{"pageNumber":"3061","pageRowStart":"76500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184776,"records":[{"id":30990,"text":"wri014255 - 2001 - Concentrations and annual fluxes for selected water-quality constituents from the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) 1996-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:00","indexId":"wri014255","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4255","title":"Concentrations and annual fluxes for selected water-quality constituents from the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) 1996-2000","docAbstract":"This report contains concentrations and annual mass fluxes (loadings) for a broad range of water-quality constituents measured during 1996-2000 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN). During this period, NASQAN operated a network of 40-42 stations in four of the largest river basins of the USA: the Colorado, the Columbia, the Mississippi (including the Missouri and Ohio), and the Rio Grande. The report contains surface-water quality data, streamflow data, field measurements (e.g. water temperature and pH), sediment-chemistry data, and quality-assurance data; interpretive products include annual and average loads, regression parameters for models used to estimate loads, sub-basin yield maps, maps depicting percent detections for censored constituents, and diagrams depicting flow-weighted average concentrations. Where possible, a regression model relating concentration to discharge and season was used for flux estimation. The interpretive context provided by annual loads includes identifying source and sink areas for constituents and estimating the loadings to receiving waters, such as reservoirs or the ocean. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014255","usgsCitation":"Kelly, V.J., Hooper, R.P., Aulenbach, B.T., and Janet, M., 2001, Concentrations and annual fluxes for selected water-quality constituents from the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) 1996-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4255, Unpaginated, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014255.","productDescription":"Unpaginated","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":443,"text":"National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8437,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Valerie J. vjkelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Valerie","email":"vjkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Janet, Mary","contributorId":62646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janet","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30675,"text":"ds72 - 2001 - 2000 Multibeam sonar survey of Crater Lake, Oregon - Data, GIS, images, and movies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-06T21:54:54.688706","indexId":"ds72","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72","title":"2000 Multibeam sonar survey of Crater Lake, Oregon - Data, GIS, images, and movies","docAbstract":"In the summer of 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Seafloor Mapping Project in cooperation with the National Park Service, and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire used a state-of-the-art multibeam sonar system to collect high-resolution bathymetry and calibrated, co-registered acoustic backscatter to support both biological and geological research in the Crater Lake area. This interactive CD-ROM contains the multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data, along with an ESRI ArcExplorer project (and software), images, and movies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds72","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., and Dartnell, P., 2001, 2000 Multibeam sonar survey of Crater Lake, Oregon - Data, GIS, images, and movies (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 72, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds72.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-07-28","temporalEnd":"2000-08-03","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12401,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-72/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403111,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46635.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.08625793457031,\n              42.896088552971065\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05535888671875,\n              42.91620643817353\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.03750610351564,\n              42.95742757637941\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06977844238281,\n              42.982548873720326\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12196350097656,\n              42.98204654832571\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.18101501464844,\n              42.95742757637941\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1782684326172,\n              42.92877678228981\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.15011596679688,\n              42.90162162590301\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08625793457031,\n              42.896088552971065\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491ce4b0b290850eee61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30983,"text":"wri20004230 - 2001 - Relation of Mercury to Other Chemical Constituents in Ground Water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer System, New Jersey Coastal Plain, and Mechanisms for Mobilization of Mercury from Sediments to Ground Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri20004230","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4230","title":"Relation of Mercury to Other Chemical Constituents in Ground Water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer System, New Jersey Coastal Plain, and Mechanisms for Mobilization of Mercury from Sediments to Ground Water","docAbstract":"Water from 265 domestic wells that tap the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey contained concentrations of mercury that are equal to or exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 2 ug/L (micrograms per liter). The wells range in depth from 50 to 200 feet, and are located in 32 discrete, mostly residential, areas that were developed primarily on former agricultural land during the 1950?s through the 1970?s. Concentrations in two other areas exceeded 1 ug/L. Naturally occurring mercury concentrations in ground water from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system typically are less than 0.01 ug/L, but concentrations in water from some wells were as much as 42 ug/L. No evidence currently exists that conclusively links known point sources such as landfills, industrial operations, or commercial enterprises to most of the elevated concentrations of mercury in ground water in the residential areas. Possible sources of the mercury include pesticides and atmospheric deposition. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of water from wells in 6 of the 34 areas for other constituents indicates that nitrate concentrations also commonly are elevated above background levels (which typically are undetectable at 0.01 milligrams per liter), and exceed the MCL of 10 milligrams per liter in some samples. Several volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including chloroform, also have been measured in water from wells at many of the 34 sites. Analytical results for water samples collected at several depths from boreholes at 2 of the 34 sites indicate elevated concentrations of calcium, magnesium, barium, strontium, nitrate, and chloride, which may be related to both agricultural chemical applications and septic-system effluent. Determinations of tritium and helium concentrations indicate that water containing elevated concentrations of mercury recharged the aquifer between 9.4 and 79 years ago, which includes the period during which many of the 34 sites were undergoing a change from agricultural or undeveloped to residential land use. \r\n\r\nBatch equilibrium experiments were used to measure adsorption of dissolved mercury, mercuric chloride, and phenylmercuric acetate by aquifer sediments at pH 3.5-4.0, 4.5-5.0, and 5.5-6.0. In nearly all cases, 55 to 95 percent of the mercury added to the sediments was adsorbed. Mercury mobilization from aquifer sediments inoculated with mercury was investigated by leaching the sediments with two concentrations of nitric acid (a component of acid rain), a sodium chloride solution (simulating road salt), and three fertilizer solutions. A solution of 20-20-20 (nitrogenphosphorous-potassium) fertilizer removed virtually all of the mercury with which the sediments had been inoculated. The sodium chloride solution was moderately effective in removing applied mercury from the sediments, as was a solution of nitric acid. A more dilute nitric acid solution and two sodium nitrate fertilizer solutions were less effective. \r\n\r\nResults of these experiments indicate that mercury adsorbs to aquifer sediments, but that varying amounts can be removed by infiltrating solutions, some of which can be related to specific land uses. Land-use history at the 34 sites generally indicates a change from agricultural or undeveloped settings to residential settings. Whatever the source of mercury to these sites, a change in the geochemical environment of the soil and aquifer brought about by land-use change probably provides mechanisms for mobilizing the mercury from soils and sediments to ground water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20004230","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection ","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., and MacLeod, C., 2001, Relation of Mercury to Other Chemical Constituents in Ground Water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer System, New Jersey Coastal Plain, and Mechanisms for Mobilization of Mercury from Sediments to Ground Water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4230, vii, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004230.","productDescription":"vii, 72 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11707,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.75,38.75 ], [ -75.75,40.75 ], [ -73.75,40.75 ], [ -73.75,38.75 ], [ -75.75,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634cca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacLeod, Cecilia L.","contributorId":62250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"Cecilia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31468,"text":"ofr01262 - 2001 - Spatial digital database for the geologic map of the east part of the Pullman 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T14:46:03.860404","indexId":"ofr01262","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-262","title":"Spatial digital database for the geologic map of the east part of the Pullman 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>The paper geologic map of the east part of the Pullman 1° x 2° degree quadrangle, Idaho (Rember and Bennett, 1979) was scanned and initially attributed by Optronics Specialty Co., Inc. (Northridge, CA) and remitted to the U.S. Geological Survey for further attribution and publication of the geospatial digital files. The resulting digital geologic map GIS can be queried in many ways to produce a variety of geologic maps. This digital geospatial database is one of many being created by the U.S. Geological Survey as an ongoing effort to provide geologic information in a geographic information system (GIS) for use in spatial analysis. Digital base map data files (topography, roads, towns, rivers and lakes, and others.) are not included: they may be obtained from a variety of commercial and government sources. This database is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale larger than 1:250,000 (for example, 1:100,000 or 1:24,000). The digital geologic map graphics and plot files (pull250k.gra/.hp /.eps) that are provided in the digital package are representations of the digital database.