observation wells installed in the South Skunk River alluvial aquifer in the study area. Results of the water-quality sampling show that the chemical quality of the ground water is generally similar at all of the sampling sites. All ground-water samples were low in dissolved oxygen, which resulted in high concentrations of iron and manganese and reduced forms of nitrogen.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Pella, Iowa","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, J.P., and Sadorf, E.M., 2002, Ground water near Pella and in selected parts of Jasper, Mahaska and Marion Counties, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4118, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024118.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3706,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ia.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/WRIR_02-4118.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2002_4118.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Jasper, Mahaska, Marion","city":"Pella","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [{\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.77473449707031,\n 41.50806309643413\n ],\n [\n -92.79602050781249,\n 41.519374575145406\n ],\n [\n -92.83103942871094,\n 41.53788000371026\n ],\n [\n -92.86056518554688,\n 41.544561218705965\n ],\n [\n -92.89352416992188,\n 41.55175560133366\n ],\n [\n -92.91549682617188,\n 41.55175560133366\n ],\n [\n -92.95051574707031,\n 41.54815851009314\n ],\n [\n -92.98278808593749,\n 41.54610293952231\n ],\n [\n -93.01849365234375,\n 41.53325414281322\n ],\n [\n -93.05419921875,\n 41.520402793374274\n ],\n [\n -93.08372497558592,\n 41.48954914041891\n ],\n [\n -93.10089111328125,\n 41.466399253078876\n ],\n [\n -93.11393737792969,\n 41.43449030894922\n ],\n [\n -93.10844421386719,\n 41.40153558289846\n ],\n [\n -93.10432434082031,\n 41.37165592008984\n ],\n [\n -93.09814453125,\n 41.34227804675235\n ],\n [\n -93.07273864746094,\n 41.31340266251607\n ],\n [\n -93.04183959960938,\n 41.29999188427493\n ],\n [\n -92.98278808593749,\n 41.27832249298784\n ],\n [\n -92.95394897460938,\n 41.27161384188987\n ],\n [\n -92.90863037109375,\n 41.263356094059326\n ],\n [\n -92.85713195800781,\n 41.2674850985213\n ],\n [\n -92.82554626464844,\n 41.28296653985038\n ],\n [\n -92.7850341796875,\n 41.30153942253397\n ],\n [\n -92.75962829589844,\n 41.320622708288376\n ],\n [\n -92.74246215820312,\n 41.34227804675235\n ],\n [\n -92.72804260253906,\n 41.37165592008984\n ],\n [\n -92.71842956542969,\n 41.39689998354142\n ],\n [\n -92.71774291992186,\n 41.417500116442966\n ],\n [\n -92.72254943847656,\n 41.44066745847661\n ],\n [\n -92.74246215820312,\n 41.47257336487681\n ],\n [\n -92.75619506835936,\n 41.495721047150596\n ],\n [\n -92.77473449707031,\n 41.50806309643413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, James P.","contributorId":46599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sadorf, Eric M. emsadorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadorf","given":"Eric","email":"emsadorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58054,"text":"wri024060 - 2002 - Surface-water characteristics and quality on the Osage Reservation, Osage County, Oklahoma, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T16:09:59.562144","indexId":"wri024060","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4060","title":"Surface-water characteristics and quality on the Osage Reservation, Osage County, Oklahoma, 1999","docAbstract":"Concern about the effects of early oil-industry practices of surface disposal of produced-brine water prompted an investigation of the surface-water quality on the Osage Reservation. About 38,600 oil wells have been drilled on the Osage Reservation since drilling began in 1896.\r\nThe Osage Reservation comprises three major drainage basins. The Caney River Basin is in the northeast, the Bird Creek Basin is in the southeast, and the Salt Creek Basin in the west. Variations in streamflow on the Osage Reservation during a year primarily result from variations in the quantity and frequency of rainfall, evapotranspiration, and reservoir operations. Most streams do not flow during low rainfall periods in late summer, early fall, and in winter. Percent of mean annual discharge is largest during March through June, averaging 54 to 62 percent and smallest during December, January, July, and August, averaging only 14 to 21 percent. The basin areas of Caney River in the reservation (251 square miles), Salt Creek (273 square miles), and Sand Creek (227 square miles) are about the same and the basin areas of the Bird Creek Basin (418 square miles) and Homily Creek Basin (383 square miles) are similar in area.\r\n\r\nOne hundred forty surface-water sites were sampled once during either February, March or August 1999. The surface-drainage areas, incremental basins, between sample sites along a stream, range in size from 0.26 to 123 square miles with a median of 8.6 square miles. Total number of oil wells upgradient of the samples sites is 31,432 or 80 percent of the total in the reservation. The total number of oil wells in the Caney River Basin in the reservation (2,975 wells), Salt Creek Basin (4,619 wells), and Sand Creek Basin (3,858 wells) are about the same and the total number of oil wells in the Bird Creek Basin (8,858 wells) and Hominy Creek Basin (7,842 wells) are similar. The number of oil wells per square mile in the incremental basins ranges for 0.86 to 154.