Industrial activities beginning in the early 1940s resulted in extensive contamination of ground water near the Tucson International Airport, Tucson, Arizona, including an area around Air Force Plant 44, an industrial facility located on land owned by the U.S. Air Force and operated by a defense contractor. Principal ground-water contaminants are volatile organic compounds, primarily trichloroethylene (also called trichloroethene) and 1,1-dichloroethylene (also called 1,1-dichloroethene). A ground- water reclamation system was put into operation in 1987 to extract and treat contaminated ground water at Air Force Plant 44 and the downgradient area that is south of Los Reales Road. The ground- water reclamation system consists of 25 extraction wells, 22 recharge wells, and a water-treatment facility. Soil-vapor extraction techniques are being used to remove volatile organic compounds from the unsaturated zone. More than 120,000 pounds of volatile organic compounds have been removed from the regional aquifer and overlying unsaturated zone at Air Force Plant 44 and adjacent downgradient areas south of Los Reales Road. Air Force Plant 44 and adjacent areas being remediated by the ground-water reclamation system are about 7 square miles.
\nTo assess ground-water cleanup progress at Air Force Plant 44 and surrounding areas south of Los Reales Road, and possibly to identify areas that are resistant to cleanup attempts, ground-water samples were collected and analyzed after water levels had returned to near-equilibrium conditions following a 3-week shutdown of extraction and recharge wells. Modifications of the standard ground-water sampling procedures used at the site also were tested. The modifications included tests of a reduced-flow purging and sampling method in six monitoring wells and vertical- profile sampling in five extraction wells at the reclamation well field.
\nThe water treatment facility and all extraction and recharge wells at the reclamation well field were shut down on April 15, 1999, and water levels were allowed to recover for about 3 weeks before samples of ground water were obtained from 102 wells at Air Force Plant 44 and surrounding areas. Concentrations of trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene were determined for samples obtained during the sitewide sampling effort. Data for 101 wells sampled in February 1999 before shutdown were compared with data obtained for wells sampled in May 1999 after shutdown. Concentrations of trichloroethylene increased in 36 wells, remained the same in 32 wells, and decreased in 33 wells. Increases in concentrations of trichloroethylene of as much as 1,476 micrograms per liter and decreases of as much as 2,292 micrograms per liter were reported after shutdown. Concentrations of trichloroethylene remained the same for the two sampling periods in wells that had concentrations that were at, or close to, the lower reporting limit (0.5 micrograms per liter) before shutdown. Net change in concentrations of trichloroethylene after shutdown on a percentage basis ranged from an increase of 1,300 percent to a decrease of 100 percent. Increases in concentrations of 1,1-dichloroethylene after shutdown of the reclamation well field of as much as 66 micrograms per liter and decreases of as much as 411.6 micro- grams per liter were reported. Concentrations of 1,1-dichloroethylene remained the same for the two sampling periods in wells that had concentrations that were at, or close to, the lower reporting limit (0.5 micrograms per liter) before shutdown. Net change in concentrations of 1,1-dichloroethylene after shutdown on a percentage basis ranged from an increase of 660 percent to a decrease of 100 percent.
\nData obtained from the water samples indicate\nthat the largest changes in concentrations of\ntrichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene\noccurred in samples collected from wells\ncompleted in the upper zone of the regional\naquifer, along the axis of the contaminant plume,\nin close proximity to previously identified\nhistorical disposal areas. Changes in contaminant\nconcentrations observed after shutdown of the well\nfield probably were the result of changes in\nground-water flow directions under nonpumping\nconditions compared with those present when the\nextraction and recharge wells were operating.\nMinimal changes occurred at the perimeter of the\nplume, which suggests that operation of the\nreclamation well field has been successful at containing the spread of the plume. New\ncontaminant-source areas were not identified\nwithin the perimeter of the plume.
\nA modification of the standard sampling\ntechnique used at Air Force Plant 44 was tested in\nsix wells. In these wells, greatly reduced flow rates\nwere used for well purging and sampling. Results\nindicate no distinct pattern of change of\ncontaminant concentrations compared with\nconcentrations in samples subsequently obtained\nusing the standard technique, and no advantage\nwas evident for using this method in routine\nsampling of the monitoring wells at Air Force\nPlant 44.
\nTemperature profiles obtained before vertical-profile\nsampling of selected wells indicate little\ntemperature variation with depth. The\ntemperature-profile information suggests that\nunder nonpumping conditions, most of the water\nenters these wells near the top of the screened\ninterval and moves downward in response to a\nhydraulic gradient in the regional aquifer. Samples\nat depths below the top of the screened interval\nprobably do not accurately represent water from\nthe adjacent sediments.
