The surficial geologic map of lower Comb Wash was produced as part of a master’s thesis for Northern Arizona University Quaternary Sciences program. The map area includes the portion of the Comb Wash alluvial valley between Highway 163 and Highway 95 on the Colorado Plateau in southeastern Utah. The late Quaternary geology of this part of the Colorado Plateau had not previously been mapped in adequate detail. The geologic information in this report will be useful for biological studies, land management and range management for federal, state and private industries.
\nComb Wash is a south flowing ephemeral tributary of the San Juan River, flanked to the east by Comb Ridge and to the west by Cedar Mesa (Figure 1). The nearest settlement is Bluff, about 7 km to the east of the area. Elevations range from 1951 m where Highway 95 crosses Comb Wash to 1291 m at the confluence with the San Juan River. Primary vehicle access to lower Comb Wash is provided by a well-maintained dirt road that parallels the active channel of Comb Wash between Highway 163 and Highway 95. For much of the year this road can be traversed without the aid of four-wheel drive. However, during inclement weather such as rain or snow the road becomes treacherous even with four-wheel drive. The Comb Wash watershed is public land managed by the Bureau of Land management (BLM) office in Monticello, Utah.
\nThe semi-arid climate of Comb Wash and the surrounding area is typical of the Great Basin Desert. Temperature in Bluff, Utah ranges from a minimum of –8° C in January to a maximum of 35° C in July with a mean annual temperature of 9.8° C (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1999). The difference between day and nighttime temperatures is as great as 20° C. Between 1928 and 1998, annual rainfall in Bluff averaged 178 mm per year (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1999). Annual rainfall in Comb Wash averaged 240 mm per year from 1991 to 1999 while Bluff received an average of 193 mm for the same 8 year period. Most precipitation is monsoonal, convective storms that bring moisture from the Gulf of Mexico beginning in early July and ending by October. Large frontal storms during December and January are responsible for most winter precipitation (Figure 2). The record from U.S. Geological Survey gauging station number 09379000 operated by the BLM from 1959 through 1968 indicates that Comb Wash flows in direct response to precipitation events. Most daily discharge and peak events occur in late July through September, coinciding with high intensity monsoon thunderstorms.
\nComb Wash supports a variety of vegetation typical of the Great Basin Desert and the northern desert shrub zone as described by Fowler and Koch (1982). On the lower alluvial terraces, bushes and shrubs dominate the vegetation, including: sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata), rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), winterfat (Eurotia lanata), greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus), and shadscale (Atriplex concertifolia). Juniper trees (Juniperus osteosperma) can be found on the rocky colluvial slopes near Comb Ridge and on the higher terrace near Cedar Mesa. The floodplain contains an abundance of riparian vegetation including cottonwood (Populus fremontii), willow (Salix exigua), and tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima). Tamarisk is one of 7 non-native species present in the lower Comb Wash watershed.
\nAt least seven known species of noxious weeds have invaded the watershed, including Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), field bindweed (Convolvulus avensis), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens), tamarisk and camel thorn (Alhagi pseudalhagi). Of these, tamarisk or salt-cedar has most aggressively colonized the southwestern United States, including the San Juan watershed. Graf (1978) estimates that since the late 19th century, tamarisk has spread at a rate of 20 km per year. Tamarisk first appeared in Comb Wash during the mid to early 20th century based on photographs taken by Gregory in the early 1900’s (Gregory, 1938).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01424","usgsCitation":"Longpre, C.I., 2001, Surficial geology of the lower Comb Wash, San Juan County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-424, Pamphlet: 17 p.; Map: ; Readme: PDF and TXT files; Metadata; Database; Map: PostScript file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01424.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 17 p.; Map: ; Readme: PDF and TXT files; Metadata; Database; Map: PostScript file","numberOfPages":"17","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2663,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282895,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/cw_readme.txt"},{"id":282896,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/pdf/cw_readme.pdf"},{"id":282897,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/cw_met.txt"},{"id":282898,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/cw_export.tar"},{"id":282899,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/pdf/cw_map.pdf"},{"id":282900,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/cw_map.eps"},{"id":282901,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0424/pdf/cw_pamph.pdf"}],"scale":"12000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"San Juan County","otherGeospatial":"Comb Wash","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.956,37.1588 ], [ -109.956,37.7142 ], [ -109.6003,37.7142 ], [ -109.6003,37.1588 ], [ -109.956,37.1588 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68897e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longpre, Claire I.","contributorId":90355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longpre","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58057,"text":"wri014219 - 2001 - Water resources of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South and North Dakota, and Roberts County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-15T12:21:01","indexId":"wri014219","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4219","title":"Water resources of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South and North Dakota, and Roberts County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"In 1994, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe; Roberts County; and the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Geological Survey Program, began a 6-year investigation to describe and quantify the water resources of the area within the 1867 boundary of the Lake Traverse Reservation and adjacent parts of Roberts County. Roberts County is located in extreme northeastern South Dakota, and the 1867 boundary of the Lake Traverse Reservation encompasses much of Roberts County and parts of Marshall, Day, Codington, and Grant Counties in South Dakota and parts of Richland and Sargent Counties in southeast North Dakota. This report includes descriptions of the quantity, quality, and availability of surface and ground water, the extent of the major glacial and bedrock aquifers and named outwash groups, and surface- and ground-water uses within the 1867 boundary of the Lake Traverse Reservation and adjacent parts of Roberts County.\r\n\r\nThe surface-water resources within the 1867 boundary of the Lake Traverse Reservation and adjacent parts of Roberts County include rivers, streams, lakes, and wetlands. The Wild Rice and Bois de Sioux Rivers are tributaries of the Red River within the Souris-Red-Rainy River Basin; the Little Minnesota, Jorgenson, and North Fork Whetstone Rivers are tributaries of the Minnesota River within the Upper Mississippi River Basin, and the James and Big Sioux Rivers are tributaries within the Missouri River Basin. Several of the larger lakes within the study area have been developed for recreation, while many of the smaller lakes and wetlands are used for livestock watering or as wildlife production areas. Statistical summaries are presented for the water-quality data of six selected streams within the study area, and the dominant chemical species are listed for 17 selected lakes within the study area.