{"pageNumber":"304","pageRowStart":"7575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":29364,"text":"wri934156 - 1994 - Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Owyhee and Vale Projects, Oregon and Idaho, 1990-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:32:52","indexId":"wri934156","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4156","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Owyhee and Vale Projects, Oregon and Idaho, 1990-91","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance investigation was conducted during 1990--91 in the Owyhee and Vale projects in eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho, as well as at a number of sites in the Snake River and tributaries to the Snake River in the area of study. The objective of the study was to determine if agricultural drainwater entering the study area was causing, or had the potential to cause, significant harmful effects to human health, fish and wildlife, or may adversely affect the suitability of water for beneficial uses.  Approximately 153,000 acres of land are irrigated annually within the areas of the Owyhee and Vale projects. Large quantities of water are required because of the semiarid climate and relatively high evaporation rates. Several reservoirs in the area are filled annually during the wet, nonirrigation season to sustain irrigation during the dry summer months. During the irrigation season, this impounded water, along with direct diversions from the Malheur, Owyhee, and Snake Rivers, is transported to the irrigated areas through a series of diversion tunnels, siphons, canals, aqueducts, ditches, and drains. Major crops grown in the area include sugar beets, alfalfa hay and other hay crops, onions, and winter wheat. Minor crops include corn, potatoes, mint, various seed crops, and fruit. In 1987, it was estimated that the following amounts of pesticides were used in the project areas: 2,4-D (21,000 lbs [pounds]), chlorpyrifos (1,000 lbs), dacthal (40,000 lbs), dicamba (320 lbs), endosulfan (2,500 lbs), ethion (11,000 lbs), malathion (24,000 lbs), parathion (5,000 lbs), and phorate (11,000 lbs).  Median concentrations and values for total dissolved solids, alkalinity, sodium adsorption ratio, and hardness in the Vale project area were greater than 1.5 times those values observed in the Owyhee project area or at other Snake River locations. During irrigation (August 1990), total dissolved solids, alkalinity, sodium adsorption ratio, and hardness values increased in a downstream manner. Constituent values at drainwater sites generally were comparable to concentrations below the irrigated ureas in the Owyhee and Vale project areas.  The trace elements arsenic, boron, copper, molybdenum, vanadium, and zinc were detected in most water samples; cadmium, chromium, lead, and selenium were detected in some samples at concentrations generally near the analytical reporting limit; mercury was not detected in any samples. In some water samples, concentrations of arsenic, boron, cadmium, copper, and lead exceeded State or Federal water-quality standards or criteria.  Most trace elements in bottom sediment were detected at concentrations within the expected 95-percent baseline range for soils from the Western United States. Concentrations that exceeded the 95-percent baseline range for study area soils were: (1) arsenic and lead in one sample from a site in the Vale project area; (2) mercury, lead, and tin in one sample from a site in the Snake River system; (3) manganese in two samples from two sites in the Snake River system; and (4) manganese from one sample from a site in the Vale project area.  Fifteen pesticides and metabolites were detected in whole-water samples collected from sites in the study area. DDT, plus its metabolites (DDE and DDD), dieldrin, endrin, 2,4-D, dicamba, and dacthal were detected in samples collected from seven or more sites. Other pesticides detected included chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, ethion, malathion, parathion, phorate, and lindane. Most of the detected pesticide concentrations generally were largest in drainwater and at the most downstream sampling locations in the Owyhee and Vale project areas. Concentrations exceeded water-quality criteria established for the protection of freshwater aquatic life in 86 percent of the whole-water samples analyzed for DDT plus its metabolites, 71 percent of the dieldrin samples, 14 percent of the endrin samples, and 10 percent of the parathion samples.  Eight pesticides and ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934156","usgsCitation":"Rinella, F.A., Mullins, W., and Schuler, C., 1994, Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Owyhee and Vale Projects, Oregon and Idaho, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4156, vii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934156.","productDescription":"vii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58212,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4156/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b29b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinella, F. A.","contributorId":89120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullins, W.H.","contributorId":105345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuler, C.A.","contributorId":42627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31802,"text":"ofr93659 - 1994 - Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface, May and June 1993, and change in water level 1983-93, in the carbonate rocks in part of East Whiteland and Charlestown Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T20:40:27.511693","indexId":"ofr93659","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-659","title":"Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface, May and June 1993, and change in water level 1983-93, in the carbonate rocks in part of East Whiteland and Charlestown Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A map showing ground-water levels in the carbonate rocks of northern Chester County, Pa., was constructed on the basis of water levels in 51 wells measured in May and June 1993. The area studied underlies parts of East Whiteland and Charlestown Townships. Water-level altitudes range from about 413 feet above sea level on Phoenixville Pike to 130 feet above sea level along Route 29.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93659","usgsCitation":"McManus, B., and Sloto, R., 1994, Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface, May and June 1993, and change in water level 1983-93, in the carbonate rocks in part of East Whiteland and Charlestown Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-659, 1 Plate: 28.36 × 21.64 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93659.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 28.36 × 21.64 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391359,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12792.htm"},{"id":60006,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0659/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester County","otherGeospatial":"East Whiteland and Charlestown Townships","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.6,\n              40.033\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.517,\n              40.033\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.517,\n              40.083\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6,\n              40.083\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6,\n              40.033\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McManus, B. C.","contributorId":45731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloto, R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19733,"text":"ofr94331 - 1994 - Bibliography of selected water-resources information for the Arkansas River basin in Colorado through 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:47","indexId":"ofr94331","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-331","title":"Bibliography of selected water-resources information for the Arkansas River basin in Colorado through 1985","docAbstract":"The Arkansas River basin composes most of southeastern Colorado, and the numerous population centers and vast areas of agricultural development are located primarily in the semiarid part of the basin east of the Continental Divide.  Because effective management and development of water resources in this semiarid area are essential to the viability of the basin, many hydrologic data- collection programs and investigations have been done. This report contains a bibliography of selected water-resources information about the basin, including regularly published information and special investigations, from Federal, State, and other organizations. To aid the reader, the infor- mation is indexed by author, subject, county, and hydrologic unit (drainage basin).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94331","usgsCitation":"Kuzmiak, J.M., and Strickland, H.H., 1994, Bibliography of selected water-resources information for the Arkansas River basin in Colorado through 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-331, 266 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94331.","productDescription":"266 p","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0331/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49207,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0331/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a3be4b07f02db61ee72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuzmiak, John M. jkuzmiak@usgs.gov","contributorId":2564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmiak","given":"John","email":"jkuzmiak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strickland, Hyla H.","contributorId":42988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"Hyla","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31795,"text":"ofr94410 - 1994 - Preliminary bedrock geologic map of parts of the Lower Waterford, Concord, Littleton, and Miles Pond 7 1/2-minute quadrangles, Vermont and New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T21:52:31.230577","indexId":"ofr94410","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-410","title":"Preliminary bedrock geologic map of parts of the Lower Waterford, Concord, Littleton, and Miles Pond 7 1/2-minute quadrangles, Vermont and New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<p>The map area, in east-central Vermont and adjacent New Hampshire, consists of parts of the Lower Waterford, Concord, Littleton and Miles Pond 7 1/2-minute quadrangles (Fig. 1) that together constitute the Littleton 15-minute quadrangle. The mapping is part of the effort to produce a new bedrock geologic map of Vermont through the collection of field data at a scale of 1:24,000. The focus of my part of the project is to map and interpret the \"New Hampshire sequence\" rocks (White and Jahns, 1950) that crop out in Vermont and their relationship to those of the \"Vermont sequence\", or the Connecticut Valley trough, west of the Monroe line, here a fault (Hatch, 1988a). The work is a continuation of mapping just initiated by N.L. Hatch, Jr., prior to his death in 1991. This particular map area was chosen as the place to initiate this study because it includes one of the largest areas of the New Hampshire sequence in Vermont, because it is adjacent to and on strike with the Littleton-Moosilauke area in New Hampshire that includes the type area of most of the units of the New Hampshire sequence (Billings, 1935, 1937), and because the Connecticut River here runs roughly east to west across the regional strike and might provide a good stratigraphic section across the rocks under study. The mapping showed that no bedrock is exposed along either bank of the Connecticut River across most of the area, but there are excellent exposures in the spillways of two large dams, Moore Dam on the east and Comerford Dam on the west (about 100 m west of the Lower Waterford quadrangle), along Interstate Highway 93 (1-93), and adequate exposures in the hills above the river. My mapping was mostly in the Vermont parts of the Littleton 15-minute quadrangle but included some work in the Barnett 7 1/2 x 15-minute quadrangle to the west and a zone along the New Hampshire side of the Connecticut River that included Albee Hill, Partridge Lake, Highland Croft farm, the former Fitch farm, and the outskirts of Littleton. The Vermont mapping is thus tied to the classic Littleton-Moosilauke area of Billings (1937) and the fossiliferous Fitch and Littleton Formations in their type areas.