Water resources data for the 2001 water year for Michigan consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report contains discharge records for 157 streamflow-gaging stations; stage only records for 2 stream-gaging stations and 25 lake-gaging stations; stage and contents for 1 reservoir; water-quality records for 38 streamflow-gaging stations; and water-level records for 47 ground-water wells. Also included are 30 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program. Miscellaneous data were collected at 85 discharge measuring sites and 32 ground water special-study sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMI011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Michigan and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Blumer, S.P., Behrendt, T., Ellis, J., Minnerick, R., and LeuVoy, R., 2002, Water resources data, Michigan, water year 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MI-01-1, xviii, 442 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMI011.","productDescription":"xviii, 442 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346239,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/mi-01-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/mi-01-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilberg, Dale E.","contributorId":60215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Dale E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tibbetts, J.R.","contributorId":63470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbetts","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":41314,"text":"ofr02247 - 2002 - Potentiometric surface of the lower Patapsco aquifer in southern Maryland, September 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T21:27:00.763399","indexId":"ofr02247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-247","title":"Potentiometric surface of the lower Patapsco aquifer in southern Maryland, September 2000","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024134.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. : ill., maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":99355,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4134/report.pdf","size":"4014","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4134/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, Roderick F. rfortiz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"Roderick","email":"rfortiz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44964,"text":"wri024027 - 2002 - Ground-cover vegetation in wetland forests of the lower Suwannee River floodplain, Florida, and potential impacts of flow reductions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri024027","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4027","title":"Ground-cover vegetation in wetland forests of the lower Suwannee River floodplain, Florida, and potential impacts of flow reductions","docAbstract":"Ground-cover vegetation was surveyed in wetland forests in the lower Suwannee River floodplain, Florida, in a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Suwannee River Water Management District from 1996 to 1999. Increased water use in the basin, supplied primarily from ground water, could reduce ground-water discharge to the river and flows in the lower Suwannee River. Many of the 282 ground-cover species found in wetland forests of the floodplain have distributions that are related to flow-dependent hydrologic characteristics of forest types, and their distributions would change if flows were reduced. Overall species diversity in the floodplain might decrease, and the composition of ground-cover vegetation in all forest types might change with flow reductions. \r\n\r\nThe study area included forests within the 10-year floodplain of the lower Suwannee River from its confluence with the Santa Fe River to the lower limit of forests near the Gulf of Mexico. The floodplain is divided into three reaches (riverine, upper tidal, and lower tidal) due to variations in hydrology, vegetation, and soils with proximity to the coast. The riverine (non-tidal) reach had the greatest number of total species (203) and species unique to that reach (81). Mitchella repens, Toxicodendron radicans, and Axonopus furcatus were the most frequently dominant species in riverine bottomland hardwoods. Free-floating aquatic species, such as Spirodela punctata and Lemna valdiviana, were the dominant species in the wettest riverine swamps. The upper tidal reach had the lowest number of total species (116), only two species unique to that reach, and the lowest density of ground cover (26 percent). Panicum commutatum and Crinum americanum were frequent dominant species in upper tidal forests. The lower tidal reach had the highest ground-cover density (43 percent) and the second highest number of total species (183) and number of species unique to that reach (55). Saururus cernuus and species of Carex were frequently dominant in lower tidal swamps. Lower tidal hammocks, the most elevated lower tidal forests, were dominated by Osmunda cinnamomea and Chasmanthium laxum. \r\n\r\nFlow reductions in the lower Suwannee River could change the flow-dependent hydrologic characteristics of wetland forests. Decreases in inundation and saturation in riverine forests could result in a decrease in the number and extent of semi-permanently inundated ponds. As a result, several species of free-floating, aquatic plants that grow only in riverine floodplain ponds might decrease in abundance or disappear if flows were reduced. Decreases in inundation and saturation could also result in a shift to more upland species in all riverine forests and upper tidal bottomland hardwoods. Upland species and some exotic species might increase in abundance in the floodplain, invading forests where hydrologic conditions have been altered by flow reductions. Depth and duration of inundation due to river flooding could decrease in all riverine and upper tidal forests, probably resulting in a shift of species to those that are typically found in forests with shallower, shorter-duration floods. Salinity in the lower tidal reach and adjacent areas of the upper tidal reach might increase with flow reductions, and the distribution of species might change due to varying tolerances of salinity among species. Species with low salt-tolerance unique to the lower tidal reach might disappear from the floodplain, and species with high salinity tolerance could increase in abundance, replacing less salt-tolerant species.