\r\n\r\nThe glacial history of the study area has led to a rather complex system of glacial aquifers. The boundaries of 11 aquifers and 6 named outwash groups were delineated based on hydrogeologic cross sections, water levels, and water-quality similarities/dissimilarities. The glacial aquifers include Coteau Lakes system, Big Sioux, Alta-mont, Revillo, James, Veblen system, Spiritwood, Hankinson, Rosholt, Milnor Channel, and Fairmount; the bedrock aquifer included in this report is the Dakota. Named outwash groups include the Prairie Coteau, Lonesome Lake, Marday, Eden, Roslyn, and Wilmot. A summary of the character-istics of each of the major aquifers and outwash groups and a summary of selected chemical analyses for each aquifer and outwash group are presented. All aquifers and outwash groups in the study area have either moderately hard or very hard water and are considered fresh to slightly saline. One or more water samples from some of the aquifers and outwash groups have a constituent that was above the recommended or mandatory limit for drinking water. Most aquifers and outwash groups have dissolved solids and sulfate contents above the recommended levels of 500 and 250 mg/L (milligrams per liter), respectively. The Dakota aquifer was the only one to have a mean chloride concentration above the recommended level of 250 mg/L. Nitrate concentrations greater than the mandatory limit of 10 mg/L were found in the Big Sioux aquifer and the Coteau Lakes and Veblen aquifer systems. Concentrations of arsenic greater than 10 ?g/L (micrograms per liter) were found in the Coteau Lakes and Veblen aquifer systems, and in the Rosholt and Fairmount aquifers.\r\n\r\nMunicipalities and rural water systems currently provide most of the water used in the study area-nearly all of it from ground-water sources. Surface-water use is limited to livestock watering. About 55 percent of the total water used in Roberts County is for domestic purposes, with most domestic users served by a public supply system.\r\n\r\nIrrigation accounts for about 10 percent of the total water used. All","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014219","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.F., 2001, Water resources of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South and North Dakota, and Roberts County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4219, 105 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014219.","productDescription":"105 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8532,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4219/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South Dakota","county":"Roberts County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Traverse Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.83333333333333,45 ], [ -97.83333333333333,46 ], [ -96.83333333333333,46 ], [ -96.83333333333333,45 ], [ -97.83333333333333,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f04c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Ryan F. 0000-0002-4544-6108 rcthomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4544-6108","contributorId":2702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ryan","email":"rcthomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58059,"text":"wri20014161 - 2001 - Assessment of habitat, fish communities, and streamflow requirements for habitat protection, Ipswich River, Massachusetts, 1998-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T16:58:03.327195","indexId":"wri20014161","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4161","title":"Assessment of habitat, fish communities, and streamflow requirements for habitat protection, Ipswich River, Massachusetts, 1998-99","docAbstract":"The relations among stream habitat, fish communities, and hydrologic conditions were investigated in the Ipswich River Basin in northeastern Massachusetts. Data were assessed from 27 sites on the mainstem of the Ipswich River from July to September 1998 and from 10 sites on 5 major tributaries in July and August 1999. Habitat assessments made in 1998 determined that in a year with sustained streamflow for most of the summer, the Ipswich River contains diverse, high-quality aquatic habitat. Channel types are predominantly low gradient glides, pools, and impoundments, with a sandy streambed and a forest or shrub riparian zone. Features that provide fish habitat are located mostly along stream margins; these features include overhanging brush, undercut banks, exposed roots, and woody debris. These habitat features decrease in availability to aquatic communities with declining streamflows and generally become unavailable after streamflows drop to the point where the edge of water recedes from the stream banks.
The mainstem and tributaries were sampled to determine fish species composition, relative abundance, and length frequency. Fish sampling indicates that the fish community in the Ipswich River is currently a warm-water fish community dominated by pond-type fish. However, historical temperature data, and survival of stocked trout in the mainstem Ipswich into late summer of 1998, indicate that the Ipswich River potentially could support cold-water fish species if adequate flows are maintained. Dominant fish species sampled in the mainstem Ipswich River were redfin pickerel (Esox americanus), American eel (Anguilla rostrata), and pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), which together represented 41, 22, and 10 percent, respectively, of 4,745 fish sampled. The fish communities of the mainstem and tributaries contained few fluvial-dependent or fluvial-specialist species (requiring flow), and were dominated by macrohabitat generalists (tolerant of low-flow, warm-water, and ponded conditions). In comparison to a nearby river (Lamprey River, N.H.), and a reference fish community developed for inland New England streams, the Ipswich fish community would be expected to have appreciably higher percentages of fluvial-dependent and fluvial-specialist species were streamflows restored.
Four riffle sites on the mainstem of the Ipswich River were identified as critical habitat areas because they are among the first sites to exhibit fish-passage problems or to dry during low flows. A watershed-scale precipitation-runoff model previously developed for the Ipswich River was used to simulate streamflows at these four sites for the period 196195 under no withdrawals (for water supply) and 1991 land use to evaluate habitat suitability under conditions that approximate the natural flow conditions. These simulated flows were used to calculate streamflow requirements by the Tennant and New England Aquatic-Base-Flow methods. Stream channels were surveyed at the critical riffle sites, and Water Surface Profile models were used to simulate streamflows and hydraulic characteristics needed for determining streamflow requirements by use of the Wetted-Perimeter and R2Cross methods. Normalized by drainage area to units of cubic feet per second per square mile, these methods yielded the following streamflow requirements: 0.50 cubic feet per second per square mile for the Tennant 30-percent QMA method, 0.42 cubic feet per second per square mile for the wetted-perimeter value necessary to maintain wetted perimeter at three altered riffle sites, 0.42 cubic feet per second per square mile for the R2Cross value required to maintain R2Cross hydraulic criteria at a natural riffle site, and 0.34 cubic feet per second per square mile for the aquatic-base-flow median of monthly mean flows for August for the simulated 196195 period under no withdrawals and 1991 land use. The mean streamflow requirement determined from these four methods is 0.42 cubic feet per second per square mile. This flow would represent an average flow-exceedence value for the six study sites of about 77 percent under simulated flows with no withdrawals. For these flows, the 70-, 80-, and 90-percent exceedence flows averaged 0.59, 0.37, and 0.21 cubic feet per second per square mile, respectively, and the 7-day, 10-year low flow statistic at the two gaged sites averaged 0.08 cubic feet per second per square mile. Simulated flows under no withdrawals were used to determine monthly mean flows and other flow statistics used in the Range of Variability Approach to define a flow regime that mimics the river's natural flow regime.
