{"pageNumber":"3066","pageRowStart":"76625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184785,"records":[{"id":31375,"text":"ofr01154 - 2001 - Sea-floor photography from the Continental Margin Program: A pictorial survey of benthic character and habitats along the U.S. East Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-20T13:17:46.124221","indexId":"ofr01154","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-154","title":"Sea-floor photography from the Continental Margin Program: A pictorial survey of benthic character and habitats along the U.S. East Coast","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01154","usgsCitation":"Paskevich, V., Poppe, L., Hastings, M., and Hathaway, J., 2001, Sea-floor photography from the Continental Margin Program: A pictorial survey of benthic character and habitats along the U.S. East Coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-154, HTML Dcoument, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01154.","productDescription":"HTML Dcoument","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3051,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-154/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":164096,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc579","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paskevich, V.F.","contributorId":96285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskevich","given":"V.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hastings, M. E.","contributorId":72012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"M. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hathaway, J.C.","contributorId":94280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30967,"text":"wri014212 - 2001 - Vertical profiles of streambed hydraulic conductivity determined using slug tests in central and western Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-09T15:26:43","indexId":"wri014212","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4212","title":"Vertical profiles of streambed hydraulic conductivity determined using slug tests in central and western Nebraska","docAbstract":"Many issues of water-resources management\nrely on modeling of ground-water/surfacewater\ninteractions, and streambed hydraulic\nconductivity is a key parameter controlling the\nwater fluxes across the stream/aquifer interface.\nHowever, in central and western Nebraska, this\nparameter is generally undefined. The U.S.\nGeological Survey, in cooperation with the\nNebraska Platte River Cooperative Hydrology\nStudy Group, performed slug tests at 15 stream\nsites in the Platte, Republican, and Little Blue\nRiver watersheds to determine the hydraulic\nconductivity of streambeds in central and western\nNebraska. Slug tests were completed at several\ndiscrete depth intervals using pneumatic or\nmechanical methods, and the water-level response\nwas monitored on site using a pressure transducer\nand laptop computer. Responses were analyzed\nusing either the Bouwer and Rice or Springer and\nGelhar methods. Vertical profiles of hydraulic\nconductivity with depth were developed and were\ncompared to available information on lithology.\nThe profiles and corresponding lithology\nshowed that different types of streambeds were\ntested and suggested that some streambeds\ndisplay a large variability in hydraulic conductivity\nwith depth. In some cases, hydraulic\nconductivity values associated with nonstreambed\nmaterials could be identified from nearby\nlithologic descriptions. Seven of 15 sites had\nstreambed values that ranged over more than\n3 orders of magnitude, and that variability\nincreased significantly when the measurements\nconsidered to be from nonstreambed materials\nwere included. Streambed profiles from the Platte\nand South Platte River sites generally were more\nhomogeneous and of larger hydraulic conductivity\nthan the other sites. No restrictive layers\nwere detected at any of the streambed sites on the\nmain stems or the flood plains of the main stems\nof their respective watersheds. Alternatively, the\nprofiles characterized by a restrictive streambed\nlayer at some depth below the streambed surface\nwere all from tributary sites out of the main-stem\nflood plain. These profiles can be used to represent\nthe streambed hydraulic conductivity in\ncentral and western Nebraska in various applications,\nincluding modeling ground-water/surfacewater\ninteractions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lincoln, NB","doi":"10.3133/wri014212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nebraska Platte River Cooperative Hydrology Study Group","usgsCitation":"Rus, D.L., McGuire, V.L., Zurbuchen, B.R., and Zlotnik, V.A., 2001, Vertical profiles of streambed hydraulic conductivity determined using slug tests in central and western Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4212, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014212.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014212.jpg"},{"id":286071,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4212/report.pdf"}],"scale":"2000000","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.15,40.15 ], [ -104.15,41.93 ], [ -96.83,41.93 ], [ -96.83,40.15 ], [ -104.15,40.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db60212a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rus, David L. 0000-0003-3538-7826 dlrus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3538-7826","contributorId":881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rus","given":"David","email":"dlrus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, Virginia L. 0000-0002-3962-4158 vlmcguir@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Virginia","email":"vlmcguir@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zurbuchen, Brian R.","contributorId":81531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zurbuchen","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zlotnik, Vitaly A.","contributorId":19985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zlotnik","given":"Vitaly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31377,"text":"ofr01157 - 2001 - Archive of water gun subbottom data collected during USGS cruise SEAX 95007 New York Bight, 7-25, May 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-23T21:53:41.193576","indexId":"ofr01157","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-157","title":"Archive of water gun subbottom data collected during USGS cruise SEAX 95007 New York Bight, 7-25, May 1995","docAbstract":"<p>Beginning in 1995, the USGS, in cooperation with the U.S Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), New York District, began a program to generate reconnaissance maps of the sea floor offshore of the New York-New Jersey metropolitan area, one of the most populated coastal regions of the United States. The goal of this mapping program is to provide a regional synthesis of the sea-floor environment, including a description of sedimentary environments, sediment texture, seafloor morphology, and geologic history to aid in understanding the impacts of anthropogenic activities, such as ocean dumping. This mapping effort differs from previous studies of this area by obtaining digital, sidescan sonar images that cover 100 percent of the sea floor.</p><p>This investigation was motivated by the need to develop an environmentally acceptable solution for the disposal of dredged material from the New York - New Jersey Port, by the need to identify potential sources of sand for renourishment of the southern shore of Long island, and by the opportunity to develop a better understanding of the transport and long-term fate of contaminants by investigations of the present distribution of materials discharged into the New York Bight over the last 100+ years (Schwab and others, 1997). Data collected in 1996, USGS cruise SEAX 96004, augments data collected in 1995 with sidescan sonar and seismic reflection data collected within the New York Bight Apex region. This report is an archive of the boomer seismic reflection data collected in 1996.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01157","usgsCitation":"Hill, J.C., Schwab, W.C., and Foster, D., 2001, Archive of water gun subbottom data collected during USGS cruise SEAX 95007 New York Bight, 7-25, May 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-157, HTML Document; DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01157.","productDescription":"HTML Document; DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0157/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":350979,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/publications/of01-157/"},{"id":392075,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43238.