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01262","usgsCitation":"Rember, W.C., and Bennett, E.H., 2001, Spatial digital database for the geologic map of the east part of the Pullman 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-262, Report: 29 p.; 1 Plate: 33.00 x 28.00 inches; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01262.","productDescription":"Report: 29 p.; 1 Plate: 33.00 x 28.00 inches; Readme; Metadata","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01262.jpg"},{"id":282636,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/PULL250K.MET"},{"id":282632,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282638,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/of01-262.tar.Z"},{"id":282637,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/PULL250K.EPS"},{"id":397741,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_45591.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282634,"rank":8,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/pdf/of01-262.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282635,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/00README.TXT","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":282633,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0262/pdf/pull_map.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Pullman quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.05,46.0 ], [ -117.05,47.0 ], [ -116.0,47.0 ], [ -116.0,46.0 ], [ -117.05,46.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e5044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rember, William C.","contributorId":107748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rember","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Earl H.","contributorId":97093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31516,"text":"ofr01499 - 2001 - Temporal changes in grain size and organic-mineral aggregates in surficial sediments near the Massachusetts Bay outfall site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T12:04:21","indexId":"ofr01499","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-499","title":"Temporal changes in grain size and organic-mineral aggregates in surficial sediments near the Massachusetts Bay outfall site","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01499","usgsCitation":"Rendigs, R.R., and Bothner, M., 2001, Temporal changes in grain size and organic-mineral aggregates in surficial sediments near the Massachusetts Bay outfall site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-499, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01499.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0499/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59795,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0499/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68569f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rendigs, Richard R.","contributorId":56652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rendigs","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38278,"text":"pp1653 - 2001 - Diagenesis and fracture development in the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin: Implications for reservoir quality in the middle member","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-29T13:41:31.479429","indexId":"pp1653","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1653","title":"Diagenesis and fracture development in the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin: Implications for reservoir quality in the middle member","docAbstract":"The middle member of the Bakken Formation is an attractive petroleum exploration target in the deeper part of the Williston Basin because it is favorably positioned with respect to source and seal units. Progressive rates of burial and minor uplift and erosion of this member led to a stable thermal regime and, consequently, minor variations in diagenesis across much of the basin. The simple diagenetic history recorded in sandstones and siltstones in the middle member can, in part, be attributed to the closed, low-permeability nature of the Bakken petroleum system during most of its burial history. Most diagenesis ceased in the middle member when oil entered the sandstones and siltstones in the Late Cretaceous. Most oil in the Bakken Formation resides in open, horizontal fractures in the middle member. Core analysis reveals that sandstones and siltstones associated with thick mature shales typically have a greater density of fractures than sandstones and siltstones associated with thin mature shales. Fractures were caused by superlithostatic pressures that formed in response to increased fluid volumes in the source rocks during hydrocarbon generation","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1653","usgsCitation":"Pitman, J.K., Price, L.C., and LeFever, J.A., 2001, Diagenesis and fracture development in the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin: Implications for reservoir quality in the middle member: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1653, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1653.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3506,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1653/p1653.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395174,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43740.htm"},{"id":123820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1653.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Bakken Formation, Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.054,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.054,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.054,\n              46.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dc37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Leigh C.","contributorId":39379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeFever, Julie A.","contributorId":43408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeFever","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30985,"text":"wri014135 - 2001 - Steady-state flow distribution and monthly flow duration in selected branches of St. Clair and Detroit rivers within the Great Lakes waterway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T15:57:37","indexId":"wri014135","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4135","title":"Steady-state flow distribution and monthly flow duration in selected branches of St. Clair and Detroit rivers within the Great Lakes waterway","docAbstract":"<p>St. Clair and Detroit Rivers are connecting channels between Lake Huron and Lake Erie in the Great Lakes waterway, and form part of the boundary between the United States and Canada. St. Clair River, the upper connecting channel, drains 222,400 square miles and has an average flow of about 182,000 cubic feet per second. Water from St. Clair River combines with local inflows and discharges into Lake St. Clair before flowing into Detroit River. In some reaches of St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, islands and dikes split the flow into two to four branches. Even when the flow in a reach is known, proportions of flows within individual branches of a reach are uncertain. Simple linear regression equations, subject to a flow continuity constraint, are developed to provide estimators of these proportions and flows. The equations are based on 533 paired measurements of flow in 13 reaches forming 31 branches. The equations provide a means for computing the expected values and uncertainties of steady-state flows on the basis of flow conditions specified at the upstream boundaries of the waterway. In 7 upstream reaches, flow is considered fixed because it can be determined on the basis of flows specified at waterway boundaries and flow continuity. In these reaches, the uncertainties of flow proportions indicated by the regression equations can be used directly to determine the uncertainties of the corresponding flows. In the remaining 6 downstream reaches, flow is considered uncertain because these reaches do not receive flow from all the branches of an upstream reach, or they receive flow from some branches of more than one upstream reach. Monte Carlo simulation analysis is used to quantify this increase in uncertainty associated with the propagation of uncertainties from upstream reaches to downstream reaches. To eliminate the need for Monte Carlo simulations for routine calculations, polynomial regression equations are developed to approximate the variation in uncertainties as a function of flow at the headwaters of St. Clair River. Finally, monthly flow-duration data on the main channels of St. Clair and Detroit Rivers are used with the equations developed in this report to estimate the steady-state flow-duration characteristics of selected branches. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri014135","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Koschik, J., 2001, Steady-state flow distribution and monthly flow duration in selected branches of St. Clair and Detroit rivers within the Great Lakes waterway: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4135, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014135.