\nVertical-profile samples were obtained in five\nwells and analyzed for concentrations of\ntrichloroethylene. None of the wells showed large\nenough variation of contaminant concentrations\nwith depth to indicate that a major improvement in\nextraction efficiency could be obtained by\npumping selectively from a restricted interval.\nThe largest variation in concentrations of\ntrichloroethylene with depth that was observed\nranged from 62 micrograms per liter near the top\nof the screened interval to 42 micrograms per liter\nnear the bottom of the screened interval of one of\nthe wells. The lack of large variation is probably\nthe result of downward water flow in the casing of\nthese wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri014177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force","usgsCitation":"Graham, D., Allen, T., Barackman, M., DiGuiseppi, W., and Wallace, M., 2001, Trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene concentrations in ground water after temporary shutdown of the reclamation well field at Air Force Plant 44, Tucson, Arizona, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4177, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014177.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288416,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4177/report.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tucson","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.25,31.75 ], [ -111.25,32.5 ], [ -110.5,32.5 ], [ -110.5,31.75 ], [ -111.25,31.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697a46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, D. D.","contributorId":68314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, T.J.","contributorId":35650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barackman, M.L.","contributorId":94590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barackman","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiGuiseppi, W.H.","contributorId":42136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGuiseppi","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallace, M.F.","contributorId":85883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":33050,"text":"wri014021 - 2001 - Benthic invertebrate communities and their responses to selected environmental factors in the Kanawha River basin, West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T16:30:07","indexId":"wri014021","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4021","title":"Benthic invertebrate communities and their responses to selected environmental factors in the Kanawha River basin, West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina","docAbstract":"The effects of selected environmental factors on the composition and structure of benthic invertebrate communities in the Kanawha River Basin of West Virginia, Virginia and North Carolina were investigated in 1997 and 1998. Environmental factors investigated include physiography, land-use pattern, streamwater chemistry, streambed- sediment chemistry, and habitat characteristics. Land-use patterns investigated include coal mining, agriculture, and low intensity rural-residential patterns, at four main stem and seven tributary sites throughout the basin. Of the 37 sites sampled, basin size and physiography most strongly affected benthic invertebrate-community structure. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nLand-use practices also affected invertebrate community structure in these basins. The basins that differed most from the minimally affected reference condition were those basins in which coal mining was the dominant nonforest land use, as determined by comparing invertebrate- community metric values among sites. Basins in which agriculture was important were more similar to the reference condition.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe effect of coal mining upon benthic invertebrate communities was further studied at 29 sites and the relations among invertebrate communities and the selected environmental factors of land use, streamwater chemistry, streambed- sediment chemistry, and habitat characteristics analyzed. Division of coal-mining synoptic-survey sites based on invertebrate-community composition resulted in two groups?one with more than an average production of 9,000 tons of coal per square mile per year since 1980, and one with lesser or no recent coal production. The group with significant recent coal production showed higher levels of community impairment than the group with little or no recent coal production. Median particle size of streambed sediment, and specific conductance and sulfate concentration of streamwater were most strongly correlated with effects on invertebrate communities. These characteristics were related to mining intensity, as measured by thousands of tons of coal produced per square mile of drainage area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014021","usgsCitation":"Chambers, D., and Messinger, T., 2001, Benthic invertebrate communities and their responses to selected environmental factors in the Kanawha River basin, West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4021, 52 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014021.","productDescription":"52 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3228,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014021","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Kanawha River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.66412353515624,\n 36.58465761247166\n ],\n [\n -81.69158935546872,\n 36.50522086338419\n ],\n [\n -81.71356201171871,\n 36.461054075054285\n ],\n [\n -81.71905517578122,\n 36.37264499608113\n ],\n [\n -81.75750732421872,\n 36.33282808737917\n ],\n [\n -81.86187744140621,\n 36.33725319397\n ],\n [\n -81.94976806640622,\n 36.24870331653195\n ],\n [\n -81.91680908203122,\n 36.04465753921517\n ],\n [\n -81.91680908203121,\n 35.99134096063533\n ],\n [\n -81.80419921875,\n 35.94243575255426\n ],\n [\n -81.49932861328122,\n 36.02244668175846\n ],\n [\n -81.28509521484371,\n 36.12012758978141\n ],\n [\n -80.87310791015622,\n 36.27527883184333\n ],\n [\n -80.57098388671871,\n 36.319551259461136\n ],\n [\n -80.22491455078121,\n 36.56701205642335\n ],\n [\n -80.08758544921871,\n 36.78729146681996\n ],\n [\n -80.2166748046875,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -80.21667480468749,\n 37.34395908944488\n ],\n [\n -80.3265380859375,\n 37.39634613318923\n ],\n [\n -80.33752441406249,\n 37.505368263398104\n ],\n [\n -80.01617431640622,\n 37.58376576718621\n ],\n [\n -79.65362548828122,\n 37.6533832012876\n ],\n [\n -79.0960693359375,\n 38.843986129756615\n ],\n [\n -79.2333984375,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -79.28283691406249,\n 38.89530825492018\n ],\n [\n -79.33776855468749,\n 38.886757140695906\n ],\n [\n -79.48059082031249,\n 38.87392853923626\n ],\n [\n -79.6453857421875,\n 38.60828592850559\n ],\n [\n -79.7772216796875,\n 38.60828592850559\n ],\n [\n -79.86785888671871,\n 38.74551518488262\n ],\n [\n -79.96124267578122,\n 38.886757140695906\n ],\n [\n -80.013427734375,\n 38.950865400919966\n ],\n [\n -80.15624999999999,\n 38.98076276501627\n ],\n [\n -80.38146972656249,\n 38.865374851611634\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 