This web site describes the results of an interdisciplinary environmental characterization of the World Trade Center (WTC) area after September 11, 2001.
Information presented in this site was first made available to the World Trade Center emergency response teams on September 18, 2001 (Thermal hot spot information), and September 27, 2001 (maps and compositional results).
The Airborne Visible / Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), a hyperspectral remote sensing instrument, was flown by JPL/NASA over the World Trade Center (WTC) area on September 16, 18, 22, and 23, 2001 ( Link to the AVIRIS JPL data facility). A 2-person USGS crew collected samples of dusts and airfall debris from more than 35 localities within a 1-km radius of the World trade Center site on the evenings of September 17 and 18, 2001. Two samples were collected of indoor locations that were presumably not affected by rainfall (there was a rainstorm on September 14). Two samples of material coating a steel beam in the WTC debris were also collected. The USGS ground crew also carried out on-the-ground reflectance spectroscopy measurements during daylight hours to field calibrate AVIRIS remote sensing data. Radiance calibration and rectification of the AVIRIS data were done at JPL/NASA. Surface reflectance calibration, spectral mapping, and interpretation were done at the USGS Imaging Spectroscopy Lab in Denver. The dust/debris and beam-insulation samples were analyzed for a variety of mineralogical and chemical parameters using Reflectance Spectroscopy (RS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), chemical analysis, and chemical leach test techniques in U.S. Geological Survey laboratories in Denver, Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01429","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Green, R., Swayze, G.A., Meeker, G., Sutley, S., Hoefen, T.M., Livo, K., Plumlee, G., Pavri, B., Sarture, C., Wilson, S., Hageman, P., Lamothe, P., Vance, J.S., Boardman, J., Brownfield, I., Gent, C., Morath, L.C., Taggart, J., Theodorakos, P.M., and Adams, M., 2001, Environmental studies of the World Trade Center area after the September 11, 2001 attack (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-429, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01429.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2667,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0429/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"New York City","otherGeospatial":"World Trade Center complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.02081489562988,\n 40.70543274083784\n ],\n [\n -74.00596618652344,\n 40.70543274083784\n ],\n [\n -74.00596618652344,\n 40.71688335199443\n ],\n [\n -74.02081489562988,\n 40.71688335199443\n ],\n [\n -74.02081489562988,\n 40.70543274083784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Robert O.","contributorId":56271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Robert O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meeker, Greg","contributorId":20802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutley, Steve","contributorId":11059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Livo, K. 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During this period, NASQAN operated a network of 40-42 stations in four of the largest river basins of the USA: the Colorado, the Columbia, the Mississippi (including the Missouri and Ohio), and the Rio Grande. The report contains surface-water quality data, streamflow data, field measurements (e.g. water temperature and pH), sediment-chemistry data, and quality-assurance data; interpretive products include annual and average loads, regression parameters for models used to estimate loads, sub-basin yield maps, maps depicting percent detections for censored constituents, and diagrams depicting flow-weighted average concentrations. Where possible, a regression model relating concentration to discharge and season was used for flux estimation. The interpretive context provided by annual loads includes identifying source and sink areas for constituents and estimating the loadings to receiving waters, such as reservoirs or the ocean. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014255","usgsCitation":"Kelly, V.J., Hooper, R.P., Aulenbach, B.T., and Janet, M., 2001, Concentrations and annual fluxes for selected water-quality constituents from the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) 1996-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4255, Unpaginated, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014255.","productDescription":"Unpaginated","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":443,"text":"National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8437,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Valerie J. vjkelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Valerie","email":"vjkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Janet, Mary","contributorId":62646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janet","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31514,"text":"ofr01476 - 2001 - Basement geophysical interpretation of the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA), Northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:14","indexId":"ofr01476","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-476","title":"Basement geophysical interpretation of the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA), Northern Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01476","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Hudson, T.L., and Phillips, J., 2001, Basement geophysical interpretation of the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA), Northern Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-476, 3 over-size sheets., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01476.","productDescription":"3 over-size sheets.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2694,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0476/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. 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Beach sand, cleared land, and cement are white or light blue.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr019","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001, Tampa Bay, Florida, March 22, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-9, 1 Plate: 27.68 x 41.