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014135.JPG"},{"id":2978,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014135","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River, St. Clair River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.83004760742188,\n              42.5034904213673\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.83004760742188,\n              43.09095496313368\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.12142944335938,\n              43.09095496313368\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.12142944335938,\n              42.5034904213673\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.83004760742188,\n              42.5034904213673\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.287353515625,\n              42.0064481470799\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.287353515625,\n              42.405206634470666\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8643798828125,\n              42.405206634470666\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8643798828125,\n              42.0064481470799\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.287353515625,\n              42.0064481470799\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b464b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koschik, J.A.","contributorId":101711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschik","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":58059,"text":"wri20014161 - 2001 - Assessment of habitat, fish communities, and streamflow requirements for habitat protection, Ipswich River, Massachusetts, 1998-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T16:58:03.327195","indexId":"wri20014161","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4161","title":"Assessment of habitat, fish communities, and streamflow requirements for habitat protection, Ipswich River, Massachusetts, 1998-99","docAbstract":"<p><span>The relations among stream habitat, fish communities, and hydrologic conditions were investigated in the Ipswich River Basin in northeastern Massachusetts. Data were assessed from 27 sites on the mainstem of the Ipswich River from July to September 1998 and from 10 sites on 5 major tributaries in July and August 1999. Habitat assessments made in 1998 determined that in a year with sustained streamflow for most of the summer, the Ipswich River contains diverse, high-quality aquatic habitat. Channel types are predominantly low gradient glides, pools, and impoundments, with a sandy streambed and a forest or shrub riparian zone. Features that provide fish habitat are located mostly along stream margins; these features include overhanging brush, undercut banks, exposed roots, and woody debris. These habitat features decrease in availability to aquatic communities with declining streamflows and generally become unavailable after streamflows drop to the point where the edge of water recedes from the stream banks.</span><br><br><span>The mainstem and tributaries were sampled to determine fish species composition, relative abundance, and length frequency. Fish sampling indicates that the fish community in the Ipswich River is currently a warm-water fish community dominated by pond-type fish. However, historical temperature data, and survival of stocked trout in the mainstem Ipswich into late summer of 1998, indicate that the Ipswich River potentially could support cold-water fish species if adequate flows are maintained. Dominant fish species sampled in the mainstem Ipswich River were redfin pickerel (</span><i>Esox americanus</i><span>), American eel (</span><i>Anguilla rostrata</i><span>), and pumpkinseed (</span><i>Lepomis gibbosus</i><span>), which together represented 41, 22, and 10 percent, respectively, of 4,745 fish sampled. The fish communities of the mainstem and tributaries contained few fluvial-dependent or fluvial-specialist species (requiring flow), and were dominated by macrohabitat generalists (tolerant of low-flow, warm-water, and ponded conditions). In comparison to a nearby river (Lamprey River, N.H.), and a reference fish community developed for inland New England streams, the Ipswich fish community would be expected to have appreciably higher percentages of fluvial-dependent and fluvial-specialist species were streamflows restored.</span><br><br><span>Four riffle sites on the mainstem of the Ipswich River were identified as critical habitat areas because they are among the first sites to exhibit fish-passage problems or to dry during low flows. A watershed-scale precipitation-runoff model previously developed for the Ipswich River was used to simulate streamflows at these four sites for the period 1961­95 under no withdrawals (for water supply) and 1991 land use to evaluate habitat suitability under conditions that approximate the natural flow conditions. These simulated flows were used to calculate streamflow requirements by the Tennant and New England Aquatic-Base-Flow methods. Stream channels were surveyed at the critical riffle sites, and Water Surface Profile models were used to simulate streamflows and hydraulic characteristics needed for determining streamflow requirements by use of the Wetted-Perimeter and R2Cross methods. Normalized by drainage area to units of cubic feet per second per square mile, these methods yielded the following streamflow requirements: 0.50 cubic feet per second per square mile for the Tennant 30-percent Q</span><sub>MA</sub><span>&nbsp;method, 0.42 cubic feet per second per square mile for the wetted-perimeter value necessary to maintain wetted perimeter at three altered riffle sites, 0.42 cubic feet per second per square mile for the R2Cross value required to maintain R2Cross hydraulic criteria at a natural riffle site, and 0.34 cubic feet per second per square mile for the aquatic-base-flow median of monthly mean flows for August for the simulated 1961­95 period under no withdrawals and 1991 land use. The mean streamflow requirement determined from these four methods is 0.42 cubic feet per second per square mile. This flow would represent an average flow-exceedence value for the six study sites of about 77 percent under simulated flows with no withdrawals. For these flows, the 70-, 80-, and 90-percent exceedence flows averaged 0.59, 0.37, and 0.21 cubic feet per second per square mile, respectively, and the 7-day, 10-year low flow statistic at the two gaged sites averaged 0.08 cubic feet per second per square mile. Simulated flows under no withdrawals were used to determine monthly mean flows and other flow statistics used in the Range of Variability Approach to define a flow regime that mimics the river's natural flow regime.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management; Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection; and the Massachusetts Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Environmental Law Enforcement, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, D.S., Richards, T.A., and Parker, G.W., 2001, Assessment of habitat, fish communities, and streamflow requirements for habitat protection, Ipswich River, Massachusetts, 1998-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4161, Report: vi, 72 p.; 4 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014161.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 72 p.; 4 Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9425,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4161/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184150,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":423582,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49779.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Ipswich River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.2,\n              42.6889\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.2,\n              42.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.8,\n              42.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.8,\n              42.6889\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.2,\n              42.6889\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672945","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, David S. 0000-0003-1695-1233 darmstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-1233","contributorId":1390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"David","email":"darmstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richards, Todd A.","contributorId":52266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Gene W. gwparker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Gene","email":"gwparker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31476,"text":"ofr01394 - 2001 - Implications for the formation of the Hollywood Basin from gravity interpretations of the northern Los Angeles Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T14:47:41.223497","indexId":"ofr01394","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-394","title":"Implications for the formation of the Hollywood Basin from gravity interpretations of the northern Los Angeles Basin, California","docAbstract":"Gravity data provide insights on the complex tectonic history and structural development of the northern Los Angeles Basin region. The Hollywood basin appears to be a long (> 12 km), narrow (up to 2 km wide) trough lying between the Santa Monica Mountains and the Wilshire arch. In the deepest parts of the Hollywood basin, the modeled average thickness ranges from roughly 250 m if filled with only Quaternary sediments to approximately 600 m if Pliocene sediments are also present. Interpretations of conflicting drill hole data force us to consider both these scenarios. Because of the marked density contrast between the dense Santa Monica Mountains and the low-density sediments in the Los Angeles Basin, the gravity method is particularly useful in mapping the maximum displacement along the Santa Monica-Hollywood-Raymond fault zone. The gravity-defined Santa Monica–Hollywood fault zone deviates, in places, from the mapped active fault and fold scarps located with boreholes and trenching and by geomorphological mapping by Dolan and others (1997). Our models suggest that the Santa Monica–Hollywood fault zone dips northward approximately 63°. Three structural models are considered for the origin of the Hollywood basin: pull-apart basin, flexural basin, and a basin related to a back limb of a major fold. Although our preferred structural model involves flexure, the available geologic and geophysical data do not preclude contributions to the deepening of the basin from one or both of the other two models.\n\nOf particular interest is that the distribution of red-tagged buildings and structures damaged by the Northridge earthquake has a strong spatial correlation with the axis of the Hollywood basin defined by the gravity data. Several explanations for this correlation are explored, but two preferred geologic factors for the amplification of ground motion besides local site effects are (1) focussing of energy by a fault along the axis of the Hollywood basin and (2) focussing effects related to differential refraction of seismic rays across the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01394","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T.G., Davidson, J.G., Ponti, D.J., and Langenheim, V., 2001, Implications for the formation of the Hollywood Basin from gravity interpretations of the northern Los Angeles Basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-394, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01394.