38.972221948536514\n ],\n [\n -81.05712890624997,\n 38.94659331893374\n ],\n [\n -81.27136230468749,\n 38.80547022317744\n ],\n [\n -81.70806884765622,\n 38.8953082549201\n ],\n [\n -81.87011718749999,\n 39.00744617666479\n ],\n [\n -82.15850830078124,\n 39.01384869832166\n ],\n [\n -82.28210449218746,\n 38.86644411885281\n ],\n [\n -82.03765869140622,\n 38.43207668538202\n ],\n [\n -82.04864501953121,\n 38.15615696992489\n ],\n [\n -81.68609619140622,\n 38.06971703320479\n ],\n [\n -81.65313720703122,\n 37.8791893148165\n ],\n [\n -81.37847900390621,\n 37.58376576718621\n ],\n [\n -81.64215087890622,\n 37.461778479617436\n ],\n [\n -81.76300048828122,\n 37.22595454983964\n ],\n [\n -81.31256103515622,\n 37.07709319175436\n ],\n [\n -81.23565673828122,\n 36.88401445049671\n ],\n [\n -81.45538330078121,\n 36.664012698841624\n ],\n [\n -81.60919189453122,\n 36.6111183849416\n ],\n [\n -81.66412353515624,\n 36.58465761247166\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625f2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, Douglas B. 0000-0002-5275-5427 dbchambe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-5427","contributorId":2520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Douglas B.","email":"dbchambe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Messinger, Terence 0000-0003-4084-9298 tmessing@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-9298","contributorId":2717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messinger","given":"Terence","email":"tmessing@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33049,"text":"wri004276 - 2001 - Use of advanced borehole geophysical techniques to delineate fractured-rock ground-water flow and fractures along water-tunnel facilities in northern Queens County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T12:01:14","indexId":"wri004276","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4276","title":"Use of advanced borehole geophysical techniques to delineate fractured-rock ground-water flow and fractures along water-tunnel facilities in northern Queens County, New York","docAbstract":"Advanced borehole geophysical methods were used to assess the geohydrology of crystalline bedrock along the course of a new water tunnel for New York City. The logging methods include natural gamma, spontaneous potential, single-point resistance, mechanical and acoustic caliper, focused electromagnetic induction, electromagnetic resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, borehole-fluid temperature and conductance, differential temperature, heat-pulse flowmeter, acoustic televiewer, borehole deviation, optical televiewer, and borehole radar. Integrated interpretation of the geophysical logs from an 825-foot borehole (1) provided information on the extent, orientation, and structure (foliation and fractures) within the entire borehole, including intensely fractured intervals from which core recovery may be poor; (2) delineated transmissive fracture zones intersected by the borehole and provided estimates of their transmissivity and hydraulic head; and (3) enabled mapping of the location and orientation of structures at distances as much as 100 ft from the borehole.
Analyses of the borehole-wall image and the geophysical logs from the borehole on Crescent Street, in northern Queens County, are presented here to illustrate the application of the methods. The borehole penetrates gneiss and other crystalline bedrock that has predominantly southeastward dipping foliation and nearly horizontal and southeastward-dipping fractures. The heat-pulse flowmeter logs obtained under pumping and nonpumping conditions, together with the other geophysical logs, indicate five transmissive fracture zones. More than 90 percent of the open-hole transmissivity is associated with a fracture zone 272 feet BLS (below land surface). A transmissive zone at 787 feet BLS that consists of nearly parallel fractures lies within the projected tunnel path; here the hydraulic head is 12 to 15 feet lower than that of transmissive zones above the 315-foot depth. The 60-megahertz directional borehole radar logs indicate the location and orientation of two closely spaced radar reflectors that would intersect the projection of the borehole below its drilled depth.
Subsequent excavation of the tunnel past the borehole allowed comparison of the log analysis with conditions observed in the tunnel. The tunnel was found to intersect gneiss with southeastward dipping foliation; many nearly horizontal fractures; and a southeastward dipping fracture zone whose location, character, and orientation was consistent with that of the mapped radar reflectors. The fracture zone produced inflow to the tunnel at a rate of 50 to 100 gallons per minute. All conditions indicated by the logging methods were consistent with those observed within the tunnel.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004276","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Chu, A., Lange, A., Paillet, F.L., Williams, J., and Lane, J., 2001, Use of advanced borehole geophysical techniques to delineate fractured-rock ground-water flow and fractures along water-tunnel facilities in northern Queens County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4276, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004276.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324258,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4276/wri20004276.pdf","text":"Report","size":"781 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4276"},{"id":124978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4276/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Queens County","otherGeospatial":"Crescent Street Borehole","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.94343852996826,\n 40.74802100224012\n ],\n [\n -73.9384388923645,\n 40.74802100224012\n ],\n [\n -73.9384388923645,\n 40.752857005669206\n ],\n [\n -73.94343852996826,\n 40.752857005669206\n ],\n [\n -73.94343852996826,\n 40.74802100224012\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
In 1998 the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Trinity River Authority, did a study to estimate storm-runoff pollutant loads using two models—a deterministic model and a statistical model; the estimated loads were compared to loads computed from measured data for a large (118,000 acres) basin in the Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas, metropolitan area. Loads were computed and estimated for 12 properties and constituents in runoff from two 1997 storms at streamflow-gaging station 08048543 West Fork Trinity River at Beach Street in Fort Worth. Each model uses rainfall as a primary variable to estimate pollutant load. In addition to using point rainfall at the Beach Street station to estimate pollutant loads, areal-averaged rainfall for the basin was computed to obtain a more representative estimate of rainfall over the basin. Loads estimated by the models for the two storms, using both point and areal-averaged rainfall, generally did not compare closely to computed loads for the 12 water-quality properties and constituents. Both models overestimated loads more frequently than they underestimated loads. The models tended to yield similar estimates for the same property or constituent. In general, areal-averaged rainfall data yielded better estimates of loads than point rainfall data for both models. Neither the deterministic model nor the statistical model (both using areal-averaged rainfall) was consistently better at estimating loads. Several factors could account for the inability of the models to estimate loads closer to computed loads. Chief among them is the fact that neither model was designed for the specific application of this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014253","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Trinity River Authority","usgsCitation":"McKee, P.W., and McWreath, H.C., 2001, Computed and estimated pollutant loads, West Fork Trinity River, Fort Worth, Texas, 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4253, HTML Document; Report: iii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014253.