Officials in Oswego County, in north-central New York, have been concerned about potential contamination of community wells. Many of these wells are completed in unconfined glacial sand-and-gravel aquifers, although some are finished in till or in the underlying fractured and jointed bedrock of Late Ordovician and Early Silurian ages. Local shallow ground-water flow is affected by the orientation and hydraulic characteristics of the local topography and surficial sediments, whereas deeper regional flow is toward Lake Ontario. Concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons and tritium in water samples from 28 wells in the county were measured in 1999 for ground-water-age dating; results yield recharge dates ranging from about 1955 to 1994.
\nThe presence of water older than about 15 years in the sand-and-gravel aquifers differs from previous concepts of recharge sources and ground-water movement that were based on numerical modeling of ground-water flow. Young ground water (1 to 5 years old) probably represents recharge from recent precipitation and seepage from streams, whereas the oldest ground water (more than 40 years old) probably is derived from the fractured bedrock that underlies the glacial sediments or has moved along long flow paths in unconsolidated deposits, or through poorly permeable material. Some sand-and-gravel aquifers in Oswego County contain mixtures of old and young water. Wellhead-protection efforts need to focus on protection of the quality of young water in the sand-and-gravel aquifers because young water is more likely to be contaminated than old water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oswego County Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Komor, S., 2001, Ground-water age dating in community wells in Oswego County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-232, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001232.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9818,"rank":98,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0232/ofr20010232.pdf","text":"Report","size":"424 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2001-232"},{"id":322146,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0232/coverthb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80,40 ], [ -80,45 ], [ -72,45 ], [ -72,40 ], [ -80,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180-8349
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Present-day elemental and mineral weathering rates based on solute fluxes are compared quantitatively to past long-term rates determined from solid-state elemental fractionation in a saprolitic granite regolith at Panola, Georgia, USA. Saturated fluid flow across a low-permeability kaolin duripan controls the rate of steady-state unsaturated flow in the underlying saprolite. Water and Cl mass balances and experimental conductivities produce a minimum fluid flux density of 8x10-2 m yr-1 and a fluid residence time of 12 years. Solute Si flux, based on pore water concentrations and infiltration rates, is 27 mmoles yr-1, compared to a long-term flux rate of 17 mmoles yr-1, based on regolith Si loss and reported 36Cl dating of the regolith surface. Similarities in short- and long-term fluxes imply that parameters influencing silicate weathering, including precipitation, temperature, and vegetative cover, while not necessarily constant, have not significantly impacted Si leaching rates during the last several hundred thousand years.
Linear decreases in solid-state Mg with decreasing regolith depth permit the calculation of the long-term biotite weathering rate under isovolumetric steady-state weathering conditions. A rate constant of 3x10-17 moles m-2 s-1 is up to 5 orders of magnitude slower than that reported for experimental dissolution of biotite, implying very different reaction kinetics during natural weathering. Short-term biotite weathering fails to produce expected increases in solute Mg and K concentrations with increasing depth and fluid residence times in the regolith. This discrepancy indicates that ion exchange disequilibrium and open-system biologic uptake in an aggrading forest ecosystem are of sufficient magnitudes to overwhelm solute fluxes resulting from biotite weathering.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Water Resources Publications LLC","isbn":"9781887201339","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., Costa, J.E., Haeni, F., Melcher, N., and Thurman, E., 2001, In search of technologies for monitoring river discharge, p. 203-219.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"219","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melcher, N.B.","contributorId":71554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":58060,"text":"wri014154 - 2001 - Relations for estimating unit-hydrograph parameters in New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:13","indexId":"wri014154","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4154","title":"Relations for estimating unit-hydrograph parameters in New Mexico","docAbstract":"Data collected from 20 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging\r\nstations, most of which were operated in New Mexico between \r\nabout 1969 and 1977, were used to define hydrograph characteristics \r\nfor small New Mexico streams. Drainage areas for the gaging stations\r\nranged from 0.23 to 18.2 square miles. Observed values for \r\nthe hydrograph characteristics were determined for 87 of the most \r\nsignificant rainfall-runoff events at these gaging stations \r\nand were used to define regional regression relations with basin \r\ncharacteristics. Regional relations defined lag time (tl), time \r\nof concentration (tc), and time to peak (tp) as functions of stream \r\nlength and basin shape. The regional equation developed for \r\ntime of concentration for New Mexico agrees well with the Kirpich \r\nequation developed for Tennessee. The Kirpich equation is based on \r\nstream length and channel slope, whereas the New Mexico equation is \r\nbased on stream length and basin shape. Both equations, however, \r\nunderestimate tc when applied to larger basins where tc is greater \r\nthan about 2 hours.\r\n\r\nThe median ratio between tp and tc for the observed data was \r\n0.66, which equals the value (0.67) recommended by the Natural \r\nResources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation \r\nService). However, the median ratio between tl and tc was only \r\n0.42, whereas the commonly used ratio is 0.60.\r\n\r\nA relation also was developed between unit-peak discharge (qu) \r\nand time of concentration. The unit-peak discharge relation is \r\nsimilar in slope to the Natural Resources Conservation Service \r\nequation, but the equation developed for New Mexico in this study \r\nproduces estimates of qu that range from two to three times as \r\nlarge as those estimated from the Natural Resources Conservation \r\nService equation. \r\n\r\nAn average value of 833 was determined for the empirical constant\r\nKp. A default value of 484 has been used by the Natural \r\nResources Conservation Service when site-specific data are not \r\navailable. The use of a lower value of Kp in calculations generally\r\nresults in a lower peak discharge. A relation between the \r\nempirical constant Kp and average channel slope was defined in this \r\nstudy. The predicted Kp values from the equation ranged from 530 \r\nto 964 for the 20 flood-hydrograph gaging stations. The standard \r\nerror of estimate for the equation is 36 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014154","usgsCitation":"Waltemeyer, S.D., 2001, Relations for estimating unit-hydrograph parameters in New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4154, iv, 23 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014154.