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59790,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0394/pdf/of01-394.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0394/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2631,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0394/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.5,33.666667 ], [ -118.5,34.166667 ], [ -118.0,34.166667 ], [ -118.0,33.666667 ], [ -118.5,33.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f84c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, Jeffrey G.","contributorId":35367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ponti, Daniel J. 0000-0002-2437-5144 dponti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5144","contributorId":1020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","email":"dponti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31515,"text":"ofr01479 - 2001 - Geologic map of the Lake Mathews 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T14:43:11.878138","indexId":"ofr01479","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-479","title":"Geologic map of the Lake Mathews 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"Open-File Report 01-479 contains a digital geologic map database of the Lake Mathews 7.5’ quadrangle, Riverside County, California that includes:\n\nARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute, http://www.esri.com) version 7.2.1 coverages of the various elements of the geologic map.\nA PostScript file to plot the geologic map on a topographic base, containing a Correlation of Map Units diagram (CMU), a Description of Map Units (DMU), and an index map.\nPortable Document Format (.pdf) files of:\na. This Readme; includes in Appendix I, data contained in lkm_met.txt\n\nb. The same graphic as plotted in 2 above. Test plots have not produced 1:24,000-scale map sheets. Adobe Acrobat page size setting influences map scale.\n\nThe Correlation of Map Units and Description of Map Units is in the editorial format of USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series (I-series) maps but has not been edited to comply with I-map standards. Within the geologic map data package, map units are identified by standard geologic map criteria such as formation-name, age, and lithology. Where known, grain size is indicated on the map by a subscripted letter or letters following the unit symbols as follows: lg, large boulders; b, boulder; g, gravel; a, arenaceous; s, silt; c, clay; e.g. Qyfa is a predominantly young alluvial fan deposit that is arenaceous.Multiple letters are used for more specific identification or for mixed units, e.g., Qfysa is a silty sand.In some cases, mixed units are indicated by a compound symbol; e.g., Qyf2sc. Marine deposits are in part overlain by local, mostly alluvial fan, deposits and are labeled Qomf. Grain size follows f.\n\nEven though this is an Open-File report and includes the standard USGS Open-File disclaimer, the report closely adheres to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. Descriptions of units can be obtained by viewing or plotting the .pdf file (3b above) or plotting the postscript file (2 above).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01479","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Division of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Morton, D.M., and Weber, F., 2001, Geologic map of the Lake Mathews 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-479, Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 48.00 x 35.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01479.","productDescription":"Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 48.00 x 35.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01479.jpg"},{"id":2695,"rank":9,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0479/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283170,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0479/pdf/lkm_map.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283171,"rank":8,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0479/README.txt"},{"id":283172,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0479/lkm_met.txt"},{"id":283173,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0479/lkm.tar.gz"},{"id":283169,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0479/pdf/README.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283175,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0479/lkm_map.ps.gz"},{"id":283174,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0479/symbols.tar.gz"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.5,33.75 ], [ -117.5,33.875 ], [ -117.375,33.875 ], [ -117.375,33.75 ], [ -117.5,33.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696778","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, F. Harold","contributorId":74764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"F. Harold","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31502,"text":"ofr01450 - 2001 - Geologic map of the Sunnymead 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T14:44:55.094593","indexId":"ofr01450","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-450","title":"Geologic map of the Sunnymead 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"Open-File Report 01-450 contains a digital geologic map database of the Sunnymead 7.5’ quadrangle, Riverside County, California that includes:\n\nARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute, http:/www.esri.com) version 7.2.1 coverages of the various elements of the geologic map.\nA Postscript file to plot the geologic map on a topographic base, containing a Correlation of Map Units diagram (CMU), a Description of Map Units (DMU), and an index map.\nPortable Document Format (.pdf) files of:\na. This Readme; includes in Appendix I, data contained in sun_met.txt\n\nb. The same graphic as plotted in 2 above. Test plots have not produced 1:24,000-scale map sheets. Adobe Acrobat page size setting influences map scale.\n\nThe Correlation of Map Units and Description of Map Units is in the editorial format of USGS Geologic Investigations Series (I-series) maps but has not been edited to comply with I-map standards. Within the geologic map data package, map units are identified by standard geologic map criteria such as formation-name, age, and lithology. Where known, grain size is indicated on the map by a subscripted letter or letters following the unit symbols as follows: lg, large boulders; b, boulder; g, gravel; a, arenaceous; s, silt; c, clay; e.g. Qyfa is a predominantly young alluvial fan deposit that is arenaceous. Multiple letters are used for more specific identification or for mixed units, e.g., Qfysa is a silty sand. In some cases, mixed units are indicated by a compound symbol; e.g., Qyf2sc. Marine deposits are in part overlain by local, mostly alluvial fan, deposits and are labeled Qomf. Grain size follows f.\n\nEven though this is an Open-File Report and includes the standard USGS Open-File disclaimer, the report closely adheres to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. Descriptions of units can be obtained by viewing or plotting the .pdf file (3b above) or plotting the postscript file (2 above).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01450","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Division of Mines and Geology and U.S. Air Force","usgsCitation":"Morton, D.M., and Matti, J.C., 2001, Geologic map of the Sunnymead 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-450, Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 48.00 x 35.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01450.","productDescription":"Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 48.00 x 35.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Database","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2685,"rank":9,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0450/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283154,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0450/sun_map.ps.gz"},{"id":283153,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0450/symbols.tar.gz"},{"id":283152,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0450/sun.tar.gz"},{"id":283151,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0450/sun_met.txt"},{"id":283149,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0450/pdf/sun_map.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283148,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0450/pdf/README.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283150,"rank":8,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0450/README.txt"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,33.875 ], [ -117.25,34.0 ], [ 117.125,34.0 ], [ 117.125,33.875 ], [ -117.25,33.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matti, Jonathan C. jmatti@usgs.gov","contributorId":3666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmatti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31467,"text":"ofr01216 - 2001 - Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the Dead Sea fault system, Jordan and Israel: contour interval 2 mGal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T11:59:52","indexId":"ofr01216","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-216","title":"Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the Dead Sea fault system, Jordan and Israel: contour interval 2 mGal","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01216","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Al-Zoubi, A., and Rybakov, M., 2001, Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the Dead Sea fault system, Jordan and Israel: contour interval 2 mGal: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-216, 1 map :col. ;225 x 43 cm., on sheet 143 x 120 cm., folded to 49 x 31 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01216.