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iii, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014253.JPG"},{"id":3203,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri01-4253/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333147,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4253/pdf/wri01-4253.pdf","text":"Report","size":"506 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Fort Worth","otherGeospatial":"West Fork Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.70166015624999,\n 33.23868752757414\n ],\n [\n -96.866455078125,\n 33.22949814144951\n ],\n [\n -97.13012695312499,\n 33.03169299978312\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -96.5,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -96.5423583984375,\n 33.215712251730736\n ],\n [\n -96.70166015624999,\n 33.23868752757414\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7ef2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Paul W.","contributorId":88792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McWreath, Harry C.","contributorId":87022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWreath","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33031,"text":"wri014238 - 2001 - Chemical and biological indicators of nutrient enrichment in the Yellowstone River basin, Montana and Wyoming, August 2000: Study design and preliminary results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-27T22:24:44.273281","indexId":"wri014238","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4238","title":"Chemical and biological indicators of nutrient enrichment in the Yellowstone River basin, Montana and Wyoming, August 2000: Study design and preliminary results","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014238","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.A., Porter, S.D., and Kinsey, S.M., 2001, Chemical and biological indicators of nutrient enrichment in the Yellowstone River basin, Montana and Wyoming, August 2000: Study design and preliminary results: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4238, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014238.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395025,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49738.htm"},{"id":3202,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014238","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"3745000","country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.8333,\n 44.7167\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 44.7167\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 47.6833\n ],\n [\n -110.8333,\n 47.6833\n ],\n [\n -110.8333,\n 44.7167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. A.","contributorId":6453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, S. D.","contributorId":8882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kinsey, S. M.","contributorId":27743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinsey","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32968,"text":"ofr2001259 - 2001 - Methodology and significance of studies of atmospheric deposition in highway runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:44:36","indexId":"ofr2001259","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-259","title":"Methodology and significance of studies of atmospheric deposition in highway runoff","docAbstract":"Atmospheric deposition and the processes that are involved in causing and altering atmospheric deposition in relation to highway surfaces and runoff were evaluated nationwide. Wet deposition is more easily monitored than dry deposition, and data on wet deposition are available for major elements and water properties (constituents affecting acid deposition) from the inter-agency National Atmospheric Deposition Program/ National Trends Network (NADP/NTN). Many trace constituents (metals and organic compounds) of interest in highway runoff loads, however, are not included in the NADP/NTN. Dry deposition, which constitutes a large part of total atmospheric deposition for many constituents in highway runoff loads, is difficult to monitor accurately. Dry-deposition rates are not widely available.
Many of the highway-runoff investigations that have addressed atmospheric-deposition sources have had flawed investigative designs or problems with methodology. Some results may be incorrect because of reliance on time-aggregated data collected during a period of changing atmospheric emissions. None of the investigations used methods that could accurately quantify the part of highway runoff load that can be attributed to ambient atmospheric deposition. Lack of information about accurate ambient deposition rates and runoff loads was part of the problem. Samples collected to compute the rates and loads were collected without clean-sampling methods or sampler protocols, and without quality-assurance procedures that could validate the data. Massbudget calculations comparing deposition and runoff did not consider loss of deposited material during on-highway processing. Loss of deposited particles from highway travel lanes could be large, as has been determined in labeled particle studies, because of resuspension caused by turbulence from passing traffic. Although a cause of resuspension of large particles, traffic turbulence may increase the rate of deposition for small particles and gases by impaction, especially during precipitation periods.
Ultimately, traffic and road maintenance may be determined to be the source of many constituents measured in highway runoff previously attributed to ambient atmospheric deposition. An investigative design using tracers of ambient deposition that are not present in highway traffic sources could determine conclusively what fraction of highway runoff load is contributed by ambient atmospheric deposition.
This report presents the results of a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation to describe the hydrology, sediment transport, and sediment deposition along a selected reach of Long Branch Creek in Macon County, Missouri. The study was designed to investigate spatial and temporal characteristics of sediment deposition in a remnant forested riparian area and compare these factors by magnitude of discharge events both within and outside the measured range of flood magnitudes.