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247772,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4154/report.pdf","size":"1256","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4154/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d1e4b07f02db54728f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waltemeyer, Scott D.","contributorId":101709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltemeyer","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52930,"text":"ofr01361 - 2001 - Selected hydrologic data for the field demonstration of three permeable reactive barriers near Fry Canyon, Utah, 1996-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T21:54:19.206074","indexId":"ofr01361","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-361","title":"Selected hydrologic data for the field demonstration of three permeable reactive barriers near Fry Canyon, Utah, 1996-2000","docAbstract":"Three permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) were installed near Fry Canyon, Utah, in August 1997 to demonstrate the use of PRBs to control the migration of uranium in ground water. Reactive material included (1) bone-char phosphate, (2) zero-valent iron pellets, and (3) amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide coated gravel. An extensive monitoring network was installed in and around each PRB for collection of water samples, analysis of selected water-quality parameters, and monitoring of water levels. Water temperature, specific conductance, pH, Eh (oxidation-reduction potential), and dissolved oxygen were measured continuously within three different barrier materials, and in two monitoring wells. Water temperature and water level below land surface were electronically recorded every hour with pressure transducers. Data were collected from ground-water monitoring wells installed in and around the PRBs during 1996-98 and from surface-water sites in Fry Creek.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr01361","usgsCitation":"Wilkowske, C.D., Rowland, R.C., and Naftz, D.L., 2001, Selected hydrologic data for the field demonstration of three permeable reactive barriers near Fry Canyon, Utah, 1996-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-361, vii, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01361.","productDescription":"vii, 102 p.","numberOfPages":"111","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5017,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01361/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":407374,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54121.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Fry Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.1578,\n 37.6472\n ],\n [\n -110.1442,\n 37.6472\n ],\n [\n -110.1442,\n 37.6286\n ],\n [\n -110.1578,\n 37.6286\n ],\n [\n -110.1578,\n 37.6472\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8a37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkowske, Chris D.","contributorId":107360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkowske","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, Ryan C. rrowland@usgs.gov","contributorId":3606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Ryan","email":"rrowland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":45091,"text":"wri014179 - 2001 - Apparent chlorofluorocarbon age of ground water of the shallow aquifer system, Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, Yorktown, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T20:18:04.650737","indexId":"wri014179","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4179","title":"Apparent chlorofluorocarbon age of ground water of the shallow aquifer system, Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, Yorktown, Virginia","docAbstract":"Apparent ages of ground water are useful in the analysis of various components of flow systems, and results of this analysis can be incorporated into investigations of potential pathways of contaminant transport. This report presents the results of a study in 1997 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, Base Civil Engineer, Environmental Directorate, to describe the apparent age of ground water of the shallow aquifer system at the Station. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium (3H), dissolved gases, stable isotopes, and water-quality field properties were measured in samples from 14 wells and 16 springs on the Station in March 1997.
Nitrogen-argon recharge temperatures range from 5.9°C to 17.3°C with a median temperature of 10.9°C, which indicates that ground-water recharge predominantly occurs in the cold months of the year. Concentrations of excess air vary depending upon geohydrologic setting (recharge and discharge areas). Apparent ground-water ages using a CFC-based dating technique range from 1 to 48 years with a median age of 10 years. The oldest apparent CFC ages occur in the upper parts of the Yorktown-Eastover aquifer, whereas the youngest apparent ages occur in the Columbia aquifer and the upper parts of the discharge area setting, especially springs. The vertical distribution of apparent CFC ages indicates that groundwater movement between aquifers is somewhat retarded by the leaky confining units, but the elapsed time is relatively short (generally less than 35 years), as evidenced by the presence of CFCs at depth. The identification of binary mixtures by CFC-based dating indicates that convergence of flow lines occurs not only at the actual point of discharge, but also in the subsurface.
The CFC-based recharge dates are consistent with expected 3H concentrations measured in the water samples from the Station. The concentration of 3H in ground water ranges from below the USGS laboratory minimum reporting limit of 0.3 to 15.9 tritium units (TU) with a median value of 10.8 TU. Water-quality field properties are highly variable for ground water with apparent CFC ages less than 15 years because of geochemical processes within local flow systems. Ground water with apparent CFC ages greater than 15 years represents more stable conditions in subregional flow systems.
The range of apparent CFC ages is slightly greater than the ranges in time of travel of ground water calculated for shallow wells (less than 60- feet deep) from flow-path analysis. Calculated travel times to springs can be up to two orders of magnitude greater than the CFC-based apparent ages. Reasonable assumptions of values for hydraulic parameters can result in substantial overestimates for time of travel to springs.