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;225 x 43 cm., on sheet 143 x 120 cm., folded to 49 x 31 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2624,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of01-216/index.html ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe052","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Al-Zoubi, Abdallah","contributorId":15667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Zoubi","given":"Abdallah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rybakov, Michael","contributorId":27102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybakov","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31477,"text":"ofr01400 - 2001 - Facies analysis of Tertiary basin-filling rocks of the Death Valley regional ground-water system and surrounding areas, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"ofr01400","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-400","title":"Facies analysis of Tertiary basin-filling rocks of the Death Valley regional ground-water system and surrounding areas, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"Existing hydrologic models of the Death Valley region typically have defined the Cenozoic basins as those areas that are covered by recent surficial deposits, and have treated the basin-fill deposits that are concealed under alluvium as a single unit with uniform hydrologic properties throughout the region, and with depth. Although this latter generalization was known to be flawed, it evidently was made because available geologic syntheses did not provide the basis for a more detailed characterization. As an initial attempt to address this problem, this report presents a compilation and synthesis of existing and new surface and subsurface data on the lithologic variations between and within the Cenozoic basin fills of this region. The most permeable lithologies in the Cenozoic basin fills are freshwater limestones, unaltered densely welded tuffs, and little-consolidated coarse alluvium. The least permeable lithologies are playa claystones, altered nonwelded tuffs, and tuffaceous and clay-matrix sediments of several types. In all but the youngest of the basin fills, permeability probably decreases strongly with depth owing to a typically increasing abundance of volcanic ash or clay in the matrices of the clastic sediments with increasing age (and therefore with increasing depth in general), and to increasing consolidation and alteration (both hydrothermal and diagenetic) with increasing depth and age. This report concludes with a categorization of the Cenozoic basins of the Death Valley region according to the predominant lithologies in the different basin fills and presents qualitative constraints on the hydrologic properties of these major lithologic categories.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01400","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D., Fridrich, C.J., and Taylor, E., 2001, Facies analysis of Tertiary basin-filling rocks of the Death Valley regional ground-water system and surrounding areas, Nevada and California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-400, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01400.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2632,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0400/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S.","contributorId":18732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fridrich, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2453-6478 fridrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-6478","contributorId":1251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"Christopher","email":"fridrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Emily","contributorId":41474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Emily","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31511,"text":"ofr2001467 - 2001 - Citizen knowledge and perception of black-tailed prairie dog management: Report to respondents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T09:41:36","indexId":"ofr2001467","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-467","title":"Citizen knowledge and perception of black-tailed prairie dog management: Report to respondents","docAbstract":"<p>What do citizens know about black-tailed prairie dogs, and where do they get their information? When management decisions need to be made regarding an animal such as the black-tailed prairie dog, an understanding of the species and its relationship to humans is necessary. This includes knowing the biology of the animal, where it lives, and how it interacts with other animals. But it is equally important for those making decisions about the species to understand citizens&rsquo; knowledge and perceptions so managers can effectively communicate with the public and help the public participate in planning and decision making activities. Unfortunately, what is known about public knowledge, perception, and preferences concerning prairie dog management is limited to data from only a few areas. This study attempts to answer the question: What do people in the short-grass prairie region of the United States know and think about black-tailed prairie dogs?</p>\n<p>In the summer of 2000, we sent a survey by mail to citizens of rural, urban, and suburban counties in the short-grass prairie region of the United States. This area includes all or part of 11 states: Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming (see Figure 1, p. 4). A total of 1933 citizens completed the survey for a 56% response rate (Table 1). This report provides a summary of the answers for all the questions in the survey. (Extra copies of this report can be downloaded from our website: http://www.mesc.usgs.gov/seias.)</p>\n<p>The results show that although people do not believe prairie dogs are a big environmental issue, they favor a balanced approach when dealing with such problems. When asked about their views on environmental policy, respondents reported being more conservative than liberal: 40% reported slightly conservative or conservative environmental views, 24% reported moderate environmental views, and 19% reported slightly liberal or liberal environmental views. Ninteen percent (19%) said they did not know or had not thought about their environmental values. When asked how important black-tailed prairie dogs are compared to other environmental problems, 69% said they are less important than other issues or not an issue at all. Thirty one percent (31%) said prairie dogs are about the same or more important than other issues.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001467","usgsCitation":"Sexton, N.R., Brinson, A., Ponds, P.D., Cline, K., and Lamb, B.L., 2001, Citizen knowledge and perception of black-tailed prairie dog management: Report to respondents: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-467, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001467.","productDescription":"23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161129,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2001467.PNG"},{"id":320300,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0467/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4969e4b07f02db59f511","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brinson, Ayeisha","contributorId":17278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinson","given":"Ayeisha","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cline, Kurt","contributorId":45752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamb, Berton L.","contributorId":6775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":31473,"text":"ofr01321 - 2001 - Chromite deposits in central part Stillwater Complex, Sweet Grass County, Montana: A digital database for the geologic map of the east slope of Iron Mountain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T15:13:08.273012","indexId":"ofr01321","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-321","title":"Chromite deposits in central part Stillwater Complex, Sweet Grass County, Montana: A digital database for the geologic map of the east slope of Iron Mountain","docAbstract":"In 1940, A.L. Howland and J. W. Peoples, assisted by W.R. Jones and M.G. Bennett, mapped the geology of the east slope of Iron Mountain, Montana. The map was revised and extended by Howland in 1942 and published in 1955 as plate 10 of the U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1015-D (Howland, 1955). In 2000, the USGS contracted Optronics Specialty Co., Inc. of Northridge, CA to prepare a scanned digital version of plate 10. Geospatial editing and attributing of the scanned map of the east slope of Iron Mountain was performed by the USGS in order to produce an interim digital product. This digital geospatial database is one of many being created by the U.S. Geological Survey as an ongoing effort to provide geologic information in a geographic information system (GIS) for use in spatial analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01321","usgsCitation":"Howland, A.L., and Moyer, L.A., 2001, Chromite deposits in central part Stillwater Complex, Sweet Grass County, Montana: A digital database for the geologic map of the east slope of Iron Mountain: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-321, Report: 26 p.; Map: PDF, 33.56 x 30.54 inches; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01321.","productDescription":"Report: 26 p.; Map: PDF, 33.56 x 30.54 inches; Readme; Metadata","numberOfPages":"26","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282762,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/IRONMTN.EPS"},{"id":282761,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/IRONMTN.HP"},{"id":282759,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/pdf/IRONMTN.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282758,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/IRONMTN.MET"},{"id":282760,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/pdf/ironmtn-map.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282757,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/00README.TXT"},{"id":2629,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0321/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110229,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_45474.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"45474"}],"scale":"3077","datum":"North American Datum 1927","country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Sweet Grass County","otherGeospatial":"Iron Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.06,45.40 ], [ -110.06,45.41 ], [ -110.05,45.41 ], [ -110.05,45.40 ], [ -110.06,45.40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e24a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howland, A. L.","contributorId":69109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howland","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyer, Lorre A.","contributorId":106152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Lorre","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31518,"text":"ofr01504 - 2001 - GIS coverages of the Castle Mountain Fault, south central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"ofr01504","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-504","title":"GIS coverages of the Castle Mountain Fault, south central Alaska","docAbstract":"The Castle Mountain fault is one of several major east-northeast-striking faults in southern Alaska, and it is the only fault with had historic seismicity and Holocene surface faulting. This report is a digital compilation of three maps along the Castle Mountain fault in south central Alaska. This compilation consists only of GIS coverages of the location of the fault, line attributes indicating the certainty of the fault location, and information about scarp height, where measured. The files are presented in ARC/INFO export file format and include metadata.