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr019.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.68 x 41.43 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405640,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0009/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0009/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"110000","country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.935791015625,\n 27.15692045688088\n ],\n [\n -81.97998046875,\n 27.15692045688088\n ],\n [\n -81.97998046875,\n 28.285033294640684\n ],\n [\n -82.935791015625,\n 28.285033294640684\n ],\n [\n -82.935791015625,\n 27.15692045688088\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68688a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31460,"text":"ofr0145 - 2001 - A simple calculator of ballistic trajectories for blocks ejected during volcanic eruptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T11:49:38","indexId":"ofr0145","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-45","title":"A simple calculator of ballistic trajectories for blocks ejected during volcanic eruptions","docAbstract":"During the past century, numerous observers have described the violent ejection of large blocks and bombs from volcanoes during volcanic explosions. Minakami (1942) mapped the locations of blocks ejected from Asama Volcano during explosions in 1937. He developed a mathematical expression relating initial velocity and trajectory angle of ejected blocks to the ejection distance, taking into account air drag and assuming a constant drag coefficient. In the late 1950’s, Gorshkov (1959) estimated ejection velocities at Bezymianny volcano during its sector-collapse eruption. Wilson (1972) developed the first mathematical algorithm for ballistic trajectories in the volcanological literature (earlier ones had been available for military applications) that considered variations in drag coefficient with Reynolds number. Fagents and Wilson (1993) advanced the method of Wilson (1972) by considering the effect of reduced drag near the vent. From the 1970’s through the 1990’s other papers, too numerous to mention, have estimated volcanic ejection velocities from ballistic blocks. Since the early 1990’s there has been a decrease in the number of published papers that quantify ejection velocities from ballistic trajectories. This decrease has resulted in part from the appreciation that ejection velocities cannot be uniquely determined by ejection distance due to uncertainties in initial trajectory angle and drag force. On the other hand, the decrease in usage has coincided with an increase in the ease with which ballistic calculations can be made, due to the vast improvement in computer power and in the user-friendliness of computers. During the 1970’s, only volcanologists with mathematical acumen or those who could collaborate with applied mathematicians were able to make such estimates. With 21st century computer power, ballistic computation should be available to anyone as a back-of-the-envelope indicator of explosive power; the only factor preventing such usage is the lack of a user-friendly computer program. In this paper, I describe a program that can be used for quick ballistics calculations. The program, Eject!, was written in Microsoft Visual Basic® and operates on any personal computer running Microsoft® Windows 95 or later.\n\nInstructions on installing Eject! version 1.4\n1. Copy the file \"eject_1-4.zip\" to the hard drive of your Windows-based computer\n2. Unzip the files in \"eject_1-4.zip\"\n3. Double-click on the file \"setup.exe\". This will install the software on your computer.\n4. Once it is installed, go to the \"start\" button, the to \"programs.\" You will see the program in your program list.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0145","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., 2001, A simple calculator of ballistic trajectories for blocks ejected during volcanic eruptions (Originally posted November 2001; Updated November 2009): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-45, Report: iii, 13 p.; Exacutable program for Windows ZIP; Visual Basic 6 source code for version 1.4 ZIP, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0145.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 13 p.; Exacutable program for Windows ZIP; Visual Basic 6 source code for version 1.4 ZIP","numberOfPages":"18","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0145.jpg"},{"id":279331,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0045/"},{"id":279332,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0045/pdf/of2001-0045_v1-2.pdf"},{"id":279333,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0045/eject_1-4.zip"},{"id":279334,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0045/eject_1-4_source.zip"}],"edition":"Originally posted November 2001; Updated November 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a651f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31513,"text":"ofr01475 - 2001 - Colorado vermiculite deposits: mines, prospects, and occurrences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:14","indexId":"ofr01475","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-475","title":"Colorado vermiculite deposits: mines, prospects, and occurrences","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01475","usgsCitation":"VanGosen, B.S., and Bush, A., 2001, Colorado vermiculite deposits: mines, prospects, and occurrences (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-475, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01475.