Recharge rates computed from apparent CFC ages range from 0.29 to 0.89 feet per year (ft/ yr) with an average value of 0.54 ft/yr. The analysis of apparent CFC ages in conjunction with geohydrologic data indicates that young water (less than 50 years) is present at depth (nearly 120 feet) and that both local and subregional flow systems occur in the shallow aquifer system at the Station. The addition of the dimension of time to the three-dimensional framework of Brockman and others (1997) will benefit current (2001) and future remediation activities by providing estimates of advective transport rates and how these rates vary depending upon geohydrologic setting and position within the ground-water-flow system. Estimated ground-water apparent ages and recharge rates can be used as calibration criteria in simulations of ground-water flow on the Station to refine and constrain future ground-water-flow models of the shallow aquifer system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, Base Civil Engineer, Environmental Directorate","usgsCitation":"Nelms, D.L., Harlow, G., and Brockman, A., 2001, Apparent chlorofluorocarbon age of ground water of the shallow aquifer system, Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, Yorktown, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4179, v, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014179.","productDescription":"v, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4179/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":341599,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4179/wri20014179.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2001-4179"},{"id":415378,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43638.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Yorktown","otherGeospatial":"Naval Weapons Station Yorktown","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.633,\n 37.273\n ],\n [\n -76.633,\n 37.213\n ],\n [\n -76.527,\n 37.213\n ],\n [\n -76.527,\n 37.273\n ],\n [\n -76.633,\n 37.273\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
The Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas comprises dolomites, limestones, sandstones, and shales of Late Cambrian to Middle Devonian age, and ranges in thickness from approximately 1,100 feet to more than 4,000 feet. Hydrologically, the aquifer is complex, characterized by disconnected and extensive flow components with large variations in permeability.
\nThe potentiometric-surface map, based on 84 well and 6 spring water-level measurements collected in 2001 in Arkansas, indicates maximum water-level altitudes of about 1,359 feet in Carroll County and minimum water-level altitudes of about 241 feet in Randolph County. Regionally, the flow within the aquifer is to the south and southeast in the eastern and central part of the study area and to the northwest and north in the western part of the study area. Comparing the 2001 potentiometric-surface map with a predevelopment potentiometric-surface map indicates general agreement between the two surfaces. Potentiometric-surface differences could be attributed to differences in pumping related to changing population from 1990 to 2000.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Little Rock, AR","doi":"10.3133/wri014233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission and the Arkansas Geological Commission","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T.P., 2001, Potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4233, Report: iii, 11 p.; Plate: 16.33 x 9.72 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014233.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 11 p.; Plate: 16.33 x 9.72 inches","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286656,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4233/report.pdf"},{"id":286654,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4233/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.6179,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,36.4997 ], [ -89.6468,36.4997 ], [ -89.6468,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,33.0041 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c47b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, Tony P. tpschrad@usgs.gov","contributorId":3027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Tony","email":"tpschrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45118,"text":"wri20014098 - 2001 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory - Determination of moderate-use pesticides and selected degradates in water by C-18 solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-03T15:11:49.864378","indexId":"wri20014098","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4098","displayTitle":"Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory - Determination of Moderate-Use Pesticides and Selected Degradates in Water by C-18 Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory - Determination of moderate-use pesticides and selected degradates in water by C-18 solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A method for the isolation and analysis of 21 parent pesticides and 20 pesticide degradates in natural-water samples is described. Water samples are filtered to remove suspended particulate matter and then are pumped through disposable solid-phase-extraction columns that contain octadecyl-bonded porous silica to extract the analytes. The columns are dried by using nitrogen gas, and adsorbed analytes are eluted with ethyl acetate. Extracted analytes are determined by capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring of three characteristic ions. The upper concentration limit is 2 micrograms per liter (µg/L) for most analytes. Single-operator method detection limits in reagent-water samples range from 0.00 1 to 0.057 µg/L. Validation data also are presented for 14 parent pesticides and 20 degradates that were determined to have greater bias or variability, or shorter holding times than the other compounds. The estimated maximum holding time for analytes in pesticide-grade water before extraction was 4 days. The estimated maximum holding time for analytes after extraction on the dry solid-phase-extraction columns was 7 days. An optional on-site extraction procedure allows for samples to be collected and processed at remote sites where it is difficult to ship samples to the laboratory within the recommended pre-extraction holding time. The method complements existing U.S. Geological Survey Method O-1126-95 (NWQL Schedules 2001 and 2010) by using identical sample preparation and comparable instrument analytical conditions so that sample extracts can be analyzed by either method to expand the range of analytes determined from one water sample.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014098","usgsCitation":"Sandstrom, M.W., Stroppel, M.E., Foreman, W., and Schroeder, M.P., 2001, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory - Determination of moderate-use pesticides and selected degradates in water by C-18 solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4098, vii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014098.","productDescription":"vii, 70 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135053,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4098/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":360774,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4098/wrir014098.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4098"}],"contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bb0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stroppel, Max E.","contributorId":30088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroppel","given":"Max","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":231149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroeder, Michael P.","contributorId":103303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":45115,"text":"wri014070 - 2001 - Interaction of surface water and ground water in the Dutch Flats area, western Nebraska, 1995-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:13:33","indexId":"wri014070","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4070","title":"Interaction of surface water and ground water in the Dutch Flats area, western Nebraska, 1995-99","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014070","usgsCitation":"Verstraeten, I., Steele, G.V., Cannia, J.C., Hitch, D., Scripter, K., Böhlke, J., Kraemer, T.F., and Stanton, J., 2001, Interaction of surface water and ground water in the Dutch Flats area, western Nebraska, 1995-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4070, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014070.