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01504","usgsCitation":"Labay, K., and Haeussler, P.J., 2001, GIS coverages of the Castle Mountain Fault, south central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-504, online files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01504.","productDescription":"online files","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2709,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-504/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31500,"text":"ofr01448 - 2001 - Cruise Report; RV Moana Wave cruise M1-01-GM; the bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of the mid shelf to upper slope off Panama City, Florida, northeastern Gulf of Mexico; September 3, through October 12, 2001, Panama City, FL to Panama City, FL","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T19:32:24.758511","indexId":"ofr01448","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-448","title":"Cruise Report; RV Moana Wave cruise M1-01-GM; the bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of the mid shelf to upper slope off Panama City, Florida, northeastern Gulf of Mexico; September 3, through October 12, 2001, Panama City, FL to Panama City, FL","docAbstract":"A zone of deep-water reefs is thought to extend from the mid and outer shelf south of Mississippi and Alabama to at least the northwestern Florida shelf off Panama City, Florida (Figure 1, 67kb). The reefs off Mississippi and Alabama are found in water depths of 60 to 120 m (Ludwick and Walton, 1957; Gardner et al., in press) and were the focus of a multibeam echosounder (MBES) mapping survey by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2000 (Gardner et al., 2000; in press). If this deep-water-reef trend does exist along the northwestern Florida shelf, then it is critical to determine the accurate geomorphology and type of the reefs that occur because of their importance as benthic habitats for fisheries.\n\nPrecisely georeferenced high-resolution mapping of bathymetry is a fundamental first step in the study of areas suspected to be critical habitats. Morphology is thought to be critical to defining the distribution of dominant demersal plankton/planktivores communities. Fish faunas of shallow hermatypic reefs have been well studied, but those of deep ahermatypic reefs have been relatively ignored. The ecology of deep-water ahermatypic reefs is fundamentally different from hermatypic reefs because autochthonous intracellular symbiotic zooxanthellae (the carbon source for hermatypic corals) do not form the base of the trophic web in ahermatypic reefs. Instead, exogenous plankton, transported to the reef by currents, serves as the primary carbon source. Thus, one of the principle uses of the morphology data will be to identify whether any reefs found are hermatypic or ahermatypic in origin.\n\nCommunity structure and trophodynamics of demersal fishes of the outer continental of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico presently are the focus of a major USGS reseach project. A goal of the project is to answer questions concerning the relative roles played by morphology and surficial geology in controling biological differentiation. Deep-water reefs are important because they are fish havens, key spawning sites, and are critical early larval and juvenile habitats for economically important sport/food fishes. It is known that deep-water reefs function as a key source for re-population (via seasonal and ontogenetic migration) of heavily impacted inshore reefs.\n\nThe deep-water reefs south of Mississippi and Alabama support a lush fauna of ahermatypic hard corals, soft corals, black corals, sessile crinoids and sponges, that together form a living habitat for a well-developed fish fauna. The fish fauna comprises typical Caribbean reef fishes and Carolinian shelf fishes, plus epipelagic fishes, and a few deep-sea fishes. The base of the megafaunal invertebrate food web is plankton, borne by essentially continuous semi-laminar currents generated by eddies, spawned off the Loop Current, that periodically travel across the shelf edge.\n\nA few, sidescan-sonar surveys have been made of areas locally identified as Destin Pinnacles, Steamboat Lumps Marine Reserve (Koenig et al., 2000; Scanlon, et al., 2000; 2001), Twin Ridges (Briere, et al., 2000; Scanlon, et al., 2000), and Madison-Swanson Marine Reserve (Koenig et al., 2000; Scanlon, et al., 2000; 2001). However, no quantitative and little qualitative information about the geomorphology and surficial geology can be gained from these data. Existing bathymetry along the northwestern Florida shelf suggests the existence of areas of possible isolated deep-water reefs. NOAA bathymetric maps NOS NH16-9 and NG16-12 show geomorphic expressions that hint of the presence of reefs in isolated areas rather than in a continuous zone. There has been no systematic, high-resolution bathymetry collected in this area, prior to this cruise.\n\nAfter the successful mapping of the deep-water reefs on the Mississippi and Alabama shelf (Gardner et al., 2000; in press), a partnership composed of the USGS, Minerals Management Service, and NOAA was formed to continue the deep-reef mapping to the northwest Florida mid shelf and upper slope. This cruise is the first fruit of that partnership.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01448","collaboration":"Conducted under a Cooperative Agreement between the US Geological Survey and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., Mayer, L.A., Hughes Clarke, J.E., Dartnell, P., and Sulak, K.J., 2001, Cruise Report; RV Moana Wave cruise M1-01-GM; the bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of the mid shelf to upper slope off Panama City, Florida, northeastern Gulf of Mexico; September 3, through October 12, 2001, Panama City, FL to Panama City, FL: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-448, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01448.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-09-03","temporalEnd":"2001-10-12","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403008,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_45596.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2683,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0448/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282952,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0448/background.html"},{"id":161155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01448.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Panama City","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.75,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5,\n              30.083\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.75,\n              30.083\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.75,\n              28\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680923","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, Larry A.","contributorId":69583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes Clarke, John E.","contributorId":58676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes Clarke","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sulak, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-4795-9310 ksulak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":2217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"Kenneth","email":"ksulak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":31472,"text":"ofr01320 - 2001 - How brucite may affect the frictional properties of serpentinite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-25T11:20:10","indexId":"ofr01320","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-320","title":"How brucite may affect the frictional properties of serpentinite","docAbstract":"The frictional strength of brucite gouge has been measured at hydrothermal conditions to 450°C. At room temperature, brucite has a coefficient of friction, μ ≈ 0.30, making it one of the weakest minerals identified to date. With increasing temperature at a constant effective normal stress, the coefficient of friction of brucite decreases to a minimum of μ ≈ 0.20 near 300°C, and μ ≈ 0.22–0.24 in the temperature range 350–450°C. Brucite has a sheeted crystal structure, and its low frictional strength may be attributed to the relatively weak bonds between the layers. In addition, the temperature dependence of μ to ≈300°C can be explained in terms of the anomalously large coefficient of thermal expansion of brucite, which will further weaken the interlayer bonds. Brucite is a common constituent of serpentinite, and at ≈300°C, where brucite is weakest, all the major serpentine minerals have μ ≥ 0.5. The maximum expected brucite content of a serpentinite is close to 20% by weight or volume. That amount of disseminated brucite will lower the coefficient of friction of serpentinite by ≤10–15% in the deeper parts of the seismogenic zone. However, the effect will be much greater if shear can be concentrated along brucite-lined slip surfaces in the serpentinite body.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01320","usgsCitation":"Moore, D.E., Lockner, D.A., Iwata, K., Tanaka, H., and Byerlee, J., 2001, How brucite may affect the frictional properties of serpentinite: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-320, Report: 14 p.; Report: Accessible (tagged) PDF file, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01320.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; Report: Accessible (tagged) PDF file, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01320.jpg"},{"id":2628,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0320/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282750,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0320/pdf/of01-320.pdf"},{"id":282751,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0320/pdf/of01-320_accessible.