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","otherGeospatial":"New York Bight","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.9,40.36 ], [ -73.9,40.58 ], [ -73.49,40.58 ], [ -73.49,40.36 ], [ -73.9,40.36 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/index.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/index.html\">Woods Hole Science Center</a><br> 384 Woods Hole Road<br> Quissett Campus<br> Woods Hole, MA 02543</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Read Me&nbsp;</li><li>Cruise Report</li><li>Equipment</li><li>Seismic Data</li><li>Shotpoint Maps</li><li>Navigation</li><li>Disclaimer</li><li>Pictures</li><li>Contact</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674fe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, J. C.","contributorId":100878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30963,"text":"wri014193 - 2001 - Detection and measurement of land subsidence using Global Positioning System and interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Coachella Valley, California, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-09T10:11:44","indexId":"wri014193","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4193","title":"Detection and measurement of land subsidence using Global Positioning System and interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Coachella Valley, California, 1996-98","docAbstract":"Land subsidence associated with ground-water-level declines has been recognized as a potential problem in Coachella Valley, California. Since the early 1920s, ground water has been a major source of agricultural, municipal, and domestic supply in the valley, resulting in water-level declines as large as 15 meters (50 feet) through the late 1940s. In 1949, the importation of Colorado River water to the lower Coachella Valley began, resulting in a reduction in ground-water pumping and a recovery of water levels from the 1950s through the 1970s. Since the late 1970s, the demand for water in the valley has exceeded the deliveries of imported surface water, again resulting in increased pumping and ground-water-level declines. \n\nThe magnitude and temporal occurrence of land subsidence in the lower Coachella Valley are not well known; data are sparse and accuracy varies. Also, the area is tectonically active and has subsided during the past several million years, which further complicates interpretations of the data. Land-surface-elevation data have been collected by many agencies using various methods and different geographic scales; because of this, the -150 millimeters (-0.5 foot) of subsidence determined for the southern parts of the valley for 1930-96 may have a possible error of plus or minus (?)90 millimeters (?0.3 foot). The location, extent, and magnitude of vertical land-surface changes from 1996 to 1998 were determined using Global Positioning System (GPS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) methods. GPS measurements for 14 monuments in the lower Coachella Valley indicate that the vertical land-surface changes from 1996 to 1998 ranged from -13 to -67 millimeters ? 40 millimeters (-0.04 to -0.22 foot ?0.13 foot). Changes at seven of the monuments exceeded the measurement error of ?40 millimeters (?0.13 foot), which indicates that small amounts of land subsidence occurred at these monuments between 1996 and 1998. Some of the water levels measured in wells near several of these monuments during 1996-98 were the lowest water levels in the recorded histories of the wells. The possible relation between the stresses caused by historically low water levels and the measured vertical changes in land surface suggests that the preconsolidation stress of the aquifer system may have been exceeded during this period and that subsidence may be permanent. Comparisons of several paired monuments and wells indicated that the relation between short-term ground-water-level changes and vertical changes in land surface in the lower Coachella Valley is not clearly defined.\n\nResults of InSAR measurements made between 1996 and 1998 indicate that vertical changes in land surface, ranging from about -20 to -70 millimeters ? 5-10 millimeters (-0.07 to -0.23 foot ? 0.02-0.03 foot), occurred in three areas of the Coachella Valley--near Palm Desert, Indian Wells, and Lake Cahuilla. The areas of subsidence near Palm Desert and Indian Wells coincide with areas of substantial ground-water production during 1996-98. The Coachella Valley Water District reported that they had no ground-water production wells in the Lake Cahuilla area but that there may be private production wells in the area. Production from these wells or possibly tectonic activity may be contributing to or causing the subsidence. \n\nThe geodetic network used for the GPS measurements described in this report covers the area from the Salton Sea on the south to just northwest of Indio. The maps processed using InSAR overlap the part of the geodetic network west of Coachella and north of Lake Cahuilla, and include the Palm Desert area. Both methods of measuring vertical land-surface changes, GPS and InSAR, were used to characterize vertical land-surface changes from the Palm Desert area to the Salton Sea. Because InSAR produces more spatially detailed data over large areas, it generally was useful where vertical land-surface changes were previously unrecognized, such as the","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014193","usgsCitation":"Sneed, M., Ikehara, M.E., Galloway, D., and Amelung, F., 2001, Detection and measurement of land subsidence using Global Positioning System and interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Coachella Valley, California, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4193, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014193.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4193/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95889,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4193/report.pdf","size":"7591","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2944,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014193","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coachella Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.2192153930664,\n              33.574296227998836\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.07707977294922,\n              33.574296227998836\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.07707977294922,\n              33.71263140220726\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2192153930664,\n              33.71263140220726\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2192153930664,\n              33.574296227998836\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667a5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sneed, Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikehara, Marti E.","contributorId":53757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikehara","given":"Marti","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, D. L. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":31383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":204468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amelung, Falk","contributorId":83569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelung","given":"Falk","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30961,"text":"wri20014188 - 2001 - Low-Level Volatile Organic Compounds in Active Public Supply Wells as Ground-Water Tracers in the Los Angeles Physiographic Basin, California, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:08","indexId":"wri20014188","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4188","title":"Low-Level Volatile Organic Compounds in Active Public Supply Wells as Ground-Water Tracers in the Los Angeles Physiographic Basin, California, 2000","docAbstract":"Data were collected to evaluate the use of low-level volatile organic compounds (VOC) to assess the vulnerability of public supply wells in the Los Angeles physiographic basin. Samples of untreated ground water from 178 active public supply wells in the Los Angeles physiographic basin show that VOCs were detected in 61 percent of the ground-water samples; most of these detections were low, with only 29 percent above 1 mg/L (microgram per liter). Thirty-nine of the 86 VOCs analyzed were detected in at least one sample, and 11 VOCs were detected in 7 percent or more of the samples. The six most frequently