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024027","usgsCitation":"Darst, M.R., Light, H.M., and Lewis, L.J., 2002, Ground-cover vegetation in wetland forests of the lower Suwannee River floodplain, Florida, and potential impacts of flow reductions: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4027, xii, 46 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024027.","productDescription":"xii, 46 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3838,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024027","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae390","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darst, Melanie R.","contributorId":93042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darst","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Light, Helen M.","contributorId":18355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Light","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, Lori J.","contributorId":73655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50610,"text":"ofr0291 - 2002 - Average altitude of the water table (1990-99) and frequency analysis of water levels (1974-99) in the Biscayne aquifer, Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:04","indexId":"ofr0291","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-91","title":"Average altitude of the water table (1990-99) and frequency analysis of water levels (1974-99) in the Biscayne aquifer, Miami-Dade County, Florida","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0291","usgsCitation":"Lietz, A., Dixon, J., and Byrne, M.J., 2002, Average altitude of the water table (1990-99) and frequency analysis of water levels (1974-99) in the Biscayne aquifer, Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-91, 5 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0291.","productDescription":"5 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4112,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02-091/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65acd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lietz, A.C.","contributorId":40957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, Joann","contributorId":19981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Joann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byrne, Michael J. Sr. 0000-0001-9190-2728 mbyrne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-2728","contributorId":959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"Michael","suffix":"Sr.","email":"mbyrne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44951,"text":"wri024139 - 2002 - Relations of benthic macroinvertebrates to concentrations of trace elements in water, streambed sediments, and transplanted bryophytes and stream habitat conditions in nonmining and mining areas of the upper Colorado River basin, Colorado, 1995-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri024139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4139","title":"Relations of benthic macroinvertebrates to concentrations of trace elements in water, streambed sediments, and transplanted bryophytes and stream habitat conditions in nonmining and mining areas of the upper Colorado River basin, Colorado, 1995-98","docAbstract":"Intensive mining activity and highly mineralized rock formations have had significant impacts on surface-water and streambed-sediment quality and aquatic life within the upper reaches of the Uncompahgre River in western Colorado. A synoptic study by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program was completed in the upper Uncompahgre River Basin in 1998 to better understand the relations of trace elements (with emphasis on aluminum, arsenic, copper, iron, lead, and zinc concentrations) in water, streambed sediment, and aquatic life. Water-chemistry, streambed-sediment, and benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected during low-flow conditions between October 1995 and July 1998 at five sites on the upper Uncompahgre River, all downstream from historical mining, and at three sites in drainage basins of the Upper Colorado River where mining has not occurred. Aquatic bryophytes were transplanted to all sites for 15 days of exposure to the water column during which time field parameters were measured and chemical water-quality and benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected. Stream habitat characteristics also were documented at each site. \r\n\r\nCertain attributes of surface-water chemistry among streams were significantly different. Concentrations of total aluminum, copper, iron, lead, and zinc in the water column and concentrations of dissolved aluminum, copper, and zinc were significantly different between nonmining and mining sites. Some sites associated with mining exceeded Colorado acute aquatic-life standards for aluminum, copper, and zinc and exceeded Colorado chronic aquatic-life standards for aluminum, copper, iron, lead, and