</p>","conferenceTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94410","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Vermont","usgsCitation":"Rankin, D., 1994, Preliminary bedrock geologic map of parts of the Lower Waterford, Concord, Littleton, and Miles Pond 7 1/2-minute quadrangles, Vermont and New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-410, Report: 28 p.; 3 Plates: 31.29 x 33.48 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94410.","productDescription":"Report: 28 p.; 3 Plates: 31.29 x 33.48 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310022,"rank":303,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0410/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310021,"rank":302,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0410/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310020,"rank":301,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0410/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60004,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0410/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0410/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":397760,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19306.htm"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lower Waterford, Concord, Littleton, and Miles Pond 7 1/2-minute quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72,\n              44.31\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.792,\n              44.31\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.792,\n              44.455\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              44.455\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              44.31\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c99b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rankin, Douglas W. dwrankin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"Douglas W.","email":"dwrankin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38200,"text":"pp1538H - 1994 - A search for paleoliquefaction and evidence bearing on the recurrence behavior of the great 1811-12 New Madrid earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:00","indexId":"pp1538H","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1538","chapter":"H","title":"A search for paleoliquefaction and evidence bearing on the recurrence behavior of the great 1811-12 New Madrid earthquakes","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1811-12, three of the largest historic earthquakes in the United States occurred near New Madrid, Missouri. Seismicity continues to the present day throughout a tightly clustered pattern of epicenters centered on the bootheel of Missouri, including parts of northeastern Arkansas, northwestern Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. In 1990, the New Madrid seismic zone/central United States became the first seismically active region east of the Rocky Mountains to be designated a priority research area within the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). This professional paper is a collection of papers, some published separately, presenting results of the newly intensified research program in this area. Major components of this research program include tectonic framework studies, seismicity and deformation monitoring and modeling, improved seismic hazard and risk assessments, and cooperative hazard mitigation studies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1538H","usgsCitation":"Wesnousky, S., and Leffler, L., 1994, A search for paleoliquefaction and evidence bearing on the recurrence behavior of the great 1811-12 New Madrid earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1538, p. H1-H42, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1538H.","productDescription":"p. H1-H42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64488,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b18e4b07f02db6a6fed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesnousky, S.G.","contributorId":16469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesnousky","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leffler, L.M.","contributorId":63854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leffler","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":67164,"text":"i1970D - 1994 - Maps showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains-northern plains states (west of 102 degrees west longitude)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:19","indexId":"i1970D","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1970","subseriesTitle":"NONE","chapter":"D","title":"Maps showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains-northern plains states (west of 102 degrees west longitude)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1970D","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 1994, Maps showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains-northern plains states (west of 102 degrees west longitude): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1970, 1 map :col. ;36 x 84 cm., on sheet 94 x 120 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1970D.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;36 x 84 cm., on sheet 94 x 120 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107226,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10048.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10048"},{"id":188314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113,46 ], [ -113,49 ], [ -102,49 ], [ -102,46 ], [ -113,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, D. R.","contributorId":25923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31778,"text":"ofr94372 - 1994 - Potentiometric surface of the middle Potomac Aquifer in Virginia, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-26T21:10:19.789663","indexId":"ofr94372","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-372","title":"Potentiometric surface of the middle Potomac Aquifer in Virginia, 1993","docAbstract":"Ground-water level measurements from 50 wells in the middle Potomac aquifer in the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province of Virginia in 1993 were used to prepare a map of the potentiometric surface of the aquifer. The map shows the potentiometric surface of the middle Potomac aquifer sharply declining eastward from nearly 100 feet above sear level near the western boundary of the aquifer to 20 feet below sea level, and continues declining gradually toward the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean. A cone of depression is apparent around well fields in Franklin, Virginia. The potentiometric surface also appears to be affected by pumping in the area of Henrico County and Hanover County, Virginia. The highest ground-water-level measurement was 89 feet above sea level in Chesterfield County near Richmond, and the lowest ground-water-level measurement was 179 feet below sea level in southeastern Isle of Wight County, Virginia.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94372","usgsCitation":"Hammond, E.C., McFarland, E.R., and Focazio, M., 1994, Potentiometric surface of the middle Potomac Aquifer in Virginia, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-372, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94372.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59993,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0372/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390987,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12512.htm"},{"id":160996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0372/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"middle Potomac Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78,\n              36.48\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.119,\n              36.48\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.119,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -78,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -78,\n              36.48\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammond, E. C.","contributorId":34544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, E. R.","contributorId":65109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":39626,"text":"pp1538N - 1994 - Evidence of contemporary and ancient excess fluid pressure in the New Madrid seismic zone of the Reelfoot Rift, central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:55","indexId":"pp1538N","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1538","chapter":"N","title":"Evidence of contemporary and ancient excess fluid pressure in the New Madrid seismic zone of the Reelfoot Rift, central United States","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1811-12, three of the largest historic earthquakes in the United States occurred near New Madrid, Missouri. Seismicity continues to the present day throughout a tightly clustered pattern of epicenters centered on the bootheel of Missouri, including parts of northeastern Arkansas, northwestern Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. In 1990, the New Madrid seismic zone/central United States became the first seismically active region east of the Rocky Mountains to be designated a priority research area within the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). This professional paper is a collection of papers, some