St. Clair and Detroit Rivers are connecting channels between Lake Huron and Lake Erie in the Great Lakes waterway, and form part of the boundary between the United States and Canada. St. Clair River, the upper connecting channel, drains 222,400 square miles and has an average flow of about 182,000 cubic feet per second. Water from St. Clair River combines with local inflows and discharges into Lake St. Clair before flowing into Detroit River. In some reaches of St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, islands and dikes split the flow into two to four branches. Even when the flow in a reach is known, proportions of flows within individual branches of a reach are uncertain. Simple linear regression equations, subject to a flow continuity constraint, are developed to provide estimators of these proportions and flows. The equations are based on 533 paired measurements of flow in 13 reaches forming 31 branches. The equations provide a means for computing the expected values and uncertainties of steady-state flows on the basis of flow conditions specified at the upstream boundaries of the waterway. In 7 upstream reaches, flow is considered fixed because it can be determined on the basis of flows specified at waterway boundaries and flow continuity. In these reaches, the uncertainties of flow proportions indicated by the regression equations can be used directly to determine the uncertainties of the corresponding flows. In the remaining 6 downstream reaches, flow is considered uncertain because these reaches do not receive flow from all the branches of an upstream reach, or they receive flow from some branches of more than one upstream reach. Monte Carlo simulation analysis is used to quantify this increase in uncertainty associated with the propagation of uncertainties from upstream reaches to downstream reaches. To eliminate the need for Monte Carlo simulations for routine calculations, polynomial regression equations are developed to approximate the variation in uncertainties as a function of flow at the headwaters of St. Clair River. Finally, monthly flow-duration data on the main channels of St. Clair and Detroit Rivers are used with the equations developed in this report to estimate the steady-state flow-duration characteristics of selected branches.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri014135","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Koschik, J., 2001, Steady-state flow distribution and monthly flow duration in selected branches of St. Clair and Detroit rivers within the Great Lakes waterway: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4135, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014135.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014135.JPG"},{"id":2978,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014135","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River, St. Clair River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.83004760742188,\n 42.5034904213673\n ],\n [\n -82.83004760742188,\n 43.09095496313368\n ],\n [\n -82.12142944335938,\n 43.09095496313368\n ],\n [\n -82.12142944335938,\n 42.5034904213673\n ],\n [\n -82.83004760742188,\n 42.5034904213673\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.287353515625,\n 42.0064481470799\n ],\n [\n -83.287353515625,\n 42.405206634470666\n ],\n [\n -82.8643798828125,\n 42.405206634470666\n ],\n [\n -82.8643798828125,\n 42.0064481470799\n ],\n [\n -83.287353515625,\n 42.0064481470799\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b464b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koschik, J.A.","contributorId":101711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschik","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30983,"text":"wri20004230 - 2001 - Relation of Mercury to Other Chemical Constituents in Ground Water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer System, New Jersey Coastal Plain, and Mechanisms for Mobilization of Mercury from Sediments to Ground Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri20004230","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4230","title":"Relation of Mercury to Other Chemical Constituents in Ground Water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer System, New Jersey Coastal Plain, and Mechanisms for Mobilization of Mercury from Sediments to Ground Water","docAbstract":"Water from 265 domestic wells that tap the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey contained concentrations of mercury that are equal to or exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 2 ug/L (micrograms per liter). The wells range in depth from 50 to 200 feet, and are located in 32 discrete, mostly residential, areas that were developed primarily on former agricultural land during the 1950?s through the 1970?s. Concentrations in two other areas exceeded 1 ug/L. Naturally occurring mercury concentrations in ground water from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system typically are less than 0.01 ug/L, but concentrations in water from some wells were as much as 42 ug/L. No evidence currently exists that conclusively links known point sources such as landfills, industrial operations, or commercial enterprises to most of the elevated concentrations of mercury in ground water in the residential areas. Possible sources of the mercury include pesticides and atmospheric deposition. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of water from wells in 6 of the 34 areas for other constituents indicates that nitrate concentrations also commonly are elevated above background levels (which typically are undetectable at 0.01 milligrams per liter), and exceed the MCL of 10 milligrams per liter in some samples. Several volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including chloroform, also have been measured in water from wells at many of the 34 sites. Analytical results for water samples collected at several depths from boreholes at 2 of the 34 sites indicate elevated concentrations of calcium, magnesium, barium, strontium, nitrate, and chloride, which may be related to both agricultural chemical applications and septic-system effluent. Determinations of tritium and helium concentrations indicate that water containing elevated concentrations of mercury recharged the aquifer between 9.4 and 79 years ago, which includes the period during which many of the 34 sites were undergoing a change from agricultural or undeveloped to residential land use. \r\n\r\nBatch equilibrium experiments were used to measure adsorption of dissolved mercury, mercuric chloride, and phenylmercuric acetate by aquifer sediments at pH 3.5-4.0, 4.5-5.0, and 5.5-6.0. In nearly all cases, 55 to 95 percent of the mercury added to the sediments was adsorbed. Mercury mobilization from aquifer sediments inoculated with mercury was investigated by leaching the sediments with two concentrations of nitric acid (a component of acid rain), a sodium chloride solution (simulating road salt), and three fertilizer solutions. A solution of 20-20-20 (nitrogenphosphorous-potassium) fertilizer removed virtually all of the mercury with which the sediments had been inoculated. The sodium chloride solution was moderately effective in removing applied mercury from the sediments, as was a solution of nitric acid. A more dilute nitric acid solution and two sodium nitrate fertilizer solutions were less effective. \r\n\r\nResults of these experiments indicate that mercury adsorbs to aquifer sediments, but that varying amounts can be removed by infiltrating solutions, some of which can be related to specific land uses. Land-use history at the 34 sites generally indicates a change from agricultural or undeveloped settings to residential settings. Whatever the source of mercury to these sites, a change in the geochemical environment of the soil and aquifer brought about by land-use change probably provides mechanisms for mobilizing the mercury from soils and sediments to ground water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20004230","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection ","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., and MacLeod, C., 2001, Relation of Mercury to Other Chemical Constituents in Ground Water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer System, New Jersey Coastal Plain, and Mechanisms for Mobilization of Mercury from Sediments to Ground Water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4230, vii, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004230.","productDescription":"vii, 72 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11707,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.75,38.75 ], [ -75.75,40.75 ], [ -73.75,40.75 ], [ -73.75,38.75 ], [ -75.75,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634cca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacLeod, Cecilia L.","contributorId":62250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"Cecilia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30990,"text":"wri014255 - 2001 - Concentrations and annual fluxes for selected water-quality constituents from the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) 1996-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:00","indexId":"wri014255","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4255","title":"Concentrations and annual fluxes for selected water-quality constituents from the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) 1996-2000","docAbstract":"This report contains concentrations and annual mass fluxes (loadings) for a broad range of water-quality constituents measured during 1996-2000 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN). During this period, NASQAN operated a network of 40-42 stations in four of the largest river basins of the USA: the Colorado, the Columbia, the Mississippi (including the Missouri and Ohio), and the Rio Grande. The report contains surface-water quality data, streamflow data, field measurements (e.g. water temperature and pH), sediment-chemistry data, and quality-assurance data; interpretive products include annual and average loads, regression parameters for models used to estimate loads, sub-basin yield maps, maps depicting percent detections for censored constituents, and diagrams depicting flow-weighted average concentrations. Where possible, a regression model relating concentration to discharge and season was used for flux estimation. The interpretive context provided by annual loads includes identifying source and sink areas for constituents and estimating the loadings to receiving waters, such as reservoirs or the ocean. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014255","usgsCitation":"Kelly, V.J., Hooper, R.P., Aulenbach, B.T., and Janet, M., 2001, Concentrations and annual fluxes for selected water-quality constituents from the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) 1996-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4255, Unpaginated, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014255.","productDescription":"Unpaginated","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":443,"text":"National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8437,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Valerie J. vjkelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Valerie","email":"vjkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Janet, Mary","contributorId":62646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janet","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31509,"text":"ofr01464 - 2001 - Publications of Volcano Hazards Program 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-03T12:49:51","indexId":"ofr01464","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-464","title":"Publications of Volcano Hazards Program 2000","docAbstract":"The Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is part of the Geologic Hazards Assessments subactivity as funded by Congressional appropriation. Investigations are carried out in the Geology and Hydrology Disciplines of the USGS and with cooperators at the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, University of Utah, and University of Washington Geophysics Program.\n\nThis report lists publications from all these institutions. This report contains only published papers and maps; numerous abstracts produced for presentations at scientific meetings have not been included. Publications are included based on date of publication with no attempt to assign them to Fiscal Year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01464","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., 2001, Publications of Volcano Hazards Program 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-464, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01464.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2690,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0464/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0464/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59794,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0464/pdf/of01-464.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db6560e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30790,"text":"cir1198 - 2001 - Beyond the Golden Gate: Oceanography, geology, biology, and environmental issues in the Gulf of the Farallones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T19:59:49.552797","indexId":"cir1198","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1198","title":"Beyond the Golden Gate: Oceanography, geology, biology, and environmental issues in the Gulf of the Farallones","docAbstract":"In the 1990's, the U.S. Geological Survey sponsored a multidisciplinary, multiagency investigation of the Gulf of the Farallones, which lies offshore of the San Francisco Bay region. This book discussess the results of the endeavor, covering the topics of oceanography and geology, biology and ecological niches, and issues of environmental management.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1198","usgsCitation":"Chin, J., Ueber, E., Stauffer, P.H., and Hendley, J.W., 2001, Beyond the Golden Gate: Oceanography, geology, biology, and environmental issues in the Gulf of the Farallones: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1198, 78 p.; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1198.","productDescription":"78 p.; CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410563,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46640.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1198.bmp"},{"id":8903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Farallones","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.0833\n ],\n [\n -123.4167,\n 38.0833\n ],\n [\n -123.4167,\n 37.3333\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 37.3333\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.0833\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615dd0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":55796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747055,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Chin, John L.","contributorId":98291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"John L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ueber, Edward","contributorId":102925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ueber","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6637,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":203950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":203946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hendley, James W. 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Most of the samples were collected from portals of abandoned mines, or from stream drainages immediately downstream from abandoned mines. Most of the samples have low pH (<4) and high total dissolved solids (> 1000 mg/L). Anion composition of the water samples is dominated by sulfate, while cation compositions range from calcium-dominated to mixed calcium-magnesium or calcium-sodium-dominated waters. Metals such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, and aluminum contribute a significant portion (>10%) of the cation content to the water samples. Because of the low pH?s, protons contribute up to several percent of the cation character of the waters in some of the samples. The data are presented in tabular and graphical formats, with descriptions of data quality and brief descriptions of results.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01463","usgsCitation":"Wanty, R.B., Shanks, W.C., Lamothe, P., Meier, A.L., Lichte, F., Briggs, P.H., and Berger, B.R., 2001, Results of chemical and stable isotopic analyses of water samples collected in the Patagonia Mountains, southern Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-463, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01463.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2689,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0463/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624a1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. 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This Readme; includes in Appendix I, data contained in stp_met.txt\n\nb. The same graphic as plotted in 2 above. Test plots have not produced 1:24,000-scale map sheets. Adobe Acrobat page size setting influences map scale.\n\nThe Correlation of Map Units and Description of Map Units is in the editorial format of USGS Geologic Investigations Series (I-series) maps but has not been edited to comply with I-map standards. Within the geologic map data package, map units are identified by standard geologic map criteria such as formation-name, age, and lithology. Where known, grain size is indicated on the map by a subscripted letter or letters following the unit symbols as follows: lg, large boulders; b, boulder; g, gravel; a, arenaceous; s, silt; c, clay; e.g. Qyfa is a predominantly young alluvial fan deposit that is arenaceous. Multiple letters are used for more specific identification or for mixed units, e.g., Qfysa is a silty sand. In some cases, mixed units are indicated by a compound symbol; e.g., Qyf2sc. Marine deposits are in part overlain by local, mostly alluvial fan, deposits and are labeled Qomf. Grain size follows f.\n\nEven though this is an Open-File Report and includes the standard USGS Open-File disclaimer, the report closely adheres to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. Descriptions of units can be obtained by viewing or plotting the .pdf file (3b above) or plotting the postscript file (2 above).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01449","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Division of Mines and Geology and U.S. Air Force","usgsCitation":"Morton, D.M., Alvarez, R.M., and Diep, V.M., 2001, Geologic map of the Steele Peak 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-449, Report: 17 p.; 1 Plate: 48.00 x 35.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01449.","productDescription":"Report: 17 p.; 1 Plate: 48.00 x 35.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161156,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01449.jpg"},{"id":283142,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0449/pdf/stp_map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283147,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0449/symbols.tar.gz"},{"id":283146,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0449/stp_map.ps.gz"},{"id":283145,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0449/stp.tar.gz"},{"id":283144,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0449/stp_met.txt"},{"id":283143,"rank":8,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0449/README.txt"},{"id":2684,"rank":9,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0449/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283141,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0449/pdf/README.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.375,33.75 ], [ -117.375,33.875 ], [ -117.25,33.875 ], [ -117.25,33.75 ], [ -117.375,33.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a2ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, Rachel M.","contributorId":66354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diep, Van M.","contributorId":58184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diep","given":"Van","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31499,"text":"ofr01447 - 2001 - Inferred oil and gas reserve estimates for the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:13","indexId":"ofr01447","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-447","title":"Inferred oil and gas reserve estimates for the United States","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01447","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., 2001, Inferred oil and gas reserve estimates for the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-447, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01447.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0447/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59791,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0447/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee890","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. 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Information presented in this site was first made available to the World Trade Center emergency response teams on September 18, 2001 (Thermal hot spot information), and September 27, 2001 (maps and compositional results).