zinc. Concentrations of copper, lead, and zinc in streambed sediments were significantly different between nonmining and mining sites. Generally, concentrations of arsenic, copper, lead, and zinc in streambed sediments at mining sites exceeded the Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines probable effect level (PEL), except at two mining sites where concentrations of copper and zinc were below the PEL. Concentrations of arsenic, copper, iron, and lead in transplanted bryophytes were significantly different between nonmining and mining sites. Bioconcentration factors calculated for 15-day exposure using one-half of the minimum reporting level were significantly different between nonmining and mining sites. In general, concentrations of trace elements in streambed sediment and transplanted bryophytes were more closely correlated than were the concentrations of trace elements in the water column with streambed sediments or concentrations in the water column with transplanted bryophytes. \r\n\r\nStream habitat was rated as optimal to suboptimal using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for all sites in the study area. Generally, stream habitat conditions were similar at nonmining compared to mining sites and were suitable for diverse macroinvertebrate communities. All study sites had optimal instream habitat except two mining sites with suboptimal instream habitat because of disturbances in stream habitat. \r\n\r\nThe benthic macroinvertebrate community composition at nonmining sites and mining sites differed. Mining sites had significantly lower total abundance of macroinvertebrates, fewer numbers of taxa, and lower dominance of Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), and Trichoptera (caddisflies), and a larger percentage of tolerant species than did nonmining sites. The predominance of Baetis sp. (mayflies), Hydropsychidae (caddisflies), and large percentage of Orthocladiinae chironomids (midges) at mining sites indicated that these species may be tolerant to elevated trace-element concentrations. The absence of Heptageniidae (mayflies), Chloroperlidae (stoneflies), and Rhyacophila sp. (caddisflies) at mining sites indicated that these species may be sensitive to elevated trace-element concentrations. \r\n\r\nComparison of field parameters and ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024139","usgsCitation":"Mize, S.V., and Deacon, J.R., 2002, Relations of benthic macroinvertebrates to concentrations of trace elements in water, streambed sediments, and transplanted bryophytes and stream habitat conditions in nonmining and mining areas of the upper Colorado River basin, Colorado, 1995-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4139, 54 p., 12 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024139.","productDescription":"54 p., 12 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3825,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634950","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mize, Scott V. 0000-0001-6751-5568 svmize@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5568","contributorId":2997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mize","given":"Scott","email":"svmize@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deacon, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-5793-6940 jrdeacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-6940","contributorId":2786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrdeacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44959,"text":"wri024178 - 2002 - Trend analysis of ground-water levels and spring discharge in the Yucca Mountain Region, Nevada and California, 1960-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri024178","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4178","title":"Trend analysis of ground-water levels and spring discharge in the Yucca Mountain Region, Nevada and California, 1960-2000","docAbstract":"Ground-water level and discharge data from 1960 to 2000 were analyzed for the Yucca Mountain region of southern Nevada and eastern California. Included were water-level data from 37 wells and a fissure (Devils Hole) and discharge data from five springs and from a flowing well. Data were evaluated for variability and for upward, downward, or cyclic trends with an emphasis on the period 1992-2000. Potential factors causing trends in water levels and discharge include ground-water withdrawal, infiltration of precipitation, earthquakes, evapotranspiration, barometric pressure, and earth tides.\r\n\r\nStatistically significant trends in ground-water levels or spring discharge from 1992 to 2000 were upward at 12 water-level sites and downward at 14 water-level sites and 1 spring-discharge site. In general, the magnitude of the change in water level from 1992 to 2000 was small (less than 2 feet), except where influenced by pumping or local effects such as possible equilibration from well construction or diversion of nearby surface water.\r\n\r\nSeasonal trends are superimposed on some of the long-term (1992-2000) trends in water levels and discharge. Factors causing seasonal trends include barometric pressure, evapotranspiration, and pumping. The magnitude of seasonal change in water level can vary from as little as 0.05 foot in regional aquifers to greater than 5 feet in monitoring wells near large supply wells in the Amargosa Farms area.\r\n\r\nThree major episodes of earthquake activity affected water levels in wells in the Yucca Mountain region between 1992 and 2000: the Landers/Little Skull Mountain, Northridge, and Hector Mine earthquakes. The Landers/Little Skull Mountain earthquakes, in June 1992, had the largest observed effect on water levels and on discharge during the study period. Monthly measurements of wells in the study network show that earthquakes affected water levels from a few tenths of a foot to 3.5 feet.