The accuracy and traceability of geochronometers are of vital importance to questions asked by many Earth scientists. The widely applied 40Ar/39Ar geochronometer relies on the co-irradiation of samples with neutron fluence monitors (reference materials) of known ages; the ages and uncertainties of these monitors are critical to our ability to apply this chronometer. Previously, first principles, astronomical and optimisation calibrations have been made. The first principles method for determining the age of monitor minerals is the K-Ar method, which involves measurement of their 40K and 40Ar* abundances. The AQuA (Absolute Quantities of Argon) pipette system, which emits calibrated quantities of 40Ar* via the ideal gas law, was used to calibrate the sensitivity of the system across a range of source pressures and estimate 40Ar* abundances in neutron fluence monitors. These 40Ar abundances were combined with existing 40K abundance data for these monitors. Ages for HD-B1 and MD2 (GA1550) biotite fluence monitors were calculated and combined with intercalibration data for HD-B1 and Fish Canyon sanidine (FCs) to determine ages for FCs. Current results do not have the targeted accuracy when compared with previous calibrations; however, we show how the extensive methodology development presented here can be used towards making reliable future measurements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ggr.12464","usgsCitation":"Morgan, L.E., Davidheiser-Kroll, B., Kuiper, K.F., Mark, D.F., McLean, N.M., and Wijbrans, J., 2023, First principles calibration of 40Ar abundances in 40Ar/39Ar mineral neutron fluence monitors: Methodology and preliminary results: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 47, no. 1, p. 91-104, https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12464.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"104","ipdsId":"IP-134452","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12464","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":410541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, Leah E. 0000-0001-9930-524X lemorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-524X","contributorId":176174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Leah","email":"lemorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidheiser-Kroll, Brett","contributorId":176175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davidheiser-Kroll","given":"Brett","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":859091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuiper, Klaudia F. 0000-0001-6345-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-5019","contributorId":229575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuiper","given":"Klaudia","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":41675,"text":"Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mark, Darren F. 0000-0002-0707-9773","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0707-9773","contributorId":229571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mark","given":"Darren","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":41672,"text":"Isotope Geoscience Unit, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McLean, Noah M. 0000-0003-0388-1862","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0388-1862","contributorId":299948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLean","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6773,"text":"University of Kansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wijbrans, Jan 0000-0002-8091-1239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8091-1239","contributorId":229585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wijbrans","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41681,"text":"Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70238717,"text":"70238717 - 2023 - Dynamic estimates of geologic CO2 storage resources in the Illinois Basin constrained by reinjectivity of brine extracted for pressure management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T14:43:24.80581","indexId":"70238717","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-07T07:10:27","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5800,"text":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Dynamic estimates of geologic CO2 storage resources in the Illinois Basin constrained by reinjectivity of brine extracted for pressure management","title":"Dynamic estimates of geologic CO2 storage resources in the Illinois Basin constrained by reinjectivity of brine extracted for pressure management","docAbstract":"Geologic carbon storage (GCS) is likely to be an important part of global efforts to decarbonize the energy industry. Widespread deployment of GCS relies on strategies to maximize CO2 injection rates while minimizing reservoir pressurization that could induce seismicity and/or fluid leakage into groundwater resources. Brine extraction from CO2 storage formations with subsurface reinjection elsewhere could mitigate pressure buildup associated with GCS. Therefore, evaluation of CO2 storage resources should consider the injectivity of produced brine in geologic layers above or below the CO2 storage formation. For this study, a methodology was developed to estimate brine injectivity from formation depth and thickness using flow modeling and optimization techniques. The methodology was demonstrated in the Illinois Basin, where GCS in the Mt. Simon Sandstone is ongoing. Based on pressure constraints and considering only regions of the shallower units where salinity and sealing conditions were met, maximum brine injection rates were estimated within the Mt. Simon and three overlying hydrostratigraphic layers. Results indicate that a large area exists where CO2 injectivity could be optimized by brine extraction and reinjection.
Large-scale, climate-induced synchrony in the productivity of fish populations is becoming more pronounced in the world's oceans. As synchrony increases, a population's “portfolio” of responses can be diminished, in turn reducing its resilience to strong perturbation. Here we argue that the costs and benefits of trait synchronization, such as the expression of growth rate, are context dependent. Contrary to prevailing views, synchrony among individuals could actually be beneficial for populations if growth synchrony increases during favorable conditions, and then declines under poor conditions when a broader portfolio of responses could be useful. Importantly, growth synchrony among individuals within populations has seldom been measured, despite well-documented evidence of synchrony across populations. Here, we used century-scale time series of annual otolith growth to test for changes in growth synchronization among individuals within multiple populations of a marine keystone species (Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua). On the basis of 74,662 annual growth increments recorded in 13,749 otoliths, we detected a rising conformity in long-term growth rates within five northeast Atlantic cod populations in response to both favorable growth conditions and a large-scale, multidecadal mode of climate variability similar to the East Atlantic Pattern. The within-population synchrony was distinct from the across-population synchrony commonly reported for large-scale environmental drivers. Climate-linked, among-individual growth synchrony was also identified in other Northeast Atlantic pelagic, deep-sea and bivalve species. We hypothesize that growth synchrony in good years and growth asynchrony in poorer years reflects adaptive trait optimization and bet hedging, respectively, that could confer an unexpected, but pervasive and stabilizing, impact on marine population productivity in response to large-scale environmental change.