\r\n\r\nSurface-water quality monitoring had been conducted previously at two sites included in this study. Dissolved chloride concentrations for the two samples collected during 1999 were equaled or exceeded at both sites by the historical data. There is no statistically significant difference between the distribution of the dissolved chloride concentrations from the surface water and nearby ground-water samples. The surface-water quality samples had significantly lesser concentrations of dissolved solids, sulfate, and nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen than the ground-water samples.\r\n\r\nChloride yield, reported in tons per day per square mile, is the chloride load divided by the basin area upstream of the sample site. The mean of the chloride yields for all the samples was 0.07 ton per day per square mile. Many sample locations where yields were greater than 0.07 ton per day per square mile were areas where dissolved chloride concentrations from surface-water samples were greater than 250 milligrams per liter in an earlier water-quality investigation.\r\n\r\nAn investigation of possible relations between the surface-water quality data and the oil-well construction data for the incremental basins and for 1-mile radial distance upstream in the incremental basins was conducted. The oil-well data also were grouped by the time periods of activity into pre-1930, 1930 to 1970, and post-1970. These groups attempt to account for differences in industry drilling and producing practices associated with various periods. No statistically significant correlations were found between the surface-water quality data and the oil-well construction data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024060","usgsCitation":"Abbott, M.M., and Tortorelli, R.L., 2002, Surface-water characteristics and quality on the Osage Reservation, Osage County, Oklahoma, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4060, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024060.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408753,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52055.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":183898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5985,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri02-4060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Osage County","otherGeospatial":"Osage Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.06,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -97.06,\n 36.1617\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 36.1617\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -97.06,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a726","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbott, Marvin M.","contributorId":89106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54876,"text":"wdrOH011 - 2002 - Water resources data, Ohio, water year 2001, volume 1. Ohio River Basin excluding project data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-21T16:17:20","indexId":"wdrOH011","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OH–01–1","displayTitle":"Water Resources Data, Ohio, Water Year 2001, Volume 1. Ohio River Basin Excluding Project Data","title":"Water resources data, Ohio, water year 2001, volume 1. Ohio River Basin excluding project data","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 2001 water year for Ohio consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage\r\nand contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report, in two volumes,\r\ncontains records for water discharge at 130 gaging stations and 65 partial-record sites; water levels at 160 observation wells and\r\n25 crest-stage gages; and water quality at 25 gaging stations, 31 observation wells, and 9 partial-record sites. Also included are\r\ndata from miscellaneous and synoptic sites. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic\r\ndata-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the\r\nNational Water Information System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal, State, and local agencies\r\nin Ohio.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrOH011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Ohio and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Shindel, H., Mangus, J., and Trimble, L., 2002, Water resources data, Ohio, water year 2001, volume 1. Ohio River Basin excluding project data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report OH–01–1, xxiii, 324 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrOH011.","productDescription":"xxiii, 324 p.","numberOfPages":"352","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/oh-01-1/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":13279,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/oh-01-1/wdroh011.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WDR OH-01-1"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229-1737
The Breezy Hill area in Aiken and Edgefield Counties of west-central South Carolina is a rapidly growing region in need of increasing amounts of ground water. From 1995 to 1998, the local water utility increased ground-water withdrawals in the Breezy Hill area from 1.4 to 2.1 million gallons per day to meet water-supply demands. As development continues, future demands for ground water will likely put stress on the surfaceand ground-water resources of the area. To address this issue, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Aiken County, compiled and interpreted geologic and hydrologic data needed to map the ground-water system in the Breezy Hill study area.