\r\n\r\nIn the Ash Meadows area, water levels remained relatively stable from 1992 to 2000, with some water levels showing small rising trends and some declining slightly. Possible reasons for water-level fluctuations at sites AD-6 (Tracer Well 3), AM-5 (Devils Hole Well), and AM-4 (Devils Hole) from 1960 to 2000 include climate change, local and regional ground-water withdrawals, and tectonic activity.\r\n\r\nIn Jackass Flats, water levels from 1992 to 2000 in six wells adjacent to Fortymile Wash displayed either small upward trends or no upward or downward trend. Comparison of trends in water levels from 1983 to 2000 for these six wells shows good correlations between all wells and suggests a common mechanism controlling water levels in the area. Of the likely controls on the system--precipitation or pumping in Jackass Flats--precipitation appears to be the predominant factor controlling water levels near Fortymile Wash.\r\n\r\nWater levels in the heavily pumped Amargosa Farms area declined from about 10 to 30 feet from 1964 to 2000. Water-level declines accelerated beginning in the early 1990's as pumping rates increased substantially. Pumping in the Amargosa Farms area may affect water levels in some wells as far away as 5-14 miles.\r\n\r\nThe water level at site DV-3 (Travertine Point 1 Well) and discharge at site DV-2 (Navel Spring), both in the Death Valley hydrographic area, had downward trends from 1992 to 2000. The cause of these downward trends may be linked to earthquakes, pumping in the Amargosa Farms area, or both.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024178","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J.M., and Moreo, M.T., 2002, Trend analysis of ground-water levels and spring discharge in the Yucca Mountain Region, Nevada and California, 1960-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4178, viii, 97 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024178.","productDescription":"viii, 97 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3833,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024178","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697cc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenelon, Joseph M. 0000-0003-4449-245X jfenelon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-245X","contributorId":2355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"Joseph","email":"jfenelon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moreo, Michael T. 0000-0002-9122-6958 mtmoreo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-6958","contributorId":2363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreo","given":"Michael","email":"mtmoreo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39947,"text":"wri024191 - 2002 - Environmental Characteristics and Geographic Information System Applications for the Development of Nutrient Thresholds in Oklahoma Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:59","indexId":"wri024191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4191","title":"Environmental Characteristics and Geographic Information System Applications for the Development of Nutrient Thresholds in Oklahoma Streams","docAbstract":"The U.S.Environmental Protection Agency has developed nutrient criteria using ecoregions to manage and protect rivers and streams in the United States. Individual states and tribes are encouraged by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to modify or improve upon the ecoregion approach. The Oklahoma Water Resources Board uses a dichotomous process that stratifies streams using environmental characteristics such as stream order and stream slope. This process is called the Use Support Assessment Protocols, subchapter15. The Use Support Assessment Protocols can be used to identify streams threatened by excessive amounts of nutrients, dependant upon a beneficial use designation for each stream. The Use Support Assessment Protocols, subchapter 15 uses nutrient and environmental characteristic thresholds developed from a study conducted in the Netherlands, but the Oklahoma Water Resources Board wants to modify the thresholds to reflect hydrologic and ecological conditions relevant to Oklahoma streams and rivers.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nEnvironmental characteristics thought to affect impairment from nutrient concentrations in Oklahoma streams and rivers were determined for 798 water-quality sites in Oklahoma. Nutrient, chlorophyll, water-properties, and location data were retrieved from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STORET database including data from the U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Conservation Commission, and Oklahoma Water Resources Board. Drainage-basin area, stream order, stream slope, and land-use proportions were determined for each site using a Geographic Information System. The methods, procedures, and data sets used to determine the environmental characteristics are described.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024191","usgsCitation":"Masoner, J.R., Haggard, B.E., and Rea, A., 2002, Environmental Characteristics and Geographic Information System Applications for the Development of Nutrient Thresholds in Oklahoma Streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4191, iv, 43 p. (1 folded) : ill., maps ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024191.