published separately, presenting results of the newly intensified research program in this area. Major components of this research program include tectonic framework studies, seismicity and deformation monitoring and modeling, improved seismic hazard and risk assessments, and cooperative hazard mitigation studies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1538N","usgsCitation":"McKeown, F.A., and Diehl, S., 1994, Evidence of contemporary and ancient excess fluid pressure in the New Madrid seismic zone of the Reelfoot Rift, central United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1538, p. N1-N24, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1538N.","productDescription":"p. N1-N24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538n/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67263,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9946","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKeown, F. A.","contributorId":106100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeown","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diehl, S.","contributorId":68368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70221642,"text":"70221642 - 1994 - Sedimentary patterns across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T21:44:21.166946","indexId":"70221642","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T16:37:41","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8941,"text":"Bulletin - Societe Belge de Geologie","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary patterns across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains of the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fossiliferous clay and sand belonging to calcareous nannofossil Zones NP 9 (latest Paleocene) and NP 10 (earliest Eocene) are widespread in the US Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains. Although the thickness of Zone NP 9-NP 10 strata is several times greater in the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain than in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, the hiatus that usually is present between these two zones in inner neritic strata is of longer duration in the Gulf Coast. Although 6 sequences are found in Zones NP 10-NP 11 in both the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, the number of sequences in each NP zone differs in the 2 areas. There is continuous deposition across the Zone NP 9-NP 10 boundary only in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, where middle to outer neritic deposits record the presence of several latest Paleocene (upper Zone NP 9) events that occurred at approximately 55.2 Ma.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Societe Belge de Geologie","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T.G., and Bybell, L.M., 1994, Sedimentary patterns across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains of the United States: Bulletin - Societe Belge de Geologie, v. 103, no. 3-4, p. 237-265.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"265","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386763,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Coastal Plain, Gulf Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.7626953125,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7724609375,\n              39.36827914916014\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.134765625,\n              36.06686213257888\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.79296874999999,\n              31.240985378021307\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.4619140625,\n              31.052933985705163\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.064453125,\n              30.259067203213018\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.525390625,\n              27.01998400798257\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.3828125,\n              25.363882272740256\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.900390625,\n              28.38173504322308\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.857421875,\n              28.110748760633534\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.166015625,\n              29.19053283229458\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.8916015625,\n              27.605670826465445\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.1337890625,\n              24.126701958681668\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.33203125,\n              24.407137917727667\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0908203125,\n              27.605670826465445\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.98046875,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8828125,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.7626953125,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, Thomas G.","contributorId":25180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70231172,"text":"70231172 - 1994 - Environmental geology of Warren County, New Jersey; bedrock geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-02T15:27:11.757352","indexId":"70231172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T10:21:16","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10736,"text":"Open File Map","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"15A","title":"Environmental geology of Warren County, New Jersey; bedrock geology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"New Jersey Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Volkert, R.A., Herman, G.C., Drake, A.A., Epstein, J.B., Dalton, R.F., and Monteverde, D.H., 1994, Environmental geology of Warren County, New Jersey; bedrock geology: Open File Map 15A, 1 Plate: 41.93 × 49.44 inches.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 41.93 × 49.44 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,{"id":70216573,"text":"70216573 - 1994 - Analysis of the surface hydrology in a regional climate model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T18:20:00.191634","indexId":"70216573","displayToPublicDate":"1994-11-25T12:35:13","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7443,"text":"Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the surface hydrology in a regional climate model","docAbstract":"<p>This paper discusses the surface hydrology of a multi‐year simulation of present day climate over the United States (US) conducted with a regional climate model (RegCM) nested within a general circulation model (GCM). The RegCM, which is run with a 60 km gridpoint spacing is interactively coupled with a state‐of‐the‐art surface physics package that includes full surface hydrology calculations (the Biosphere‐Atmosphere Transfer Scheme or BATS). The hydrologic budgets of ten regional drainage basins in the US are analysed. Model results are compared with available observations and with results from previous modelling experiments to evaluate the feasibility of using nested RegCM/GCM models for hydrology studies. In our experiment, the model captures the basic seasonality of the basin hydrologic budgets, although the simulated precipitation amounts are too high over the western US and too low over the eastern US. As a result, runoff, snow cover and soil water content are underestimated over the eastern US basins, while evaporation and runoff are overestimated in some of the western US basins. Topographically induced characteristics of precipitation, snow cover and runoff are well simulated over the mountainous western regions. Also well captured is the inter‐basin variation of hydrologic budgets which occurs in response to different climatic settings. The springtime snowmelt and peak runoff season generally occurs in the model earlier in the year than is observed. Although our work indicates that the coupled regional modelling system can be useful in applications to hydrological studies, results from this experiment indicate that better accuracy in the simulation of regional climatic variables and more detailed representation of some hydrologic processes would be required before the coupled modelling system could be used to provide accurate assessments of hydrologic responses to climate change.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/qj.49712051510","usgsCitation":"Giorgi, F., Hostetler, S.W., and Shields Brodeur, C., 1994, Analysis of the surface hydrology in a regional climate model: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, v. 120, no. 515, p. 161-183, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712051510.","productDescription":"23 p","startPage":"161","endPage":"183","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science 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,{"id":70243972,"text":"70243972 - 1994 - Long-period earthquakes in the Long Valley Caldera Region, eastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T16:13:59.411442","indexId":"70243972","displayToPublicDate":"1994-08-01T11:01:54","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-period earthquakes in the Long Valley Caldera Region, eastern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most earthquakes occurring near Long Valley caldera since the onset of recurring swarm activity in 1980 have the broad-band signature typical of tectonic or volcano-tectonic earthquakes with impulsive, high-frequency P and S waves. With the Mammoth Mountain earthquake swarm in mid 1989, we began detecting occasional events with a marked deficiency in energy above 5 Hz, a feature typical of long-period (LP) volcanic earthquakes. These events occur beneath the southwest flank of Mammoth Mountain at focal depths ranging from 10 to 28 km, distinctly deeper than the 2- to 10-km depth range for tectonic earthquakes in the area. The LP events occur at intervals ranging from weeks to months. Individual occurrences typically consist of several events within 2 to 5 minutes where the largest event has never been first. Magnitudes range from 0.5 to 1.8. The mid-crustal focal depths of the LP events are similar to occurrences at a number of areas with Holocene volcanism in Japan and the western United States. They may indicate the movement of magmatic fluids but do not necessarily indicate an imminent volcanic eruption.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94GL01371","usgsCitation":"Pitt, A., and Hill, D.P., 1994, Long-period earthquakes in the Long Valley Caldera Region, eastern California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 21, no. 16, p. 1679-1682, https://doi.org/10.1029/94GL01371.