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2693,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0475/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae7da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGosen, Bradley S.","contributorId":83171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGosen","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, Alfred L.","contributorId":48977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Alfred L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31461,"text":"ofr0172 - 2001 - Preliminary mineralogical characterization of weathered and less-weathered strata of the Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation: Measured sections C and D, Dry Valley, Caribou County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T18:52:58.65175","indexId":"ofr0172","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-72","title":"Preliminary mineralogical characterization of weathered and less-weathered strata of the Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation: Measured sections C and D, Dry Valley, Caribou County, Idaho","docAbstract":"This study used powder X-ray diffraction, with Rietveld quantification software to quantify and characterize the mineralogy of the 83 samples collected from two stratigraphic sections measured by the U.S. Geological Survey at the Dry Valley mine in the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation. Analyses show extensive variability of carbonate substitution in the fluorapatite structure, determined by measuring the apatite a-cell dimension, as well as patterns of correlation between mineralogy and the stratigraphy.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0172","collaboration":"Prepared in Collaboration With: Bureau of Land Management, Forest Service, Agrium U.S. Inc., Astaris LLC, J.R. Simplot Company, Monsanto, Rhodia Inc.","usgsCitation":"Knudsen, A.C., Gunter, M.E., and Herring, J.R., 2001, Preliminary mineralogical characterization of weathered and less-weathered strata of the Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation: Measured sections C and D, Dry Valley, Caribou County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-72, Report: 69 p.; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0172.","productDescription":"Report: 69 p.; Readme","numberOfPages":"69","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404380,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_45593.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282049,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0072/readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2620,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0072/"},{"id":282050,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0072/pdf/of01-72.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Caribou 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Andrew C.","contributorId":72819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunter, Mickey E.","contributorId":52996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunter","given":"Mickey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herring, James R.","contributorId":95492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31509,"text":"ofr01464 - 2001 - Publications of Volcano Hazards Program 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-03T12:49:51","indexId":"ofr01464","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-464","title":"Publications of Volcano Hazards Program 2000","docAbstract":"The Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is part of the Geologic Hazards Assessments subactivity as funded by Congressional appropriation. Investigations are carried out in the Geology and Hydrology Disciplines of the USGS and with cooperators at the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, University of Utah, and University of Washington Geophysics Program.\n\nThis report lists publications from all these institutions. This report contains only published papers and maps; numerous abstracts produced for presentations at scientific meetings have not been included. Publications are included based on date of publication with no attempt to assign them to Fiscal Year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01464","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., 2001, Publications of Volcano Hazards Program 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-464, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01464.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2690,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0464/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0464/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59794,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0464/pdf/of01-464.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db6560e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31508,"text":"ofr01463 - 2001 - Results of chemical and stable isotopic analyses of water samples collected in the Patagonia Mountains, southern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:14","indexId":"ofr01463","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-463","title":"Results of chemical and stable isotopic analyses of water samples collected in the Patagonia Mountains, southern Arizona","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected in the Patagonia Mountains in February, 1997. Most of the samples were collected from portals of abandoned mines, or from stream drainages immediately downstream from abandoned mines. Most of the samples have low pH (<4) and high total dissolved solids (> 1000 mg/L). Anion composition of the water samples is dominated by sulfate, while cation compositions range from calcium-dominated to mixed calcium-magnesium or calcium-sodium-dominated waters. Metals such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, and aluminum contribute a significant portion (>10%) of the cation content to the water samples. Because of the low pH?s, protons contribute up to several percent of the cation character of the waters in some of the samples. The data are presented in tabular and graphical formats, with descriptions of data quality and brief descriptions of results.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01463","usgsCitation":"Wanty, R.B., Shanks, W.C., Lamothe, P., Meier, A.L., Lichte, F., Briggs, P.H., and Berger, B.R., 2001, Results of chemical and stable isotopic analyses of water samples collected in the Patagonia Mountains, southern Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-463, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01463.