Concentration of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu in soil and wildlife at the Palmerton zinc smelter site in eastern Pennsylvania were determined 6 yr after zinc smelting was terminated in 1980. Levels of the four metals were higher in litter (01 and 02 horizon) than in soil (A1 horizon), and the metals were at or near levels when the smelters were still in operation. Levels of metals in soil were highest at sites close to the smelters and decreased as distances from the smelters increased. The relation of decreasing amounts of metals in body tissues with increasing distance from the smelters also held true for amphibians and mammals. An exception to this relation was higher level of Cu in red‐backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) captured ≈17 km downwind than those captured ≈12 km downwind. Levels of Zn, Pb, and Cu in liver, kidney, and muscle tissue of white‐footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were not different (P > 0.05) which is reportedly considered an indication of environmental contamination. Levels of Cd in kidneys and liver of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at Palmerton were five times higher than those for whitetailed deer collected 180 km southwest of Palmerton in southcentral Pennsylvania. The abnormal amounts of metals in the tissues of terrestrial vertebrates, and the absence or low abundance of wildlife at Palmerton indicated that ecological processes within 5 km of the smelters were markedly influenced 6 yr after zinc smelting was discontinued.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300030015x","usgsCitation":"Storm, G., Fosmire, G., and Bellis, E., 1994, Persistence of metals in soil and selected vertebrates in the vicinity of the Palmerton zinc smelters: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 23, no. 3, p. 508-514, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300030015x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"508","endPage":"514","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":371710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Palmerton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.65494537353516,\n 40.809391811146064\n ],\n [\n -75.73081970214844,\n 40.78470081841747\n ],\n [\n -75.70369720458984,\n 40.74881754464601\n ],\n [\n -75.40878295898438,\n 40.85017679415775\n ],\n [\n -75.44036865234375,\n 40.8725069777884\n ],\n [\n -75.65494537353516,\n 40.809391811146064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storm, G.L.","contributorId":32888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosmire, G.J.","contributorId":221951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fosmire","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bellis, E.D.","contributorId":221952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellis","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207650,"text":"70207650 - 1994 - High-precision 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum dating of sanidine from the Middle Pennsylvanian Fire Clay tonstein of the Appalachian basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T13:43:38.84869","indexId":"70207650","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-02T12:51:14","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-precision 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum dating of sanidine from the Middle Pennsylvanian Fire Clay tonstein of the Appalachian basin","docAbstract":"40Ar/39Ar plateau age spectra of seven sanidine samples from the Fire Clay tonstein (Middle Pennsylvanian), collected along a 300-km traverse in the Appalachian basin, range from 310.3 to 311.4 Ma. All plateau ages agree, within the limits of analytical precision, with their respective total gas ages. This agreement, together with the reproducibility between samples, suggests the analyzed samples did not contain any significant contaminant feldspar. The mean of these seven plateau ages, 310.9 ± 0.8 Ma, is interpreted to represent a precise numerical estimate of time of eruption and deposition of this tonstein and the coal bed in which it is found. The lack of any discernible difference between the age of two samples of the Fire Clay tonstein collected from east of the Pine Mountain thrust fault, along with the age of five samples from west of this fault, suggests that the Fire Clay tonstein has been reliably correlated with a tonstein on the Cumberland overthrust sheet. This correlation, together with the age data presented in this paper, indicates that the Pine Mountain thrust fault must be younger than the 310.9-Ma age obtained for the Fire Clay tonstein.
The Fire Clay tonstein is biostratigraphically correlated with the Trace Creek Shale Member of the Atoka Formation in the Midcontinent of North America and with a position near the Westphalian B-C boundary in Western Europe. Our age of 310.9 ± 0.8 Ma for the Westphalian B-C boundary represents a well-constrained point, useful for the numerical refinement of the geologic time scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/SPE294-p105","usgsCitation":"Kunk, M.J., and Rice, C., 1994, High-precision 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum dating of sanidine from the Middle Pennsylvanian Fire Clay tonstein of the Appalachian basin: GSA Special Papers, v. 294, p. 105-112, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE294-p105.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Middle Pennsylvanian Fire Clay tonstein of the Appalachian basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -85.6494140625,\n 36.65079252503471\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -81.23291015625,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 39.01064750994083\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 38.736946065676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"294","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Charles L.","contributorId":61801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Charles L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207649,"text":"70207649 - 1994 - 40Ar/39Ar chronology and volcanology of silicic volcanism in the Davis Mountains, Trans-Pecos Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T13:48:31.012088","indexId":"70207649","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-02T12:38:18","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"40Ar/39Ar chronology and volcanology of silicic volcanism in the Davis Mountains, Trans-Pecos Texas","title":"40Ar/39Ar chronology and volcanology of silicic volcanism in the Davis Mountains, Trans-Pecos Texas","docAbstract":"Field studies and 40Ar/39Ar dating reveal that silicic volcanism in the Davis Mountains part of the Trans-Pecos Texas volcanic field occurred in six episodes at 0.3 m.y. intervals between 36.8 and 35.3 Ma. Additionally, two groups of silicic intrusions were emplaced at 34.6 and 32.8 Ma. This episodicity is similar to that determined for volcanic fields dominated by ash-flow tuffs, yet voluminous, extensive silicic lavas are considerably more abundant than tuffs in the Davis Mountains, by number of flows and by volume. The preponderance of voluminous silicic lavas over tuffs most likely reflects low water contents and high temperatures of the alkalic and commonly peralkaline Davis Mountains magmas.
The earliest episode, at 36.8 Ma, included a widespread and voluminous (possibly >1,000 km3) suite of rhyolite and quartz trachyte lavas, several rhyolite domes, and a strongly rheomorphic, peralkaline ash-flow tuff erupted from a caldera in the northern Davis Mountains. The lava suite extends well beyond the Davis Mountains. Silicic lavas of all episodes probably erupted from widespread, fissure vents. The 36.5 Ma episode consisted of rhyolite to quartz trachyte lavas, also extensive and voluminous (∼200 km3). The 36.3 Ma episode consisted of rhyolite to trachyte tuffs and lavas erupted from a central vent volcano in the southern Davis Mountains. The 35.9 Ma episode consisted of a single, moderately large (∼50 km3) rhyolite lava and a small-volume ash-flow tuff erupted from a caldera in the western Davis Mountains. Rocks emplaced during the 35.6 Ma episode were also rhyolites, including an enigmatic rock that may be strongly rheomorphic ash-flow tuff or a combination of tuff and lava, followed by definite lavas. The 35.3 Ma episode consisted of two ash-flow tuffs, one of which is strongly rheomorphic, and additional voluminous rhyolite lavas (∼120 km3). The rheomorphic tuff erupted from a caldera in the southwestern Davis Mountains. The source of the other tuff is probably in the western Davis Mountains.