detected VOCs were trichloromethane (chloroform) (46 percent); trichloroethene (TCE) (28 percent); tetrachloro-ethene (PCE) (19 percent); methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (14 percent); 1,1-dichloroethane (11 percent); and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) (11 percent). These VOCs were also the most frequently detected VOCs in ground water representative of a wide range of hydrologically conditions in urban areas nationwide. Only two VOCs (TCE and PCE) exceeded state and federal primary maximum contaminant levels (MCL) for drinking water in a total of seven samples. Because samples were collected prior to water treatment, sample concentrations do not represent the concentrations entering the drinking-water system.Ground water containing VOCs may be considered to be a tracer of postindustrial-aged water-water that was recharged after the onset of intense urban development. The overall distribution of VOC detections is related to the hydrological and the engineered recharge facilities in the Coastal Los Angeles Basin and the Coastal Santa Ana Basin that comprise the Los Angeles physiographic basin. Most of the ground-water recharge occurs at engineered recharge facilities in the generally coarse-grained northeastern parts of the study area (forebay areas). Ground-water recharge from the land surface is minimal in the southwestern part of the basins, distal from the recharge facilities, where clay layers impede the vertical migration of ground water (pressure areas).VOCs are not uniformly distributed over the study area. Most of the wells with multiple VOC detections, which also have the highest concentrations, are in the forebay areas and are clustered proximal to the recharge facilities. In addition, the number of VOC detections and VOC concentrations decrease beyond about 10-15 kilometers from the recharge facilities. The distribution of individual VOCs is also related to their history of use. MTBE traces ground water recharged during about the last decade and is detected almost exclusively in the forebay areas. Chloroform, which has been used since the 1920s, is more widely distributed and is detected at the greatest distances from the recharge facilities.Downward migration of VOCs from the land surface may be a viable process for VOCs to reach aquifers in parts of the forebay areas, but there is little indication that the same process is active in the pressure area. The lack of contrast in the number of VOC detections between wells of different depths over most of the study area suggests that the downward migration from the land surface is not a dominant pathway for VOCs to travel to the capture zones of public supply wells. Isolated occurrences of multiple VOC detections and high concentrations of VOCs in individual wells may indicate rapid vertical transport from a localized source. Stable isotope data indicate that ground water containing VOCs is a mixture of local precipitation and runoff with water that is isotopically lighter (more negative) than the local sources. The isotopically lighter water could either be Colorado River water or State Water Project water, both of which are imported to the basin and used as a source of recharge to the ground-water flow system. The stable isotope data support the interpretation that VOCs in ground water are associated with the engineered recharge facilities.Two of the most frequently detecte","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20014188","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J.L., Burow, K.R., Belitz, K., Dubrovsky, N.M., Land, M., and Gronberg, J., 2001, Low-Level Volatile Organic Compounds in Active Public Supply Wells as Ground-Water Tracers in the Los Angeles Physiographic Basin, California, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4188, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014188.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11336,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/archive/reports/wrir014188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":21876,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/wri014188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.66666666666667,33.5 ], [ -118.66666666666667,34.166666666666664 ], [ -117.58333333333333,34.166666666666664 ], [ -117.58333333333333,33.5 ], [ -118.66666666666667,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640e46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil M. 0000-0001-7786-1149 nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn","contributorId":41866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":30960,"text":"wri014184 - 2001 - Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and trace elements in fish tissue in the lower Tennessee River basin, 1980-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:00","indexId":"wri014184","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4184","title":"Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and trace elements in fish tissue in the lower Tennessee River basin, 1980-98","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, evaluated the occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and trace elements in fish tissue in samples collected in the lower Tennessee River Basin study unit. Fish tissue analysis provides a time-averaged measurement of contaminants as well as a direct measurement of the contaminants that bioaccumulate in fish tissue. Bioaccumulation of contaminants in fish tissue may result in concentrations that can affect human, wildlife, or aquatic health. Data for two types of tissue analyses were evaluated to assess the occurrence and distribution of contaminants: whole fish for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls and fish fillets for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and trace elements. The fish tissue data analyzed for this study cover an 18-year span including data collected in 1998 by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program; data collected from 1980 through 1997 by the Tennessee Valley Authority; and data collected from 1992 through 1997 by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Concentration data for constituents that are on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Priority Pollutant List were summarized and compared against existing action levels or guidelines.From the list of organochlorine pesticide compounds analyzed, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), a breakdown product of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), was the most commonly detected compound with detections at 83 percent of the sites sampled. Eleven p,p'-DDE samples exceeded action levels or guidelines with concentrations ranging from 0.20 to 12.8 milligrams per kilogram. Five other organochlorine compounds, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDD), dieldrin, endrin, chlordane, and polychlorinated biphenyls, also exceeded action levels and guidelines, but the detection frequencies at sampling sites generally were less than 70 percent. Mercury, the only trace element to exceed a guideline, was detected at 51 of 102 sites sampled for trace elements. Selenium was detected in fish fillet samples from 70 of 102 sites sampled, which was more sites than for any other trace element; however, selenium did not exceed the 50 micrograms per gram U.S. Environmental Protection Agency screening criteria. Arsenic and cadmium also were detected at 44 and 54 percent of the sampling sites, respectively.