The Airborne Visible / Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), a hyperspectral remote sensing instrument, was flown by JPL/NASA over the World Trade Center (WTC) area on September 16, 18, 22, and 23, 2001 ( Link to the AVIRIS JPL data facility). A 2-person USGS crew collected samples of dusts and airfall debris from more than 35 localities within a 1-km radius of the World trade Center site on the evenings of September 17 and 18, 2001. Two samples were collected of indoor locations that were presumably not affected by rainfall (there was a rainstorm on September 14). Two samples of material coating a steel beam in the WTC debris were also collected. The USGS ground crew also carried out on-the-ground reflectance spectroscopy measurements during daylight hours to field calibrate AVIRIS remote sensing data. Radiance calibration and rectification of the AVIRIS data were done at JPL/NASA. Surface reflectance calibration, spectral mapping, and interpretation were done at the USGS Imaging Spectroscopy Lab in Denver. The dust/debris and beam-insulation samples were analyzed for a variety of mineralogical and chemical parameters using Reflectance Spectroscopy (RS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), chemical analysis, and chemical leach test techniques in U.S. Geological Survey laboratories in Denver, Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01429","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Green, R., Swayze, G.A., Meeker, G., Sutley, S., Hoefen, T.M., Livo, K., Plumlee, G., Pavri, B., Sarture, C., Wilson, S., Hageman, P., Lamothe, P., Vance, J.S., Boardman, J., Brownfield, I., Gent, C., Morath, L.C., Taggart, J., Theodorakos, P.M., and Adams, M., 2001, Environmental studies of the World Trade Center area after the September 11, 2001 attack (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-429, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01429.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2667,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0429/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"New York City","otherGeospatial":"World Trade Center complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.02081489562988,\n 40.70543274083784\n ],\n [\n -74.00596618652344,\n 40.70543274083784\n ],\n [\n -74.00596618652344,\n 40.71688335199443\n ],\n [\n -74.02081489562988,\n 40.71688335199443\n ],\n [\n -74.02081489562988,\n 40.70543274083784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Robert O.","contributorId":56271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Robert O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meeker, Greg","contributorId":20802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutley, Steve","contributorId":11059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Livo, K. 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Sam","contributorId":9692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vance","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Boardman, Joe","contributorId":30663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Brownfield, Isabelle","contributorId":42986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Isabelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Gent, Carol","contributorId":11468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gent","given":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Morath, Laurie C.","contributorId":99225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morath","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Taggart, Joseph","contributorId":77413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Theodorakos, Peter M. ptheodor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakos","given":"Peter","email":"ptheodor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Adams, Monique madams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Monique","email":"madams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":31461,"text":"ofr0172 - 2001 - Preliminary mineralogical characterization of weathered and less-weathered strata of the Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation: Measured sections C and D, Dry Valley, Caribou County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T18:52:58.65175","indexId":"ofr0172","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-72","title":"Preliminary mineralogical characterization of weathered and less-weathered strata of the Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation: Measured sections C and D, Dry Valley, Caribou County, Idaho","docAbstract":"This study used powder X-ray diffraction, with Rietveld quantification software to quantify and characterize the mineralogy of the 83 samples collected from two stratigraphic sections measured by the U.S. Geological Survey at the Dry Valley mine in the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation. Analyses show extensive variability of carbonate substitution in the fluorapatite structure, determined by measuring the apatite a-cell dimension, as well as patterns of correlation between mineralogy and the stratigraphy.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0172","collaboration":"Prepared in Collaboration With: Bureau of Land Management, Forest Service, Agrium U.S. Inc., Astaris LLC, J.R. Simplot Company, Monsanto, Rhodia Inc.","usgsCitation":"Knudsen, A.C., Gunter, M.E., and Herring, J.R., 2001, Preliminary mineralogical characterization of weathered and less-weathered strata of the Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation: Measured sections C and D, Dry Valley, Caribou County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-72, Report: 69 p.; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0172.","productDescription":"Report: 69 p.; Readme","numberOfPages":"69","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404380,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Andrew C.","contributorId":72819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunter, Mickey E.","contributorId":52996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunter","given":"Mickey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herring, James R.","contributorId":95492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31462,"text":"ofr01114 - 2001 - Potentiometric surfaces of the intermediate aquifer system, west-central Florida, September 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-23T13:57:29","indexId":"ofr01114","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-114","title":"Potentiometric surfaces of the intermediate aquifer system, west-central Florida, September 2000","docAbstract":"The intermediate aquifer system underlies a 5,000-square-mile area within the Southwest Florida Water Management District including De Soto, Sarasota, Hardee, Manatee, and parts of Charlotte, Hillsborough, Highlands, Polk, and Lee Counties. The intermediate aquifer system is overlain by the surficial aquifer system and is underlain by the Floridan aquifer system. The intermediate aquifer system consists of layers of sand, shell, clay, calcareous clay, limestone, and dolomite of the Tamiami Formation and Hawthorn Group of Oligocene to Pleistocene age (Wingard and others, 1995). The intermediate aquifer system contains one or more water-bearing units separated by discontinuous confining units. The intermediate aquifer system is the principal source of potable water in the southwestern part of the study area and is widely used as a source of water where wells are open to the intermediate aquifer system or to both the intermediate and Floridan aquifer systems. Yields of individual wells open to the intermediate aquifer system vary from a few gallons to several hundred gallons per minute. The volume of water withdrawn from the intermediate aquifer system is considerably less than that withdrawn from the Floridan aquifer system in the study area (Duerr and others, 1988).