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1679","endPage":"1682","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417513,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.06651991676378,\n              37.61659398787745\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.75652144550818,\n              37.61659398787745\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.75652144550818,\n              37.790058096479925\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.06651991676378,\n              37.790058096479925\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.06651991676378,\n              37.61659398787745\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitt, Andrew M. pitt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitt","given":"Andrew M.","email":"pitt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, David P. 0000-0002-1619-2006 dhill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-2006","contributorId":206752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"dhill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70243969,"text":"70243969 - 1994 - GPS measured rates of deformation in the northern San Francisco Bay Region, California, 1990–1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T15:15:13.069364","indexId":"70243969","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T09:35:47","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GPS measured rates of deformation in the northern San Francisco Bay Region, California, 1990–1993","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 100-km-long, 13-station profile extending across the San Andreas fault system north of San Francisco Bay was measured 7 times between March 1990 and January 1993 with the Global Positioning System (GPS). The data have been processed using the Bernese Version 3.2 software. Data from a continental-scale fiducial network were included in the solutions to aid orbit improvement and provide a consistent reference frame. We find 33 ± 2 mm/yr of fault-parallel (N33°W) shear evenly distributed southwest and northeast of the Rodgers Creek fault and a near linear velocity gradient across the profile. The profile spans most of the zone of active deformation associated with the San Andreas fault system. Shear is negligible at the east end of the profile near the Great Valley. Additional shear of a few millimeters per year is likely beyond Point Reyes Head, the west end of the profile. We observe no systematic convergence upon the fault. The GPS measured velocities are similar to those derived previously from trilateration. The velocity change across the GPS profile (31–35 mm/yr) plus that west of the profile (0–3 mm/yr) and that observed with VLBI east of the Sierra Nevada Mountains (∼10–12 mm/yr) accounts for the North American-Pacific plate rate (46–47 mm/yr).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94GL01227","usgsCitation":"Williams, S.D., Svarc, J.L., Lisowski, M., and Prescott, W., 1994, GPS measured rates of deformation in the northern San Francisco Bay Region, California, 1990–1993: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 21, no. 14, p. 1511-1514, https://doi.org/10.1029/94GL01227.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1511","endPage":"1514","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.67787296745597,\n              37.935723282750175\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.49240053350692,\n              37.582608421523375\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.19715869987414,\n              37.39940580401151\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8413544388292,\n              37.3241930156277\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.39849168837979,\n              37.57360896549716\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.23951531642354,\n              37.9118365816349\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.33792926096763,\n              38.177138817390414\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59531957746846,\n              38.30200351083394\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.27664688585205,\n              38.37325844916012\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64759175375013,\n              38.18606483453169\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.67787296745597,\n              37.935723282750175\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, S. D. P.","contributorId":305832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry L. 0000-0002-2802-4528 jsvarc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-4528","contributorId":2413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","email":"jsvarc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222752,"text":"5222752 - 1994 - Mourning dove population trend estimates from Call-Count and North American Breeding Bird Surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-09T14:15:27.219485","indexId":"5222752","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mourning dove population trend estimates from Call-Count and North American Breeding Bird Surveys","docAbstract":"<p>The mourning dove (<i>Zenaida macrour</i>a) Call-count Survey and the North American Breeding Bird Survey provide information on population trends of mourning doves throughout the continental United States. Because surveys are an integral part of the development of hunting regulations, a need exists to determine which survey provides precise information. We estimated population trends from 1966 to 1988 by state and dove management unit, and assessed the relative efficiency of each survey. Estimates of population trend differ (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) between surveys in 11 of 48 states; 9 of 11 states with divergent results occur in the Eastern Management Unit. Differences were probably a consequence of smaller sample sizes in the Callcount Survey. The Breeding Bird Survey generally provided trend estimates with smaller variances than did the Callcount Survey. Although the Callcount Survey probably provides more withinroute accuracy because of survey methods and timing, the Breeding Bird Survey has a larger sample size of survey routes and greater consistency of coverage in the Eastern Unit.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809323","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., Dolton, D., and Droege, S., 1994, Mourning dove population trend estimates from Call-Count and North American Breeding Bird Surveys: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 3, p. 506-515, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809323.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"515","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"continental United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    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-104.04826,\n                48.99986\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.65,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.22872,\n                49.0007\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15907,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15609,\n                49.38425\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ]\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      },\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"United States\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698cbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolton, David D.","contributorId":45803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolton","given":"David D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187191,"text":"70187191 - 1994 - Climate, soil water storage, and the average annual water balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T10:06:28","indexId":"70187191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate, soil water storage, and the average annual water balance","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper describes the development and testing of the hypothesis that the long-term water balance is determined only by the local interaction of fluctuating water supply (precipitation) and demand (potential evapotranspiration), mediated by water storage in the soil. Adoption of this hypothesis, together with idealized representations of relevant input variabilities in time and space, yields a simple model of the water balance of a finite area having a uniform climate. The partitioning of average annual precipitation into evapotranspiration and runoff depends on seven dimensionless numbers: the ratio of average annual potential evapotranspiration to average annual precipitation (index of dryness); the ratio of the spatial average plant-available water-holding capacity of the soil to the annual average precipitation amount; the mean number of precipitation events per year; the shape parameter of the gamma distribution describing spatial variability of storage capacity; and simple measures of the seasonality of mean precipitation intensity, storm arrival rate, and potential evapotranspiration. The hypothesis is tested in an application of the model to the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, with no calibration. Study area averages of runoff and evapotranspiration, based on observations, are 263 mm and 728 mm, respectively; the model yields corresponding estimates of 250 mm and 741 mm, respectively, and explains 88% of the geographical variance of observed runoff within the study region. The differences between modeled and observed runoff can be explained by uncertainties in the model inputs and in the observed runoff. In the humid (index of dryness &lt;1) parts of the study area, the dominant factor producing runoff is the excess of annual precipitation over annual potential evapotranspiration, but runoff caused by variability of supply and demand over time is also significant; in the arid (index of dryness &gt;1) parts, all of the runoff is caused by variability of forcing over time. Contributions to model runoff attributable to small-scale spatial variability of storage capacity are insignificant throughout the study area. The consistency of the model with observational data is supportive of the supply-demand-storage hypothesis, which neglects infiltration excess runoff and other finite-permeability effects on the soil water balance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94WR00586","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., 1994, Climate, soil water storage, and the average annual water balance: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 7, p. 2143-2156, https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR00586.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"2143","endPage":"2156","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006082e4b0e85db3a5df08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209800,"text":"70209800 - 1994 - Preliminary U-series disequilibrium and thermoluminescence ages of surficial deposits and paleosols associated with Quaternary faults, eastern Yucca Mountain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T16:05:17.130121","indexId":"70209800","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-30T10:57:50","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preliminary U-series disequilibrium and thermoluminescence ages of surficial deposits and paleosols associated with Quaternary faults, eastern Yucca Mountain","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management 1994","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International high-level radioactive waste management conference","conferenceDate":"May 22-26, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","usgsCitation":"Paces, J.B., Menges, C.M., Wildmann, B., Wesling, J.R., Bush, C.A., Futa, K., Millard, H.T., Maat, P., and Whitney, J.W., 1994, Preliminary U-series disequilibrium and thermoluminescence ages of surficial deposits and paleosols associated with Quaternary faults, eastern Yucca Mountain, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management 1994, Las Vegas, NV, May 22-26, 1994, p. 2391-2401.