The two-dimensional finite-element numerical models RMA2-WES and SED2D-WES were used in conjunction with measured data to simulate streamflow and sediment transport/deposition characteristics during 2-, 5-, 10-, and 25-year recurrence interval floods. Spatial analysis of simulated sediment deposition results indicated that mean deposition in oxbows and secondary channels exceeded that of the remaining floodplain areas during the 2-, 5-, 10-, and 25-year recurrence interval floods. The simulated mass deposition per area for oxbows and secondary channels was 1.1 to 1.4 centimeters per square meter compared with 0.1 to 0.60 centimeters per square meter for the remaining floodplain.
The temporal variability of total incremental floodplain deposition during a flood was found to be strongly tied to sediment inflow concentrations. Most floodplain deposition, therefore, occurred at the beginning of the streamflow events and corresponded to peaks in sediment discharge. Simulated total sediment deposition in oxbows and secondary channels increased in the 2-year through 10-year floods and decreased in the 25- year flood while remaining floodplain deposition was highest for the 25-year flood.
Despite increases in sediment inflows from the 2-year through 25-year floods, the retention ratio of sediments (the ratio of floodplain deposition to inflow load) was greatest for the 5-year flood and least for the 25-year flood. The decrease in retention ratio at greater flows is likely the result of higher velocities on the floodplain, resulting in higher bed shear stress, greater suspension time of deposited material, and greater sediment transport through the system.
Simulated sediment deposition was most sensitive to sediment inflow concentrations and modification of floodplain roughness—factors that can be controlled through management practices. The increase in floodplain sediment deposition resulting from a simulated increase in vegetation density (increase in floodplain roughness from a Manning's n of 0.11 to 0.12) was 142,000 kilograms, or 6.5 percent for a 10-year recurrence interval flood. This increase was comparable to total oxbow and secondary channel deposition mass in the simulations, but would result in a mean increase in floodplain deposition thickness of only 0.025 centimeter.
The hydrodynamic model results show the importance of the secondary channels and meander cutoff channels in this system because these areas quickly bring floodwaters and sediment to areas not close to the main channel. The meander cutoff channels in the simulation also effectively decrease flow and velocities in some main channel sections thereby affecting sediment deposition in the vicinity of these features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014269","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., 2001, Numerical simulation of streamflow distribution, sediment transport, and sediment deposition along Long Beach Creek in Northeast Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4269, Report: vi, 61 p.; Films, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014269.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 61 p.; Films","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400788,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51426.htm"},{"id":360438,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4269/Films","text":"Films","description":"WRIR 2001–4269 Films"},{"id":360437,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4269/wrir20014269.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2001–4269"},{"id":164388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4269/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Long Branch Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.4944,\n 39.8833\n ],\n [\n -92.4833,\n 39.8833\n ],\n [\n -92.4833,\n 39.8722\n ],\n [\n -92.4944,\n 39.8722\n ],\n [\n -92.4944,\n 39.8833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
Tampa Bay and its environs have experienced phenomenal urban growth and significant changes in land cover and land-use practices over the past 50 years. This trend is expected to continue, with the impact of human activity broadening geographically and intensifying throughout the region.
One of the immediate impacts of urban growth is the creation of additional impervious surfaces, which in turn, generate increased urban runoff that contributes to higher levels of nutrient loading in water bodies throughout the area.
To better understand these and other anthropogenic affects on the ecology of the natural environment of the region, this component of the Tampa Bay Pilot Study took a broad basin-wide view. This regional view was intended to provide geographic and temporal context for the smaller intensely studied sample field site locations within the estuarine environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01398","usgsCitation":"Crane, M., Yates, K., Clark, R., Gesch, D., Hess, K., Koehmstedt, J., Milbert, D., Parker, B., Sechrist, D., Tilley, J., and Wilson, R., 2001, Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study: Baseline mapping, land surface dynamics and predictive modeling, and hazards vulnerability studies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-398, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01398.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3336,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gulfsci.usgs.gov/tampabay/reports/ofrcrane/index.html ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686d11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crane, Michael","contributorId":92307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yates, Kimberly","contributorId":70427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Robert","contributorId":40471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gesch, Dean 0000-0002-8992-4933","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":87098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":208380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hess, Kurt","contributorId":48026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koehmstedt, John","contributorId":36800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehmstedt","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Milbert, Dennis","contributorId":25034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milbert","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Parker, Bruce","contributorId":47236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sechrist, Dan","contributorId":40851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sechrist","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tilley, Janet","contributorId":54849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilley","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wilson, Robert","contributorId":99425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":32354,"text":"ofr01412B - 2001 - Respuesta a los desprendimientos de tierra ocasionados por las lluvias torrenciales del Huracan Mitch en siete areas de estudio de Nicaragua [Landslide response to Hurricane Mitch rainfall in seven study areas in Nicaragua]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:11","indexId":"ofr01412B","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-412","chapter":"B","title":"Respuesta