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014184","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., and Powell, J., 2001, Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and trace elements in fish tissue in the lower Tennessee River basin, 1980-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4184, 32 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014184.","productDescription":"32 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2942,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014184","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69632e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, R.R.","contributorId":59063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, J.R.","contributorId":85134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31378,"text":"ofr01161 - 2001 - Baseline geochemical data for stream sediment and surface water samples from Panther Creek, the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, and the Main Salmon River from North Fork to Corn Creek, collected prior to the severe wildfires of 2000 in central Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31378,"text":"ofr01161 - 2001 - Baseline geochemical data for stream sediment and surface water samples from Panther Creek, the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, and the Main Salmon River from North Fork to Corn Creek, collected prior to the severe wildfires of 2000 in central Idaho","indexId":"ofr01161","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Baseline geochemical data for stream sediment and surface water samples from Panther Creek, the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, and the Main Salmon River from North Fork to Corn Creek, collected prior to the severe wildfires of 2000 in central Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":51434,"text":"ofr03152 - 2003 - Geochemical data for stream sediment and surface water samples from Panther Creek, the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, and the Main Salmon River, collected before and after the Clear Creek, Little Pistol, and Shellrock wildfires of 2000 in central Idaho","indexId":"ofr03152","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical data for stream sediment and surface water samples from Panther Creek, the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, and the Main Salmon River, collected before and after the Clear Creek, Little Pistol, and Shellrock wildfires of 2000 in central Idaho"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":51434,"text":"ofr03152 - 2003 - Geochemical data for stream sediment and surface water samples from Panther Creek, the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, and the Main Salmon River, collected before and after the Clear Creek, Little Pistol, and Shellrock wildfires of 2000 in central Idaho","indexId":"ofr03152","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical data for stream sediment and surface water samples from Panther Creek, the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, and the Main Salmon River, collected before and after the Clear Creek, Little Pistol, and Shellrock wildfires of 2000 in central Idaho"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr01161","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-161","title":"Baseline geochemical data for stream sediment and surface water samples from Panther Creek, the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, and the Main Salmon River from North Fork to Corn Creek, collected prior to the severe wildfires of 2000 in central Idaho","docAbstract":"In 1996, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a reconnaissance baseline geochemical study in central Idaho. The purpose of the baseline study was to establish a 'geochemical snapshot' of the area, as a datum for monitoring future change in the geochemical landscape, whether natural or human-induced. This report presents the methology, analytical results, and sample descriptions for water, sediment, and heavy-mineral concentrate samples collected during this geochemical investigation. In the summer of 2000, the Clear Creek, Little Pistol, and Shellrock wildfires swept across much of the area that was sampled. Thus, these data represent a pre-fire baseline geochemical dataset. A 2001 post- fire study is planned and will involve re-sampling of the pre-fire baseline sites, to allow for pre- and post-fire comparison.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01161","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R.G., Briggs, P.H., Brown, Z.A., Crock, J.G., Meier, A., Theodorakos, P.M., and Wilson, S.A., 2001, Baseline geochemical data for stream sediment and surface water samples from Panther Creek, the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, and the Main Salmon River from North Fork to Corn Creek, collected prior to the severe wildfires of 2000 in central Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-161, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01161.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3053,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0161/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648853","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":30973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Zoe Ann","contributorId":95530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Zoe","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meier, Allen","contributorId":29037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Theodorakos, Peter M. ptheodor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakos","given":"Peter","email":"ptheodor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilson, Stephen A. 0000-0002-9468-0005 swilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":1617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Stephen","email":"swilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":31386,"text":"ofr01199 - 2001 - Preliminary Precambrian basement map showing geologic-geophysical domains, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T18:25:18.129346","indexId":"ofr01199","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-199","title":"Preliminary Precambrian basement map showing geologic-geophysical domains, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01199","usgsCitation":"Sims, P., Finn, C., and Rystrom, V., 2001, Preliminary Precambrian basement map showing geologic-geophysical domains, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-199, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01199.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110199,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42121.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"42121"},{"id":3060,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.0498046875,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              41.02964338716638\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.051513671875,\n              45.01141864227728\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.082763671875,\n              45.00365115687186\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0498046875,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e496","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":30191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rystrom, V. L.","contributorId":41484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rystrom","given":"V. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50395,"text":"ofr2001139 - 2001 - Geochemical analysis of soils and sediments, Coeur d'Alene drainage basin, Idaho: sampling, analytical methods, and results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T14:42:49","indexId":"ofr2001139","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-139","title":"Geochemical analysis of soils and sediments, Coeur d'Alene drainage basin, Idaho: sampling, analytical methods, and results","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the locations, descriptions, analytical procedures used, and an inter-lab comparison of over 1100 geochemical analyses of samples of soil and sediment in and downstream of a major lead-zinc-silver mining district in the Coeur d'Alene (CdA) drainage basin of northern Idaho. The samples fall in 3 broad categories: (1) samples from vertical profiles of floodplain soils in the valley of the main stem of the CdA River (767 samples) and of the South Fork of the CdA River (38 samples), (2) size fractionated surficial samples of sediment bedload within the channel of the South Fork of the CdA River (68 samples), and (3) samples from vertical profiles of sediment bedload within the channel of the main stem of the CdA River (260 samples).</p>\n<br>\n<p>Five different laboratories contributed geochemical data for this report. Four of the five laboratories employed analytical methods that require sample dissolution prior to analysis; one laboratory (US Geological Survey) used analytical instrumentation (energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence [EDXRF]) that is applied to pulverized samples. Some dissolution procedures use four acids (hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric, and hydrofluoric; Eastern Washington University [EWU] Geochemical Laboratory and XRAL Laboratories, Inc.), others use two acids (nitric acid and aqua regia; CHEMEX Labs, Inc.), and some use only concentrated nitric acid (ACZ Laboratories, Inc.). Most analyses of dissolved samples were done by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) or by ICP - MS (Mass Spectroscopy). Some analyses for Ag and K were done by Flame Atomic Absorption (FAA).