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2391","endPage":"2401","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":374354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=0088213"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.48254394531249,\n              36.91352904330221\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.43602371215822,\n              36.91352904330221\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.43602371215822,\n              36.95757376878687\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.48254394531249,\n              36.95757376878687\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.48254394531249,\n              36.91352904330221\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menges, Christopher M. 0000-0002-8045-2933 cmmenges@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-2933","contributorId":167644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menges","given":"Christopher","email":"cmmenges@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wildmann, B.","contributorId":224394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wildmann","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wesling, J. R.","contributorId":115937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesling","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bush, Charles A. cbush@usgs.gov","contributorId":1258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"cbush@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Futa, Kiyoto 0000-0001-8649-7510 kfuta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-7510","contributorId":619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"Kiyoto","email":"kfuta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Millard, H. T.","contributorId":38587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millard","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maat, P. B.","contributorId":41070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maat","given":"P. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Whitney, John W. 0000-0003-3824-3692 jwhitney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-3692","contributorId":804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"John","email":"jwhitney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70159214,"text":"70159214 - 1994 - Hydrogeology, simulation of regional ground-water flow, and saltwater intrusion,  Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer System, Northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T08:55:32","indexId":"70159214","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-14T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":127,"text":"New Jersey Geological Survey Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"36","title":"Hydrogeology, simulation of regional ground-water flow, and saltwater intrusion,  Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer System, Northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p>The Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in Middlesex and Monmouth Counties in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey consists primarily of unconsolidated Cretaceous sediments, which are divided into the upper and middle aquifers and confining units. These units, which strike northeastsouthwest along the Fall Line, dip and thicken to the southeast. The upper aquifer consists primarily of the Old Bridge Sand Member of the Magothy Formation, which is composed of coarse-grained sands, localized thin clay beds, and younger surficial sands and gravels in and near the outcrop. Transmissivity ranges from 1,760 to 19,400 ft<sup>2</sup>/d (feet squared per day) and tends to be higher in updip areas. Estimated withdrawals from the upper aquifer in the northern Coastal Plain were approximately 42 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) in 1986. Cones of depression whose centers range from 36 to 42 ft (feet) below sea level have developed as a result of these withdrawals.</p>\n<p>The upper aquifer is confined throughout most of the northern New Jersey Coastal Plain by clays and silts of the Cretaceous Woodbury Clay and Merchantville Formation and younger sediments of the Magothy Formation. This confining unit generally is greater than 200 ft thick. The simulated vertical hydraulic conductivity for the confining unit ranges from 8.4 x 10<sup>-5</sup> to 5.6 x 10<sup>-3</sup> feet per day; interpreted vertical hydraulic conductivities generally are lower except in southwestern Middlesex County, where the vertical hydraulic conductivities of the confining unit are higher.</p>\n<p>The middle aquifer consists primarily of the Farrington Sand Member of the Cretaceous Raritan Formation and surficial Holocene and Miocene sands and gravels in its outcrop area. It also can include the uppermost sands of the Cretaceous Potomac Group in parts of Monmouth County. The middle aquifer is composed of fine to coarse sand that contains some lignite and pyrite, and, locally, some clay beds. It pinches out in the northern part of Sayreville Township, near Raritan River. The transmissivity of the aquifer ranges from 2,140 to 13,800 ft<sup>2/</sup>d and tends to decrease in the northern part of the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey where the aquifer thins. A poorly permeable confining unit composed mostly of clays and silts of the Woodbridge Clay Member of the Raritan Formation overlies the aquifer in most of this area. The confining unit generally is greater than 100 ft thick, although it thins and is sandy in the southwestern part of Middlesex County, where a good hydraulic connection exists between the middle and upper aquifers. Estimated withdrawals from the middle aquifer in the northern Coastal Plain were about 22 Mgal/d in 1986. These withdrawals have caused cones of depression whose centers range from 77 to 93 ft below sea level.</p>\n<p>A finite-difference, quasi-three-dimensional ground-water flow model was developed to simulate ground-water flow in the aquifer system. The confined and unconfined areas of the upper and middle aquifers were modeled as separate layers. The model was calibrated primarily by adjusting vertical hydraulic conductivity in the confining units and horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the aquifers, then matching simulated and measured groundwater levels for the period 1896-1986 and simulated and interpreted potentiometric surfaces under predevelopment conditions and in 1984.</p>\n<p>For the predevelopment period, the total flow into and out of the upper and middle aquifers is 35 and 21 Mgal/d, respectively. Recharge to the aquifer system is from direct recharge in the unconfined areas and from vertical leakage through overlying confining units. The main recharge areas are the topographically high areas in southwestern Middlesex County for both aquifers, in the eastern Sayreville area for the upper aquifer, and north of the Raritan River for the middle aquifer. Most ground water discharges to low-lying regional surface-water drains (streams), which flow into the South River.</p>\n<p>For 1984 transient conditions, the total ground-water flow into and out of the upper and middle aquifers is 61 and 34 Mgal/d, respectively. The largest amount of recharge is from direct recharge in the unconfined areas, but some recharge also is derived from vertical leakage through the Merchantville-Woodbury confining unit, captured ground-water discharge to streams, and induced inflow at artificial-recharge facilities. Regional flow is from recharge areas toward major cones of depression.</p>\n<p>Sensitivity analysis showed that the model was useful for representing flow in the system, especially in the confined-aquifer areas. Model representation of lateral and vertical boundary conditions was judged acceptable. Simulation results were less sensitive to changes in aquifer properties in the unconfined areas of the aquifers and to changes in storage in the confining units. Sensitivity analysis and calibration of hydraulic parameters and conditions showed that the distribution of hydraulic head was sensitive to changes in horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the aquifers, vertical hydraulic conductivity in the confining units, magnitudes of ground-water withdrawals, and initial hydraulic head in aquifer outcrop areas.</p>\n<p>Two scenarios were simulated to determine the effects of ground-water withdrawals from 1986 through 2019. For the scenario in which ground-water withdrawals increase to about 69 Mgal/d in the upper aquifer and 37 Mgal/d in the middle aquifer, centers of cones of depression are as deep as 100 ft below sea level in the upper aquifer and 170 ft below sea level in the middle aquifer. For this scenario, most of the additional water comes from captured surface-water discharge, induced cross-formational flow from overlying aquifers, and increases in induced flow from artificial-recharge areas. Induced flow from Raritan Bay also increases. For the scenario in which ground water withdrawals are reduced to 42.5 Mgal/d in the upper aquifer and 15 Mgal/d in the middle aquifer, water levels recover to above sea level nearly everywhere. In each aquifer, ground-water discharge to streams increases and induced flow through the confining units and from the overlying sediments decreases, and discharge of ground water to Raritan Bay in the upper aquifer exceeds the induced recharge from Raritan Bay.</p>\n<p>Reversal of ground-water gradients has caused saltwater intrusion in the two aquifers. Chloride concentrations in water from the upper aquifer in Keyport and Union Beach Boroughs were as high as 2,100 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in 1986. The intrusion has not increased significantly since well fields in the area were closed in the late 1970's. Elevated chloride concentrations also were measured in Keanesburg Borough in 1986. In both of these areas, saltwater has entered the upper aquifer from the Bay because of movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface in response to increasing ground-water withdrawals.