Intermediate and mafic rocks are minor, except around the southeastern flank of the Davis Mountains, where basalt is abundant. Mafic lavas erupted only during gaps in the silicic activity and on the flanks of the Davis Mountains. Nevertheless, basaltic magma probably drove the silicic magmatism, either by differentiation or by crustal melting, and was present throughout the time of Davis Mountains activity but could not penetrate the low-density silicic magma chambers until they cooled and solidified. The time required for cooling and solidification appears to be 0.1-0.2 m.y.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<1359:AACAVO>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":", C., Kunk, M.J., and McIntosh, W.C., 1994, 40Ar/39Ar chronology and volcanology of silicic volcanism in the Davis Mountains, Trans-Pecos Texas: GSA Bulletin, v. 106, no. 11, p. 1359-1376, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<1359:AACAVO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1359","endPage":"1376","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Davis Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -101.7333984375,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -101.7333984375,\n 31.93351676190369\n ],\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 31.93351676190369\n ],\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 29.916852233070173\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":" Christopher D. Henry","contributorId":126897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"Christopher D. Henry","affiliations":[{"id":6689,"text":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntosh, W. C.","contributorId":68039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntosh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207648,"text":"70207648 - 1994 - 40Ar 39Ar age constraints on neogene sedimentary beds, Upper Ramparts, half-way Pillar and Canyon village sites, Porcupine river, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T13:50:11.932867","indexId":"70207648","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-02T12:16:02","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"40Ar 39Ar age constraints on neogene sedimentary beds, Upper Ramparts, half-way Pillar and Canyon village sites, Porcupine river, east-central Alaska","title":"40Ar 39Ar age constraints on neogene sedimentary beds, Upper Ramparts, half-way Pillar and Canyon village sites, Porcupine river, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"40Ar/39Ar ages of volcanic rocks are used to provide numerical constraints on the age of middle and upper Miocene sedimentary strata collected along the Porcupine River. Intercalated sedimentary rocks north of latitude 67°10′N in the Porcupine terrane of east-central Alaska contain a rich record of plant fossils. The fossils are valuable indicators of this interior region's paleoclimate during the time of their deposition. Integration of the 40Ar/39Ar
40Ar/39Ar results of plagioclase and biotite from a single tephra, collected at sites 90-7 and 90-8 along the Canyon Village section of the Porcupine River, indicate an age of 6.57 ± 0.02 Ma for its time of eruption and deposition. These results, together with sedimentological and paleomagnetic data, suggest that all of the Upper Miocene lacustrine sedimentary rocks at these sites were deposited during a single interval of reversed magnetic polarity and may represent a duration of only about 40,000 years. The age of this tephra corresponds with a late late Miocene warm climatic interval.
The results from the Upper Ramparts and Half-way Pillar sites are used to estimate a minimum interval of continental flood basalt activity of 1.1–1.5 million years, and to set limits for the timing and duration of Tertiary extensional tectonic activity in the Porcupine terrane. Our data indicate that the oroclinal flexure that formed before the deposition of the basalts at the eastern end of the Brooks Range was created prior to 15.7 ± 0.1 Ma.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/1040-6182(94)90005-1","usgsCitation":"Kunk, M.J., Rieck, H., Fouch, T.D., and Carter, L.D., 1994, 40Ar 39Ar age constraints on neogene sedimentary beds, Upper Ramparts, half-way Pillar and Canyon village sites, Porcupine river, east-central Alaska: Quaternary International, v. 22-23, p. 31-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(94)90005-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"East-central Alaska and northwestern Yukon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -144.3603515625,\n 66.66603556892721\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 66.66603556892721\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 67.90448702321025\n ],\n [\n -144.3603515625,\n 67.90448702321025\n ],\n [\n -144.3603515625,\n 66.66603556892721\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22-23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rieck, H.","contributorId":33462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieck","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fouch, T. D.","contributorId":68333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fouch","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, L. David","contributorId":16827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207647,"text":"70207647 - 1994 - The Pennsylvanian Fire Clay tonstein of the Appalachian basin—Its distribution, biostratigraphy, and mineralogy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T15:11:42.715632","indexId":"70207647","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-02T11:48:40","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Pennsylvanian Fire Clay tonstein of the Appalachian basin—Its distribution, biostratigraphy, and mineralogy","docAbstract":"The Middle Pennsylvanian Fire Clay tonstein, mostly kaolinite and minor accessory minerals, is an altered and lithified volcanic ash preserved as a thin, isochronous layer associated with the Fire Clay coal bed. Seven samples of the tonstein, taken along a 300-km traverse of the central Appalachian basin, contain cogenetic phenocrysts and trapped silicate-melt inclusions of a rhyolitic magma. The phenocrysts include beta-form quartz, apatite, zircon, sanidine, pyroxene, amphibole, monazite, garnet, biotite, and various sulfides. An inherited component of the zircons (determined from U-Pb isotope analyses) provides evidence that the source of the Fire Clay ash was Middle Proterozoic (Grenvillian) continental crust inboard of the active North American margin. 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of seven sanidine samples from the tonstein have a mean age of 310.9 ± 0.8 Ma, which suggests that it is the product of a single, large-volume, high-silica, rhyolitic eruption possibly associated with one of the Hercynian granitic plutons in the Piedmont. Biostratigraphic analyses correlate the Fire Clay coal bed with a position just below the top of the Trace Creek Member of the Atoka Formation in the North American Midcontinent and near the Westphalian B-C boundary in western Europe.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/SPE294-p87","usgsCitation":"Rice, C.L., Belkin, H.E., Henry, T., Zartman, R., and Kunk, M.J., 1994, The Pennsylvanian Fire Clay tonstein of the Appalachian basin—Its distribution, biostratigraphy, and mineralogy: GSA Special Papers, v. 294, p. 87-104, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE294-p87.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.99072265625,\n 38.71980474264237\n ],\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -83.51806640624999,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 36.721273880045004\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 38.54816542304656\n ],\n [\n -80.37597656249999,\n 39.62261494094297\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -82.99072265625,\n 38.71980474264237\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"294","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, C. L.","contributorId":60658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529 hbelkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"hbelkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, T.W.","contributorId":7707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70129391,"text":"70129391 - 1994 - Predators of the Whitetail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-21T13:23:37","indexId":"70129391","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T13:18:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Predators of the Whitetail","docAbstract":"white-tailed deer have long been important prey for large predators. Before Europeans colonized North America, deer roaming the forested region east of the Great Plains and areas along the Gulf of Mexico were hunted by wolves and mountain lions, and by Native Americans for food and clothing materials.
\nToday, wolves and mountain lions are largely gone from the white-tailed deer range of the eastern United States. Deer still face the threat of wolves in northern Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin, and of mountain lions, to a limited extent, in Texas and south Florida. Relatively small populations of whitetails have expanded westward, showing up in the Great Plains and several areas west of the Continental Divide such as northwestern Montana, northern Idaho, and eastern Washington. More than half the prey killed by recolonizing wolves in northwestern Montana are white-tailed deer. Although it has not been well documented, these western whitetails undoubtedly also are preyed on by mountain lions.