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01114","usgsCitation":"Duerr, A.D., 2001, Potentiometric surfaces of the intermediate aquifer system, west-central Florida, September 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-114, 28.53 x 31.61 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01114.","productDescription":"28.53 x 31.61 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":59786,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0114/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Florida","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db682181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duerr, A. D.","contributorId":29821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duerr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31460,"text":"ofr0145 - 2001 - A simple calculator of ballistic trajectories for blocks ejected during volcanic eruptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T11:49:38","indexId":"ofr0145","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-45","title":"A simple calculator of ballistic trajectories for blocks ejected during volcanic eruptions","docAbstract":"During the past century, numerous observers have described the violent ejection of large blocks and bombs from volcanoes during volcanic explosions. Minakami (1942) mapped the locations of blocks ejected from Asama Volcano during explosions in 1937. He developed a mathematical expression relating initial velocity and trajectory angle of ejected blocks to the ejection distance, taking into account air drag and assuming a constant drag coefficient. In the late 1950’s, Gorshkov (1959) estimated ejection velocities at Bezymianny volcano during its sector-collapse eruption. Wilson (1972) developed the first mathematical algorithm for ballistic trajectories in the volcanological literature (earlier ones had been available for military applications) that considered variations in drag coefficient with Reynolds number. Fagents and Wilson (1993) advanced the method of Wilson (1972) by considering the effect of reduced drag near the vent. From the 1970’s through the 1990’s other papers, too numerous to mention, have estimated volcanic ejection velocities from ballistic blocks. Since the early 1990’s there has been a decrease in the number of published papers that quantify ejection velocities from ballistic trajectories. This decrease has resulted in part from the appreciation that ejection velocities cannot be uniquely determined by ejection distance due to uncertainties in initial trajectory angle and drag force. On the other hand, the decrease in usage has coincided with an increase in the ease with which ballistic calculations can be made, due to the vast improvement in computer power and in the user-friendliness of computers. During the 1970’s, only volcanologists with mathematical acumen or those who could collaborate with applied mathematicians were able to make such estimates. With 21st century computer power, ballistic computation should be available to anyone as a back-of-the-envelope indicator of explosive power; the only factor preventing such usage is the lack of a user-friendly computer program. In this paper, I describe a program that can be used for quick ballistics calculations. The program, Eject!, was written in Microsoft Visual Basic® and operates on any personal computer running Microsoft® Windows 95 or later.\n\nInstructions on installing Eject! version 1.4\n1. Copy the file \"eject_1-4.zip\" to the hard drive of your Windows-based computer\n2. Unzip the files in \"eject_1-4.zip\"\n3. Double-click on the file \"setup.exe\". This will install the software on your computer.\n4. Once it is installed, go to the \"start\" button, the to \"programs.\" You will see the program in your program list.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0145","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., 2001, A simple calculator of ballistic trajectories for blocks ejected during volcanic eruptions (Originally posted November 2001; Updated November 2009): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-45, Report: iii, 13 p.; Exacutable program for Windows ZIP; Visual Basic 6 source code for version 1.4 ZIP, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0145.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 13 p.; Exacutable program for Windows ZIP; Visual Basic 6 source code for version 1.4 ZIP","numberOfPages":"18","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0145.jpg"},{"id":279331,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0045/"},{"id":279332,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0045/pdf/of2001-0045_v1-2.pdf"},{"id":279333,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0045/eject_1-4.zip"},{"id":279334,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0045/eject_1-4_source.zip"}],"edition":"Originally posted November 2001; Updated November 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a651f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31459,"text":"ofr019 - 2001 - Tampa Bay, Florida, March 22, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-25T20:58:38.899523","indexId":"ofr019","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-9","title":"Tampa Bay, Florida, March 22, 1991","docAbstract":"This poster has been prepared for education purposes. Colors are near neutral. Water and swampy areas are blue-black. Healthy plant growth is green. Agricultural fields and areas with low plant growth are pink and beige. Highways, parking lots, and other black surfaces are purple. Beach sand, cleared land, and cement are white or light blue.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr019","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001, Tampa Bay, Florida, March 22, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-9, 1 Plate: 27.68 x 41.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr019.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.68 x 41.43 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405640,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0009/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0009/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"110000","country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.935791015625,\n 27.15692045688088\n ],\n [\n -81.97998046875,\n 27.15692045688088\n ],\n [\n -81.97998046875,\n 28.285033294640684\n ],\n [\n -82.935791015625,\n 28.285033294640684\n ],\n [\n -82.935791015625,\n 27.15692045688088\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68688a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30675,"text":"ds72 - 2001 - 2000 Multibeam sonar survey of Crater Lake, Oregon - Data, GIS, images, and movies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-06T21:54:54.688706","indexId":"ds72","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72","title":"2000 Multibeam sonar survey of Crater Lake, Oregon - Data, GIS, images, and movies","docAbstract":"In the summer of 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Seafloor Mapping Project in cooperation with the National Park Service, and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire used a state-of-the-art multibeam sonar system to collect high-resolution bathymetry and calibrated, co-registered acoustic backscatter to support both biological and geological research in the Crater Lake area. This interactive CD-ROM contains the multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data, along with an ESRI ArcExplorer project (and software), images, and movies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds72","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., and Dartnell, P., 2001, 2000 Multibeam sonar survey of Crater Lake, Oregon - Data, GIS, images, and movies (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 72, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds72.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-07-28","temporalEnd":"2000-08-03","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12401,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-72/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403111,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46635.