</p>\n<br>\n<p>Inter-laboratory comparisons are made for 6 elements: lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron\n(Fe), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd). In general inter-laboratory correlations are better for samples within the compositional range of the Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Analyses by EWU are the most accurate relative to the NIST standards (mean recoveries within 1% for Pb, Fe, Mn, and As, 3% for Zn and 5% for Cd) and are the most precise (within 7% of the mean at the 95% confidence interval). USGS-EDXRF is similarly accurate for Pb and Zn. XRAL and ACZ are relatively accurate for Pb (within 5-8% of certified NIST values), but were considerably less accurate for the other 5 elements of concern (10-25% of NIST values). However, analyses of sample splits by more than one laboratory reveal that, for some elements, XRAL (Pb, Mn, Cd) and ACZ (Pb, Mn, Zn, Fe) analyses were comparable to EWU analyses of the same samples (when values are within the range of NIST SRMs). These results suggest that, for some elements, XRAL and ACZ dissolutions are more effective on the matrix of the CdA samples than on the matrix of the NIST samples (obtained from soils around Butte, Montana). Splits of CdA samples analyzed by CHEMEX were the least accurate, yielding values 10-25% less than those of EWU.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001139","usgsCitation":"Box, S.E., Bookstrom, A.A., Ikramuddin, M., and Lindsay, J., 2001, Geochemical analysis of soils and sediments, Coeur d'Alene drainage basin, Idaho: sampling, analytical methods, and results (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-139, Report: 70 p.; ReadMe; Complete digital data package; Metadata; 7 Appendices: xls and dbf files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001139.","productDescription":"Report: 70 p.; ReadMe; Complete digital data package; Metadata; 7 Appendices: xls and dbf files","numberOfPages":"206","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2001139.PNG"},{"id":10780,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":291343,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/of01-139.pdf"},{"id":291344,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/readme.txt"},{"id":291345,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/of01-139.zip"},{"id":291346,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-139/of01-139.met.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur D�alene Drainage Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.733333,47.466667 ], [ -116.733333,47.583333 ], [ -115.716667,47.583333 ], [ -115.716667,47.466667 ], [ -116.733333,47.466667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ikramuddin, Mohammed","contributorId":46115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikramuddin","given":"Mohammed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsay, James","contributorId":34993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31379,"text":"ofr01164 - 2001 - Earthquake ground-motion amplification in Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr01164","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-164","title":"Earthquake ground-motion amplification in Southern California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01164","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., 2001, Earthquake ground-motion amplification in Southern California (Online version 1.0; last modified 7/16/01.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-164, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01164.","productDescription":"1 sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3054,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-164/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0; last modified 7/16/01.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db6297c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30950,"text":"wri014000 - 2001 - Shallow ground-water quality beneath rice areas in the Sacramento Valley, California, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:12","indexId":"wri014000","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4000","title":"Shallow ground-water quality beneath rice areas in the Sacramento Valley, California, 1997","docAbstract":"In 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey installed and sampled 28 wells in rice areas in the Sacramento Valley as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The purpose of the study was to assess the shallow ground-water quality and to determine whether any effects on water quality could be related to human activities and particularly rice agriculture. The wells installed and sampled were between 8.8 and 15.2 meters deep, and water levels were between 0.4 and 8.0 meters below land surface. Ground-water samples were analyzed for 6 field measurements, 29 inorganic constituents, 6 nutrient constituents, dissolved organic carbon, 86 pesticides, tritium (hydrogen- 3), deuterium (hydrogen-2), and oxygen-18. At least one health-related state or federal drinking-water standard (maximum contaminant or long-term health advisory level) was exceeded in 25 percent of the wells for barium, boron, cadmium, molybdenum, or sulfate. At least one state or federal secondary maximum contaminant level was exceeded in 79 percent of the wells for chloride, iron, manganese, specific conductance, or dissolved solids. Nitrate and nitrite were detected at concentrations below state and federal 2000 drinking-water standards; three wells had nitrate concentrations greater than 3 milligrams per liter, a level that may indicate impact from human activities. Ground-water redox conditions were anoxic in 26 out of 28 wells sampled (93 percent). Eleven pesticides and one pesticide degradation product were detected in ground-water samples. Four of the detected pesticides are or have been used on rice crops in the Sacramento Valley (bentazon, carbofuran, molinate, and thiobencarb). Pesticides were detected in 89 percent of the wells sampled, and rice pesticides were detected in 82 percent of the wells sampled. The most frequently detected pesticide was the rice herbicide bentazon, detected in 20 out of 28 wells (71 percent); the other pesticides detected have been used for rice, agricultural, and non-agricultural purposes. All pesticide concentrations were below state and federal 2000 drinking-water standards. The relation of the ground-water quality to natural processes and human activities was tested using statistical methods (Spearman rank correlation, Kruskal?Wallis, or rank-sum tests) to determine whether an influence from rice land-use or other human activities on ground-water chemistry could be identified. The detection of pesticides in 89 percent of the wells sampled indicates that human activities have affected shallow ground-water quality. Concentrations of dissolved solids and inorganic constituents that exceeded state or federal 2000 drinking-water standards showed a statistical relation to geomorphic unit. This is interpreted as a relation to natural processes and variations in geology in the Sacramento River Basin; the high concentrations of dissolved solids and most inorganic constituents did not appear to be related to rice land use. No correlation was found between nitrate concentration and pesticide occurrence, indicating that an absence of high nitrate concentrations is not a predictor of an absence of pesticide contamination in areas with reducing ground-water conditions in the Sacramento Valley. Tritium concentrations, pesticide detections, stable isotope data, and dissolved-solids concentrations suggest that shallow ground water in the ricegrowing areas of the Sacramento Valley is a mix of recently recharged ground water containing pesticides, nitrate, and tritium, and unknown sources of water that contains high concentrations of dissolved solids and some inorganic constituents and is enriched in oxygen-18. Evaporation of applied irrigation water, which leaves behind salt, accounts for some of the elevated concentrations of dissolved solids. More work needs to be done to understand the connections between the land surface, shallow ground water, deep ground water, and the drinking-water supplies in the Sacramento Valley.  ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014000","usgsCitation":"Dawson, B.J., 2001, Shallow ground-water quality beneath rice areas in the Sacramento Valley, California, 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4000, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014000.