\nWolves and mountain lions have evolved as effective killers of deer but with very different physical characteristics and hunting behaviors. Of course, for their part, whitetails have found ways to protect themselves.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Stackpole Books","publisherLocation":"Mechanicsburg, PA","usgsCitation":"Fagre, D.B., 1994, Predators of the Whitetail, chap. of Deer, p. 224-230.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775b8e4b0f888a81b8337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70129550,"text":"70129550 - 1994 - Evaluating decision processes study: Eastman Falls project: Pemigewasset River, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-23T11:52:16","indexId":"70129550","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T11:50:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Evaluating decision processes study: Eastman Falls project: Pemigewasset River, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J.G., 1994, Evaluating decision processes study: Eastman Falls project: Pemigewasset River, New Hampshire, 48 p.","productDescription":"48 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Pemigewasset River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544a18cee4b04d2014abfb2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, J. G.","contributorId":42534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226851,"text":"70226851 - 1994 - Correlation and age of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation from magnetostratigraphic analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T16:00:11.573958","indexId":"70226851","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T09:41:36","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Correlation and age of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation from magnetostratigraphic analysis","docAbstract":"The magnetostratigraphy of the Morrison Formation of east-central New Mexico resembles that of three western Colorado sections. Magnetic polarity and lithology agree among the sections, indicating the correlation potential of magnetostratigraphy in this lithologically complex formation. Both magnetostratigraphy, lithology, and paleopoles divide the formation into two parts. The lower sandstone-dominated portion was deposited during a time of relatively equal lengths normal and reversed polarity intervals, whereas the upper mudstone (Brushy Basin) portion was deposited during predominantly reversed polarity with interspersed short normal intervals. The four magnetostratigraphic sequences yield a composite Morrison Formation magnetostratigraphy. Upper Morrison polarity correlates well with the polarity pattern of the marine magnetic anomaly M-sequence and indicates that the Brushy Basin Member is Kimmeridgian and earliest Tithonian in age. The correlation suggests that lower part of the formation is at least Oxfordian in age.
Two pole positions were obtained from the New Mexico Morrison Formation. The lower sandstone-dominated part of the formation gives a different paleopole from the mostly mudstone upper portion of the formation. This difference is quite similar to observation of two pole positions in the Colorado Morrison Formation. The similarity between New Mexico and Colorado indicates that the base level change within the formation, the change from sandstone and mudstone to nearly purely mudstone deposition, was approximately synchronous in the two areas. The presence of two different paleopoles suggests an hiatus in the formation. The hiatus in sedimentation coincides with the base level change, and the difference in paleopoles suggests that sufficient time elapsed for continental motion to occur between deposition of the lower members of the Morrison Formation and the Brushy Basin Member above them.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mesozoic systems of the Rocky Mountain region, USA, 1994","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Rocky Mountain Section Society for Sedimentary Geology","usgsCitation":"Steiner, M.B., Lucas, S.G., and Shoemaker, E.M., 1994, Correlation and age of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation from magnetostratigraphic analysis, chap. of Mesozoic systems of the Rocky Mountain region, USA, 1994, p. 315-330.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"330","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.rmssepm.org/publications"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau, Morrison Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 33.815666308702774\n ],\n [\n -105.8642578125,\n 34.542762387234845\n ],\n [\n -106.3916015625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -107.60009765625,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -109.09423828125,\n 40.79717741518766\n ],\n [\n -111.64306640625,\n 40.59727063442024\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 36.1733569352216\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 33.815666308702774\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Caputo, Mario V.","contributorId":270139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caputo","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828486,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, James A.","contributorId":106872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828487,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franczyk, Karen J.","contributorId":25224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franczyk","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828488,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Steiner, Maureen B.","contributorId":37643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiner","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucas, S. G.","contributorId":76934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoemaker, Eugene Merle","contributorId":20342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"Merle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":58471,"text":"mf2215C - 1994 - Gold occurrences in the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T21:39:20.361962","indexId":"mf2215C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2215","chapter":"C","title":"Gold occurrences in the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina","docAbstract":"All of the gold mines, prospects, placers, and occurrences known in the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle are tabulated in this report. The table lists, in consecutive order by county (fig. 1), the map number of each feature, which is located either on the accompanying Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle map or figure 2. The known name of the feature; the 7.5' topographic map on the which the gold site is located (if known, within 25 ft or 7.6 m), the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) northing and easting grid coordinates from the appropriate 7.5' topographic map; the commodity; remarks; and references are also listed. Some locations are known, but many sites are not verified and their locations are only approximate. References are listed in References Cited and referred to by number to save space.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/mf2215C","usgsCitation":"D’Agostino, J.P., Mason, G.T., Zupan, A., Maybin, A.H., German, J.M., and Abrams, C.E., 1994, Gold occurrences in the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2215, 1 Plate: 49.54 x 40.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2215C.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 49.54 x 40.79 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2215c.jpg"},{"id":390868,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5848.htm"},{"id":283690,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2215-C/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.0,34.0 ], [ -84.0,35.0 ], [ -82.0,35.0 ], [ -82.0,34.0 ], [ -84.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6740a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Agostino, John P.","contributorId":106957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agostino","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason, George T.","contributorId":51277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zupan, Alan J.W.","contributorId":8174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zupan","given":"Alan J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maybin, Arthur H. III","contributorId":76403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maybin","given":"Arthur","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"German, Jerry M.","contributorId":94588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"German","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Abrams, Charlotte E.","contributorId":58706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"Charlotte","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":60688,"text":"mf2264A - 1994 - Map showing seismicity and sandblows in the vicinity of New Madrid, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-09T16:57:06.818096","indexId":"mf2264A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2264","chapter":"A","title":"Map showing seismicity and sandblows in the vicinity of New Madrid, Missouri","docAbstract":"This is one of a series of five seismotectic maps of the seismically active New Madrid, Missouri, area (table 1; Wheeler and others, 1992). The map area centers near the sites of three great earthquakes that struck during the winter of 1811-12 (Fuller, 1912; Nuttli, 1973). These earthquakes and continuing subsequent seismicity rank the New Madrid area with Cherlevoix, Quebec, as the two most seismically active areas in North America east of the Rocky Mountains. The threat posed by New Madrid seismicity to the central United States makes the area the focus of many investigations (for examples, Heyl and McKeown, 1978; McKeown and Pakiser, 1982; Algemissen and Hopper, 1984; Hamilton and Johnston, 1990; Applied Technology Council, 1991; Johnston and others, 1992). The map area includes the most intense seismic activity in the New Madrid region.