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.08625793457031,\n 42.896088552971065\n ],\n [\n -122.05535888671875,\n 42.91620643817353\n ],\n [\n -122.03750610351564,\n 42.95742757637941\n ],\n [\n -122.06977844238281,\n 42.982548873720326\n ],\n [\n -122.12196350097656,\n 42.98204654832571\n ],\n [\n -122.18101501464844,\n 42.95742757637941\n ],\n [\n -122.1782684326172,\n 42.92877678228981\n ],\n [\n -122.15011596679688,\n 42.90162162590301\n ],\n [\n -122.08625793457031,\n 42.896088552971065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491ce4b0b290850eee61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31513,"text":"ofr01475 - 2001 - Colorado vermiculite deposits: mines, prospects, and occurrences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:14","indexId":"ofr01475","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-475","title":"Colorado vermiculite deposits: mines, prospects, and occurrences","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01475","usgsCitation":"VanGosen, B.S., and Bush, A., 2001, Colorado vermiculite deposits: mines, prospects, and occurrences (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-475, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01475.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2693,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0475/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae7da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGosen, Bradley S.","contributorId":83171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGosen","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, Alfred L.","contributorId":48977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Alfred L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31496,"text":"ofr01440 - 2001 - A test of a mechanical multi-impact shear-wave seismic source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:11","indexId":"ofr01440","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-440","title":"A test of a mechanical multi-impact shear-wave seismic source","docAbstract":"We modified two gasoline-engine-powered earth tampers, commonly used as compressional-(P) wave seismic energy sources for shallow reflection studies, for use as shear(S)-wave energy sources. This new configuration, termed ?Hacker? (horizontal Wacker?), is evaluated as an alternative to the manual sledgehammer typically used in conjunction with a large timber held down by the front wheels of a vehicle. The Hacker maximizes the use of existing equipment by a quick changeover of bolt-on accessories as opposed to the handling of a separate source, and is intended to improve the depth of penetration of S-wave data by stacking hundreds of impacts over a two to three minute period. Records were made with a variety of configurations involving up to two Hackers simultaneously then compared to a reference record made with a sledgehammer. Preliminary results indicate moderate success by the higher amplitude S-waves recorded with the Hacker as compared to the hammer method. False triggers generated by the backswing of the Hacker add unwanted noise and we are currently working to modify the device to eliminate this effect. Correlation noise caused by insufficient randomness of the Hacker impact sequence is also a significant noise problem that we hope to reduce by improving the coupling of the Hacker to the timber so that the operator has more control over the impact sequence.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01440","usgsCitation":"Worley, D.M., Odum, J.K., Williams, R., and Stephenson, W.J., 2001, A test of a mechanical multi-impact shear-wave seismic source (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-440, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01440.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2668,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0440/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a57d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worley, David M. worley@usgs.gov","contributorId":947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"David","email":"worley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, Jack K. 0000-0002-3162-0355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-0355","contributorId":97900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Robert A. rawilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert A.","email":"rawilliams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31514,"text":"ofr01476 - 2001 - Basement geophysical interpretation of the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA), Northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:14","indexId":"ofr01476","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-476","title":"Basement geophysical interpretation of the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA), Northern Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01476","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Hudson, T.L., and Phillips, J., 2001, Basement geophysical interpretation of the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA), Northern Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-476, 3 over-size sheets., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01476.","productDescription":"3 over-size sheets.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2694,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0476/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, T. L.","contributorId":13992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31498,"text":"ofr01443 - 2001 - Landslides triggered by Hurricane Mitch in Guatemala -- inventory and discussion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:13","indexId":"ofr01443","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-443","title":"Landslides triggered by Hurricane Mitch in Guatemala -- inventory and discussion","docAbstract":"The torrential rains that accompanied\r\nHurricane Mitch in October and November\r\nof 1998 triggered thousands of landslides in\r\nthe moderate to steep terrain bordering the\r\nMotagua and Polochic Rivers in eastern\r\nGuatemala. Using aerial photographs taken\r\nbetween January and March 2000 we\r\nmapped all visible landslides larger than\r\nabout 15 m in minimum dimension in a\r\nstudy area of 10,000 km2 encompassing\r\ntwenty 1:50,000-scale topographic map\r\nquadrangles.\r\nRainfall from Hurricane Mitch was\r\nexceptional because it was geographically\r\nwidespread, prolonged over a period of\r\nabout a week, moderate to heavy in intensity,\r\nand occurred at the end of the rainy season\r\nwhen the ground already had a high\r\nmoisture content. As documented in this\r\nreport, this type of rainfall, on saturated or\r\nnearly saturated ground, has the capability to\r\ntrigger both shallow and deep-seated landslides\r\nover a large area.\r\nWe mapped about 11,500 landslides in\r\nthe study area. The mapped landslides were\r\nof two general types: relatively small, translational\r\nand rotational landslides that commonly\r\nmobilized into debris flows and covered\r\nless than several hectares in area (not\r\nincluding flow paths), and large, commonly\r\ntranslational, landslides that sometimes generated\r\ndebris flows and covered between\r\n15 ha and 25 ha (not including flow paths).\r\nThe main concentrations of landslides are on\r\nmoderate-to-steep hillslopes underlain by\r\ndiverse geologic units. For the purpose of\r\ndescribing the mapped landslides, we divided\r\nthe study area into five distinct regions\r\nbased on differing geologic and geomorphic\r\ncharacteristics. These regions include the\r\nupper Polochic valley and surrounding highlands,\r\nthe central Sierra de las Minas, the\r\nhills surrounding La Union and Zacapa, the\r\neastern Sierra de las Minas, and the border\r\nregion with Honduras. All of these areas\r\nreceived between 200 mm and 600 mm of\r\nrain over a 13-day period between October\r\n25 and November 6. The highest rainfall\r\namounts (400 mm to 600 mm) occurred in\r\nthe Upper Polochic valley and surrounding\r\nhighlands and in the central Sierra de las\r\nMinas. The lower rainfall amounts (200 mm\r\nto 400 mm) occurred in the hills surrounding\r\nLa Union, the eastern Sierra de las\r\nMinas, and in the border region with\r\nHonduras. In general, the rainfall received in\r\nthese areas is roughly equivalent to the average\r\nprecipitation received in a 1-year period.