Stock assessment modeling provides a means to estimate the population dynamics of invasive fishes and may do so despite data limitations. Blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) were introduced to the Chesapeake Bay watershed to support recreational fisheries but also consume species of conservation need and economic importance. To assess management tradeoffs, managers need to understand the current status of the population and anticipate future population abundance and trends. A Bayesian size-based stock assessment model was used to estimate blue catfish abundance, fishing mortality, and size structure over time (2001–2016) in the tidal James River. The model estimated population size increases until around 2006, with declines in total abundance after 2011 and large blue catfish (≥80 cm total length) after 2001. These first estimates of blue catfish population dynamics in the Chesapeake Bay region provide inputs for projection models to evaluate prospective management actions and identify monitoring needs.
Mass capture of flightless geese during the summer is a common trapping technique to obtain large numbers of individuals for research and marking, but few studies have assessed the impacts of this method on the survival of after-hatch-year geese. We evaluated the effects of holding time and captured flock size on the survival of >26,000 subadult (second yr) and adult (≥third yr) greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) banded in Alaska, USA, 1999–2017. We constructed models with and without capture effects to analyze our band-recovery data and used Akaike's Information Criterion to rank our model set. Models that included both capture-related variables ranked highest. Longer individual holding times negatively affected survival during the first year after banding, and effects were greatest during the earliest years of our study when holding times were generally longer and protocols to minimize negative capture effects were less refined. There was a positive relationship between survival and captured flock size. We suggest practitioners reduce holding times of geese during mass captures to the extent practicable and continually evaluate and refine their methods to minimize negative capture effects.
Urban ammonia (NH3) emissions contribute to poor local air quality and can be transported to rural landscapes, impacting sensitive ecosystems. The Colorado Front Range urban corridor encompasses the Denver Metropolitan Area, rural farmland/rangeland and montane forest between the city and the Rocky Mountains. Reactive nitrogen emissions from the corridor are partly responsible for increased N deposition to the wildland-urban interface (WUI) in this region. To determine the significance of individual NH3 sources to WUI ecosystems, we measured the concentration and isotopic composition (δ15N–NH3) of ambient NH3(g) from April to October 2018 across a five-site urban to rural gradient in the corridor. The urban sites had higher NH3 concentrations and δ15N–NH3 values than the rural/suburban sites. Based on isotope mixing models, NH3 emission source contributions for all sites were fertilizer (12 ± 5.7%), livestock waste (18 ± 12%), vehicles (37 ± 23%), and biomass burning (34 ± 20%). Vehicle contributions were consistent across all months with an average of 35% and summer months showed a peak in biomass burning contributions (40%). As wildfires are projected to increase due to climate change, we stress a need for constraints on the isotopic signature of NH3 emitted from wildfires. Vehicle emissions contributed the greatest amount of NH3 (40%) at the urban sites while rural/suburban sites had higher agricultural contributions (41%). Had 2018 not had an anomalously high wildfire season, 46% and 60% of the NH3 would have been attributed to vehicle emissions at the WUI site and urban sites, respectively. NH3 emissions have historically been ascribed to agricultural activities but these findings illustrate the universal significance of vehicle emissions and the potential for sustained wildfire activity to be a primary contributor to NH3. Air quality (e.g., particulate matter) and nitrogen deposition reduction plans may benefit by including management practices that address vehicle NH3 emissions.
Phragmites australis subsp. australis is an invasive and ecologically detrimental plant in multiple regions of North America. Its co-occurrence with the native subspecies, and multiple instances of hybridization, has created the need to differentiate Phragmites subspecies or haplotypes so that management can be appropriately targeted to the invader. We compiled a review of current genetic discrimination methods among the three Phragmites subspecies inhabiting the United States and Canada, and discussed how each method can contribute to control of the introduced subspecies while preserving the two endemic subspecies. We also discussed various control tools and the implications of Phragmites genetics for implementation. The Phragmites subspecies endemic to North America have environmental or infrastructure significance (e.g., habitat sustainability, biodiversity, storm surge and erosion protection). Thus, faster and more accurate differentiation among the endemic and introduced subspecies is needed. Additionally, more in-depth genetic information on Phragmites subspecies could support better management decisions, as well as the development of improved control treatments. This review highlights technologies and approaches currently available for genetic identification, recently collected genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic information, and implications for biological control and herbicide treatments.