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. (1 folded) : ill., maps ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3645,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602580","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masoner, Jason R. 0000-0002-4829-6379 jmasoner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-6379","contributorId":3193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"Jason","email":"jmasoner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haggard, Brian E.","contributorId":20299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggard","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rea, Alan","contributorId":41018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44957,"text":"wri024161 - 2002 - Surface water-ground water interactions along the lower Dungeness River and vertical hydraulic conductivity of streambed sediments, Clallam County, Washington, September 1999-July 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri024161","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4161","title":"Surface water-ground water interactions along the lower Dungeness River and vertical hydraulic conductivity of streambed sediments, Clallam County, Washington, September 1999-July 2001","docAbstract":"The Dungeness River emerges from the Olympic Mountains and flows generally north toward the Strait of Juan De Fuca, crossing the broad, fertile alluvial fan of the Sequim-Dungeness peninsula in northeastern Clallam County, Washington. Increasing competition for the peninsula's ground-water resources, changing water-use patterns, and recent requirements to maintain minimum in-stream flows to enhance endangered salmon and trout populations have severely strained the peninsula's water resources and necessitated a better understanding of the interaction between surface water and groundwater. Three methods were used to characterize the interchange between surface water and groundwater along the lower 11.8 miles of the Dungeness River corridor between September 1999 and July 2001. In-stream mini-piezometers were used to measure vertical hydraulic gradients between the river and the water-table aquifer at 27 points along the river and helped to define the distribution of gaining and losing stream reaches. Seepage runs were used to quantify the net volume of water exchanged between the river and ground water within each of five river reaches, termed 'seepage reaches.' Continuous water-level and water-temperature monitoring at two off-stream well transects provided data on near-river horizontal hydraulic gradients and temporal patterns of water exchange for a representative gaining stream reach and a representative losing stream reach.\r\n\r\nVertical hydraulic gradients in the mini-piezometers generally were negative between river miles 11.8 and 3.6, indicating loss of water from the river to ground water. Gradients decreased in the downstream direction from an average of -0.86 at river mile 10.3 to -0.23 at river mile 3.7. Small positive gradients (+0.01 to +0.02) indicating ground-water discharge occurred in three localized reaches below river mile 3.7. Data from the seepage runs and off-stream transect wells supported and were generally consistent with the mini-piezometer findings. An exception occurred between river miles 8.1 and 5.5 where seepage results showed a small gain and the mini-piezometers showed negative gradients.\r\n\r\nVertical hydraulic conductivity of riverbed sediments was estimated using hydraulic gradients measured with the mini-piezometers and estimated seepage fluxes. The resulting conductivity values ranged from an average of 1 to 29 feet per day and are similar to values reported for similar river environments elsewhere.\r\n\r\nThe results of this study will be used to calibrate a transient, three-dimensional ground-water flow model of the Sequim-Dungeness peninsula. The model will be used to assess the potential effects on ground-water levels and river flows that result from future water use and land-use changes on the peninsula.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024161","usgsCitation":"Simonds, F.W., and Sinclair, K.A., 2002, Surface water-ground water interactions along the lower Dungeness River and vertical hydraulic conductivity of streambed sediments, Clallam County, Washington, September 1999-July 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4161, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024161.","productDescription":"69 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3831,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024161","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db6917bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simonds, F. William","contributorId":61868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonds","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinclair, Kirk A.","contributorId":42633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinclair","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44998,"text":"wri014266S - 2002 - Huracan Mitch, caudal de creciente en tramos de rios seleccionados en Honduras","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T14:23:10.459179","indexId":"wri014266S","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4266S","title":"Huracan Mitch, caudal de creciente en tramos de rios seleccionados en Honduras","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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A.","contributorId":40615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":53539,"text":"fs12601 - 2002 - The Evolution of the Lower Missouri River: National Mapping Discipline Research at Lisbon Bottom","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"fs12601","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"126-01","title":"The Evolution of the Lower Missouri River: National Mapping Discipline Research at Lisbon Bottom","docAbstract":"Before 1800, the Missouri River was one of North America's most diverse and dynamic ecosystems.