a los desprendimientos de tierra ocasionados por las lluvias torrenciales del Huracan Mitch en siete areas de estudio de Nicaragua [Landslide response to Hurricane Mitch rainfall in seven study areas in Nicaragua]","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01412B","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Haller, K., Ekstrom, I., Schweig, E.S., Devoli, G., Moore, D., Rafferty, S.A., and Tarr, A.C., 2001, Respuesta a los desprendimientos de tierra ocasionados por las lluvias torrenciales del Huracan Mitch en siete areas de estudio de Nicaragua [Landslide response to Hurricane Mitch rainfall in seven study areas in Nicaragua] (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-412, 19 p., 7 over-size sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01412B.","productDescription":"19 p., 7 over-size sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3338,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0412-b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4784e4b07f02db483d19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haller, Kathleen M. haller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haller","given":"Kathleen M.","email":"haller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":208388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ekstrom, Ingrid","contributorId":87183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekstrom","given":"Ingrid","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schweig, Eugene S. 0000-0003-3669-9741 schweig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-9741","contributorId":1271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweig","given":"Eugene","email":"schweig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Devoli, Graziella","contributorId":86002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devoli","given":"Graziella","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moore, David W.","contributorId":63835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rafferty, Sharon A.","contributorId":33360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":208389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":32355,"text":"ofr2001438 - 2001 - Raster images of geologic maps of Middle Proterozoic Belt strata in parts of Benewah, Bonner, Kootenai and Shoshone Counties, Idaho and Lincoln, Mineral and Sanders Counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T20:29:17.040475","indexId":"ofr2001438","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-438","title":"Raster images of geologic maps of Middle Proterozoic Belt strata in parts of Benewah, Bonner, Kootenai and Shoshone Counties, Idaho and Lincoln, Mineral and Sanders Counties, Montana","docAbstract":"Geologic maps of the western part of the Belt Basin of western Montana and northern Idaho were converted into digital raster (TIFF image) format to facilitate their manipulation in geographic information systems. The 85-mile x 100-mile map area mostly contains rocks belonging to the lower and middle Belt Supergroup. The area is of interest as these Middle Proterozoic strata contain vein-type lead-zinc-silver deposits in the Coeur d?Alene Mining District in the St. Regis and Revett formations and strata-bound copper-silver deposits, such as the Troy mine, within the Revett Formation. The Prichard Formation is also prospective for strata-bound lead-zinc deposits because equivalent Belt strata in southern British Columbia, Canada host the Sullivan lead-zinc deposit.\r\n\r\n\r\nMap data converted to digital images include 13 geological maps at scales ranging from 1:48,000 to 1:12,000. Geologic map images produced from these maps by color scanning were registered to grid tick coverages in a Universal Transverse Mercator (North American Datum of 1927, zone 11) projection using ArcView Image Analysis. Geo-registering errors vary from 10 ft to 114 ft.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001438","usgsCitation":"Boleneus, D.E., Appelgate, L.M., Joseph, N.L., and Brandt, T.R., 2001, Raster images of geologic maps of Middle Proterozoic Belt strata in parts of Benewah, Bonner, Kootenai and Shoshone Counties, Idaho and Lincoln, Mineral and Sanders Counties, Montana (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-438, Report: 25 p.; 15 Figures: 11.19 x 7.56 inches or smaller; GIS Files; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001438.","productDescription":"Report: 25 p.; 15 Figures: 11.19 x 7.56 inches or smaller; GIS Files; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438880,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FIFJI5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"GIS Data for Geologic Maps of Ravalli Group and other Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup Strata Based on Mapping by ASARCO in Northern Idaho and Northwestern Montana"},{"id":161021,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11435,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-438/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110294,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51540.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"51540"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","county":"Benewah County, Bonner County, Kootenai County, Lincoln County, Mineral County, Sanders County, Shoshone County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.7433,\n 48.6903\n ],\n [\n -116.7433,\n 47.2222\n ],\n [\n -114.725,\n 47.2222\n ],\n [\n -114.725,\n 48.6903\n ],\n [\n -116.7433,\n 48.6903\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648baf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boleneus, David E.","contributorId":87167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boleneus","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Appelgate, Larry M.","contributorId":50945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appelgate","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joseph, Nancy L.","contributorId":100436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":32350,"text":"ofr01390 - 2001 - Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study: wetland characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T13:34:48","indexId":"ofr01390","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-390","title":"Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study: wetland characterization","docAbstract":"Coastal wetlands in Tampa Bay consist of mangrove forest and tidal salt marsh. Wetlands buffer storm surges, provide fish and wildlife habitat, and enhance water quality through the removal of water-borne nutrients and contaminants. Substantial areas of both mangrove and salt marsh have been lost to agricultural, residential and industrial development in this urban estuary.
Wetlands restoration has been initiated in Tampa Bay. Baseline studies on the current condition of wetlands and historical and prehistorical information is needed for successful restoration planning and evaluation.
A major objective of this component of the Tampa Bay pilot program was to characterize wetlands in Tampa Bay beginning with areas that differ in their degree of human-induced disturbance (Fig. 1).