Habitat suitability is a consequence of interacting environmental factors. In riparian ecosystems, suitable plant habitat is influenced by interactions between stream hydrology and climate, hereafter referred to as “hydroclimate”. We tested the hypothesis that hydroclimate variables would improve the fit of ecological niche models for a suite of riparian species using occurrence data from the western United States. We focus on the climate conditions (temperature, precipitation and vapor pressure deficit) during the months of lowest and highest streamflow as integrative hydroclimate metrics of resource and stress levels. We found that the inclusion of hydroclimate variables improved model fit for all species in the western USA dataset. We then tested the utility of the improved habitat suitability models by projecting them onto a regulated segment of the Colorado River to assess potential impacts of streamflow seasonality on vegetation metrics of management concern. Species frequency derived from independent survey data in the Colorado River segment was significantly higher for species with predicted suitable habitat than for species without predicted suitable habitat. Under different simulated hydrographs for the Colorado River, overall species richness was predicted to be greatest with peak streamflows during summer, and native-to-non-native species ratios were predicted to be greatest with lowest streamflows in winter. Summer high flows were particularly associated with higher predicted habitat suitability for species that have increased in cover over recent decades (e.g., Pluchea sericea, Baccharis species). We conclude that hydroclimate covariates can be useful tools for predicting how riparian vegetation communities respond to changes in the seasonal timing of low and high streamflows.
Two radioactive elements, uranium (U) and radon (Rn), which are of potential concern in New Hampshire (NH) groundwater, are investigated. Exceedance probability maps are tools to highlight locations where the concentrations of undesirable substances in the groundwater may be elevated. Two forms of statistical analysis are used to create exceedance probability maps for U and Rn in NH groundwater. The first, Boosted Regression Tree (BRT), was selected for estimating U exceedance values. It computes exceedance values directly using the Bernoulli distribution function. The second method of statistical analysis used for Rn to determine exceedance probabilities is ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. In the process of determining exceedance probabilities for U and Rn, the utility of a new dataset is investigated. That new predictor dataset is the Multi-Order Hydrologic Position (MOHP) dataset. MOHP raster datasets have been produced nationally for the conterminous United States at a 30-m resolution. The concept behind MOHP is that, for any given point on the earth's surface, there is the potential for a longer groundwater flow path as one goes deeper beneath the land surface. MOHP predictors were tested in both models. Three MOHP predictors were found useful in the BRT model and two in the OLS model. MOHP data were found useful as predictors along with other site characteristics in predicting U and Rn exceedance probabilities in New Hampshire groundwater.
Plant element stoichiometry and stoichiometric flexibility strongly regulate ecosystem responses to global change. Here, we tested three potential mechanistic drivers (climate, soil nutrients, and plant taxonomy) of both using paired foliar and soil nutrient data from terrestrial forested National Ecological Observatory Network sites across the USA. We found that broad patterns of foliar nitrogen (N) and foliar phosphorus (P) are explained by different mechanisms. Plant taxonomy was an important control over all foliar nutrient stoichiometries and concentrations, especially foliar N, which was dominantly related to taxonomy and did not vary across climate or soil gradients. Despite a lack of site-level correlations between N and environment variables, foliar N exhibited intraspecific flexibility, with numerous species-specific correlations between foliar N and various environmental factors, demonstrating the variable spatial and temporal scales on which foliar chemistry and stoichiometric flexibility can manifest. In addition to plant taxonomy, foliar P and N:P ratios were also linked to soil nutrient status (extractable P) and climate, especially actual evapotranspiration rates. Our findings highlight the myriad factors that influence foliar chemistry and show that broad patterns cannot be explained by a single consistent mechanism. Furthermore, differing controls over foliar N versus P suggests that each may be sensitive to global change drivers on distinct spatial and temporal scales, potentially resulting in altered ecosystem N:P ratios that have implications for processes ranging from productivity to carbon sequestration.
Climate change is amplifying the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of desert rangeland forages through its impact on precipitation variability. Foraging behavior plasticity (an animal's ability to alter its behavior to cope with environmental variation) could be a key trait for climate adaptation of beef cattle in arid environments. We analyzed GPS-derived movement and activity data of Criollo and commercial beef cattle from eight studies conducted at sites in North and South America to determine whether seasonal and year-to-year behavior plasticity varied significantly between breeds. We calculated dormant/brown season or driest year percent change in foraging behavior relative to growing/green season or wettest year. Compared to commercial beef breeds, Criollo cattle exhibited significantly greater seasonal adjustment in daily distance traveled (20% increase vs. 2% decrease, P ≤ 0.02) and daily grazing effort (25% vs. 1.5% increase, P = 0.01) during the dormant/brown vs. growing/green season. Increase in daily area explored during the dormant/brown season was almost three times greater in Criollo vs. commercial beef cattle (P = 0.09). Seasonal adjustment in daily time spent grazing was similar for Criollo and commercial beef breeds. Increase in daily area explored during the dormant/brown season of dry vs. wet years was three times greater for Criollo vs. commercial beef breeds (P = 0.03). Criollo cattle tended (P = 0.09) to exhibit greater behavior adjustment than commercial beef counterparts in daily distance traveled during the dormant/brown season of dry vs. wet years (22% vs. 4% increase, respectively). No breed differences in adjustment of time spent grazing (P = 0.36) or grazing effort (P = 0.20) during dormant/brown season of dry vs. wet years were observed. Dry vs. wet year grazing behavior adjustments during the growing/green season were similar for both breeds. Grazing behavior plasticity observed in Criollo cows could be a critical trait for desert beef herds in the face of increasingly variable rainfall patterns occurring as a result of climate change.