\r\n\r\nDuring the past 200 years, civil engineering has transformed it into a navigation system regulated by reservoirs and confined by bank stabilization and flood control structures. These modifications have reduced seasonal flow variability and sediment load and have disconnected the river from backwater, off-channel, and floodplain habitats.\r\n\r\nFlooding along the Lower Missouri River in 1993 and again in 1996 created a side-channel chute across Lisbon Bottom, a well-formed loop bottom near Glasgow, Mo.\r\n\r\nThe formation and subsequent development of the chute have provided USGS scientists with a glimpse of a preregulated Missouri River.\r\n\r\nKnowledge of geologic characteristics and processes in an alluvial setting like Lisbon Bottom provides a scientific basis for floodplain management. This knowledge is also vital to a complete understanding of riverine habitat disturbance, recovery, and rehabilitation.\r\n\r\nA critical component of this knowledge is an understanding of the spatial and temporal relationships between riverine habitats and geomorphic processes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs12601","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002, The Evolution of the Lower Missouri River: National Mapping Discipline Research at Lisbon Bottom: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 126-01, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs12601.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0126/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87453,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c857","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39938,"text":"wri20024156 - 2002 - Hydrology and Water Quality of the Grand Portage Reservation, Northeastern Minnesota, 1991-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-11T11:05:37","indexId":"wri20024156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4156","title":"Hydrology and Water Quality of the Grand Portage Reservation, Northeastern Minnesota, 1991-2000","docAbstract":"The Grand Portage Reservation is located in northeastern Cook County, Minnesota at the boundary between Minnesota, USA, and Ontario, Canada. Between 1991 and 2000 the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a series of studies, with the cooperation with Grand Portage Band of Chippewa, to describe the water resources of the Grand Portage Reservation.
\nGround water moves primarily through fractures in the bedrock, probably in three ground-water systems: local, regional, and deep. Lake Superior is thought to be the discharge point for brines in the deep ground-water flow system.
\nThe watersheds in the Grand Portage Reservation are small and steep; consequently streams in the Grand Portage Reservation tend to be flashy. Lake stages rise and fall with rainfall.
\nThe pH of water in the Reservation is generally alkaline (pH greater than 7.0). The alkalinity of water in the Reservation is low. Concentrations of major ions are much greater in ground water than in spring water and surface water.
\nThe ionic composition of water in the Reservation differs depending upon the source of the water. Water from 11 of the 20 wells sampled are a calcium-sodium-chloride type. Water from wells GW-2, GW-7, and GW-11 had much greater specific conductance concentrations of major ions compared to the other wells. Some spring water (SP-1, SP-3, SP-4, SP-6, and SP-8) is calcium-bicarbonate type like surface water, whereas other spring water (SP-5 and SP-7) is similar to the calcium-sodium-chloride type occurring in samples from about one-half the wells. The major chemical constituents in surface water are bicarbonate, calcium, and magnesium.
\nMeasured tritium and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) concentrations in water samples from springs and wells were used to determine the recharge age of the sampled water. The recharge ages of two of the wells sampled for tritium are before 1953. The recharge ages of the remaining 10 samples for tritium are probably after 1970. The recharge ages of seven SF6 samples were between 1973 and 1998.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri20024156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Grand Portage Band of Chippewa","usgsCitation":"Winterstein, T.A., 2002, Hydrology and Water Quality of the Grand Portage Reservation, Northeastern Minnesota, 1991-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4156, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024156.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri20024156.JPG"},{"id":9849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Grand Portage 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}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winterstein, Thomas A.","contributorId":25971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterstein","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39821,"text":"wri024165 - 2002 - Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 2000-01 balance years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:58","indexId":"wri024165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4165","title":"Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 2000-01 balance years","docAbstract":"Winter snow accumulation and summer snow, firn, and ice melt were measured at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, to determine the winter and net balances for the 2000 and 2001 balance years. In 2000, the winter balance, averaged over the glacier, was 3.32 meters, and the net balance was 0.38 meters. The winter balance was the ninth highest since the record began in 1959. The net balance was greater than 33 of the 41 years since 1959. In 2001, the winter balance was 1.90 meters, and net balance was -1.57 meters. The winter balance was lower than all but 4 years since 1959, and the net balance was more negative than all but 5 other years. Runoff was measured from the glacier basin and an adjacent non-glacierized basin. Air temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed and solar radiation were measured nearby. Ice displacements were measured for the 1998-2001 period.