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2689,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0463/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624a1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":53432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul","contributorId":18728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lichte, Fred","contributorId":56272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":30973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":31498,"text":"ofr01443 - 2001 - Landslides triggered by Hurricane Mitch in Guatemala -- inventory and discussion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:13","indexId":"ofr01443","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-443","title":"Landslides triggered by Hurricane Mitch in Guatemala -- inventory and discussion","docAbstract":"The torrential rains that accompanied\r\nHurricane Mitch in October and November\r\nof 1998 triggered thousands of landslides in\r\nthe moderate to steep terrain bordering the\r\nMotagua and Polochic Rivers in eastern\r\nGuatemala. Using aerial photographs taken\r\nbetween January and March 2000 we\r\nmapped all visible landslides larger than\r\nabout 15 m in minimum dimension in a\r\nstudy area of 10,000 km2 encompassing\r\ntwenty 1:50,000-scale topographic map\r\nquadrangles.\r\nRainfall from Hurricane Mitch was\r\nexceptional because it was geographically\r\nwidespread, prolonged over a period of\r\nabout a week, moderate to heavy in intensity,\r\nand occurred at the end of the rainy season\r\nwhen the ground already had a high\r\nmoisture content. As documented in this\r\nreport, this type of rainfall, on saturated or\r\nnearly saturated ground, has the capability to\r\ntrigger both shallow and deep-seated landslides\r\nover a large area.\r\nWe mapped about 11,500 landslides in\r\nthe study area. The mapped landslides were\r\nof two general types: relatively small, translational\r\nand rotational landslides that commonly\r\nmobilized into debris flows and covered\r\nless than several hectares in area (not\r\nincluding flow paths), and large, commonly\r\ntranslational, landslides that sometimes generated\r\ndebris flows and covered between\r\n15 ha and 25 ha (not including flow paths).\r\nThe main concentrations of landslides are on\r\nmoderate-to-steep hillslopes underlain by\r\ndiverse geologic units. For the purpose of\r\ndescribing the mapped landslides, we divided\r\nthe study area into five distinct regions\r\nbased on differing geologic and geomorphic\r\ncharacteristics. These regions include the\r\nupper Polochic valley and surrounding highlands,\r\nthe central Sierra de las Minas, the\r\nhills surrounding La Union and Zacapa, the\r\neastern Sierra de las Minas, and the border\r\nregion with Honduras. All of these areas\r\nreceived between 200 mm and 600 mm of\r\nrain over a 13-day period between October\r\n25 and November 6. The highest rainfall\r\namounts (400 mm to 600 mm) occurred in\r\nthe Upper Polochic valley and surrounding\r\nhighlands and in the central Sierra de las\r\nMinas. The lower rainfall amounts (200 mm\r\nto 400 mm) occurred in the hills surrounding\r\nLa Union, the eastern Sierra de las\r\nMinas, and in the border region with\r\nHonduras. In general, the rainfall received in\r\nthese areas is roughly equivalent to the average\r\nprecipitation received in a 1-year period.\r\nWe used 10-m digital elevation models\r\n(DEMs) generated from contours on two\r\nquadrangles in the central Sierra de las\r\nMinas to create a map showing areas that\r\nwere susceptible to landslides during\r\nHurricane Mitch. To create the Hurricane\r\nMitch susceptibility map, we developed a\r\nsusceptibility threshold equation based on\r\nelevation and gradient. The analysis indicates\r\nthat, at least on two quadrangles, gradients\r\nless than 9? were not susceptible to\r\nlandslides during Hurricane Mitch. The\r\nslope of the line defined by the threshold\r\nequation indicates that less rainfall was\r\nrequired to initiate landslides on steep gradients\r\nthan on shallow gradients. Ninety percent\r\nof the mapped landslides that were triggered\r\nby Hurricane Mitch are within the\r\nsusceptible zone shown on the map. Eightysix\r\npercent of landslides that were mapped\r\nas predating Hurricane Mitch, and all landslides\r\nmapped as postdating Hurricane\r\nMitch, are within the susceptible zone.\r\nWe used LAHARZ software to model the\r\npotential downstream area affected by debris\r\nif a large landslide dam on the Rio La Lima\r\nwere to fail. The model shows that the area\r\naffected would be similar to the area that\r\nwas affected by a debris flow that mobilized\r\nfrom a large landslide along the Rio La\r\nLima during Hurricane Mitch.\r\nThe characteristics of rainfall-triggered\r\nlandslides described in this report can be\r\nused as a partial guide to future landslide\r\nactivity triggered by rainstorms. On the\r\nbasis of existing data, hazardous areas\r\ninclude: moderate to steep hillslopes and\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01443","usgsCitation":"Bucknam, R.C., Coe, J.A., Chavarria, M.M., Godt, J.W., Tarr, A.C., Bradley, L., Rafferty, S.A., Hancock, D., Dart, R.L., and Johnson, M.L., 2001, Landslides triggered by Hurricane Mitch in Guatemala -- inventory and discussion (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-443, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01443.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2682,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0443/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a91b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bucknam, Robert C.","contributorId":104490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucknam","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chavarria, Manuel Mota","contributorId":39024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavarria","given":"Manuel","email":"","middleInitial":"Mota","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradley, Lee-Ann bradley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"bradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rafferty, Sharon A.","contributorId":33360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hancock, Dean","contributorId":73652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hancock","given":"Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Johnson, Margo L.","contributorId":54626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Margo","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":31462,"text":"ofr01114 - 2001 - Potentiometric surfaces of the intermediate aquifer system, west-central Florida, September 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-23T13:57:29","indexId":"ofr01114","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-114","title":"Potentiometric surfaces of the intermediate aquifer system, west-central Florida, September 