The Alafia River area is urbanized, industrialized and dredged, whereas the Terra Ceia area has a history of agricultural use with associated soil berms and mosquito ditches, but has not been farmed for at least 20 years (Fig. 2).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01390","usgsCitation":"McIvor, C.C., Raabe, E., Yates, K., Carter, B., Crane, M., Fernandez, M., Henningsen, B., Kruse, S., Oches, R., Proffitt, E., Runnels, R., Shrestha, R., Smith, T., and Travis, S., 2001, Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study: wetland characterization: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-390, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01390.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3334,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gulfsci.usgs.gov/tampabay/reports/ofrmcivor/index.html ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686de1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIvor, Carole C.","contributorId":73254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raabe, Ellen","contributorId":98402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raabe","given":"Ellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yates, Kimberly","contributorId":70427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, Bill","contributorId":14865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crane, Mike","contributorId":99824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fernandez, Mario","contributorId":100846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Mario","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Henningsen, Brandt","contributorId":95756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henningsen","given":"Brandt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kruse, Sara","contributorId":42836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Oches, Rich","contributorId":82972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oches","given":"Rich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Proffitt, Ed","contributorId":16704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"Ed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Runnels, Randy","contributorId":32399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runnels","given":"Randy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Shrestha, Ramesh","contributorId":100437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Ramesh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Smith, Tom","contributorId":7387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Travis, Steve","contributorId":52449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travis","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":32349,"text":"ofr01389 - 2001 - Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study: data information management system (DIMS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:11","indexId":"ofr01389","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-389","title":"Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study: data information management system (DIMS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01389","usgsCitation":"Johnston, J., Yates, K., Bourgeois, P., Burdick, D., Giattina, J., Greening, H., Koenig, R., Norris, H., and Wilson, S., 2001, Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study: data information management system (DIMS): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-389, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01389.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3333,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gulfsci.usgs.gov/tampabay/reports/ofrdims/index.html ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa39f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, Jimmy","contributorId":75978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Jimmy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yates, Kimberly","contributorId":70427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bourgeois, Pete","contributorId":53005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourgeois","given":"Pete","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burdick, Diane","contributorId":52621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Diane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giattina, Jim","contributorId":19988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giattina","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greening, Holly","contributorId":64299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greening","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koenig, Renee","contributorId":39831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Renee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Norris, Henry","contributorId":85234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wilson, Scott 0000-0001-8055-8618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8055-8618","contributorId":93103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":208347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":32347,"text":"ofr01387 - 2001 - Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study Digital Library","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:11","indexId":"ofr01387","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-387","title":"Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study Digital Library","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01387","usgsCitation":"Johnston, J., Yates, K., Wilson, S., and Cretini, C., 2001, Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study Digital Library: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-387, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01387.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3331,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gulfsci.usgs.gov/tampabay/reports/ofrdl/pdf_dl.html ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686e0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, Jimmy","contributorId":75978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Jimmy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yates, Kimberly","contributorId":70427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Scott 0000-0001-8055-8618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8055-8618","contributorId":93103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":208334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cretini, Chris 0000-0002-0821-7832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-7832","contributorId":71224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cretini","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":208332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":32359,"text":"ofr01505 - 2001 - Calculating depths to shallow magnetic sources using aeromagnetic data from the Tucson Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T15:05:53.193733","indexId":"ofr01505","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-505","title":"Calculating depths to shallow magnetic sources using aeromagnetic data from the Tucson Basin","docAbstract":"Using gridded high-resolution aeromagnetic data, the performance of several automated 3-D depth-to-source methods was evaluated over shallow control sources based on how close their depth estimates came to the actual depths to the tops of the sources. For all three control sources, only the simple analytic signal method, the local wavenumber method applied to the vertical integral of the magnetic field, and the horizontal gradient method applied to the pseudo-gravity field provided median depth estimates that were close (-11% to +14% error) to the actual depths. Careful attention to data processing was required in order to calculate a sufficient number of depth estimates and to reduce the occurrence of false depth estimates. For example, to eliminate sampling bias, high-frequency noise and interference from deeper sources, it was necessary to filter the data before calculating derivative grids and subsequent depth estimates. To obtain smooth spatial derivative grids using finite differences, the data had to be gridded at intervals less than one percent of the anomaly wavelength. Before finding peak values in the derived signal grids, it was necessary to remove calculation noise by applying a low-pass filter in the grid-line directions and to re-grid at an interval that enabled the search window to encompass only the peaks of interest. Using the methods that worked best over the control sources, depth estimates over geologic sites of interest suggested the possible occurrence of volcanics nearly 170 meters beneath a city landfill. Also, a throw of around 2 kilometers was determined for a detachment fault that has a displacement of roughly 6 kilometers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01505","usgsCitation":"Casto, D.W., 2001, Calculating depths to shallow magnetic sources using aeromagnetic data from the Tucson Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-505, 231 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01505.","productDescription":"231 p.","numberOfPages":"232","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01505.jpg"},{"id":283182,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0505/pdf/of01-505.pdf"},{"id":3342,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0505/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Tucson Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0,31.5 ], [ -111.0,32.5 ], [ -110.0,32.5 ], [ -110.0,31.5 ], [ -111.0,31.