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":82268,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4070/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Scotts Bluff County","otherGeospatial":"Dutch Flats","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-103.3605,42.0037],[-103.361,41.7442],[-103.3684,41.744],[-103.3681,41.7004],[-103.3681,41.6986],[-104.0522,41.6975],[-104.0522,41.7004],[-104.0525,41.998],[-104.0525,42.0024],[-103.9858,42.0018],[-103.8697,42.0021],[-103.6367,42.0025],[-103.5162,42.0027],[-103.3995,42.004],[-103.3605,42.0037]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Scotts Bluff\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0dc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M.","contributorId":61033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steele, G. V.","contributorId":62543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannia, J. C.","contributorId":105258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hitch, D.E.","contributorId":72425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitch","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scripter, K.G.","contributorId":59865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scripter","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stanton, J.S.","contributorId":15243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":45113,"text":"wri014039 - 2001 - Simulated response of the Sparta Aquifer to outcrop area recharge augmentation, southeastern Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T09:13:18","indexId":"wri014039","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4039","title":"Simulated response of the Sparta Aquifer to outcrop area recharge augmentation, southeastern Arkansas","docAbstract":"Recharge augmentation by construction of infiltration impoundments is a potential means of increasing aquifer water levels and aquifer yield that is under consideration for the Sparta aquifer in southeastern Arkansas. The aquifer is a major water resource for municipal, industrial, and agricultural uses, and approximately 287 million gallons per day was pumped from the aquifer in Arkansas in 1995; this is double the amount pumped in 1975. Historically, the Sparta aquifer has provided abundant water of high quality. In recent years, however, the demand for water in some areas has resulted in withdrawals from the Sparta that significantly exceed recharge to the aquifer, and considerable declines have occurred in the potentiometric surface. To better manage the Sparta aquifer, water users in Arkansas are evaluating and implementing a variety of management practices and assessing alternative, surface-water sources to reduce stress upon the Sparta aquifer. One approach to managing and maximizing use of the Sparta aquifer is augmenting recharge to the aquifer by construction of infiltration lakes or canals within the recharge area. The basic concept of augmented recharge is simply to increase the amount of water being introduced into the aquifer so that more water will be available for use. Ground-water flow model simulations were conducted to assess the effectiveness of constructing lakes or canals to augment recharge. Results show that construction of five new lakes in the Sparta recharge area upgradient from major pumping centers or construction of a series of canals along the length of the recharge area yield notable benefit to aquifer conditions when compared with simulations entailing no augmentation of recharge. Augmentation of recharge in the Sparta aquifer with emplacement of lakes provides slight increase to aquifer water levels. The presence of the lakes increased simulated aquifer water levels 0.5 foot or more across a broad area comprising all or a substantial part of 19 counties after the 30-year simulation period. Substantial increases of 5 feet or greater are limited to a smaller area proximal to the lakes. Increases of 5 feet or more are seen in El Dorado, Pine Bluff, and Stuttgart. The positive effect of the lakes on aquifer water levels is rapidly realized after emplacement of the lakes. For example, in the El Dorado area more than 3 feet of a total of 8 feet of water-level increase is seen in the first 5 years of the simulation; in the Pine Bluff area 9 feet of a total of 16 feet of increase occurs within 5 years. Sustainable yield from the aquifer could be expected to be increased within the zone of influence of the lakes. Augmentation of recharge in the Sparta aquifer with emplacement of canals provides considerable increase of aquifer water levels. The zone of influence in the aquifer with canal-augmented recharge extends from the recharge area eastward to the Mississippi River. Aquifer water levels exhibit an increase of 5 feet or more across a broad area comprising all or a substantial part of 15 counties. Increases of 20 feet or more are seen in El Dorado, Pine Bluff, and Stuttgart. The amount of water moving into the aquifer is substantially increased under this scenario, and the amount of water removed from storage is decreased, thereby, increasing aquifer conditions considerably. Sustainable yield from the aquifer could be expected to be greater within the zone of influence of the canals as compared to either the scenario without recharge augmentation or recharge augmentation with lakes. The effect of the canal on aquifer water levels is rapidly realized after emplacement of the canals. For example, in the El Dorado area, 22 feet of a total of 30 feet of increase is seen in the first 5 years of the simulation; in the Pine Bluff area, 15 feet of a total of 24 feet of increase occurs within 5 years. As constructed, the model simulations imply that any lakes or canals constructed would maintain exce
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014039","usgsCitation":"Hays, P.D., 2001, Simulated response of the Sparta Aquifer to outcrop area recharge augmentation, southeastern Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4039, Report: iii, 14 p.; 2 Plates: 16.80 x 15.40 inches and 16.79 x 15.36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014039.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 14 p.; 2 Plates: 16.80 x 15.40 inches and 16.79 x 15.36 inches","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014039.jpg"},{"id":310323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4039/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310324,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4039/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310325,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4039/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.41748046874999,\n 34.90395296559004\n ],\n [\n -92.92236328125,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -93.812255859375,\n 34.288991865037524\n ],\n [\n -94.02099609375,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -93.97705078125,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 32.99945000822839\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 33.128351191631566\n ],\n [\n -90.94482421875,\n 33.99802726234877\n ],\n [\n -90.71411132812499,\n 34.20725938207231\n ],\n [\n -90.362548828125,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -90.41748046874999,\n 34.90395296559004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hays, Phillip D. 0000-0001-5491-9272 pdhays@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-9272","contributorId":4145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Phillip","email":"pdhays@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45103,"text":"wri004155 - 2001 - Hydrogeology and water quality of five principal aquifers in the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District, eastern Nebraska, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:43","indexId":"wri004155","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4155","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of five principal aquifers in the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District, eastern Nebraska, 1994","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District, conducted a hydrogeologic and water-quality reconnaissance study of the five principal aquifers in deposits of Quaternary age in the Natural Resources District. The purpose of the study was to delineate the approximate extent of the aquifers, to estimate volumes of drainable water in three aquifers, to provide information that could be useful in designing future ground-water-quality monitoring, and to determine baseline\r\nwater-quality conditions in the aquifers, focusing on nitrate concentrations.