\nA seismotectic map shows some of the geologic and geophysical information needed to assess seismic hazard (Hadley and Devine, 1974; Pavoni, 1985). A previous seismotectonic map of the central Mississippi River valley (Heyl and McKeown, 1978) has had wide use for planning field surveys, as a base map for plotting data collected during single investigations, and for compiling a range of information. Since 1978 numcrous researchers have greatly advanced our knowledge of the geology and geophysics of the central Mississippi Valley. The New Madrid seismotectonic map folio updates approximately the south-central sixth of the central Mississippi Valley seismotectonic map of Heyl and McKeown (1978).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/mf2264A","usgsCitation":"Rhea, B.S., Tarr, A.C., and Wheeler, R.L., 1994, Map showing seismicity and sandblows in the vicinity of New Madrid, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2264, 1 Plate: 50.28 x 41.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2264A.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 50.28 x 41.13 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490277,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5882.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283692,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2264-A/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182798,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2264a.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"New Madrid","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.0,35.0 ], [ -91.0,37.0 ], [ -89.0,37.0 ], [ -89.0,35.0 ], [ -91.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2ace","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhea, B. Susan","contributorId":98775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhea","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":264225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":58670,"text":"mf2215B - 1994 - Mines, prospects, and occurrences of metallic (excluding gold), pegmatite, and rare-earth mineral commodities in the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T20:43:25.860011","indexId":"mf2215B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2215","chapter":"B","title":"Mines, prospects, and occurrences of metallic (excluding gold), pegmatite, and rare-earth mineral commodities in the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina","docAbstract":"All of the known mines, prospects, and occurrences of metallic (excluding gold, pegmatite, and rare-earth mineral commodities for the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle are tabulated in this report. The table lists, in consecutive order for each county (fig. 1), the map number of each item, which correlates and locates the item on the accompanying Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle map. The known name of the feature; the 7.5' topographic map on the which the commodity site is located; the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) northing and easting grid coordinates from the appropriate 7.5' topographic map; the commodity; remarks; and references are also listed. Some locations are known, but many sites are not verified and their locations are only approximate. References are listed in References Cited and referred to by number to save space.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/mf2215B","usgsCitation":"D’Agostino, J.P., Zupan, A.J., Maybin, A.H., Abrams, C.E., and German, J.M., 1994, Mines, prospects, and occurrences of metallic (excluding gold), pegmatite, and rare-earth mineral commodities in the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2215, 1 Plate: 49.81 x 39.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2215B.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 49.81 x 39.90 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2215b.jpg"},{"id":283689,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2215-B/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":390919,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5847.htm"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.0,34.0 ], [ -84.0,35.0 ], [ -82.0,35.0 ], [ -82.0,34.0 ], [ -84.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699dac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Agostino, John P.","contributorId":106957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agostino","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zupan, Alan Jon","contributorId":46008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zupan","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"Jon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maybin, Arthur H. III","contributorId":76403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maybin","given":"Arthur","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abrams, Charlotte E.","contributorId":58706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"Charlotte","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"German, Jerry M.","contributorId":94588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"German","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":58671,"text":"mf2215D - 1994 - Mines, prospects, and occurrences of nonmetallic mineral commodities in the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-04T21:20:19.599655","indexId":"mf2215D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2215","chapter":"D","title":"Mines, prospects, and occurrences of nonmetallic mineral commodities in the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina","docAbstract":"Mines, prospects, and occurrences of nonmetal mineral commodities in the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle are tabulated in this report. There are 488 symbols representing 579 mines, prospects, and occurrences located in the quadrangle. There are 379 symbols used for 466 features in Georgia, 106 symbols for 110 features in South Carolina, and 3 symbols for 3 features in North Carolina. The table lists, in consecutive orders for each county (fig. 1), the map number of each feature, which correlates and locates the item on the accompanying Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle map. Also listed are the known name of the feature; the 7.5 topographic map on which the commodity site is located; the Transverse Mercator (UTM) northing and easting grid coordinates from the appropriate 7.5’ topographic map; the commodity; remarks; and references. Some locations are known, but many sites are not verified and their locations are only approximate. Reference are listed in References Cited and referred to by number to save space. The generalized tectonic framework for the quadrangle is shown in figure 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2215D","usgsCitation":"D’Agostino, J.P., O’Connor, B.J., Zupan, A., and Maybin, A.H., 1994, Mines, prospects, and occurrences of nonmetallic mineral commodities in the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2215, 1 Plate: 56.50 x 39.20 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2215D.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 56.50 x 39.20 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283691,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2215-D/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":390921,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5849.htm"},{"id":183852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2215d.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.0,34.0 ], [ -84.0,35.0 ], [ -82.0,35.0 ], [ -82.0,34.0 ], [ -84.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Agostino, John P.","contributorId":106957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agostino","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, Bruce J.","contributorId":32180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zupan, Alan J.W.","contributorId":8174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zupan","given":"Alan J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maybin, Arthur H. III","contributorId":76403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maybin","given":"Arthur","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":49728,"text":"ofr94192 - 1994 - Geophysical database of the east coast of the United States northern Atlantic margin: Velocity analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T15:11:47","indexId":"ofr94192","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-192","title":"Geophysical database of the east coast of the United States northern Atlantic margin: Velocity analyses","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94192","usgsCitation":"Klitgord, K.D., and Schneider, C.M., 1994, Geophysical database of the east coast of the United States northern Atlantic margin: Velocity analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-192, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94192.","productDescription":"74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":86278,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0192/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0192/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c16e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":240156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, C. M.","contributorId":27537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57197,"text":"ofr94569 - 1994 - Volcanic gas emissions and their impact on ambient air character at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-21T16:54:19.305382","indexId":"ofr94569","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-569","title":"Volcanic gas emissions and their impact on ambient air character at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Currently, gas emissions from Kilauea occur from the summit caldera, along the middle East Rift Zone (ERZ), and where lava enters the ocean. We estimate that the current ERZ eruption of Kilauea releases between 400 metric tonnes of SO2 per day, during eruptive pauses, to as much as 1850 metric tonnes per day during actively erupting periods, along with lesser amounts of other chemically and radiatively active species including H2S, HCl, and HF. In order to characterize gas emissions from Kilauea in a meaningful way for assessing environmental impact we made a series of replicate grab-sample measurements of ambient air and precipitation at the summit of Kilauea, along its ERZ, and at coastal sites where lava enters the ocean. The grab-sampling data combined with SO2 emission rates, and continuous air quality and meteorological monitoring at the summit of Kilauea show that the effects of these emissions on ambient air character are a complex function of chemical reactivity, source geometry and effusivity, and local meteorology. For all the measurement sites, ambient concentrations of the emitted gases decrease rapidly, even at short distances from point sources. Prevailing tradewinds typically carry the gases and aerosols released to the southwest, where they are further distributed by the regional wind regime. Episodes of kona, or low speed variable winds sometimes disrupt this pattern, however, and allow the gases and their oxidation products to collect at the summit and eastern side of the island. Summit solfatara areas of Kilauea are distinguished by moderate to high ambient SO2, high H2S at one location, and low H2S at all others, and negligible HC1 concentrations, as measured 1 m from degassing point-sources. Summit solfatara rain water has high sulfate and low chloride ioa concentrations, and low pH. The middle ERZ degassing areas show moderate to high SO2 at 100 m away from degassing lava, and low H2S concentrations. Moderate HC1 was found in ambient air. Rain water near the middle ERZ degassing areas have high sulfate, high chloride and low pH. Coastal entry areas are characterized by high HC1 in the gas plume and significant rain-out of this HCl as indicated by low rain water pH, and high rain water chloride. Sulfate in the coastal-entry rainwater is also high. Ambient SO2 and 112S are moderate to high near the coastal entry locations. Ambient air in the lower ERZ thermal and non-thermal areas shows essentially no influence from the on-going eruption, as evidenced by the absence of SO2, H2S, HC1, and the moderate rain water pH with low sulfate concentration. When the current eruption ceases, ERZ and summit gas emissions will be greatly reduced.