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024165","usgsCitation":"Krimmel, R.M., 2002, Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 2000-01 balance years: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4165, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024165.","productDescription":"63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3560,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024165","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":164829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd0d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krimmel, Robert M.","contributorId":34902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krimmel","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50066,"text":"fs02802 - 2002 - Southwest Geographic Science Team","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-16T17:16:06","indexId":"fs02802","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"028-02","title":"Southwest Geographic Science Team","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs02802","usgsCitation":"Frazier, A., 2002, Southwest Geographic Science Team: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 028-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02802.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_028_02.jpg"},{"id":246710,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e7138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frazier, Ann","contributorId":27478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazier","given":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44946,"text":"wri024128 - 2002 - Sources of metal loads to the Alamosa River and estimation of seasonal and annual metal loads for the Alamosa River basin, Colorado, 1995-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-13T20:28:23.401585","indexId":"wri024128","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4128","title":"Sources of metal loads to the Alamosa River and estimation of seasonal and annual metal loads for the Alamosa River basin, Colorado, 1995-97","docAbstract":"Metal contamination in the upper Alamosa River Basin has occurred for decades from the Summitville Mine site, from other smaller mines, and from natural, metal-enriched acidic drainage in the basin. In 1995, the need to quantify contamination from various source areas in the basin and to quantify the spatial, seasonal, and annual metal loads in the basin was identified. Data collection occurred from 1995 through 1997 at numerous sites to address data gaps. Metal loads were calculated and the percentages of metal load contributions from tributaries to three risk exposure areas were determined. Additionally, a modified time-interval method was used to estimate seasonal and annual metal loads in the Alamosa River and Wightman Fork. \r\n\r\nSources of dissolved and total-recoverable aluminum, copper, iron, and zinc loads were determined for Exposure Areas 3a, 3b, and 3c. Alum Creek is the predominant contributor of aluminum, copper, iron, and zinc loads to Exposure Area 3a. In general, Wightman Fork was the predominant source of metals to Exposure Area 3b, particularly during the snowmelt and summer-flow periods. During the base-flow period, however, aluminum and iron loads from Exposure Area 3a were the dominant source of these metals to Exposure Area 3b. Jasper and Burnt Creeks generally contributed less than 10 percent of the metal loads to Exposure Area 3b. On a few occasions, however, Jasper and Burnt Creeks contributed a substantial percentage of the loads to the Alamosa River. The metal loads calculated for Exposure Area 3c result from upstream sources; the primary upstream sources are Wightman Fork, Alum Creek, and Iron Creek. Tributaries in Exposure Area 3c did not contribute substantially to the metal load in the Alamosa River. \r\n\r\nIn many instances, the percentage of dissolved and/or total-recoverable metal load contribution from a tributary or the combined percentage of metal load contribution was greater than 100 percent of the metal load at the nearest downstream site on the Alamosa River. These data indicate that metal partitioning and metal deposition from the water column to the streambed may be occurring in Exposure Areas 3a, 3b, and 3c. Metals that are deposited to the streambed probably are resuspended and transported downstream during high streamflow periods such as during snowmelt runoff and rainfall runoff. \r\n\r\nSeasonal and annual dissolved and totalrecoverable aluminum, copper, iron, and zinc loads> for 1995?97 were estimated for Exposure Areas 1, 2, 3a, 3b, and 3c. During 1995?97, many tons of metals were transported annually through each exposure area. Generally, the largest estimated annual totalrecoverable metal mass for most metals was in 1995. The smallest estimated annual total-recoverable metal mass was in 1996, which also had the smallest annual streamflow. In 1995 and 1997, more than 60 percent of the annual total-recoverable metal loads generally was transported through each exposure area during the snowmelt period. A comparison of the estimated storm load at each site to the corresponding annual load indicated that storms contribute less than 2 percent of the annual load at any site and about 5 to 20 percent of the load during the summer-flow period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024128","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, R.F., Edelmann, P., Ferguson, S., and Stogner, R., 2002, Sources of metal loads to the Alamosa River and estimation of seasonal and annual metal loads for the Alamosa River basin, Colorado, 1995-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4128, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024128.