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe approximate lateral boundaries of the Dwight-Valparaiso, Crete-Princeton-Adams, and Waverly aquifers were defined as areas in which the thickness of continuous sand and gravel deposits was less than 40 feet. The three aquifers were determined to contain about 1,340,000; 1,540,000; and 172,000 acre-feet of drainable water, respectively, assuming a specific yield of 0.20.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDuring the summer of 1994, ground-water samples were collected from 46 wells in the five aquifers and analyzed for nitrate and screened for triazine herbicides. Additionally, water samples from 39 of these wells were analyzed for major ions, iron, and manganese, and 35 were analyzed for radon.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nWater-quality analyses revealed that the water in the five aquifers had specific conductances that ranged from 399 to 2,040 micro-siemens per centimeter and was a calcium-carbonate to calcium-magnesium-sodium carbonate type. The most mineralized water samples were from the Crete-Princeton-Adams aquifer, which contained a median concentration of dissolved solids of 520 milligrams per liter. Concentrations of nitrate in water samples from the aquifers ranged from less than 0.05 to 23 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, and only six water samples exceeded the Maximum Contaminant Level established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of 10 milligrams per liter. The median concentration of radon for water samples from the five aquifers was 300 picocuries per liter, which is the proposed Maximum Contaminant Level. Water samples from the Crete-Princeton-Adams and Waverly aquifers had the largest concentrations of radon among the five aquifers. The Crete-Princeton-Adams aquifer had a median concentration of 440 picocuries per liter, and the Waverly aquifer had a median concentration of 390 picocuries per liter. Herbicides were detected in water from only six wells, which were in four of the five aquifers. Atrazine, metabolites of atrazine, metolachlor, and metribuzin were detected in concentrations generally less than 1.00 microgram per liter.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004155","usgsCitation":"Druliner, A., and Mason, J.P., 2001, Hydrogeology and water quality of five principal aquifers in the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District, eastern Nebraska, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4155, iv, 45 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004155.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3941,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004155/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":171370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6251f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Druliner, A.D.","contributorId":8842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druliner","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason, J. P.","contributorId":27491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"J.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":45110,"text":"wri014029 - 2001 - Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of the Piney Point-Nanjemoy and Aquia aquifers, Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster outlying field, St. Marys County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T22:00:57.039822","indexId":"wri014029","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4029","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of the Piney Point-Nanjemoy and Aquia aquifers, Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster outlying field, St. Marys County, Maryland","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014029","usgsCitation":"Klohe, C.A., and Feehley, C.E., 2001, Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of the Piney Point-Nanjemoy and Aquia aquifers, Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster outlying field, St. Marys County, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4029, v, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014029.","productDescription":"v, 51 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122016,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2001_4029.jpg"},{"id":411528,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_40667.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3944,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster outlying field, Piney Point-Nanjemoy and Aquia aquifers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.465,\n 38.308\n ],\n [\n -76.465,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -76.382,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -76.382,\n 38.308\n ],\n [\n -76.465,\n 38.308\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62564b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klohe, Cheryl A.","contributorId":54275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klohe","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feehley, C. Erin","contributorId":15888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feehley","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Erin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":45105,"text":"wri20004243 - 2001 - Numerical Simulation of Ground-Water Flow and Assessment of the Effects of Artificial Recharge in the Rialto-Colton Basin, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"wri20004243","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4243","title":"Numerical Simulation of Ground-Water Flow and Assessment of the Effects of Artificial Recharge in the Rialto-Colton Basin, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The Rialto?Colton Basin, in western San Bernardino County, California, was chosen for storage of imported water because of the good quality of native ground water, the known storage capacity for additional ground-water storage in the basin, and the availability of imported water. To supplement native ground-water resources and offset overdraft conditions in the basin during dry periods, artificial-recharge operations during wet periods in the Rialto?Colton Basin were begun in 1982 to store surplus imported water. Local water purveyors recognized that determining the movement and ultimate disposition of the artificially recharged imported water would require a better understanding of the ground-water flow system.\r\n\r\nIn this study, a finite-difference model was used to simulate ground-water flow in the Rialto?Colton Basin to gain a better understanding of the ground-water flow system and to evaluate the hydraulic effects of artificial recharge of imported water. The ground-water basin was simulated as four horizontal layers representing the river- channel deposits and the upper, middle, and lower water-bearing units. Several flow barriers bordering and internal to the Rialto?Colton Basin influence the direction of ground-water flow. Ground water may flow relatively unrestricted in the shallow parts of the flow system; however, the faults generally become more restrictive at depth. A particle-tracking model was used to simulate advective transport of imported water within the ground-water flow system and to evaluate three artificial-recharge alternatives.