</p>\n<p>Chloride concentrations in well-water samples from the middle aquifer were as high as 6,000 mg/L in Sayreville Borough in 1987; concentrations in samples from drive-point wells from the same aquifer near the Washington Canal, the main source of saltwater, were as high as 7,100 mg/L. The migration of the saltwater front at about 470 feet per year to the southeast is influenced mainly by a thinning of the middle aquifer, which constrains flow, and by the locations of regional cones of depression caused by groundwater withdrawals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy Division of Science and Research Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Pucci, A.A., Pope, D.A., and Gronberg, J.M., 1994, Hydrogeology, simulation of regional ground-water flow, and saltwater intrusion,  Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer System, Northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey: New Jersey Geological Survey Report 36, Report: xi, 209 p.; 2 Plates: 34.08 x 31.75 inches and 34.42 x 31.83 inches.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 209 p.; 2 Plates: 34.08 x 31.75 inches and 34.42 x 31.83 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310059,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70159214.jpg"},{"id":311244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159214/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":327410,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159214/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":327409,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159214/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Mercer County, Middlesex County, Monmouth County","otherGeospatial":"Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer System, Raritan Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.6,\n              40.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6,\n              40.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.97,\n              40.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.97,\n              40.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6,\n              40.1\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56261475e4b0fb9a11dd7635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pucci, Amleto A. Jr.","contributorId":86494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pucci","given":"Amleto","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Daryll A. dpope@usgs.gov","contributorId":3796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Daryll","email":"dpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":577851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-4822-7434 jmgronbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-7434","contributorId":3548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","email":"jmgronbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70243630,"text":"70243630 - 1994 - Petrogenesis of the highly potassic 1.42 Ga Barrel Spring pluton, southeastern California, with implications for mid-Proterozoic magma genesis in the southwestern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-16T11:49:04.350551","indexId":"70243630","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-01T06:27:07","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of the highly potassic 1.42 Ga Barrel Spring pluton, southeastern California, with implications for mid-Proterozoic magma genesis in the southwestern USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>Syenites from the Barrel Spring pluton were emplaced in the Early Proterozoic Mojave crustal provine of southeastern California at 1.42 Ga. All rocks, even the most mafic, are highly enriched in incompatible elements (e.g. K<sub>2</sub>O 4–12 wt%, Rb 170–370 ppm, Th 12–120 ppm, La 350–1500xchondrite, La/Yb<sub>n</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>35–100). Elemental compositions require an incompatible element-rich but mafic (or ultramafic) source. Trace element models establish two plausible sources for Barrel Spring magmas: (1) LREE enriched garnet websterite with accessory apatite±rutile (enriched lithospheric mantle), and (2) garnet amphibolite or garnet-hornblende granulite with enriched alkali basalt composition, also with accessory apatite±rutile (mafic lower crust). Nd and Pb isotopic ratios do not distinguish a crust vs mantle source, but eliminate local Mojave province crust as the principal one, and indicate that generation of the enriched source occurred several hundred million years before emplacement of the Barrel Spring pluton. 1.40–1.44 Ga potassic granites are common in southeastern California, suggesting a genetic link between the Barrel Spring pluton and the granites; however, although the same thermal regime was probably responsible for producing both the granitic and syentic magmas, elemental and isotopic compositions preclude a close relationship. Isotopic similarity of the Barrel Spring pluton to 1.40–1.44 Ga granites emplaced in the Central Arizona crustal province to the east may imply that a common component was present in the lithosphere of these generally distinct regions.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01052868","usgsCitation":"Gleason, J.D., Miller, C.F., Wooden, J.L., and Bennett, V.C., 1994, Petrogenesis of the highly potassic 1.42 Ga Barrel Spring pluton, southeastern California, with implications for mid-Proterozoic magma genesis in the southwestern USA: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 118, p. 182-197, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01052868.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"197","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417082,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Barrel Spring Pluton, Piute Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.295285247082,\n              34.77793600800882\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.295285247082,\n              34.613420558610514\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.01002150783839,\n              34.613420558610514\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.01002150783839,\n              34.77793600800882\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.295285247082,\n              34.77793600800882\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carmichael, I. S. E.","contributorId":61558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872815,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gleason, James D.","contributorId":305461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gleason","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Calvin F.","contributorId":198642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, Victoria C.","contributorId":190637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186259,"text":"70186259 - 1994 - Triggered seismicity and deformation between the Landers, California, and Little Skull Mountain, Nevada, earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T11:12:46.156025","indexId":"70186259","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Triggered seismicity and deformation between the Landers, California, and Little Skull Mountain, Nevada, earthquakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>This article presents evidence for the channeling of strain energy released by the </span><i>M<sub>s</sub></i><span> = 7.4 Landers, California, earthquake within the eastern California shear zone (</span><span class=\"sc\">ECSZ</span><span>). We document an increase in seismicity levels during the 22-hr period starting with the Landers earthquake and culminating 22 hr later with the </span><i>M<sub>s</sub></i><span> = 5.4 Little Skull Mountain (</span><span class=\"sc\">LSM</span><span>), Nevada, earthquake. We evaluate the completeness of regional seismicity catalogs during this period and find that the continuity of post-Landers strain release within the </span><span class=\"sc\">ECSZ</span><span> is even more pronounced than is evident from the catalog data. We hypothesize that regional-scale connectivity of faults within the </span><span class=\"sc\">ECSZ</span><span> and </span><span class=\"sc\">LSM</span><span> region is a critical ingredient in the unprecedented scale and distribution of remotely triggered earthquakes and geodetically manifest strain changes that followed the Landers earthquake. The viability of static strain changes as triggering agents is tested using numerical models. Modeling results illustrate that regional-scale fault connectivity can increase the static strain changes by approximately an order of magnitude at distances of at least 280 km, the distance between the Landers and </span><span class=\"sc\">LSM</span><span> epicenters. This is possible for models that include both a network of connected faults that slip “sympathetically” and realistic levels of tectonic prestrain. Alternatively, if dynamic strains are a more significant triggering agent than static strains, </span><span class=\"sc\">ECSZ</span><span> structure may still be important in determining the distribution of triggered seismic and aseismic deformation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0840030835","usgsCitation":"Bodin, P., and Gomberg, J., 1994, Triggered seismicity and deformation between the Landers, California, and Little Skull Mountain, Nevada, earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, no. 3, p. 835-843, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0840030835.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"835","endPage":"843","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339033,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339032,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/84/3/835/102710/Triggered-seismicity-and-deformation-between-the"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Landers, Little Skull Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.48148758019548,\n              35.175884043309324\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.48148758019548,\n              33.55266747577443\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.32816726769562,\n              33.55266747577443\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.32816726769562,\n              35.175884043309324\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.48148758019548,\n              35.175884043309324\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.25731325331711,\n              36.84237299356687\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25731325331711,\n              36.70827842185419\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.07294893446968,\n              36.70827842185419\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.07294893446968,\n              36.84237299356687\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25731325331711,\n              36.84237299356687\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f90e4b09da67997ecee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodin, Paul","contributorId":104142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan","contributorId":77919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186725,"text":"70186725 - 1994 - Shear zones formed along long, straight traces of fault zones during the 28 June 1992 Landers, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-24T01:26:59.600239","indexId":"70186725","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear zones formed along long, straight traces of fault zones during the 28 June 1992 Landers, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surface rupturing during the 28 June 1992 Landers, California, earthquake, east of Los Angeles, accommodated right-lateral offsets up to about 6 m along segments of distinct, en-echelon fault zones with a total length of 80 km. The offsets were accommodated generally not by faults—distinct slip surfaces—but rather by </span><i>shear zones</i><span>, tabular bands of localized shearing. Along simple stretches of fault zones at Landers the rupture is characterized by telescoping of shear zones and intensification of shearing: broad shear zones of mild shearing, containing narrow shear zones of more intense shearing, containing even narrower shear zones of very intense shearing, which may contain a fault. Thus the ground ruptured across </span><i>broad belts</i><span> of shearing with clearly defined, subparallel walls, oriented NW. Each broad belt consists of a broad zone of mild shearing, extending across its entire width (50 to 200 m), and much narrower (a few meters wide) shear zones that accommodate most of the offset of the belt and are portrayed by en-echelon tension cracks. In response to right-lateral shearing, the slices of ground bounded by the tension cracks rotated in a clockwise sense, producing left-lateral shearing, and the slices were forced against the walls of the shear zone, producing thrusting. Even narrower shear zones formed within the narrow shear zones. Although these probably are guides to right-lateral fault segments below, the surface rupturing during the earthquake is characterized not by faulting, but by the formation of shear zones at various scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0840030499","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A.M., Fleming, R.W., and Cruikshank, K.M., 1994, Shear zones formed along long, straight traces of fault zones during the 28 June 1992 Landers, California, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, no. 3, p. 499-510, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0840030499.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"510","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a549e4b09da6799d63d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Arvid M.","contributorId":99547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Arvid","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, Robert W.","contributorId":102062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cruikshank, Kenneth M.","contributorId":190691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185390,"text":"70185390 - 1994 - Dating of shallow groundwater: Comparison of the transient tracers 3H/3He, chlorofluorocarbons, and 85Kr","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T08:09:24","indexId":"70185390","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Dating of shallow groundwater: Comparison of the transient tracers <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He, chlorofluorocarbons, and <sup>85</sup>Kr","title":"Dating of shallow groundwater: Comparison of the transient tracers 3H/3He, chlorofluorocarbons, and 85Kr","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper describes a direct comparison of apparent ages derived from&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He, chlorofluorocarbons (CCl</span><sub>3</sub><span>F and CCl</span><sub>2</sub><span>F</span><sub>2</sub><span>), and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>85</sup><span>Kr measurements in shallow groundwater. Wells chosen for this study are completed in the unconfined surficial aquifers in late Cenozoic Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments of the Delmarva Peninsula, on the east coast of the United States. Most of the apparent tracer ages agree within 2 years of each other for recharge dates between 1965 and 1990. Discrepancies in apparent tracer ages usually can be explained by hydrological processes such as mixing in a discharge area. Recharge rate calculations based on apparent tracer age gradients at multilevel well locations agree with previous recharge estimates. High recharge rates on the Delmarva Peninsula result in nearly complete dissolved-gas confinement in the groundwater. The remarkable agreement between the different tracer ages indicates negligible mixing of waters of different ages, insignificant dispersion, minimal gas loss to the atmosphere, and insignificant sorption-desorption processes at this location.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94WR00156","usgsCitation":"Ekwurzel, B., Schlosser, P., Smethie, W.M., Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Michel, R.L., Weppernig, R., and Stute, M., 1994, Dating of shallow groundwater: Comparison of the transient tracers 3H/3He, chlorofluorocarbons, and 85Kr: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1693-1708, https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR00156.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"1693","endPage":"1708","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b97e4b0236b68f82978","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ekwurzel, Brenda","contributorId":189618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ekwurzel","given":"Brenda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlosser, Peter","contributorId":50936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smethie, William M. Jr.","contributorId":189619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smethie","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weppernig, Ralf","contributorId":189620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weppernig","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stute, Martin","contributorId":131127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stute","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7254,"text":"Columbia University - Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70209215,"text":"70209215 - 1994 - Earthquake refraction profiles of the root of the Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-25T13:02:06","indexId":"70209215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-05-24T08:26:28","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake refraction profiles of the root of the Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>We examine the seismic structure of the Sierra Nevada using records of nine earthquakes and one explosion in and near the Sierra, recorded on stations in the Sierra. We first interpret travel times from these paths, which are confined to a single tectonic block, in terms of one‐dimensional structures. The most nearly reversed pair of earthquakes, the 1966 Truckee and 1983 Durrwood Meadows earthquakes, share refracted (<i>P<sub>n</sub></i>) arrival times (corrected to surface focus) along a line<span>&nbsp;</span><i>t</i>=8.75±0.25+Δ/8.0, suggesting that a nearly flat layer of 8.0 km/s mantle material lies at depths of 46–48 km. First arrivals from these events do not constrain velocities from ≈30 to 45 km depth. Secondary arrivals and some first arrivals from other earthquakes suggest that velocities in part of this region range between 6.9 and 7.8 km/s. The presence of this “7.x‐km/s” layer can help to explain previous contradictory observations. The 7.x‐km/s layer could be interpreted as either the mafic bottom of a silicic, Mesozoic magmatic arc or as accreted mafic underplating or rejuvenated mantle related to Cenozoic arc volcanism or Basin and Range spreading. Arrivals at stations in the foothills and the crest of the Sierra cannot be fit with a single longitudinal structure, indicating a lateral variation of velocity structure. These variations support previously inferred variations of lithospheric structure, with higher‐velocity, thinner crust to the west beneath the Sierran foothills and slower‐velocity crust (or possibly upper mantle) beneath the high mountains in the eastern Sierra. Rapid changes in arrival times between stations separated by short distances in the eastern Sierra suggest that a sharp boundary exists between the Sierra and the Basin and Range at Moho depths. We also present fresh evidence of the asymmetry of the root of the Sierra, wherein arrivals from earthquakes on the west of the Sierra are delayed within the Sierra and return to original values in the Basin and Range, while arrivals from earthquakes and explosions from the Sierra into the Great Valley. We suggest that if the 7.x‐km/s material occurs in a wedge above the Moho, then the asymmetry can be explained by arrivals from the west being delayed by the dipping 8.0‐km/s Moho, while those from the east may be entering the root along a 7.x‐km/s layer that is near the depth of the Basin and Range Moho.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/93TC03488","usgsCitation":"Savage, M.K., Li, L., Eaton, J.P., Jones, C.H., and Brune, J.N., 1994, Earthquake refraction profiles of the root of the Sierra Nevada: Tectonics, v. 13, no. 4, p. 803-817, https://doi.org/10.1029/93TC03488.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"803","endPage":"817","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"Manchester","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.58554077148438,\n              42.88451779606897\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.290283203125,\n              42.88451779606897\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.290283203125,\n              43.072900581493215\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.58554077148438,\n              43.072900581493215\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.58554077148438,\n              42.88451779606897\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, Martha K.","contributorId":82199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Li","contributorId":223599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eaton, Jerry P.","contributorId":22341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Craig H.","contributorId":223577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brune, James N.","contributorId":76304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brune","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187322,"text":"70187322 - 1994 - The volcanic, sedimentologic, and paleolimnologic history of the Crater Lake caldera floor, Oregon:Evidence for small caldera evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T11:50:43","indexId":"70187322","displayToPublicDate":"1994-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5355,"text":"Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The volcanic, sedimentologic, and paleolimnologic history of the Crater Lake caldera floor, Oregon:Evidence for small caldera evolution","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">Apparent phreatic explosion craters, caldera-floor volcanic cones, and geothermal features outline a ring fracture zone along which Mount Mazama collapsed to form the Crater Lake caldera during its climactic eruption about 6,850 yr B.P. Within a few years, subaerial deposits infilled the phreatic craters and then formed a thick wedge (10-20 m) of mass flow deposits shed from caldera walls. Intense volcanic activity (phreatic explosions, subaerial flows, and hydrothermal venting) occurred during this early postcaldera stage, and a central platform of subaerial andesite flows and scoria formed on the caldera floor.