As we advance into the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, understanding the relationship between science, management, and policy is increasingly important given the paucity of research evaluating the ability of existing policy to address contemporary environmental challenges. Despite their inherent interdependence, restoration ecology as a scientific discipline, ecological restoration as a practice, and the policies driving restoration efforts do not always represent a unified force. Accenting the policies and practices within the United States, we present our perspective on challenges associated with this disunion, including those linked to social dimensions of restoration and limitations associated with existing policy. We provide a review of existing federal policy in the United States and synthesize suggestions that have emerged in the literature to fortify connections between restoration science and policy. We also describe social challenges to meeting restoration goals, including barriers surrounding power dynamics, trust, and communication, as well as divergent incentives, perspectives, and values. We propose potential solutions that exist in transdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge sharing, and evidence-based, balanced decision-making that equally considers varying perspectives. With the understanding that current conservation practices are not enough to mitigate environmental degradation, we focus on streamlining problem-solving strategies to support restoration and face the widespread ecological issues of today.
Seasonal movements cued by environmental variables are a critical component of riverine fish life history. Life-history events for species such as blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus are likely cued by discharge and temperature and may be disrupted if those life-history events and environmental regimes are mismatched. However, this effect may be dependent upon the habitat occupied when environmental cues are received by individuals. We tracked telemetered blue sucker in the Colorado River, Texas, USA, from 2015 to 2017 and modelled the relative effects of discharge, temperature and habitat structure on seasonal movement patterns. Tagged fish varied in their propensity to move, although most returned to their original tagging locations. Decreasing temperatures and increasing discharge resulted in increased seasonal movements. Temperature and discharge had the largest effect on movement behaviour, but the magnitude of movements was largely dependent on the year. Temperatures between 12 and 19°C and discharges between 10 and 240 m3s−1 resulted in greater probabilities of spawning movements. Spawning was most probable in 2015 and reduced or halted in 2016 and 2017. Future climate scenarios suggest North America will experience increased drought, warmer temperatures and more variable weather patterns. These future scenarios could negatively impact blue sucker by disrupting environmental cues and habitat availability for seasonal life-history events. Our results suggest temperature and discharge are critical cues for the species, but that their combined effect is largely dependent on the occupied habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12687","usgsCitation":"Acre, M.R., Grabowski, T.B., Leavitt, D.J., Smith, N.G., Pease, A.A., Bean, P.T., and Geeslin, D., 2023, Mismatch between temperature and discharge disrupts spawning cues in a fluvial specialist, blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 32, no. 2, p. 305-321, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12687.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"321","ipdsId":"IP-112567","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.75,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 29.4\n ],\n [\n -96.25,\n 29.4\n ],\n [\n -96.25,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -97.75,\n 30.4\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Acre, Matthew Ross 0000-0002-5417-9523","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-9523","contributorId":268034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acre","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"Ross","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavitt, Daniel J.","contributorId":338057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leavitt","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":81077,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Nathan G.","contributorId":268036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":55541,"text":"Heart of the Hills Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pease, Allison A.","contributorId":201493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pease","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":928174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bean, Preston T.","contributorId":172956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bean","given":"Preston","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":928175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geeslin, Dakus","contributorId":301932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geeslin","given":"Dakus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62404,"text":"Texas Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70240254,"text":"70240254 - 2023 - Mismatch between temperature and discharge disrupts spawning cues in a fluvial specialist, blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T15:07:22.606179","indexId":"70240254","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-31T09:07:45","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mismatch between temperature and discharge disrupts spawning cues in a fluvial specialist, blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus","title":"Mismatch between temperature and discharge disrupts spawning cues in a fluvial specialist, blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus","docAbstract":"Seasonal movements cued by environmental variables are a critical component of riverine fish life history. Life-history events for species such as blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus are likely cued by discharge and temperature and may be disrupted if those life-history events and environmental regimes are mismatched. However, this effect may be dependent upon the habitat occupied when environmental cues are received by individuals. We tracked telemetered blue sucker in the Colorado River, Texas, USA, from 2015 to 2017 and modelled the relative effects of discharge, temperature and habitat structure on seasonal movement patterns. Tagged fish varied in their propensity to move, although most returned to their original tagging locations. Decreasing temperatures and increasing discharge resulted in increased seasonal movements. Temperature and discharge had the largest effect on movement behaviour, but the magnitude of movements was largely dependent on the year. Temperatures between 12 and 19°C and discharges between 10 and 240 m3s−1 resulted in greater probabilities of spawning movements. Spawning was most probable in 2015 and reduced or halted in 2016 and 2017. Future climate scenarios suggest North America will experience increased drought, warmer temperatures and more variable weather patterns. These future scenarios could negatively impact blue sucker by disrupting environmental cues and habitat availability for seasonal life-history events. Our results suggest temperature and discharge are critical cues for the species, but that their combined effect is largely dependent on the occupied habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12687","usgsCitation":"Acre, M.R., Grabowski, T.B., Leavitt, D., Smith, N.G., Pease, A.A., Bean, P.T., and Geeslin, D., 2023, Mismatch between temperature and discharge disrupts spawning cues in a fluvial specialist, blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 32, no. 2, p. 305-321, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12687.