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2917,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/archive/reports/wrir014000/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f46fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, Barbara J. 0000-0002-0209-8158 bjdawson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0209-8158","contributorId":1102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Barbara","email":"bjdawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31404,"text":"ofr01281 - 2001 - An inexpensive magnetic mineral separator for fine-grained sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr01281","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-281","title":"An inexpensive magnetic mineral separator for fine-grained sediment","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01281","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Sweetkind, D., and Axford, Y., 2001, An inexpensive magnetic mineral separator for fine-grained sediment (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-281, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01281.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2522,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0281/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68464f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. dsweetkind@usgs.gov","contributorId":735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Axford, Yarrow","contributorId":17654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axford","given":"Yarrow","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31400,"text":"ofr01264 - 2001 - Density and velocity relationships for digital sonic and density logs from coastal Washington and laboratory measurements of Olympic Peninsula mafic rocks and greywackes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T19:22:37.702937","indexId":"ofr01264","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-264","title":"Density and velocity relationships for digital sonic and density logs from coastal Washington and laboratory measurements of Olympic Peninsula mafic rocks and greywackes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three-dimensional velocity models for the basins along the coast of Washington and in Puget Lowland provide a means for better understanding the lateral variations in strong ground motions recorded there. We have compiled 16 sonic and 18 density logs from 22 oil test wells to help us determine the geometry and physical properties of the Cenozoic basins along coastal Washington. The depth ranges sampled by the test-well logs fall between 0.3 and 2.1 km. These well logs sample Quaternary to middle Eocene sedimentary rocks of the Quinault Formation, Montesano Formation, and Hoh rock assemblage. Most (18 or 82%) of the wells are from Grays Harbor County, and many of these are from the Ocean City area. These Grays Harbor County wells sample the Quinault Formation, Montesano Formation, and frequently bottom in the Hoh rock assemblage. These wells show that the sonic velocity and density normally increase significantly across the contacts between the Quinault or the Montesano Formations and the Hoh rock assemblage. Reflection coefficients calculated for vertically traveling compressional waves from the average velocities and densities for these units suggest that the top of the Hoh rock assemblage is a strong reflector of downward-propagating seismic waves: these reflection coefficients lie between 11 and 20%. Thus, this boundary may reflect seismic energy upward and trap a substantial portion of the seismic energy generated by future earthquakes within the Miocene and younger sedimentary basins found along the Washington coast.</span></p><p><span>Three wells from Jefferson County provide data for the Hoh rock assemblage for the entire length of the logs. One well (Eastern Petroleum Sniffer Forks #1), from the Forks area in Clallam County, also exclusively samples the Hoh rock assemblage. This report presents the locations, elevations, depths, stratigraphic, and other information for all the oil test wells, and provides plots showing the density and sonic velocities as a function of depth for each well log. We also present two-way traveltimes for 15 of the wells calculated from the sonic velocities. Average velocities and densities for the wells having both logs can be reasonably well related using a modified Gardner’s rule, with p=1825v(1/4), where p is the density (in kg/m3) and v is the sonic velocity (in km/s). In contrast, a similar analysis of published well logs from Puget Lowland is best matched by a Gardner’s rule of p=1730v(1/4), close to the p=1740v(1/4) proposed by Gardner et al. (1974).</span></p><p><span>Finally, we present laboratory measurements of compressional-wave velocity, shear-wave velocity, and density for 11 greywackes and 29 mafic rocks from the Olympic Peninsula and Puget Lowland. These units have significance for earthquake-hazard investigations in Puget Lowland as they dip eastward beneath the Lowland, forming the “bedrock” beneath much of the lowland. Average Vp/Vs ratios for the mafic rocks, mainly Crescent Formation volcanics, lie between 1.81 and 1.86. Average Vp/Vs ratios for the greywackes from the accretionary core complex in the Olympic Peninsula show greater scatter but lie between 1.77 and 1.88. Both the Olympic Peninsula mafic rocks and greywackes have lower shear-wave velocities than would be expected for a Poisson solid (Vp/Vs=1.732). Although the P-wave velocities and densities in the greywackes can be related by a Gardner’s rule of p=1720v(1/4), close to the p=1740v(1/4) proposed by Gardner et al. (1974), the velocities and densities of the mafic rocks are best related by a Gardner’s rule of p=1840v(1/4). Thus, the density/velocity relations are similar for the Puget Lowland well logs and greywackes from the Olympic Peninsula. Density/velocity relations are similar for the Washington coastal well logs and mafic rocks from the Olympic Peninsula, but differ from those of the Puget Lowland well logs and greywackes from the Olympic Peninsula.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01264","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., and Christensen, N.I., 2001, Density and velocity relationships for digital sonic and density logs from coastal Washington and laboratory measurements of Olympic Peninsula mafic rocks and greywackes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-264, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01264.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59772,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0264/pdf/of01-264.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0264/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2518,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.87,46.83 ], [ -124.87,48.42 ], [ -122.14,48.42 ], [ -122.14,46.83 ], [ -124.87,46.83 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5b00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Nikolas I.","contributorId":95927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Nikolas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":7001,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":205885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31392,"text":"ofr01230 - 2001 - Automated remote digital imaging system (ARDIS): applications for monitoring dust emissions in the Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr01230","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-230","title":"Automated remote digital imaging system (ARDIS): applications for monitoring dust emissions in the Mojave Desert, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01230","usgsCitation":"Tigges, R.K., Slides, S., and Ohms, M., 2001, Automated remote digital imaging system (ARDIS): applications for monitoring dust emissions in the Mojave Desert, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-230, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01230.","productDescription":"72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3064,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6680c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tigges, Richard K.","contributorId":23993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tigges","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slides, Stuart","contributorId":22008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slides","given":"Stuart","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohms, Mark","contributorId":55052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohms","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31407,"text":"ofr01294 - 2001 - Shaded-relief and color shaded-relief maps of the Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T13:30:46.427184","indexId":"ofr01294","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-294","title":"Shaded-relief and color shaded-relief maps of the Willamette Valley, Oregon","docAbstract":"This Open-File Report is released as a digital map database. It includes PostScript plot files that contain images of the map sheets; the images also contain a brief explanation describing the geology and physiography of the study area. The digital map database is a compilation of newly published 10-m digital-elevation-model (DEM) data for western Oregon and represents the physiography of the Willamette Valley.