</p><p id=\"p-2\">Radiocarbon ages suggest that deposition of Iacustrine hemipelagic sediment began on the central platform about 150 yr after the caldera collapse. This is the minimum time to fill the lake halfway with water and cover the platform assuming present hydrologic conditions of precipitation and evaporation but with negligible leakage of lake water. Wizard Island formed during the final part of the 300-yr lake-filling period as shown by its (1) upper subaerial lava flows from 0 to -70 m below present water level and lower subaqueous lava flows from -70 to -500 m and by (2) lacustrine turbidite sand derived from Wizard Island that was deposited on the central platform about 350 yr after the caldera collapse. Pollen stratigraphy indicates that the warm and dry climate of middle Holocene time correlates with the early lake deposits. Diatom stratigraphy also suggests a more thermally stratified and phosphate-rich environment associated respectively with this climate and greater hydrothermal activity during the early lake history.</p><p id=\"p-3\">Apparent coarse-grained and thick-bedded turbidites of the early lake beds were deposited throughout northwest, southwest, and eastern basins during the time that volcanic and seismic activity formed the subaqueous Wizard Island, Merriam Cone, and rhyodacite dome. The last known postcaldera volcanic activity produced a subaqueous rhyodacite ash bed and dome about 4,240 yr B.P. The late lake beds with base-of-slope aprons and thin, fine-grained basin-plain turbidites were deposited during the volcanically quiescent period of the past 4,000 yr.</p><p id=\"p-4\">Deposits in Crater Lake and on similar caldera floors suggest that four stages characterize the postcaldera evolution of smaller (≤10 km in diameter) terrestrial caldera lake floors: (1) initial-stage caldera collapse forms the ring fracture zone that controls location of the main volcanic eruptive centers and sedimentary basin depocenters on the caldera floor; (2) early-stage subaerial sedimentation rapidly fills ring-fracture depressions and constructs basin-floor debris fans from calderawall landslides; (3) first-stage subaqueous sedimentation deposits thick flat-lying lake turbidites throughout basins, while a thin blanket of hemipelagic sediment covers volcanic edifices that continue to form concurrently with lake sedimentation; and (4) second-stage subaqueous sedimentation after the waning of major volcanic activity and the earlier periods of most rapid sedimentation develops small sili-ciclastic basin base-of-slope turbidite aprons and central basin plains. Renewed volcanic activity or lake destruction could cause part or all of the cycle to repeat.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0684:TVSAPH>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Nelson, C.H., Bacon, C.R., Robinson, S.W., Adam, D.P., Bradbury, J.P., Barber, J.H., Schwartz, D., and Vagenas, G., 1994, The volcanic, sedimentologic, and paleolimnologic history of the Crater Lake caldera floor, Oregon:Evidence for small caldera evolution: Bulletin, v. 106, no. 5, p. 684-704, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0684:TVSAPH>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"21 p. ","startPage":"684","endPage":"704","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","volume":"106","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030339e4b0e862d230f7ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, C. Hans","contributorId":191503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hans","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Stephen W.","contributorId":191504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adam, David P.","contributorId":36132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradbury, J. Platt","contributorId":91106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Platt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barber, John H. Jr.","contributorId":102821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwartz, Deborah","contributorId":191505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Deborah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vagenas, Ginger","contributorId":191506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vagenas","given":"Ginger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70017100,"text":"70017100 - 1994 - A seismotectonic model for the 300-kilometer-long eastern Tennessee seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T16:17:20.804318","indexId":"70017100","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A seismotectonic model for the 300-kilometer-long eastern Tennessee seismic zone","docAbstract":"Ten years of monitoring microearthquakes with a regional seismic network has revealed the presence of a well-defined, linear zone of seismic activity in eastern Tennessee. This zone produced the second highest release of seismic strain energy in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains during the last decade, when normalized by crustal area. The data indicate that seismicity produced by regional, intraplate stresses is now concentrating near the boundary between relatively strong and weak basement crustal blocks.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.264.5159.686","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Powell, C., Bollinger, G.A., Chapman, M., Sibol, M., Johnston, A.C., and Wheeler, R.L., 1994, A seismotectonic model for the 300-kilometer-long eastern Tennessee seismic zone: Science, v. 264, no. 5159, p. 686-688, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5159.686.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"686","endPage":"688","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"eastern Tennessee seismic zone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.73820949512532,\n              36.60949394249076\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.73820949512532,\n              34.99557700022865\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.25328143551613,\n              34.95070764786888\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.60653070442041,\n              36.31756723501552\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.70635661015046,\n              36.60949394249076\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.73820949512532,\n              36.60949394249076\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"264","issue":"5159","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e581e4b0c8380cd46da0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, C.A.","contributorId":36687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bollinger, G. A.","contributorId":55809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapman, M.C.","contributorId":13727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sibol, M.S.","contributorId":36688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibol","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnston, A. C.","contributorId":85574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wheeler, R. L.","contributorId":34916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70186457,"text":"70186457 - 1994 - Conflicting tectonics? Contraction and extension at middle and upper crustal levels along the Cordilleran Late Jurassic arc, southeastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T17:11:52.743956","indexId":"70186457","displayToPublicDate":"1994-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conflicting tectonics? Contraction and extension at middle and upper crustal levels along the Cordilleran Late Jurassic arc, southeastern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effects of mid-Mesozoic contraction followed closely in time by extension are present in mid- to upper-crustal plutonic rocks in the Chuckwalla Mountains of the eastern Transverse Ranges, California. Late Jurassic movement along a steeply dipping, right-lateral mylonitic shear zone is bracketed between 159 and 147 Ma via U-Pb dated plutons. Depth of emplacement vs. time data based on hornblende geobarometry and U-Pb geochronology of Mesozoic plutons indicate that a period of dramatic uplift affected the Chuckwalla Mountains during the Late Jurassic, contrasting sharply with data from the (then) nearby San Gabriel Mountains. Subsequent latest Jurassic extensional tectonics is suggested by alkalic plutonism, nearly synchronous intrusion of the Late Jurassic Independence dike swarm, and possibly by deposition of the McCoy Mountains Formation. We conclude that both contraction and extension were significant at upper- and mid-crustal depths in the Chuckwalla Mountains region during the Late Jurassic, and speculate that the combined influence of oblique convergence and the opening of the Gulf of Mexico may have caused the contrasting and nearly contemporaneous tectonic modes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0247:CTCAEA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Davis, M.J., Farber, D.L., Wooden, J.L., and Anderson, J.L., 1994, Conflicting tectonics? Contraction and extension at middle and upper crustal levels along the Cordilleran Late Jurassic arc, southeastern California: Geology, v. 22, no. 3, p. 247-250, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0247:CTCAEA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"250","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Chuckwalla and Little Chuckwalla Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116,\n              33.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.5,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.5,\n              33.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              33.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b4e4b09da6799977b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Mark J.","contributorId":190487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farber, Daniel L.","contributorId":190488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farber","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, Joe L.","contributorId":22210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, J. Lawford","contributorId":7275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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