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd938","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Navarrete, R.","contributorId":12549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Navarrete","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2051,"text":"wsp2413 - 1994 - Herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers in the midcontinental United States, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T18:41:47.334948","indexId":"wsp2413","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2413","title":"Herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers in the midcontinental United States, 1991","docAbstract":"The occurrence and distribution of selected herbicides, atrazine metabolites, and nitrate were determined for near-surface aquifers (within 50 feet of land surface) in the corn- and soybean-producing region of the midcontinental United States. The study region included all or parts of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. Water samples were collected during the spring and summer of 1991 from 303 wells completed in near-surface unconsolidated and near-surface bedrock aquifers. At least one herbicide or atrazine metabolite was detected in 24 percent of 579 water samples analyzed for herbicides, based on a reporting limit of 0.05 microgram per liter. However, no herbicide concentration exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's maximum contaminant levels or health advisory levels for drinking water. The most frequently detected herbicide compound was desethylatrazine, an atrazine metabolite (18.1 percent), followed by atrazine (17.4 percent); deisopropylatrazine, an atrazine metabolite (5.7 percent); prometon (5.0 percent); metolachlor (2.7 percent); alachlor (1.7 percent); simazine (1.0 percent); metribuzin (1.0 percent); and cyanazine (0.7 percent). The herbicides ametryn, prometryn, propazine, and terbutryn were not detected during this study. Nitrate concentrations equal to or greater than 3.0 milligrams per liter (excess nitrate) were detected in 29 percent of the 599 nitrate analyses, and ammonium concentrations equal to or greater than 0.01 milligram per liter were detected in 78 percent of the 584 ammonium analyses. Nitrate concentrations equal to or greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's maximum contaminant level for drinking water of 10 milligrams per liter were found in 6 percent of the samples.
\nThe frequency of herbicide detection was, in part, affected by the analytical method's reporting limit. Results from this study show that the frequency of atrazine detection increases as the reporting limit decreases. Herbicide metabolite concentrations are critical to understanding the detection of herbicide residues. The frequency of detection of atrazine residue (atrazine + desethylatrazine + deisopropylatrazine) was 22.1 percent, which was more than the frequency of detection of atrazine alone (17.4 percent).
\nPrometon was detected more frequently than every other herbicide except atrazine. The prometon appears to be derived from areas of nonagricultural land use, such as golf courses and residential areas. Herbicides and excess nitrate were both rarely detected in the eastern part of the study region, even though this is an area of intense herbicide and nitrogen-fertilizer use.
\nHydrogeologic factors, land use, agricultural practices, local features, and water chemistry were analyzed for possible relation to herbicide and excess-nitrate detections. Herbicides and excess nitrate were detected more frequently in near-surface unconsolidated aquifers than in nearsurface bedrock aquifers. The depth to the top of the aquifer was inversely related to the frequency of detection of herbicides and excess nitrate. The proximity of streams to sampled wells also affected the frequency of herbicide detection. Significant seasonal differences were determined for the frequency of herbicide detection, but not for the frequency of excess nitrate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2413","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D.W., Burkart, M.R., and Thurman, E.M., 1994, Herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers in the midcontinental United States, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2413, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2413.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27578,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2413/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2413/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, 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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635c7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkart, Michael R.","contributorId":75512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29848,"text":"wri944028 - 1994 - Potential effects of the Hawaii Geothermal Project on ground-water resources on the island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-08T09:09:02","indexId":"wri944028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4028","title":"Potential effects of the Hawaii Geothermal Project on ground-water resources on the island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"In 1990, the State of Hawaii proposed the Hawaii Geothermal Project for the development of as much as 500 MW of electric power from the geothermal system in the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano. This report uses data from 31 wells and 8 springs to describe the properties of the ground-water system in and adjacent to the East Rift Zone. Potential effects of this project on ground-water resources are also discussed. Data show differences in ground-water chemistry and heads within the study area that appear to be related to mixing of waters of different origins and ground-water impoundment by volcanic dikes. East of Pahoa, the ground-water system within the rift is highly transmissive and receives abundant recharge from precipitation; therefore, the pumping of freshwater to support geothermal development in that part of the rift zone would have a minimal effect on ground-water levels. To the southwest of Pahoa, dike impoundment reduces the transmissivity of the ground-water system to such an extent that wells might not be capable of supplying sufficient fresh water to support geothermal operations. Contamination of ground-water resources by accidental release of geothermal fluids into shallow aquifers is possible because of corrosive conditions in the geothermal wells, potential well blowouts, and high ground-water velocities in parts of the region. Hydrologic monitoring of water level, temperature, and chemistry in observation wells should continue throughout development of geothermal resources for the Hawaii Geothermal Project for early detection of leakage and migration of geothermal fluids within the groundwater system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944028","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., and Colvard, E., 1994, Potential effects of the Hawaii Geothermal Project on ground-water resources on the island of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4028, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944028.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58657,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4028/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c242","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colvard, E.M.","contributorId":83553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvard","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016977,"text":"70016977 - 1994 - Geochemistry of tectonically expelled fluids from the northern Coast ranges, Rumsey Hills, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-22T11:36:37.024484","indexId":"70016977","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of tectonically expelled fluids from the northern Coast ranges, Rumsey Hills, California, USA","docAbstract":"Tectonic compression has created abnormally high pressure on deep basinal fluids causing their expulsion from areally exposed Upper Cretaceous rock along the eastern margin of the California Coast ranges. The fluids emerge as near-neutral, perennial sodium chloride springs at high elevations with flow rates as high as 10 L per min. Higher spring discharges are more common around the exposure of a west-vergent fault propagation fold axis. Spring waters range from ~1000 to 27,000 mg/L TDS. The least saline water (
Bicarbonate and SiO2 concentrations show an inverse correlation with Cl, with most waters being saturated or slightly oversaturated with calcite and quartz at the discharge temperatures. Some freshwater springs with near-meteoric stable isotope values may represent mixing of young groundwater from perched aquifers, but in many cases, the freshwater springs emerge along the same structures and have the same perennial nature as the saline fluids, and expulsion of an older fresh groundwater component that is under abnormal fluid pressures cannot be ruled out. Basinal fluids elsewhere commonly show dilution trends with local meteoric water, and in the case of the Rumsey Hills, some of the dilute saline waters may indicate deep penetration of meteoric water (> 1 km) in the Pleistocene before the latest tectonic uplift.