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01294","usgsCitation":"Givler, R., and Wells, R., 2001, Shaded-relief and color shaded-relief maps of the Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-294, Report: 15 p.; 4 Plates: 36.00 x 86.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; 2 Data Releases, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01294.","productDescription":"Report: 15 p.; 4 Plates: 36.00 x 86.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01294.gif"},{"id":282722,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/pdf/wvs250.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282717,"rank":10,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/of01294db1.tar.gz","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":282718,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/of01294db2.tar.gz","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":282719,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/pdf/wvc125.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282720,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/pdf/wvs125.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282721,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/pdf/wvc250.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282716,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/metadata.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":282715,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/pdf/metadata.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409817,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43100.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282713,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282714,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0294/pdf/readme.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"125000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Williamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,43.75 ], [ -123.5,45.75 ], [ -122.5,45.75 ], [ -122.5,43.75 ], [ -123.5,43.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a3a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Givler, R. W.","contributorId":78782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Givler","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31373,"text":"ofr01151 - 2001 - Use of structural geology in exploration for and mining of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T13:03:53.334645","indexId":"ofr01151","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-151","title":"Use of structural geology in exploration for and mining of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits","docAbstract":"<p>Structural geology is an important component in regional-, district- and orebody-scale exploration and development of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits. Identification of timing of important structural events in an ore district allows analysis and classification of fluid conduits and construction of genetic models for ore formation. The most practical uses of structural geology deal with measurement and definition of various elements that comprise orebodies, which can then be directly applied to ore-reserve estimation, ground control, grade control, safety issues, and mine planning. District- and regional-scale structural studies are directly applicable to long-term strategic planning, economic analysis, and land ownership. Orebodies in sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits are discrete, hypogene, epigenetic masses usually hosted in a fault zone, breccia mass, or lithologic bed or unit. These attributes allow structural geology to be directly applied to the mining and exploration of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits. Internal constituents in orebodies reflect unique episodes relating to ore formation. The main internal constituents in orebodies are ore minerals, gangue, and alteration minerals that usually are mixed with one another in complex patterns, the relations among which may be used to interpret the processes of orebody formation and control. Controls of orebody location and shape usually are due to structural dilatant zones caused by changes in attitude, splays, lithologic contacts, and intersections of the host conduit or unit. In addition, conceptual parameters such as district fabric, predictable distances, and stacking also are used to understand the geometry of orebodies. Controls in ore districts and location and geometry of orebodies in ore districts can be predicted to various degrees by using a number of qualitative concepts such as internal and external orebody plunges, district plunge, district stacking, conduit classification, geochemical, geobarometric and geothermal gradients, and tectonic warps. These concepts have practical and empirical application in most mining districts where they are of use in the exploration for ore, but are of such broad and general application that they may not represent known or inferred ore formation processes. Close spatial relation among some sedimentary rock- hosted Au deposits and their host structures suggests that the structures and the orebodies are genetically linked because they may have shared the same developmental history. Examples of probable syn-deformational genesis and structural control of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits are in the large Betze deposit in the Carlin trend, Nevada and in the Lannigou, Jinlongshan, and Maanqiao Au deposits, China.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01151","usgsCitation":"Peters, S., 2001, Use of structural geology in exploration for and mining of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-151, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01151.","productDescription":"39 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01151.jpg"},{"id":282431,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0151/pdf/of01-151.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":3049,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db69220e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Stephen G. speters@usgs.gov","contributorId":2793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Stephen G.","email":"speters@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31354,"text":"ofr9920E - 2001 - Stratigraphic section and selected semiquantitative chemistry, Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of Permian Phosphoria Formation, central part of Rasmussen Ridge, Caribou County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-05T18:25:20.837742","indexId":"ofr9920E","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-20","chapter":"E","title":"Stratigraphic section and selected semiquantitative chemistry, Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of Permian Phosphoria Formation, central part of Rasmussen Ridge, Caribou County, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has studied the Permian Phosphoria Formation in southeastern Idaho and the entire Western U.S. Phosphate Field throughout much of the twentieth century. In response to a request by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, a new series of resource, geological, and geoenvironmental studies was undertaken by the USGS in 1998. To accomplish these studies, the USGS has formed cooperative research relationships with two Federal agencies, the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service, tasked with land management and resource conservation on public lands; and with five private companies currently leasing or developing phosphate resources in southeastern Idaho. The companies are Agrium U.S. Inc. (Rasmussen Ridge mine) , Astaris LLC (Dry Valley mine), Rhodia Inc. (Wooley Valley mine, inactive), J.R. Simplot Company (Smoky Canyon mine), and Monsanto Co. (Enoch Valley mine). Some of the mineralogical research associated with this project is supported through a cooperative agreement with the Department of Geology and Geological Enginee ring, University of Idaho. Present studies consist of integrated, multidisciplinary research directed toward (1) resource and reserve estimations of phosphate in selected 7.5-minute quadrangles; (2) elemental residence, mineralogical and petrochemical characteristics; (3) mobilization and reaction pathways, transport, and fate of potentially toxic elements associated with the occurrence, development, and societal use of phosphate; (4) geophysical signatures; and (5) improving the understanding of deposit origin. Because raw data acquired during the project will require time to interpret, the data are released in open-file reports for prompt availability to other workers. Open-file reports associated with this series of studies are submitted to each of the Federal and industry cooperators for comment; however, the USGS is solely responsible for the data contained in the reports.