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water flow model was calibrated to transient conditions for 1945?96. Initial conditions for the transient-state simulation were established by using 1945 recharge and discharge rates, and assuming no change in storage in the basin. Average hydrologic conditions for 1945?96 were used for the predictive simulations (1997?2027). Ground-water-level measurements made during 1945 were used for comparison with the initial-conditions simulation to determine if there was a reasonable match, and thus reasonable starting heads, for the transient simulation. The comparison between simulated head and measured water levels indicates that, overall, the simulated heads match measured water levels well; the goodness-of-fit value is 0.99. The largest differences between simulated head and measured water level occurred between Barrier H and the Rialto?Colton Fault. Simulated heads near the Santa Ana River and Warm Creek, and simulated heads northwest of Barrier J, generally are within 30 feet of measured water levels and five are within 20 feet.\r\n\r\nModel-simulated heads were compared with measured long-term changes in hydrographs of composite water levels in selected wells, and with measured short-term changes in hydrographs of water levels in multiple-depth observation wells installed for this project. Simulated hydraulic heads generally matched measured water levels in wells northwest of Barrier J (in the northwestern part of the basin) and in the central part of the basin during 1945?96. In addition, the model adequately simulated water levels in the southeastern part of the basin near the Santa Ana River and Warm Creek and east of an unnamed fault that subparallels the San Jacinto Fault. Simulated heads and measured water levels in the central part of the basin generally are within 10 feet until about 1982?85 when differences become greater. In the northwestern part of the basin southeast of Barrier J, simulated heads were as much as 50 feet higher than measured water levels during 1945?82 but matched measured water levels well after 1982. In the compartment between Barrier H and the Rialto?Colton Fault, simulated heads match well during 1945?82 but are comparatively low during 1982?96. Near the Santa Ana River and Warm Creek, simulated heads generally rose above measured water levels except during 1965?72 when simulated heads compared well with measured water levels.\r\n\r\nAverage ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20004243","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District","usgsCitation":"Woolfenden, L.R., and Koczot, K.M., 2001, Numerical Simulation of Ground-Water Flow and Assessment of the Effects of Artificial Recharge in the Rialto-Colton Basin, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4243, viii, 148 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004243.","productDescription":"viii, 148 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":172271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10735,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004243/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.5,34 ], [ -117.5,34.25 ], [ -117.16666666666667,34.25 ], [ -117.16666666666667,34 ], [ -117.5,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6968d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woolfenden, Linda R. 0000-0003-3500-4709 lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":1476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"Linda","email":"lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koczot, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-5728-9798 kmkoczot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-9798","contributorId":2039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koczot","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmkoczot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":45106,"text":"wri004255 - 2001 - Comparison of U.S. Geological Survey and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency fish-collection methods using the index of biotic integrity and modified index of well-being, 1996–97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-21T16:03:04","indexId":"wri004255","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000–4255","displayTitle":"Comparison of U.S. Geological Survey and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Fish-Collection Methods Using the Index of Biotic Integrity and Modified Index of Well-Being, 1996–97","title":"Comparison of U.S. Geological Survey and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency fish-collection methods using the index of biotic integrity and modified index of well-being, 1996–97","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) collected data on fish from 10 stream sites in 1996 and 3 stream sites in 1997 as part of a comparative study of fish community assessment methods. The sites sampled represent a wide range of basin sizes (ranging from 132–6,330 square kilometers) and surrounding land-use types (urban, agricultural, and mixed). Each agency used its own fish-sampling protocol. Using the Index of Biotic Integrity and Modified Index of Well-Being, differences between data sets were tested for significance by means of the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test (α = 0.05). Results showed that the median of Index of Biotic Integrity differences between data sets was not significantly different from zero (p = 0.2521); however, the same statistical test showed the median differences in the Modified Index of Well-Being scores to be significantly different from zero (p = 0.0158). The differences observed in the Index of Biotic Integrity scores are likely due to natural variability, increased variability at sites with degraded water quality, differences in sampling methods, and low-end adjustments in the Index of Biotic Integrity calculation when fewer than 50 fish were collected. The Modified Index ofWell-Being scores calculated by OEPA were significantly higher than those calculated by the USGS. This finding was attributed to the comparatively large numbers and biomass of fish collected by the OEPA. By combining the two indices and viewing them in terms of the percentage attainment of Ohio Warmwater Habitat criteria, the two agencies’ data seemed comparable, although the Index of Biotic Integrity scores were more similar than the Modified Index of Well-Being scores.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004255","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Covert, S., 2001, Comparison of U.S. Geological Survey and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency fish-collection methods using the index of biotic integrity and modified index of well-being, 1996–97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000–4255, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004255.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3943,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4255/wri20004255.pdf","text":"Report","size":"675 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4255"},{"id":172272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4255/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.70458984375,\n 40.83043687764923\n ],\n [\n -78.37646484375,\n 40.83043687764923\n ],\n [\n -78.37646484375,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -84.70458984375,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -84.70458984375,\n 40.83043687764923\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229-1737
Data collected at three sites in Currituck Sound and three tributary sites between March 1, 1998, and February 28, 1999, were used to describe hydrologic and salinity characteristics of Currituck Sound. Water levels and salinity were measured at West Neck Creek at Pungo and at Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal near Princess Anne in Virginia, and at Coinjock, Bell Island, Poplar Branch, and Point Harbor in North Carolina. Flow velocity also was measured at the West Neck Creek and Coinjock sites.