2000","docAbstract":"The intermediate aquifer system underlies a 5,000-square-mile area within the Southwest Florida Water Management District including De Soto, Sarasota, Hardee, Manatee, and parts of Charlotte, Hillsborough, Highlands, Polk, and Lee Counties. The intermediate aquifer system is overlain by the surficial aquifer system and is underlain by the Floridan aquifer system. The intermediate aquifer system consists of layers of sand, shell, clay, calcareous clay, limestone, and dolomite of the Tamiami Formation and Hawthorn Group of Oligocene to Pleistocene age (Wingard and others, 1995). The intermediate aquifer system contains one or more water-bearing units separated by discontinuous confining units. The intermediate aquifer system is the principal source of potable water in the southwestern part of the study area and is widely used as a source of water where wells are open to the intermediate aquifer system or to both the intermediate and Floridan aquifer systems. Yields of individual wells open to the intermediate aquifer system vary from a few gallons to several hundred gallons per minute. The volume of water withdrawn from the intermediate aquifer system is considerably less than that withdrawn from the Floridan aquifer system in the study area (Duerr and others, 1988).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01114","usgsCitation":"Duerr, A.D., 2001, Potentiometric surfaces of the intermediate aquifer system, west-central Florida, September 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-114, 28.53 x 31.61 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01114.","productDescription":"28.53 x 31.61 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":59786,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0114/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Florida","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db682181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duerr, A. D.","contributorId":29821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duerr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70161995,"text":"70161995 - 2001 - The cave associated amphibians of Great Smoky Mountains National Park: review and monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T13:42:58","indexId":"70161995","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2542,"text":"Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The cave associated amphibians of Great Smoky Mountains National Park: review and monitoring","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C.K., and Griffey, M.L., 2001, The cave associated amphibians of Great Smoky Mountains National Park: review and monitoring: Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, v. 117, no. 3, p. 139-149.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"149","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/jncas/id/3662/rec/2"}],"volume":"117","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e066e4b039675d005e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C. Kenneth Jr.","contributorId":89215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffey, Marian L.","contributorId":81047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffey","given":"Marian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31465,"text":"ofr01149 - 2001 - Altitude and configuration of the regional potentiometric surface, Willow Grove Naval Air Station/Joint Reserve Base and vicinity, Horsham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, October 7-8, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-09T12:52:01","indexId":"ofr01149","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-149","title":"Altitude and configuration of the regional potentiometric surface, Willow Grove Naval Air Station/Joint Reserve Base and vicinity, Horsham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, October 7-8, 1999","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., Goode, D., and Way, J.H., 2001, Altitude and configuration of the regional potentiometric surface, Willow Grove Naval Air Station/Joint Reserve Base and vicinity, Horsham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, October 7-8, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-149, 22.0 x 34.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01149.","productDescription":"22.0 x 34.0 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0149/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2622,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0149/ofr20010149.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2001-0149"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The distribution of 2,690 gold-silver-bearing occurrences in the Nevada Great Basin was examined in terms of spatial association with various geological phenomena. Analysis of these relationships, using GIS and weights of evidence modelling techniques, has predicted areas of high mineral potential where little or no mining activity exists. Mineral potential maps for sedimentary (\"disseminated\") and volcanic (\"epithermal\") rock-hosted gold-silver mineralization revealed two distinct patterns that highlight two sets of crustal-scale geologic features that likely control the regional distribution of these deposit types.
The weights of evidence method is a probability-based technique for mapping mineral potential using the spatial distribution of known mineral occurrences. Mineral potential maps predicting the distribution of gold-silver-bearing occurrences were generated from structural, geochemical, geomagnetic, gravimetric, lithologic, and lithotectonic-related deposit-indicator factors. The maps successfully predicted nearly 70% of the total number of known occurrences, including ~83% of sedimentary and ~60% of volcanic rock-hosted types. Sedimentary and volcanic rockhosted mineral potential maps showed high spatial correlation (an area cross-tabulation agreement of 85% and 73%, respectively) with expert-delineated mineral permissive tracts. In blind tests, the sedimentary and volcanic rock-hosted mineral potential maps predicted 10 out of 12 and 5 out of 5 occurrences, respectively. The key mineral predictor factors, in order of importance, were determined to be: geology (including lithology, structure, and lithotectonic terrane), geochemistry (indication of alteration), and geophysics.
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