Geothermometry of the spring waters (maximum ~90°C) suggest an origin from as deep as 4.0 km. This depth is consistent with the depth of the core of a fault propagation anticline below the surface of the Rumsey Hills developed by active internal deformation of an east-tapering wedge beneath the southwestern Sacramento Valley. Active tectonic compression causes near-lithostatic fluid pressures in the shallow subsurface below the Rumsey Hills and volume strain within the core of the anticline that results in upward expulsion of the saline fluids from the indicated depths.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(94)90530-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Davisson, M., Presser, T.S., and Criss, R., 1994, Geochemistry of tectonically expelled fluids from the northern Coast ranges, Rumsey Hills, California, USA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, no. 7, p. 1687-1699, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90530-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1687","endPage":"1699","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224812,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Capay Valley, Rumsey Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.83116906852135,\n 40.11316663404756\n ],\n [\n -122.83116906852135,\n 39.22739587633049\n ],\n [\n -122.1748189799561,\n 39.22739587633049\n ],\n [\n -122.1748189799561,\n 40.11316663404756\n ],\n [\n -122.83116906852135,\n 40.11316663404756\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1718e4b0c8380cd5539d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davisson, M.L.","contributorId":62277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davisson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Presser, T. S.","contributorId":93875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Criss, R.E.","contributorId":10075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criss","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017756,"text":"70017756 - 1994 - Two episodes of meltwater influx from glacial Lake Agassiz into the Lake Michigan basin and their climatic contrasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T18:39:32","indexId":"70017756","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two episodes of meltwater influx from glacial Lake Agassiz into the Lake Michigan basin and their climatic contrasts","docAbstract":"Two episodes of meltwater influx from glacial Lake Agassiz are recorded as prominent sedimentologic, isotopic, magnetic, and faunal signatures in southern Lake Michigan profundal sediments. As a tributary to the main path of eastward Lake Agassiz flow, southern Lake Michigan recorded only the largest, catastrophic discharges. The distinctive Wilmette Bed, a massive gray mud that interrrupts laminated red glaciolacustrine clays, marks the first episode, which occurred near the beginning of the Younger Dryas cooling events. The associated discharge may have played a role in the inception or severity of the Younger Dryas event. An oxygen isotope excursion in biogenic carbonate and changes in ostracode assemblages mark the second episode, which appears to have had at least two pulses, dated by accelerator mass spectrometer 14C ages on biogenic carbonate at about 8.9 and 8.6 ka. The second episode occurred during the early Holocene peak in global meltwater discharge and apparently had little widespread climatic or oceanographic effect. The contrast between the effects associated with these two episodes of meltwater discharge emphasizes the complexity of the ice sheet-ocean-climate system. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0547:TEOMIF>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Keigwin, L., and Forester, R.M., 1994, Two episodes of meltwater influx from glacial Lake Agassiz into the Lake Michigan basin and their climatic contrasts: Geology, v. 22, no. 6, p. 547-550, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0547:TEOMIF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"550","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -101,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -101,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb94fe4b08c986b327bbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":377478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keigwin, L.D.","contributorId":27213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keigwin","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30359,"text":"wri934092 - 1994 - Effects of surficial geology, lakes and swamps, and annual water availability on low flows of streams in central New England, and their use in low-flow estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T22:27:43.937293","indexId":"wri934092","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4092","title":"Effects of surficial geology, lakes and swamps, and annual water availability on low flows of streams in central New England, and their use in low-flow estimation","docAbstract":"Equations developed by multiple-regression analysis of data from 49 drainage basins in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, and southwestern Maine indicate that low flow of streams in this region is largely a function of the amount of water available to the basin and the extent of surficial sand and gravel relative to the extent of till and fine-grained stratified drift. Low flow per square mile from areas of surficial sand and gravel is consistently much greater than that from areas of till and bedrock, but flood plains and alluvial fans seem to contribute less low flow per square mile than do other types of surficial sand and gravel. The areal extent of lakes and swamps also correlates negatively with low flow in multiple-regression equations, presumably because intense evapotranspiration from these localities consumes water that would otherwise become streamflow.\r\n\r\nThe annual minimum 7-day mean low flows that occur during summer and fall at 2-year and 10-year recurrence intervals (7Q2 and 7QIO) were selected as indices of low flow and were adjusted to a common base period, 1942-71. Central New England was divided into a region of high relief that com- prises much of New Hampshire, Vermont, and western Massachusetts, and a region of low relief that generally lies to the east and south but also includes the Lake Champlain lowland of Vermont. In the high-relief region, mean basin elevation proved to be the most significant index of the amount of water available. In the low-relief region, mean annual runoff per square mile was more significant than elevation, particularly when multiplied by the areal extent of sand and gravel and that of till. Dividing the areal extent of sand and gravel by stream length improved the fit of regression equations for the low-relief region.\r\n\r\nRegression equations were developed that explained at least 95 percent of the variation in 7QIO within both the high-relief and the low-relief data sets. Equations proposed for practical application were reasonably consistent with the statistical assumptions of least-squares analysis and yielded 7Q2 and 7QIO values with standard errors of 1.9 and 1.4 cubic feet per second, respectively, for the high-relief region and 2.2 and 1.6 cubic feet per second for the low-relief region. When error was expressed as a percentage of each observed value, median errors were about 25 percent for 7Q2 in both regions, and about 25 and 55 percent for 7QIO in the high-and low-relief regions, respectively. The equations do not apply to basin segments that are substantially affected by urbanization, stream regulation, or ground-water withdrawals, and may not be appropriate where basin characteristics fall outside their range in the data set or where the geologic and topographic maps needed for measurement of basin characteristics are unavailable, or are of small scale or mutually inconsistent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934092","usgsCitation":"Wandle, S.W., and Randall, A.D., 1994, Effects of surficial geology, lakes and swamps, and annual water availability on low flows of streams in central New England, and their use in low-flow estimation (Revised May 2007): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4092, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934092.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_93_4092.jpg"},{"id":394734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47810.htm"},{"id":9821,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri93-4092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.5083,\n 41.3\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 41.3\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 45.3181\n ],\n [\n -73.5083,\n 45.3181\n ],\n [\n -73.5083,\n 41.3\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revised May 2007","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624e5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wandle, S. William Jr.","contributorId":99562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandle","given":"S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Randall, Allan D. arandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Allan","email":"arandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29082,"text":"wri934232 - 1994 - Sources and transport of sediment, nutrients, and oxygen-demanding substances in the Minnesota River basin, 1989-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:47:07","indexId":"wri934232","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4232","title":"Sources and transport of sediment, nutrients, and oxygen-demanding substances in the Minnesota River basin, 1989-92","docAbstract":"The Minnesota River, 10 major tributaries, and 21 springs were sampled to determine the sources and transport of sediment, nutrients, and oxygen- demanding substances. The study was part of a four-year assessment of non-point source pollution in the Minnesota River Basin. Runoff from tributary watersheds was identified as the primary source of suspended sediment and nutrients in the Minnesota River mainstem. Suspended-sediment, phosphorus, and nitrate concentrations were elevated in all major tributaries during runoff, but tributaries in the south-central and eastern part of the basin produce the highest annual loading to the mainstem because of higher annual precipitation and runoff in that part of the basin. Particle-size analyses showed that most of the suspended sediment in transport consisted of silt- and clay-size material. Phosphorus enrichment was indicated throughout the mainstem by total phosphorus concentrations that ranged from 0.04 to 0.48 mg/L with a median value of 0.22 mg/L, and an interquartile range of 0.15 to 0.29 mg/L. Nitrate concentrations periodically exceeded drinking water standards in tributaries draining the south-central and eastern part of the basin. Oxygen demand was most elevated during periods of summer low flow. Correlations between levels of biochemical oxygen demand and levels of algal productivity suggest that algal biomass comprises much of the oxygen-demanding material in the mainstem. Transport of sediment, nutrients, and organic carbon within the mainstem was found to be conservative, with nearly all tributary inputs being transported downstream. Uptake and utilization of nitrate and orthophosphorus was indicated during low flow, but at normal and high flow, inputs of these constituents greatly exceeded biological utilization.