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691f29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casto, Daniel W.","contributorId":59487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casto","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32357,"text":"ofr01461 - 2001 - Map and data for Quaternary faults and folds in Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:11","indexId":"ofr01461","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-461","title":"Map and data for Quaternary faults and folds in Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01461","usgsCitation":"Machette, M., Pierce, K.L., McCalpin, J.P., Haller, K., and Dart, R.L., 2001, Map and data for Quaternary faults and folds in Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-461, 154 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:750,000 (1 inch = about 12 miles), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01461.","productDescription":"154 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:750,000 (1 inch = about 12 miles)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110292,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51521.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"51521"},{"id":161287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3340,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0461/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"750000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649e3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machette, Michael N.","contributorId":28963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCalpin, James P.","contributorId":18418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCalpin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haller, Kathleen M. haller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haller","given":"Kathleen M.","email":"haller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":208401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":208400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":33057,"text":"wri20014117 - 2001 - Effects of land use and travel time on the distribution of nitrate in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in southern New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T16:30:26","indexId":"wri20014117","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4117","displayTitle":"Effects of Land Use and Travel Time on the Distribution of Nitrate in the Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer System in Southern New Jersey","title":"Effects of land use and travel time on the distribution of nitrate in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in southern New Jersey","docAbstract":"Residents of the southern New Jersey Coastal Plain are increasingly reliant on the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system for public water supply as a result of increasing population and restrictions on withdrawals from the deeper, confined aquifers. Elevated nitrate concentrations above background levels have been found in wells in the surficial aquifer system in agricultural and urban parts of this area. A three-dimensional steady-state ground-water-flow model of a 400-square-mile study area near Glassboro, New Jersey, was used in conjunction with particle tracking to examine the effects of land use and travel time on the distribution of nitrate in ground and surface water in southern New Jersey. Contributing areas and ground-water ages, or travel times, of water at ground-water discharge points (streams and wells) in the study area were simulated. Concentrations of nitrate were computed by linking land use and age-dependent nitrate concentrations in recharge to the discharge points. Median concentrations of nitrate in water samples collected during 1996 from shallow monitoring wells in different land-use areas were used to represent the concentration of nitrate in aquifer recharge since 1990. On the basis of upward trends in the use of nitrogen fertilizer, the concentrations of nitrate in aquifer recharge in agricultural and urban areas were assumed to have increased linearly from the background value in 1940 (0.07 mg/L as N) to the 1990 (2.5-14 mg/L as N) concentrations. Model performance was evaluated by comparing the simulation results to measured nitrate concentrations and apparent ground-water ages. Apparent ground-water ages at 32 monitoring wells in the study area determined from tritium/helium-3 ratios and sulfur hexafluoride concentrations favorably matched simulated travel times to these wells. Simulated nitrate concentrations were comparable to concentrations measured in 27 water-supply wells in the study area. A time series (1987-98) of nitrate concentrations at base-flow conditions in three streams that drain basins of various sizes and with various land uses was compared to simulated concentrations in these streams. In all three of the streams, a reasonable fit to the measured concentrations was achieved by multiplying the simulated concentration by 0.6. Because nitrate appeared to move conservatively (not degraded or adsorbed) in ground water to wells, the apparent non-conservative behavior in streams indicates that about 40 percent of the nitrate in aquifer recharge is removed by denitrification in the aquifer near the streams and (or) by in-stream processes. The model was used to evaluate the effects of various nitrate management options on the concentration of nitrate in streams and water-supply wells. Nitrate concentrations were simulated under the following management alternatives: an immediate ban on nitrate input, reduction of input at a constant rate, and fixed input at the current (2000) level. The time required for water to move through the aquifer results in a time lag between the reduction of nitrate input in recharge and the reduction of nitrate concentration in streams and wells. In the gradual-reduction alternative, nitrate concentrations in streams and wells continued to increase for several years after the reduction was enacted. In both the immediate-ban and gradual-reduction alternatives, nitrate concentrations remained elevated above background concentrations long after nitrate input ceased. In the fixed-use alternative, concentrations in streams and wells continued to increase for 30 to 40 years before reaching a constant level. The spatial distributions of simulated nitrate concentrations in streams in 2000 and 2050 were examined with the assumption of no change in land use, nitrate concentration in recharge, or ground-water withdrawals. As expected, nitrate concentrations were highest in agricultural areas and lowest in largely undeveloped areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014117","usgsCitation":"Kauffman, L.J., Baehr, A.L., Ayers, M.A., and Stackelberg, P.E., 2001, Effects of land use and travel time on the distribution of nitrate in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in southern New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4117, vii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014117.","productDescription":"vii, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11816,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,38.5 ], [ -76,40.5 ], [ -73.5,40.5 ], [ -73.5,38.5 ], [ -76,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6250e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362 lkauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":1094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"lkauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":32351,"text":"ofr01397 - 2001 - Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study; hydrographic and sub-surface mapping and sediment transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:11","indexId":"ofr01397","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-397","title":"Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study; hydrographic and sub-surface mapping and sediment transport modeling","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01397","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M., Yates, K., Brock, J., Brooks, G., Carlson, P., Carter, B., Hill, G., Luther, M., Shrestha, R., and Wright, W., 2001, Tampa Bay Integrated Science Pilot Study; hydrographic and sub-surface mapping and sediment transport modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-397, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01397.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3335,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gulfsci.usgs.gov/tampabay/reports/ofrhansen/index.html ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686c4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Mark","contributorId":81893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yates, Kimberly","contributorId":70427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brock, John","contributorId":39011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Gregg R.","contributorId":95112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooks","given":"Gregg R.","affiliations":[{"id":7149,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":208369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carlson, Paul","contributorId":52234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carter, Bill","contributorId":14865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hill, Gary","contributorId":62261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Luther, Mark","contributorId":54259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luther","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shrestha, Ramesh","contributorId":100437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Ramesh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wright, Wayne","contributorId":96212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ]}