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"321","ipdsId":"IP-137756","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"lower Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.86373123082404,\n 30.561041444362274\n ],\n [\n -97.86373123082404,\n 28.5\n ],\n [\n -95.2430023882664,\n 28.5\n ],\n [\n -95.2430023882664,\n 30.561041444362274\n ],\n [\n -97.86373123082404,\n 30.561041444362274\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Acre, Matthew Ross 0000-0002-5417-9523","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-9523","contributorId":268034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acre","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"Ross","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavitt, Daniel J.","contributorId":268035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leavitt","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[{"id":55540,"text":"Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Nathan G.","contributorId":268036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":55541,"text":"Heart of the Hills Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pease, Allison A.","contributorId":201493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pease","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bean, Preston T.","contributorId":172956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bean","given":"Preston","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geeslin, Dakus","contributorId":301932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geeslin","given":"Dakus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62404,"text":"Texas Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70255014,"text":"70255014 - 2023 - The development of genetic sex identification markers and evidence of a male heterogametic sex determination system in Red Shiner","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-11T15:44:41.791954","indexId":"70255014","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-30T10:38:55","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The development of genetic sex identification markers and evidence of a male heterogametic sex determination system in Red Shiner","docAbstract":"The Red Shiner Cyprinella lutrensis is of increasing management interest as an invasive species that negatively impacts many native fishes throughout North America. Trojan sex chromosome (TSC)-carrying individuals could theoretically control invasive fish populations by skewing the sex ratio to 100% male. The efficacy of TSC-based control programs requires an understanding of a population's sex determination system, yet such information is lacking for Red Shiner. We used single-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing to discover sex-linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and we conducted a series of breeding experiments to uncover the sex determination system. All candidate sex-linked SNPs that fit our selection criteria exhibited a pattern of male heterogamety. We developed two sex-identification (sex-ID) marker assays, XY_248 and XY_170, which showed phenotype–genotype concordance scores of 77.00% and 84.35%, respectively. These sex-ID markers exhibited relatively high phenotype–genotype concordance in females (XY_248 = 96.30%; XY_170 = 98.61%), which allowed for selective breeding of phenotypically feminized genetic males. We observed a 3:1 male : female sex ratio in spawns from feminized males crossed with wild-type males, indicative of a male heterogametic sex determination system (i.e., XY male/XX female). The discovery of a male heterogametic sex determination system, in combination with our two markers, increases the likelihood of developing an effective TSC eradication strategy for invasive Red Shiner populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/naaq.10274","usgsCitation":"Teal, C.N., Coykendall, D., Campbell, M., Delomas, T.A., Eardley, D.L., Erwin, J., Schill, D., Bauder, J.M., Bonar, S.A., and Culver, M., 2023, The development of genetic sex identification markers and evidence of a male heterogametic sex determination system in Red Shiner: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 85, no. 1, p. 74-86, https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10274.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"86","ipdsId":"IP-144022","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teal, Chad N.","contributorId":338260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teal","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coykendall, D. Katharine","contributorId":338261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coykendall","given":"D. Katharine","affiliations":[{"id":20304,"text":"Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Matthew R.","contributorId":338262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Matthew R.","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delomas, Thomas A.","contributorId":338264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delomas","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eardley, Daniel L.","contributorId":338266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eardley","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":20304,"text":"Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erwin, John A.","contributorId":338270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erwin","given":"John A.","affiliations":[{"id":81073,"text":"Florida International University College of Law","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schill, Daniel J.","contributorId":338273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schill","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[{"id":61802,"text":"Fisheries Management Solutions","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bauder, Javan Mathias 0000-0002-2055-5324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-5324","contributorId":337814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauder","given":"Javan","email":"","middleInitial":"Mathias","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":197693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70238054,"text":"70238054 - 2023 - Modeled distribution shifts of North American birds over four decades based on suitable climate alone do not predict observed shifts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T12:49:09.1771","indexId":"70238054","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-30T06:45:51","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeled distribution shifts of North American birds over four decades based on suitable climate alone do not predict observed shifts","docAbstract":"As climate change alters the global environment, it is critical to understand the relationship between shifting climate suitability and species distributions. Key questions include whether observed changes in population abundance are aligned with the velocity and direction of shifts predicted by climate suitability models and if the responses are consistent among species with similar ecological traits. We examined the direction and velocity of the observed abundance-based distribution centroids compared with the model-predicted bioclimatic distribution centroids of 250 bird species across the United States from 1969 to 2011. We hypothesized that there is a significant positive correlation in both direction and velocity between the observed and the modeled shifts. We then tested five additional hypotheses that predicted differential shifting velocity based on ecological adaptability and climate change exposure. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found large differences between the observed and modeled shifts among all studied bird species and within specific ecological guilds. However, temperate migrants and habitat generalist species tended to have higher velocity of observed shifts than other species. Neotropical migratory and wetland birds also had significantly different observed velocities than their counterparts, which may be due to their climate change exposure. The velocity based on modeled bioclimatic suitability did not exhibit significant differences among most guilds. Boreal forest birds were the only guild with significantly faster modeled-shifts than the other groups, suggesting an elevated conservation risk for high latitude and altitude species. The highly idiosyncratic species responses to climate and the mismatch between shifts in modeled and observed distribution centroids highlight the challenge of predicting species distribution change based solely on climate suitability and the importance of non-climatic factors traits in shaping species distributions.