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri934232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources","usgsCitation":"Payne, G.A., 1994, Sources and transport of sediment, nutrients, and oxygen-demanding substances in the Minnesota River basin, 1989-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4232, vii, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934232.","productDescription":"vii, 71 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673ec6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, G. A.","contributorId":62190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223020,"text":"5223020 - 1994 - Late winter survival of female mallards in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T16:35:53.870175","indexId":"5223020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late winter survival of female mallards in Arkansas","docAbstract":"Determining factors that limit winter survival of waterfowl is necessary to develop effective management plans. We radiomarked immature and adult female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) after the 1988 and 1989 hunting seasons in eastcentral Arkansas to test whether natural mortality sources and habitat conditions during late winter limit seasonal survival. We used data from 92 females to calculate survival estimates. We observed no mortalities during 2,510 exposure days, despite differences in habitat conditions between years. We used the binomial distribution to calculate daily and 30-day survival estimates plus 95% confidence intervals of 0.9988 ≤ 0.9997 ≤ 1.00 and 0.9648 ≤ 0.9925 ≤ 1.00, respectively. Our data indirectly support the hypothesis that hunting mortality and habitat conditions during the hunting season are the major determinants of winter survival for female mallards in Arkansas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809554","usgsCitation":"Dugger, B., Reinecke, K.J., and Fredrickson, L.H., 1994, Late winter survival of female mallards in Arkansas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 1, p. 94-99, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809554.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489876,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3809554","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":193981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"White River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.18171481207008,\n 34.37323485085338\n ],\n [\n -91.18171481207008,\n 34.012709674636895\n ],\n [\n -91.0179255009495,\n 34.012709674636895\n ],\n [\n -91.0179255009495,\n 34.37323485085338\n ],\n [\n -91.18171481207008,\n 34.37323485085338\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugger, Bruce D.","contributorId":81236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Bruce D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinecke, Kenneth J.","contributorId":87275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredrickson, Leigh H.","contributorId":55874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26883,"text":"wri944027 - 1994 - Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer -- Predevelopment to 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T22:19:35.107902","indexId":"wri944027","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4027","title":"Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer -- Predevelopment to 1992","docAbstract":"Changes in water levels in the High Plains aquifet underlying parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming result from the variability of precipitation, land use, and ground-water withdrawals. From the beginning of development of the High Plains aquifer to 1980, water levels declined throughout much of the area; the declines exceeded 100 feet in parts of the central and southern High Plains. From 1980 to 1992, water levels continued to decline in these same areas, but at a slightly slower overall annual rate. This slower rate of decline was associated, in part, with a decrease in ground-water application for irrigated agriculture and above normal precipitation throughout the High Plains during 1980-91. Declines exceeding 20 feet were common from 1980 to 1992 in areas of intense irrigation development in Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. In the northern High Plains, declines of 10 to 20 feet from 1980 to 1992 were widespread in northeastern Colorado, southwestern Nebraska, and the Nebraska Panhandle. Water levels were generally stable from 1980 to 1992 in most other areas of the High Plains. In a large area in the southern High Plains of Texas, however, water-level rises exceeded 20 feet. Also, scattered rises of 5 to 10 feet occurred in eastern Nebraska. The estimated average area-weighted water-level change, from 1991 to 1992 was -0.55, even though precipitation was well-above normal in 1991 in the High Plains. Water- level declines of 3 to 5 feet were widespread in the intensively irrigated areas of southwestern Kansas and the northern part of the Southern High Plains of Texas. These large declines were not closely related to 1991 precipitation patterns in those areas. Declines of 1 to 3 feet were common throughout the intensively irrigated areas of the Northern High Plains and the less intensively irrigated areas of the Central and Southern High Plains. Water levels continued to rise, generally 1 to 3 feet in the extreme Southern High Plains of Texas. Rises of 1 to 3 feet also occurred in parts of northeastern and central Nebraska.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944027","usgsCitation":"Dugan, J.T., McGrath, T.J., and Zelt, R.B., 1994, Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer -- Predevelopment to 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4027, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944027.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392979,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47936.htm"},{"id":118748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4027/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55774,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4027/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"High Plains aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 31.353636941500987\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a05e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugan, J. T.","contributorId":67890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGrath, T. J.","contributorId":92294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrath","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zelt, R. B.","contributorId":34913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":19737,"text":"ofr9454 - 1994 - Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-30T20:35:32.577105","indexId":"ofr9454","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-54","title":"Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1992","docAbstract":"Tne U.S. Geological Survey. in support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Yucca Mountain Site- Characterization Project, collects, compiles, and summarizes water-resource data in the Yucca Mountain region. The data are collected to document the historical and current condition of ground-water resources, to detect and document changes in those resources through time, and to allow assessments of ground-water resources during investigations to determine the potential suitability of Yucca Mountain for storing high-level nuclear waste. Data on ground-water levels at 36 sites, ground- water discharge at 6 sites, ground-water quality at 19 sites, and ground-water withdrawals within Crater Fiat, Jackass Flats, Mercury Valley, and the Amargosa Desert are presented. Data on ground-water levels, discharges, and withdrawals collected by other agencies or as part of other programs are included to further indicate variations through time. A statistical summary of ground-water levels and median annual ground-water withdrawals in Jackass Flats is presented. The statistical summary includes the number of measurements, the maximum, minimum, and median water-level altitudes, and the average deviation of a11 water-level altitudes for selected baseline periods and for calendar year 1992. Data on ground-water quality are compared to established, proposed, or tentative primary and secondary drinking-water standards, and measures which exceeded those standards are listed for 18 sites. Detected organic compounds for which established, proposed, or tentative drinking-water standards exist also are listed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9454","usgsCitation":"La Camera, R.J., and Westenburg, C.L., 1994, Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-54, Report: 161 p.; 1 Plate: 16.92 × 11.