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406642,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52200.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3821,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024128","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Alamosa River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.6764,\n 37.3542\n ],\n [\n -106.2644,\n 37.3542\n ],\n [\n -106.2644,\n 37.4761\n ],\n [\n -106.6764,\n 37.4761\n ],\n [\n -106.6764,\n 37.3542\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcdd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, Roderick F. rfortiz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"Roderick","email":"rfortiz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edelmann, Patrick","contributorId":86305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edelmann","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferguson, Sheryl","contributorId":86812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Sheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stogner, Robert Sr.","contributorId":31801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stogner","given":"Robert","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":45034,"text":"wri014025 - 2002 - Aquifer geochemistry and effects of pumping on ground-water quality at the Green Belt Parkway Well Field, Holbrook, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T13:42:05","indexId":"wri014025","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4025","title":"Aquifer geochemistry and effects of pumping on ground-water quality at the Green Belt Parkway Well Field, Holbrook, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Geochemistry, microbiology, and water quality of the Magothy aquifer at a new supply well in Holbrook were studied to help identify factors that contribute to iron-related biofouling of public-supply wells. The organic carbon content of borehole sediments from the screen zone, and the dominant terminal electron-accepting processes (TEAPs), varied by depth. TEAP assays of core sediments indicated that iron reduction, sulfate reduction, and undetermined (possibly oxic) reactions and microbial activity are correlated with organic carbon (lignite) content. The quality of water from this well, therefore, reflects the wide range of aquifer microenvironments at this site.
High concentrations of dissolved iron (3.6 to 6.4 micromoles per liter) in water samples from this well indicate that some water is derived from Fe(III)-reducing sediments within the aquifer, but traces of dissolved oxygen indicate inflow of shallow, oxygenated water from shallow units that overlie the local confining units. Water-quality monitoring before and during a 2-day pumping test indicates that continuous pumping from the Magothy aquifer at this site can induce downward flow of shallow, oxygenated water despite the locally confined conditions. Average concentrations of dissolved oxygen are high (5.2 milligrams per liter, or mg/L) in the overlying upper glacial aquifer and at the top of the Magothy aquifer (4.3 mg/L), and low ( < 0.1 mg/L) in the deeper, anaerobic part of the Magothy; average concentrations of phosphate are high (0.4 mg/L) in the upper glacial aquifer and lower (0.008 mg/L) at the top of the Magothy aquifer and in the deeper part of the Magothy (0.013 mg/L). Concentrations of both constituents increased during the 2 days of pumping. The δ34S of sulfate in shallow ground water from observation wells (3.8 to 6.4 per mil) was much heavier than that in the supplywell water (-0.1 per mil) and was used to help identify sources of water entering the supply well. The δ34S of sulfate in a deep observation well adjacent to the supply well increased from 2.4 per mil before pumping to 3.3 per mil after pumping; this confirms that the pumping induced downward migration of water. The lighter δ34S value in the pumped water than in the adjacent observation well probably indicates FeS2 oxidation (which releases light δ34S in adjacent sediments) by the downward flow of oxygenated water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Suffolk County Water Authority","usgsCitation":"Brown, C., Colabufo, S., and Coates, J.D., 2002, Aquifer geochemistry and effects of pumping on ground-water quality at the Green Belt Parkway Well Field, Holbrook, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4025, v, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014025.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3897,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4025/wri014025.pdf","text":"Report","size":"539 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2001-4025"},{"id":135785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4025/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Holbrook","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.23898315429688,\n 40.68584503000695\n ],\n [\n -72.87918090820312,\n 40.68584503000695\n ],\n [\n -72.87918090820312,\n 40.99855696412671\n ],\n [\n -73.23898315429688,\n 40.99855696412671\n ],\n [\n -73.23898315429688,\n 40.68584503000695\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/