The maximum water-level range during the study period was observed near the lower midpoint of Currituck Sound at Poplar Branch. Generally, water levels at all sites were highest during March and April, and lowest during November and December. Winds from the south typically produced higher water levels in Currituck Sound, whereas winds from the north typically produced lower water levels. Although wind over Currituck Sound is associated with fluctuations in water level within the sound, other mechanisms, such as the effects of wind on Albemarle Sound and on other water bodies south of Currituck Sound, likely affect low-frequency water-level variations in Currituck Sound.
Flow in West Neck Creek ranged from 313 cubic feet per second to the south to -227 cubic feet per second to the north (negative indicates flow to the north). Flow at the Coinjock site ranged from 15,300 cubic feet per second to the south to -11,700 cubic feet per second to the north. Flow was to the south 68 percent of the time at the West Neck Creek site and 44 percent of the time at the Coinjock site. Daily flow volumes were calculated as the sum of the instantaneous flow volumes. The West Neck Creek site had a cumulative flow volume to the south of 7.69 x 108 cubic feet for the period March 1, 1998, to February 28, 1999; the Coinjock site had a cumulative flow volume to the north of -1.33 x 1010 cubic feet for the same study period.
Wind direction and speed influence flow at the West Neck Creek and Coinjock sites, whereas precipitation alone has little effect on flow at these sites. Flow at the West Neck Creek site is semidiurnal but is affected by wind direction and speed. Flow to the south (positive flow) was associated with wind speeds averaging more than 15 miles per hour from the northwest; flow to the north (negative flow) was associated with wind speeds averaging more than 15 miles per hour from the south and southwest. Flow at the Coinjock site reacted in a more unpredictable manner and was not affected by winds or tides in the same manner as West Neck Creek, with few tidal characteristics evident in the record.
Throughout the study period, maximum salinity exceeded 3.5 parts per thousand at all sites; however, mean and median salinities were below 3.5 parts per thousand at all sites except the Point Harbor site (3.6 and 4.2 parts per thousand, respectively) at the southern end of the sound. Salinities were less than or equal to 3.5 parts per thousand nearly 100 percent of the time at the Bell Island and Poplar Branch sites in Currituck Sound and about 86 percent of the time at the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal site north of the sound. Salinity at the West Neck Creek and Coinjock sites was less than or equal to 3.5 parts per thousand about 82 percent of the time.
During this study, prevailing winds from the north were associated with flow to the south and tended to increase salinity at the West Neck Creek and the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal sites. Conversely, these same winds tended to decrease salinity at the other sites. Prevailing winds from the south and southwest were associated with flow to the north and tended to increase salinity at the Poplar Branch and Point Harbor sites in Currituck Sound and at the Coinjock site, but these same winds tended to decrease salinity at the West Neck Creek and the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal sites. The greatest variations in salinity were observed at the northernmost site, West Neck Creek, and thesouthernmost site, Point Harbor. The least variation in salinity was observed at the upper midpoint of the sound at the Bell Island site.
Daily salt loads were computed for 364 days at the West Neck Creek site and 348 days at the Coinjock site from March 1, 1998, to February 28, 1999. The cumulative salt load at West Neck Creek was 28,170 tons to the south, and the cumulative salt load at the Coinjock site was -872,750 tons to the north.
The cumulative salt load passing the West Neck Creek site during the study period would be 0.01 part per thousand if uniformly distributed throughout the sound (approximately 489,600 acre-feet in North Carolina). If the cumulative salt load passing the Coinjock site were uniformly distributed throughout the sound, the salinity in the sound would be 0.32 part per thousand. The net transport at the West Neck Creek and Coinjock sites indicates inflow of salt into the sound. A constant inflow of freshwater from tributaries and ground-water sources also occurs; however, the net flow volumes from these freshwater sources are not documented, and the significance of these freshwater inflows toward diluting the net import of salt into the sound is beyond the scope of this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014097","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Division of Water Resources and the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, W.S., 2001, Hydrologic and salinity characteristics of Currituck Sound and selected tributaries in North Carolina and Virginia, 1998–99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4097, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014097.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414753,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39866.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4097/wri20014097.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4097"},{"id":168827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4097/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Currituck Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.48406982421875,\n 35.88682489453265\n ],\n [\n -76.48406982421875,\n 37.02886944696474\n ],\n [\n -75.54473876953125,\n 37.02886944696474\n ],\n [\n -75.54473876953125,\n 35.88682489453265\n ],\n [\n -76.48406982421875,\n 35.88682489453265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
Sea level, current velocity, water temperature, salinity (computed from conductivity and temperature), and suspended-solids data collected in Suisun Bay, California, from May 30, 1995, through October 27, 1995, by the U.S. Geological Survey are documented in this report. Data were collected concurrently at 21 sites. Various parameters were measured at each site. Velocity-profile data were collected at 6 sites, single-point velocity measurements were made at 9 sites, salinity data were collected at 20 sites, and suspended-solids concentrations were measured at 10 sites. Sea-level and velocity data are presented in three forms; harmonic analysis results; time-series plots (sea level, current speed, and current direction versus time); and time-series plots of low-pass-filtered time series. Temperature, salinity, and suspended-solids data are presented as plots of raw and low-pass-filtered time series.The velocity and salinity data presented in this report document a period when the residual current patterns and salt field were transitioning from a freshwater-inflow-dominated condition towards a quasi steady-state summer condition when density-driven circulation and tidal nonlinearities became relatively more important as long-term transport mechanisms. Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta outflow was high prior to and during this study, so the tidally averaged salinities were abnormally low for this time of year. For example, the tidally averaged salinities varied from 0-12 at Martinez, the western border of Suisun Bay, to a maximum of 2 at Mallard Island, the eastern border of Suisun Bay. Even though salinities increased overall in Suisun Bay during the study period, the near-bed residual currents primarily were directed seaward. Therefore, salinity intrusion through Suisun Bay towards the Delta primarily was accomplished in the absence of the tidally averaged, two-layer flow known as gravitational circulation where, by definition, the net currents are landward at the bed. The Folsom Dam spillway gate failure on July 17, 1995, was analyzed to determine the effect on the hydrodynamics of Suisun Bay. The peak flow of the American River reached roughly 1,000 cubic meters per second as a result of the failure, which is relatively small. This was roughly 15 percent of the approximate 7,000 cubic meters per second tidal flows that occur daily in Suisun Bay and was likely attenuated greatly. Based on analysis of tidally averaged near-bed salinity and depth-averaged currents after the failure, the effect was essentially nonexistent and is indistinguishable from the natural variability.