We produced a globally distributed catalog of earthquakes and nuclear explosions with calibrated hypocenters, referred to as the Global Catalog of Calibrated Earthquake Locations (GCCEL). This dataset currently contains 18,782 events in 289 clusters with >3.2 million arrival times observed at 19,258 stations. The term “calibrated” refers to the property that the hypocenters are minimally biased by unknown Earth structure. In addition, we calculate uncertainties using empirically determined variability of the arrival‐time data itself, specific to each calibrated cluster of hypocenters. Outliers in the arrival‐time dataset are removed based on measured variability of the data. In each cluster, we estimate the empirically determined uncertainty for each set of station‐phase arrival times. We use a version of the hypocentroidal decomposition multiple event relocation algorithm specifically adapted for calibrated relocations of clusters of seismic events. Most clusters are calibrated by fitting the subset of direct crustal first arrivals (Pg and Sg) with a locally appropriate travel‐time model to estimate the cluster hypocentroid. A few clusters are calibrated by aligning the pattern of relative locations in space and time with one or more events for which a ground‐truth hypocenter is available from an independent source with known uncertainty, such as a nuclear explosion. Epicentral uncertainties in GCCEL typically range from 1 to 5 km with a 90% confidence interval. Most events have depth constraint from one or more sources, usually with an uncertainty of ≤5 km. GCCEL is a significant resource for research at local, regional, and global scales because it provides minimally biased absolute hypocenters, meaningful associated error estimates, and curated arrival times as a reference dataset that can be used as prior constraints in the development of new regional, national, and global earthquake catalogs; validation of new location techniques; and the generation of advanced Earth models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220220217","usgsCitation":"Bergman, E.A., Benz, H.M., Yeck, W.L., Karasözen, E., Engdahl, E., Ghods, A., Hayes, G., and Earle, P.S., 2023, A global catalog of calibrated earthquake locations: Seismological Research Letters, v. 94, no. 1, p. 485-495, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220217.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"495","ipdsId":"IP-134306","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435566,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95R8K8G","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Global Catalog of Calibrated Earthquake Locations"},{"id":408855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergman, Eric A. 0000-0002-7069-8286","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-8286","contributorId":84513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":856034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yeck, William L. 0000-0002-2801-8873 wyeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-8873","contributorId":147558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeck","given":"William","email":"wyeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karasözen, Ezgi","contributorId":298619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karasözen","given":"Ezgi","affiliations":[{"id":64627,"text":"Alaska Earthquake Center, University of Alaska-Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engdahl, E. 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Given continued global warming and associated climate change, there is concern that droughts could become more severe and longer lasting. To better monitor and understand drought development and persistence, it is helpful to understand the development and climatic drivers of past droughts. In this study we use monthly runoff percentiles to identify five major drought events in the conterminous United States (CONUS) from 1901 through 2020. For each drought event we examined spatial patterns of departures of mean monthly precipitation, temperature, soil moisture storage, and runoff for 2,107 hydrologic units (HUs) across the CONUS. Results indicated that precipitation deficits have been the primary driver of past major-drought events and temperature a secondary driver, even of the most recent drought event (September 1999 through September 2015) when positive temperature anomalies occurred over most of the CONUS. Additionally, negative soil moisture storage departures were more negative than runoff departures during the five drought events we examined, which emphasizes the importance of measuring both runoff and soil moisture to monitor drought conditions. We also examined the use of statistical persistence to develop short-term (i.e., 1 month) forecasts of runoff drought conditions in the CONUS by developing autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for each HU. Results indicated that persistence can be used to predict short-term changes in the spatial pattern of drought and the areal extent of drought, but that predictions of runoff magnitude for any particular site are often poor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.7904","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., Wolock, D.M., Lombard, M.A., Dudley, R.W., Hammond, J.C., Hecht, J.S., Hodgkins, G.A., Olson, C.G., Sando, R., Simeone, C.E., and Wieczorek, M.E., 2023, A hydrologic perspective of major U.S. droughts: International Journal of Climatology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 1234-1250, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7904.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1234","endPage":"1250","ipdsId":"IP-140211","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n 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csimeone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-6452","contributorId":221126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simeone","given":"Caelan","email":"csimeone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wieczorek, Michael E. 0000-0003-3114-8369 mewieczo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-8369","contributorId":302956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Michael","email":"mewieczo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70254842,"text":"70254842 - 2023 - Geomorphology shapes relationships between animal communities and ecosystem function in large rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-12T00:05:24.430001","indexId":"70254842","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-25T19:04:10","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphology shapes relationships between animal communities and ecosystem function in large rivers","docAbstract":"Understanding how the Earth's surface (i.e. ‘nature's stage') influences connections between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) is a central objective in ecology. Despite recent calls to examine these connections at multiple trophic levels and at more complex and realistic scales, little is known about how landscape structure shapes BEF relationships among animal communities in nature. We coupled high-resolution habitat mapping with extensive field sampling to quantify connections among the geophysical habitat templet, invertebrate assemblages and secondary production in two large North American riverscapes. Patterns of sediment size governed invertebrate assemblage structure, with particularly strong effects on composition, richness and taxonomic and functional diversity. These relationships propagated to drive positive relationships between biodiversity and secondary production that were modified by scale, context-dependencies and anthropogenic modification. Finally, leveraging spatially-explicit descriptions of geophysical and biological properties, we uncovered distinct and nested spatial scales of biodiversity and secondary production, and suggest that multiple geophysical processes simultaneously influence these patterns at different scales. Together, our findings advance our understanding of relationships between the physical templet and patterns of BEF, and help to predict how perturbations to the Earth's surface may propagate to influence biodiversity and energy flux through food webs.