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696ab6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075 dmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":2704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane","email":"dmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iwata, K.","contributorId":83718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwata","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanaka, H.","contributorId":35521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":31479,"text":"ofr01404 - 2001 - GRA prospectus: optimizing design and management of protected areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:06","indexId":"ofr01404","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-404","title":"GRA prospectus: optimizing design and management of protected areas","docAbstract":"Protected areas comprise one major type of global conservation effort that has been in the form of parks, easements, or conservation concessions. Though protected areas are increasing in number and size throughout tropical ecosystems, there is no systematic method for optimally targeting specific local areas for protection, designing the protected area, and monitoring it, or for guiding follow-up actions to manage it or its surroundings over the long run. Without such a system, conservation projects often cost more than necessary and/or risk protecting ecosystems and biodiversity less efficiently than desired. Correcting these failures requires tools and strategies for improving the placement, design, and long-term management of protected areas. The objective of this project is to develop a set of spatially based analytical tools to improve the selection, design, and management of protected areas. \r\n\r\nIn this project, several conservation concessions will be compared using an economic optimization technique. The forest land use portfolio model is an integrated assessment that measures investment in different land uses in a forest. The case studies of individual tropical ecosystems are developed as forest (land) use and preservation portfolios in a geographic information system (GIS). Conservation concessions involve a private organization purchasing development and resource access rights in a certain area and retiring them. Forests are put into conservation, and those people who would otherwise have benefited from extracting resources or selling the right to do so are compensated. Concessions are legal agreements wherein the exact amount and nature of the compensation result from a negotiated agreement between an agent of the conservation community and the local community. Funds are placed in a trust fund, and annual payments are made to local communities and regional/national governments. The payments are made pending third-party verification that the forest expanse and quality have been maintained.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01404","usgsCitation":"Bernknopf, R., and Halsing, D., 2001, GRA prospectus: optimizing design and management of protected areas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-404, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01404.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2651,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of01-404/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b146f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernknopf, Richard","contributorId":51701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halsing, David","contributorId":75587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halsing","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31497,"text":"ofr01441 - 2001 - A preliminary survey of marine contamination from mining-related activities on Marinduque Island, Philippines: porewater toxicity and chemistry results from a field trip, October 14-19, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T10:14:38","indexId":"ofr01441","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-441","title":"A preliminary survey of marine contamination from mining-related activities on Marinduque Island, Philippines: porewater toxicity and chemistry results from a field trip, October 14-19, 2000","docAbstract":"<p>As a follow-up of an initial overview of environmental problems caused by mining activities on Marinduque Island, Philippines, USGS and TAMU-CC scientists went to Marinduque in October 2000 to do a preliminary assessment of potential impacts of mining-related activities on the marine environment. Like the previous visit in May 2000, the marine assessment was conducted at the invitation of Philippine Congressman Edmund O. Reyes. </p><p>In this report we present the results of sediment porewater toxicity tests and chemical analyses. Toxicity tests consist of laboratory analyses for the assessment of adverse effects caused by environmental contaminants to animals or plants. Sediments (sand or mud) are known to accumulate contaminants (e.g., copper and other heavy metals). Therefore, it is common to perform toxicity tests using different phases of the sedimentary environment in order to analyze adverse effects of contaminants accumulated in the sediment. Sediment pore water (or interstitial water, i.e., the water distributed among the sediment grains) is a sedimentary phase which controls the bioavailability of contaminants to bottom dwelling aquatic organisms (both plants and animals). </p><p>There are several different kinds of organisms with which toxicity tests can be performed. Among those, tests with sea urchin early life stages (gametes and embryos) are very common due to their high sensitivity to contaminants, ease of maintenance under laboratory conditions, and ecological importance, particularly in coral reefs. The basis of these tests is the exposure of gametes or embryos to the pore water to be analyzed for toxicity. If the pore water contains contaminants in levels that can adversely affect a number of marine species, fertilization and/or embryological development of sea urchins is inhibited. </p><p>Chemical analyses provide additional information and aid in the interpretation of the toxicity test results. For the current study, chemical analyses were performed for the measurement of porewater concentrations of several heavy metals associated with copper mining activities. </p><p>Pore waters for toxicological and chemical analyses were collected at several stations on the coast of Marinduque, near the mouths of the Boac and Mogpog rivers, and near the causeways formed by mine tailings disposal. Porewater samples were also collected at the Tres Reyes Marine Reserve, so that these non-contaminated samples could serve as a reference for test performance. </p><p>Sea urchin embryological development and fertilization were only significantly impaired by two porewater samples, suggesting the presence of contaminants in toxic amounts at those stations. The toxic samples were collected near the up current side of the Calancan (Marcopper) mine tailings causeway (stations 2 and 3 – see figure 10). The pore water from station 2 also had the highest levels of heavy metals, particularly cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, lead and zinc (Table 5). The concentrations of cobalt, nickel and zinc were also elevated 2 at station 3. Copper concentrations were also elevated at the two river mouth stations (8 and 9) and near the CMI tailings causeway (station 7). </p><p>Visual observations also indicated biological degradation due to heavy siltation and smothered coral at a gradient off the Calancan causeway, suggesting that siltation might also be causing a physical impact. </p><p>This preliminary survey suggests that effects related to past mining activities are still evident and warrant a more comprehensive study to assess their severity and areal extent. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01441","usgsCitation":"Carr, R.S., Nipper, M., and Plumlee, G.S., 2001, A preliminary survey of marine contamination from mining-related activities on Marinduque Island, Philippines: porewater toxicity and chemistry results from a field trip, October 14-19, 2000 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-441, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01441.","productDescription":"62 p.","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01441.PNG"},{"id":2681,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0441/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":329522,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0441/ofr-01-0441.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a9a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, R. Scott","contributorId":14025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nipper, Marion","contributorId":56273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nipper","given":"Marion","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30691,"text":"fs07501 - 2001 - Characterizing ground-water chemistry and hydraulic properties of fractured-rock aquifers using the multifunction Bedrock-Aquifer Transportable Testing Tool (BAT3)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T15:04:25.105207","indexId":"fs07501","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"075-01","title":"Characterizing ground-water chemistry and hydraulic properties of fractured-rock aquifers using the multifunction Bedrock-Aquifer Transportable Testing Tool (BAT3)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs07501","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A., 2001, Characterizing ground-water chemistry and hydraulic properties of fractured-rock aquifers using the multifunction Bedrock-Aquifer Transportable Testing Tool (BAT3): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 075-01, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07501.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121754,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0075/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0075/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":203740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30747,"text":"fs08301 - 2001 - Distribution of arsenic in water and streambed sediments, Cook Inlet basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:13","indexId":"fs08301","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"083-01","title":"Distribution of arsenic in water and streambed sediments, Cook Inlet basin, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs08301","usgsCitation":"Glass, R.L., and Frenzel, S.A., 2001, Distribution of arsenic in water and streambed sediments, Cook Inlet basin, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 083-01, 1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs08301.