\r\nWe used 10-m digital elevation models\r\n(DEMs) generated from contours on two\r\nquadrangles in the central Sierra de las\r\nMinas to create a map showing areas that\r\nwere susceptible to landslides during\r\nHurricane Mitch. To create the Hurricane\r\nMitch susceptibility map, we developed a\r\nsusceptibility threshold equation based on\r\nelevation and gradient. The analysis indicates\r\nthat, at least on two quadrangles, gradients\r\nless than 9? were not susceptible to\r\nlandslides during Hurricane Mitch. The\r\nslope of the line defined by the threshold\r\nequation indicates that less rainfall was\r\nrequired to initiate landslides on steep gradients\r\nthan on shallow gradients. Ninety percent\r\nof the mapped landslides that were triggered\r\nby Hurricane Mitch are within the\r\nsusceptible zone shown on the map. Eightysix\r\npercent of landslides that were mapped\r\nas predating Hurricane Mitch, and all landslides\r\nmapped as postdating Hurricane\r\nMitch, are within the susceptible zone.\r\nWe used LAHARZ software to model the\r\npotential downstream area affected by debris\r\nif a large landslide dam on the Rio La Lima\r\nwere to fail. The model shows that the area\r\naffected would be similar to the area that\r\nwas affected by a debris flow that mobilized\r\nfrom a large landslide along the Rio La\r\nLima during Hurricane Mitch.\r\nThe characteristics of rainfall-triggered\r\nlandslides described in this report can be\r\nused as a partial guide to future landslide\r\nactivity triggered by rainstorms. On the\r\nbasis of existing data, hazardous areas\r\ninclude: moderate to steep hillslopes and\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01443","usgsCitation":"Bucknam, R.C., Coe, J.A., Chavarria, M.M., Godt, J.W., Tarr, A.C., Bradley, L., Rafferty, S.A., Hancock, D., Dart, R.L., and Johnson, M.L., 2001, Landslides triggered by Hurricane Mitch in Guatemala -- inventory and discussion (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-443, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01443.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2682,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0443/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a91b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bucknam, Robert C.","contributorId":104490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucknam","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chavarria, Manuel Mota","contributorId":39024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavarria","given":"Manuel","email":"","middleInitial":"Mota","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradley, Lee-Ann bradley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"bradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rafferty, Sharon A.","contributorId":33360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hancock, Dean","contributorId":73652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hancock","given":"Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Johnson, Margo L.","contributorId":54626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Margo","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":31503,"text":"ofr01451 - 2001 - Geologic map of the Riverside West 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T14:32:12.759441","indexId":"ofr01451","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-451","title":"Geologic map of the Riverside West 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"Open-File Report 01-451 contains a digital geologic map database of the Riverside West 7.5’ quadrangle, Riverside County, California that includes:\n\nARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute, http://www.esri.com) version 7.2.1 coverages of the various elements of the geologic map.\nA PostScript file to plot the geologic map on a topographic base, containing a Correlation of Map Units diagram (CMU), a Description of Map Units (DMU), and an index map.\nPortable Document Format (.pdf) files of:\na. This Readme; includes in Appendix I, data contained in rsw_met.txt\n\nb. The same graphic as plotted in 2 above. Test plots have not produced 1:24,000-scale map sheets. Adobe Acrobat page size setting influences map scale.\n\nThe Correlation of Map Units and Description of Map Units is in the editorial format of USGS Geologic Investigations Series (I-series) maps but has not been edited to comply with I-map standards. Within the geologic map data package, map units are identified by standard geologic map criteria such as formation-name, age, and lithology. Where known, grain size is indicated on the map by a subscripted letter or letters following the unit symbols as follows: lg, large boulders; b, boulder; g, gravel; a, arenaceous; s, silt; c, clay; e.g. Qyfa is a predominantly young alluvial fan deposit that is arenaceous. Multiple letters are used for more specific identification or for mixed units, e.g., Qfysa is a silty sand. In some cases, mixed units are indicated by a compound symbol; e.g., Qyf2sc. Marine deposits are in part overlain by local, mostly alluvial fan, deposits and are labeled Qomf. Grain size follows f.Even though this is an Open-File Report and includes the standard USGS Open-File disclaimer, the report closely adheres to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. Descriptions of units can be obtained by viewing or plotting the .pdf file (3b above) or plotting the postscript file (2 above).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01451","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Division of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Morton, D.M., and Cox, B.F., 2001, Geologic map of the Riverside West 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-451, Report: 17 p.; 1 Plate: 48.00 x 35.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01451.","productDescription":"Report: 17 p.; 1 Plate: 48.00 x 35.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01451.jpg"},{"id":283157,"rank":8,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0451/README.txt"},{"id":283156,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0451/pdf/rsw_map.pdf"},{"id":2686,"rank":9,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0451/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283158,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0451/rsw_met.txt"},{"id":283159,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0451/rsw.tar.gz"},{"id":283160,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0451/symbols.tar.gz"},{"id":283161,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0451/rsw_map.ps.gz"},{"id":283155,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0451/pdf/README.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.5,33.875 ], [ -117.5,34.0 ], [ -117.375,34.0 ], [ -117.375,33.875 ], [ -117.5,33.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a4bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Brett F. bcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":5793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Brett","email":"bcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31467,"text":"ofr01216 - 2001 - Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the Dead Sea fault system, Jordan and Israel: contour interval 2 mGal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T11:59:52","indexId":"ofr01216","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-216","title":"Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the Dead Sea fault system, Jordan and Israel: contour interval 2 mGal","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01216","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Al-Zoubi, A., and Rybakov, M., 2001, Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the Dead Sea fault system, Jordan and Israel: contour interval 2 mGal: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-216, 1 map :col. ;225 x 43 cm., on sheet 143 x 120 cm., folded to 49 x 31 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01216.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;225 x 43 cm., on sheet 143 x 120 cm., folded to 49 x 31 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2624,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of01-216/index.html ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe052","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Al-Zoubi, Abdallah","contributorId":15667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Zoubi","given":"Abdallah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rybakov, Michael","contributorId":27102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybakov","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}