Uranium‑lead perovskite in situ geochronology has become a cornerstone technique for determining the emplacement timing of alkaline, ultrapotassic, and silica-undersaturated igneous rocks, kimberlites, and carbonatites. Accurate in situ dates are dependent on the availability of matrix matched mineral reference materials which themselves are chemically well characterized and dated accurately to the highest possible precision. When dating perovskite to high precision, such as by isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS), appropriately accounting and correcting for the quantity and isotopic composition of Pb incorporated into the crystal upon crystallization (Pbi) is a large source of uncertainty and potential inaccuracy. Unfortunately, although ultra-high precision perovskite dates are attainable with modern mass spectrometry techniques, the accuracy of applied Pbi compositions, which can be a considerable percentage of total Pb in a crystal, has not kept pace, resulting in percent level inaccuracy on precisely measured isotopic ratios.
In an effort to characterize the age and initial Pb isotopic composition of a readily available, relatively pure perovskite endmember (93–98%) which will be useful as a matrix matched age reference material for in situ U-Pb geochronology, we date crystals isolated from three samples from the Ice River Complex (samples 81IR6, I90.3, and I92.30) by ID-TIMS and evaluate their suitability as known-age reference materials. We directly determine the isotopic composition of Pbi in each sample by ID-TIMS measurement of cogenetic low 238U/204Pb (μ < 500) phlogopite, apatite, and/or clinopyroxene. Using these initial common Pb isotopic compositions, which are significantly more radiogenic than those predicted by age appropriate Pb evolution models, we obtain ultra-precise weighted-mean 206Pb/238U perovskite dates of 355.83 ± 0.14, 355.04 ± 0.15, and 357.34 ± 0.12 Ma on the three Ice River samples, respectively. These dates are consistent with the relative emplacement ages previously established for units in the Ice River layered ultramafic series based on field relationships. They also demonstrate the feasibility of attaining accurate perovskite dates in instances when maximum precision is critical by utilizing ID-TIMS analysis of cogenetic low uranium phases for direct measurement of Pbi.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elesvier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121187","usgsCitation":"Burgess, S.D., Heaman, L.M., and Bowring, S.A., 2023, High-precision ID-TIMS U-Pb geochronology of perovskite (CaTiO3) from the Ice River Complex, southeastern British Columbia: Chemical Geology, v. 616, 121187, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121187.","productDescription":"121187, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139900","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121187","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":412023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Ice River Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.34950948827608,\n 51.223598537476136\n ],\n [\n -116.35438310285049,\n 51.09829987106596\n ],\n [\n -116.17649617088217,\n 51.09829439916399\n ],\n [\n -116.1911170146057,\n 51.22360289128022\n ],\n [\n -116.34950948827608,\n 51.223598537476136\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"616","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burgess, Seth D. 0000-0002-4238-3797 sburgess@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-3797","contributorId":200371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"Seth","email":"sburgess@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heaman, Larry M 0000-0002-4456-9560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4456-9560","contributorId":301017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaman","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":36696,"text":"University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowring, Samuel A.","contributorId":271058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowring","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70256638,"text":"70256638 - 2023 - Thermal performance of the electron transport system Complex III in seven Alabama fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-28T11:11:28.275801","indexId":"70256638","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-25T06:08:43","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5473,"text":"JEZ-A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal performance of the electron transport system Complex III in seven Alabama fishes","docAbstract":"Management of fish populations for conservation in thermally variable systems requires an understanding of the fish's underlying physiology and responses to thermal stress. Physiological research at the organismal level provides information on the overall effects of stressors such as extreme temperature fluctuations. While experiments with whole organisms provide information as to the overall effects of temperature fluctuations, biochemical assays of thermal stress provide direct results of exposure that are both sensitive and specific. Electron transport system (ETS; Complex III) assays quantify a rate-limiting step of respiratory enzymes. Parameters that can be estimated via this approach include optimum thermal temperature (Topt) and optimal breadth of thermal performance (Tbreadth), which can both be related to organismal-level temperature thresholds. We exposed enzymes of seven fish species (native fish chosen to represent a typical community in Alabama streams) to temperatures in the range 11–44°C. The resultant enzymatic thermal performance curves showed that Topt, the lower temperature for enzyme optimal thermal performance (Tlow), the upper temperature for enzyme optimal thermal performance (Tup), and Tbreadth differed among species. Relationships between enzymatic activity and temperature for all fish followed a pattern of steadily increasing enzyme activity to Topt before gradually decreasing with increasing temperature. A comparison of our enzyme optimum and upper-temperature limit results versus published critical thermal maxima values supports that ETS Complex III assays may be useful for assessing organismal-level thermal tolerance.