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9454.","productDescription":"Report: 161 p.; 1 Plate: 16.92 × 11.82 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402788,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12448.htm"},{"id":264551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":264550,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49211,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0054/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 36.267\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 36.267\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 36.267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68647a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Camera, Richard J.","contributorId":52212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Camera","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westenburg, Craig L.","contributorId":63831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenburg","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":60690,"text":"mf2275 - 1994 - Revised correlation chart of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units in the Pennsylvanian rocks of eastern Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T08:09:44","indexId":"mf2275","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2275","title":"Revised correlation chart of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units in the Pennsylvanian rocks of eastern Kentucky","docAbstract":"This report revises Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1188 (Rice and Smith, 1980). Major revisions to the original correlation chart include formal naming of key marine units in Kentucky and replacement of informally named marine units incorrectly projected into Kentucky from adjacent states. Also included in the report is the proper correlation of some regionally recognized coal bed names that have been incorrectly projected into Kentucky, particularly from Ohio and West Virginia. Besides these additions and corrections, minor changes have been made to the correlation chart, all of which are discussed below in detail. The Pennsylvania rocks of the eastern Kentucky coal field underlie an area of about 27,000 square kilometers (see index map). Largely because of the size and stratigra[hic complexity of the area, Huddle and others (1963, p. 31) divided the coal field into six coal-reserve districts. District boundaries utilize state and county line as well as geologic features, drainage areas, and coal producing areas. Their division is followed herein because, in general, each of the districts has a characteristic stratigraphic nomenclature, particularly with regard to coal bed names. The six districts are the Princess, Licking River, Big Sandy, Hazard, Southwestern, and Upper Cumberland River district is divided into the Middlesboro and Harlan subdistricts. The correlation chart lists most of the stratigraphic units of Pennsylvanian age used in eastern Kentucky, and is concerned principally with coal bed names used in publications since about 1950, especially all of the names of coal beds for which resources and reserves have been calculated. Coal constitutes only a small percentage of the total Pennsylvanian-rock sequence, but is present in as many as 26 major coal zones that have been prospected and mined extensively in all parts of the coal field since the early 1900's. Coal names listed in this chart represent coal beds that have been mined commercially or used locally by residents of the area. Not every coal bed listed under a district in the chart is found in all parts of that district, nor has every coal bed been given a name. For the sake of saving space, coal beds commonly identified as a \"rider\" coal bed (commonly a minor coal or split above the main bed) or as a \"marker\" coal bed (a minor coal below the main bed) are not included in the chart because they do not contribute to the overall stratigraphic framework of the coal field. Most of the stratigraphic units listed in the correlation chart are defined and described in detail in almost 200 geologic reports of the Geologic Quadrangle (GQ) Map Series of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). These maps were published as a result of the cooperative geological mapping program of the USGS and the Kentucky Geological Survey; which was begun in 1960 and was completed in 1978. The GQ maps, at a scale of 1:24,000, describe the lithology and local stratigraphy and identify many coal beds by noth local and regional names. Other sources of stratigraphic information and coal bed names used in the construction of the chart include USGS bulletins dealing with the coal resources of single 7.5-minute quadrangles (Englund, 1955; Adkinson, 1957; Welch, 1958; Bergin, 1962). The coal resources of eastern Kentucky as a whole have been described by Huddle and others (1963) and detailed reports on the stratigraphy and coal resources of significant areas in eastern Kentucky have been made by Huddle and Englund (1966) and Englund (1968). An additional source of coal bed names is the SEAMS database, which is jointly sponsored by the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research, the Kentucky Geological Survey, and the Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals. The SEAMS database identifies the stratigraphic position and location of all coal beds in the eastern and the western Kentucky coal fields as well as those of bordering areas in adjacent states. The databases includes references to all coal-bed names used in Kentucky, especially those shown on coal company mine maps. Local names of coal beds in the database file that are not generally used in publications are listed in table 1 together with their regional equivalents.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2275","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Kentucky, University of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey, Donald C. Haney, Director and State Geologist","usgsCitation":"Rice, C., and Hiett, J.K., 1994, Revised correlation chart of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units in the Pennsylvanian rocks of eastern Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2275, 1 Plate: 41.63 x 39.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2275.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 41.63 x 39.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2275.jpg"},{"id":284469,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2275/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.823611,36.576389 ], [ -83.823611,38.708333 ], [ -82.333333,38.708333 ], [ -82.333333,36.576389 ], [ -83.823611,36.576389 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd70f1e4b0b290851075e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Charles L.","contributorId":61801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Charles L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hiett, John K.","contributorId":39648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiett","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1012838,"text":"1012838 - 1994 - Polar bear maternity denning in the Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T15:15:09.56482","indexId":"1012838","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar bear maternity denning in the Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"The distribution of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) is circumpolar in the Northern Hemisphere, but known locations of maternal dens are concentrated in relatively few, widely scattered locations. Denning is either uncommon or unknown within gaps. To understand effects of industrial development and propose increases in hunting, the temporal and spatial distribution of denning in the Beaufort Sea must be known. We caputred and radiocollared polar bears between 1981 and 1991 and determined tht denning in the Beaufort Sea region was sufficient to account for the estimated population there. Of 90 dens, 48 were on drifting pack ice, 38 on land, and 4 on land-fast ice. The portions of dens on land was higher (P = 0.029) in later compared with earlier years of the study. Bears denning on pack ice drifting as far as 997 km (x = 385 km) while in dens. there was no difference in cub production by bears denning on land and pack ice (P = 0.66). Mean entry and exit dates were 11 November and 5 April for land dens and 22 November and 26 March for pack-ice dens. Female polar bears captured in the Beaufort Sea appeared to be isolated from those caught east of Cape Bathurst in Canada. Of 35 polar bears that denned along the mainland coast of Alaska and Canada 80% denned between 137°00′W and 146°59′W. Bears followed to >1 den did not reuse sites and consecutive dens were 20-1,304 km apart. However radio-collared bears are largely faithful to substrate (pack-ice, land, and land-fast ice) and the general geographic area of previous dens. Bears denning on land may be vunerable to human activities such as hunting and industrial development. However, predictable denning chronology and lack of site fidelity indicate that many potential impacts on denning polar bears could be mitigated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809542","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., and Gardner, C.L., 1994, Polar bear maternity denning in the Beaufort Sea: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809542.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.83984375,\n 67.20403234340081\n ],\n [\n -165.849609375,\n 68.97416358340674\n ],\n [\n -157.32421875,\n 70.8446726342528\n ],\n [\n -137.28515624999997,\n 68.65655498475735\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 68.8159271333607\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 69.28725695167886\n ],\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 73.09941313082075\n ],\n [\n -107.841796875,\n 74.59010800882325\n ],\n [\n -113.203125,\n 73.9710776393399\n ],\n [\n -122.16796875,\n 74.79890566232942\n ],\n [\n -158.291015625,\n 75.58493740869223\n ],\n [\n -163.037109375,\n 73.12494524712693\n ],\n [\n -169.892578125,\n 69.19379976461904\n ],\n [\n -165.146484375,\n 66.37275500247455\n ],\n [\n -158.994140625,\n 65.73062649311031\n ],\n [\n -160.83984375,\n 67.20403234340081\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6849b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Craig L.","contributorId":65259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}