The Breezy Hill study area consists of four interfluvial areas comprising the regions between Horse and Little Horse Creeks, Little Horse and Hightower Creeks, Hightower Creek and Franklin Branch, and Franklin Branch and Mims Branch. Across the interfluvial areas, the average elevation of the water-level surface ranged from 200 to 480 feet above sea level, and the average saturated thickness of the Floridan-Midville aquifer ranged from less than 20 to 70 feet thick. A water-level contour map of the surface of the Floridan-Midville aquifer indicates that recharge to the aquifer occurs mainly within the interfluves. Recharge is derived principally from precipitation, although there is some potential for ground-water recharge from underlying crystalline rocks. Ground water discharges along the flanks of the interfluves into the bounding streams where the elevations of the ground water and streams coincide.
From April 1999 to November 2000, calculated long-term normal precipitation totaled about 84.0 inches; however, actual recorded precipitation totaled 69.2 inches, representing about a 17.6 percent decrease in precipitation during this period. Published estimates of annual evapotranspiration range from 30 to 35 inches.
A U.S. Geological Survey surface-water gaging station located near the center of the study area on Little Horse Creek monitors runoff from a drainage area of 26.6 square miles. Average annual flow for the station for water years 1990-2000 was 33.8 cubic feet per second. From April 1999 to November 2000, the monthly average flow was less than the average monthly flow for the longterm record, excluding December 1999 to March 2000 when no data were collected. Monthly average flow for Little Horse Creek exceeded the normal monthly flow during June and July 1999.
Ground water in the Breezy Hill area is principally withdrawn from the unconfined Floridan- Midville aquifer. Ground-water withdrawals by the local water utility increased 37 percent from 1989 to 2000 (315.2 to 500 million gallons, respectively). From January 1999 to December 2000, the utility exceeded the long-term monthly average groundwater withdrawals for every month except September and December 2000. Calculated long-term monthly ground-water withdrawals by the utility for a 20-month period from April 1999 to November 2000 totaled 674 million gallons; however, actual ground-water withdrawals totaled 883 million gallons, which is 31 percent more than the long-term average ground-water withdrawals for the production wells.
Published estimates of average annual ground-water recharge rates for the study area range from 13 to 15 inches per year. A base-flow recession analysis of streamflow data for Little Horse Creek provided an estimated recharge rate of 14.9 inches per year for the drainage area. Using an estimated average porosity ranging from 30 to 35 percent observed in sand-aquifer cores, the average annual recharge of 13 to 15 inches would cause a 3.6- to 4.1-foot water-level change to the saturated thickness of the aquifer, if applied instantaneously. The water-level declines observed in wells from April 1999 to November 2000 approximated an average decline of 4 feet.
From November 1999 to November 2000, ground-water levels in six wells near utility pumping centers declined 2 to 5 feet. Long-term waterlevel declines of 10.27 and 11.50 feet were measured in two wells between May 1992 and April 2000, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024075","usgsCitation":"Harrelson, L.G., Falls, W.F., and Prowell, D.C., 2002, Ground-water levels in the Floridan-Midville aquifer in the Breezy Hill area, Aiken and Edgefield Counties, South Carolina, April 1999-November 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4075, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024075.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411738,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51833.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3848,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Aiken County, Edgefield County","otherGeospatial":"Floridan-Midville aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.9542,\n 33.6583\n ],\n [\n -81.9542,\n 33.48\n ],\n [\n -81.7747,\n 33.48\n ],\n [\n -81.7747,\n 33.6583\n ],\n [\n -81.9542,\n 33.6583\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrelson, Larry G.","contributorId":70059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrelson","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":107754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prowell, David C.","contributorId":46956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prowell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}