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014086","usgsCitation":"Cuetara, J.I., Burau, J.R., and Schoellhamer, D., 2001, Hydrodynamic and suspended-solids concentration measurements in Suisun Bay, California, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4086, 221 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014086.","productDescription":"221 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3946,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014086","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48bce4b07f02db538b7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuetara, Jay I.","contributorId":65449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuetara","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":45114,"text":"wri014067 - 2001 - Pesticides in streams in the Tar-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina, 1992–94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T22:13:07.462087","indexId":"wri014067","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4067","title":"Pesticides in streams in the Tar-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina, 1992–94","docAbstract":"From 1992 to 1994, 147 water samples were collected at 5 sites in the Tar-Pamlico drainage basin in North Carolina and analyzed for 46 herbicides, insecticides, and pesticide metabolites as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Based on a common adjusted detection limit of 0.01 microgram per liter, the most frequently detected herbicides were metolachlor (84 percent), atrazine (78 percent), alachlor (72 percent), and prometon (57 percent). The insecticides detected most frequently were carbaryl (12 percent), carbofuran (7 percent), and diazinon (4 percent). Although the pesticides with the highest estimated uses generally were the compounds detected most frequently, there was not a strong correlation between estimated use and detection frequency. The development of statistical correlations between pesticide use and detection frequency was limited by the lack of information on pesticides commonly applied in urban and agricultural areas, such as prometon, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon, and the small number of basins included in this study. For example, prometon had the fourth highest detection frequency, but use information was not available. Nevertheless, the high detection frequency of prometon indicates that nonagricultural uses also contribute to pesticide levels in streams in the Tar-Pamlico drainage basin.
Concentrations of the herbicides atrazine, alachlor, and trifluralin varied seasonally, with elevated concentrations generally occurring in the spring, during and immediately following application periods, and in the summer. Seasonal concentration patterns were less evident for prometon, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos. Alachlor is the only pesticide detected in concentrations that exceeded current (2000) drinking-water standards.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014067","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Woodside, M., and Ruhl, K.E., 2001, Pesticides in streams in the Tar-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina, 1992–94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4067, vi, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014067.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394630,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39177.htm"},{"id":353433,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4067/wri20014067.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4067"},{"id":171289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4067/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Tar-Pamlico drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.01141357421875,\n 35.149108698601644\n ],\n [\n -76.904296875,\n 35.092945313732635\n ],\n [\n -76.64886474609375,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 35.08845057036537\n ],\n [\n -76.47033691406249,\n 35.14237113713991\n ],\n [\n -76.453857421875,\n 35.23664622093193\n ],\n [\n -76.3165283203125,\n 35.27253175660236\n ],\n [\n -76.0528564453125,\n 35.348735749472546\n ],\n [\n -75.9429931640625,\n 35.420391545750746\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 35.51434313431818\n ],\n [\n -76.146240234375,\n 35.661759419295045\n ],\n [\n -76.52252197265625,\n 35.68630240145625\n ],\n [\n -76.761474609375,\n 35.679609609368576\n ],\n [\n -76.9097900390625,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -76.8878173828125,\n 35.93798832265393\n ],\n [\n -77.0086669921875,\n 36.10237644873642\n ],\n [\n -77.200927734375,\n 36.217687122250574\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 36.213255233061844\n ],\n [\n -77.43713378906249,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -77.47558593749999,\n 36.359374956015856\n ],\n [\n -77.794189453125,\n 36.416862115300304\n ],\n [\n -78.01391601562499,\n 36.45221769643571\n ],\n [\n -78.1732177734375,\n 36.46988944681576\n ],\n [\n -78.3160400390625,\n 36.45221769643571\n ],\n [\n -78.387451171875,\n 36.41244153535644\n ],\n [\n -78.4259033203125,\n 36.32397712011264\n ],\n [\n -78.5797119140625,\n 36.266421331439375\n ],\n [\n -78.7994384765625,\n 36.26199220445664\n ],\n [\n -78.804931640625,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -77.01141357421875,\n 35.149108698601644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210