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_083_01.bmp"},{"id":2575,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-083-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glass, Roy L.","contributorId":86813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frenzel, Steven A. sfrenzel@usgs.gov","contributorId":688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenzel","given":"Steven","email":"sfrenzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":203836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30981,"text":"wri014265 - 2001 - Estimated age and source of the young fraction of ground water at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:15:01","indexId":"wri014265","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4265","title":"Estimated age and source of the young fraction of ground water at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014265","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., Plummer, N., and Bartholomay, R.C., 2001, Estimated age and source of the young fraction of ground water at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4265, 144 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014265.","productDescription":"144 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274639,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4265/report.pdf"},{"id":159977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4265/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.12989807128905,\n              43.402054267905655\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.92665100097656,\n              43.402054267905655\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.92665100097656,\n              43.57392416032963\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12989807128905,\n              43.57392416032963\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12989807128905,\n              43.402054267905655\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdc70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartholomay, R. C.","contributorId":66271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30973,"text":"wri014141 - 2001 - Hydrologic data and a proposed water-quality monitoring network for the Kobuk River basin, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, and Kobuk Valley National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T22:41:04.255888","indexId":"wri014141","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4141","title":"Hydrologic data and a proposed water-quality monitoring network for the Kobuk River basin, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, and Kobuk Valley National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"Located in northwestern Alaska, the Kobuk River drains a watershed of approximately 12,300 square miles. Two national parks are located in the basin: the entire Kobuk Valley National Park and and a portion of Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. Reconnaissance-type water-quality data collected on the Kobuk River and some of its tributaries indicate that the water is of a calcium to calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type. To design a representative water-quality monitoring network, a geographical information system (GIS) of the Kobuk River Basin was created. The GIS was used with a statistical technique, cluster analysis, to stratify the Kobuk River Basin into different regions. Potential water-quality monitoring sites were then selected from these regions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014141","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 2001, Hydrologic data and a proposed water-quality monitoring network for the Kobuk River basin, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, and Kobuk Valley National Park, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4141, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014141.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159974,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2952,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wrir014141","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425577,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49728.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gates of the Arctic National Park, Kobuk Valley National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.78141667496212,\n              67.8510145841976\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.99152630862287,\n              66.53563835226183\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.68589052550578,\n              66.04673856882874\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.12410591659054,\n              68.67198467704983\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.78141667496212,\n              67.8510145841976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db69114a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30979,"text":"wri014248 - 2001 - Characterization of surface-water quality based on real-time monitoring and regression analysis, Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, south-central Kansas, December 1998 through June 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-21T15:42:42","indexId":"wri014248","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4248","displayTitle":"Characterization of Surface-Water Quality Based on Real-Time Monitoring and Regression Analysis, Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, South-Central Kansas, December 1998 Through June 2001","title":"Characterization of surface-water quality based on real-time monitoring and regression analysis, Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, south-central Kansas, December 1998 through June 2001","docAbstract":"<p>Because of the considerable wildlife benefits offered by the Quivira National Wildlife Refuge in south-central Kansas, there is a desire to ensure suitable water quality. To assess the quality of water flowing from Rattlesnake Creek into the refuge, the U.S. Geological Survey collected periodic water samples from December 1998 through June 2001 and analyzed the samples for physical properties, dissolved solids, total suspended solids, suspended sediment, major ions, nutrients, metals, pesticides, and indicator bacteria. Concentrations of 10 of the 125 chemicals analyzed did not meet water-quality criteria to protect aquatic life and drinking water in a least one sample. These were pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved solids, sodium, chloride, phosphorus, total coliform bacteria, E. coli bacteria, and fecal coliform bacteria. No metal or pesticide concentrations exceeded water-quality criteria. Twenty-two of the 43 metals analyzed were not detected, and 36 of the 46 pesticides analyzed were not detected. </p><p>Because dissolved solids, sodium, chloride, fecal coliform bacteria, and other chemicals that are a concern for the health and habitat of fish and wildlife at the refuge cannot be measured continuously, regression equations were developed from a comparison of the analytical results of periodic samples and in-stream monitor measurements of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. A continuous record of estimated chemical concentrations was developed from continuously recorded in-stream measurements. </p><p>Annual variation in water quality was evaluated by comparing 1999 and 2000 sample data- the 2 years for which complete data sets were available. Median concentrations of alkalinity, fluoride, nitrate, and fecal coliform bacteria were smaller or did not change from 1999 to 2000. Dissolved solids, total suspended solids, sodium, chloride, sulfate, total organic nitrogen, and total phosphorus had increases in median concentrations from 1999 to 2000. Increases in the median concentrations of the major ions were expected due to decreased rainfall in 2000 and very low streamflow late in the year. Increases for solids and nutrients may have been due to the unusually high streamflow in the early spring of 2000. This was the time of year when fields were tilled, exposing solids and nutrients that were transported with runoff to Rattlesnake Creek. </p><p>Load estimates indicate the chemical mass transported into the refuge and can be used in the development of total maximum daily loads (as specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) for water-quality contaminants in Rattlesnake Creek. Load estimates also were used to evaluate seasonal variation in water quality. Seasonal variation was most pronounced in the estimates of nutrient loads, and most of the nutrient load transported to the refuge occurred during just a few periods of surface runoff in the spring and summer. This information may be used by resource managers to determine when water-diversion strategies would be most beneficial. Load estimates also were used to calculate yields, which are useful for site comparisons. </p><p>The continuous and real-time nature of the record of estimated concentrations, loads, and yields may be important for resource managers, recreationalists, or others for evaluating water-diversion strategies, making water-use decisions, or assessing the environmental effects of chemicals in time to prevent adverse effects on fish or other aquatic life at the refuge.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014248","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., 2001, Characterization of surface-water quality based on real-time monitoring and regression analysis, Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, south-central Kansas, December 1998 through June 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4248, iv, 28 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014248.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. ","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360178,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4248/wrir20014248.pdf","text":"Report","size":"463 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2001–4248"},{"id":360177,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4248/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.63491058349608,\n              38.059986139487975\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.44985961914062,\n              38.059986139487975\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.44985961914062,\n              38.211209018340156\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.63491058349608,\n              38.211209018340156\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.63491058349608,\n              38.059986139487975\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:%20dc_ks@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:%20dc_ks@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/kswsc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/kswsc\">Kansas Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1217 Biltmore Drive<br>Lawrence, KS 66049</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods</li><li>Chemical Concentrations, Loads, Yields, and Variability</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria G. 0000-0003-4166-7461 vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}