Of the estimated 55 Hawaiian honeycreepers (subfamily Carduelinae) only 17 species remain, nine of which the International Union for Conservation of Nature considers endangered. Among the most pressing threats to honeycreeper survival is avian malaria, caused by the introduced blood parasite Plasmodium relictum, which is increasing in distribution in Hawaiʻi as a result of climate change. Preventing further honeycreeper decline will require innovative conservation strategies that confront malaria from multiple angles. Research on mammals has revealed strong connections between gut microbiome composition and malaria susceptibility, illuminating a potential novel approach to malaria control through the manipulation of gut microbiota. One honeycreeper species, Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens), persists in areas of high malaria prevalence, indicating they have acquired some level of immunity. To investigate if avian host-specific microbes may be associated with malaria survival, we characterized cloacal microbiomes and malaria infection for 174 ʻamakihi and 172 malaria-resistant warbling white-eyes (Zosterops japonicus) from Hawaiʻi Island using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Neither microbial alpha nor beta diversity covaried with infection, but 149 microbes showed positive associations with malaria survivors. Among these were Escherichia and Lactobacillus spp., which appear to mitigate malaria severity in mammalian hosts, revealing promising candidates for future probiotic research for augmenting malaria immunity in sensitive endangered species.
Several environmental policies strive to restore impaired ecosystems and could benefit from a consistent and transparent process — co-developed with key stakeholders — to prioritize impaired ecosystems for restoration activities. The Clean Water Act, for example, establishes reallocation mechanisms to transfer ecosystem services from sites of disturbance to compensation sites to offset aquatic resource functions that are unavoidably lost through land development. However, planning for the prioritization of compensatory mitigation areas is often hampered by decision-making processes that fall into a myopic decision frame because they are not co-produced with stakeholders. In this study, we partnered with domain experts from the North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services (NCDMS) to co-develop a real-world decision framework to prioritize catchments by potential for the development of mitigation projects following principles of a structured decision-making process and knowledge co-production. Following an iterative decision analysis cycle, domain experts revised foundational components of the decision framework and progressively added complexity and realism as they gained additional insights or more information became available. Through the course of facilitated in-person and remote interactions, the co-development of a decision framework produced three main ‘breakthroughs’ from the perspective of the stakeholder group: a) recognition of the problem as a multi-objective decision driven by several values in addition to biogeophysical goals (e.g., functional uplift; restoring or enhancing lost functionality of ecosystems), b) that the decision comprises a linked and sequential planning-to-implementation process, and c) future risk associated with land-use and climate change must be considered. We also present an interactive tool for ‘on-the-fly’ assessment of alternatives and tradeoff analysis, allowing domain experts to quickly test, react to, and revise prioritization strategies. The decision framework described in this study is not limited to the prioritization of compensatory mitigation activities across North Carolina, but rather serves as a framework to prioritize a wide range of restoration, conservation, and resource allocation activities in similar environmental contexts across the nation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2766","usgsCitation":"Sanchez Salas, G.M., Eaton, M.J., Garcia, A.M., Keisman, J.L., Ullman, K., Blackwell, J., and Meentemeyer, R.K., 2023, Integrating principles and tools of decision science into value-driven watershed planning for compensatory mitigation: Ecological Applications, v. 33, no. 2, e2766, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2766.","productDescription":"e2766, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131812","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445332,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2766","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":410539,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez Salas, Georgina Maria 0000-0002-2365-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2365-6200","contributorId":224363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez Salas","given":"Georgina","email":"","middleInitial":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, Mitchell J. 0000-0001-7324-6333","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-6333","contributorId":213526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Mitchell","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, Ana Maria 0000-0002-5388-1281 agarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-1281","contributorId":2035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Ana","email":"agarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keisman, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-6808-9193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-9193","contributorId":274827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keisman","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":859065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ullman, Kirsten","contributorId":299940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ullman","given":"Kirsten","affiliations":[{"id":64984,"text":"North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Mitigation Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blackwell, James","contributorId":299941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blackwell","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":64984,"text":"North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Mitigation Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meentemeyer, Ross K.","contributorId":179341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meentemeyer","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":859068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}