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9920E","usgsCitation":"Grauch, R., Tysdal, R.G., Johnson, E.A., Herring, J., and Desborough, G.A., 2001, Stratigraphic section and selected semiquantitative chemistry, Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of Permian Phosphoria Formation, central part of Rasmussen Ridge, Caribou County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-20, 1 Plate: 36.00 x 48.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9920E.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.00 x 48.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416782,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_45797.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3019,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0020-e/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Caribou","otherGeospatial":"Rasmussen Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.424,\n              42.89\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.424,\n              42.874\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.402,\n              42.874\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.402,\n              42.89\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.424,\n              42.89\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629c1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, R. I. 0000-0002-1763-0813","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":107698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"R. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tysdal, R. G.","contributorId":8823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, E. A.","contributorId":87893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herring, J. R.","contributorId":43348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Desborough, G. A.","contributorId":34527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":31368,"text":"ofr01132 - 2001 - Geologic map of the Fifteenmile Valley 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T13:29:26.24823","indexId":"ofr01132","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-132","title":"Geologic map of the Fifteenmile Valley 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"<p>Open-File Report OF 01-132 contains a digital geologic map database of the Fifteenmile Valley 7.5’ quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California that includes:</p>\n<br/>\n<p>1. ARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute, http://www.esri.com) version 7.2.1 coverages of the various elements of the geologic map.<br/>\n\n2. A PostScript file to plot the geologic map on a topographic base, and containing a Correlation of Map Units diagram, a Description of Map Units, an index map, and a regional structure map.<br/>\n\n3. Portable Document Format (.pdf) files of:<br/>\n\na. This Readme; includes in Appendix I, data contained in fif_met.txt<br/>\n\nb. The same graphic as plotted in 2 above. (Test plots have not produced 1:24,000-scale map sheets. Adobe Acrobat pagesize setting influences map scale.)</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Correlation of Map Units (CMU) and Description of Map Units (DMU) is in the editorial format of USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series (I-series) maps. Within the geologic map data package, map units are identified by standard geologic map criteria such as formation-name, age, and lithology. Even though this is an author-prepared report, every attempt has been made to closely adhere to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U. S. Geological Survey. Descriptions of units can be obtained by viewing or plotting the .pdf file (3b above) or plotting the postscript file (2 above). If roads in some areas, especially forest roads that parallel topographic contours, do not show well on plots of the geologic map, we recommend use of the USGS Fifteenmile Valley 7.5’ topographic quadrangle in conjunction with the geologic map.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01132","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service (San Bernardino National Forest) and the California Division of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Miller, F.K., and Matti, J.C., 2001, Geologic map of the Fifteenmile Valley 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-132, Readme: 24 p.; Metadata; Database; Map: PDF, 43.85 x 32.44 inches; Map: PostScript file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01132.","productDescription":"Readme: 24 p.; Metadata; Database; Map: PDF, 43.85 x 32.44 inches; Map: PostScript file","numberOfPages":"24","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01132.gif"},{"id":3030,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282088,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0132/fif_met.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":282090,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0132/pdf/fif_map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282087,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0132/pdf/readme.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282089,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0132/fif.tar.gz","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":282091,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0132/fif_map.ps.gz","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Lambert conformal conic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.125,34.375 ], [ -117.125,34.5 ], [ -117.0,34.5 ], [ -117.0,34.375 ], [ -117.125,34.375 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696e0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, F. K.","contributorId":10803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matti, J. C.","contributorId":51712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30958,"text":"wri014170 - 2001 - Metal loading in Soda Butte Creek upstream of Yellowstone National Park, Montana and Wyoming; a retrospective analysis of previous research; and quantification of metal loading, August 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T16:21:00","indexId":"wri014170","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4170","title":"Metal loading in Soda Butte Creek upstream of Yellowstone National Park, Montana and Wyoming; a retrospective analysis of previous research; and quantification of metal loading, August 1999","docAbstract":"Acid drainage from historic mining activities has affected the water quality and aquatic biota of Soda Butte Creek upstream of Yellowstone National Park. Numerous investigations focusing on metals contamination have been conducted in the Soda Butte Creek basin, but interpretations of how metals contamination is currently impacting Soda Butte Creek differ greatly. A retrospective analysis of previous research on metal loading in Soda Butte Creek was completed to provide summaries of studies pertinent to metal loading in Soda Butte Creek and to identify data gaps warranting further investigation.  Identification and quantification of the sources of metal loading to Soda Butte Creek was recognized as a significant data gap. The McLaren Mine tailings impoundment and mill site has long been identified as a source of metals but its contribution relative to the total metal load entering Yellowstone National Park was unknown. A tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling study was designed to determine metal loads upstream of Yellowstone National Park.A tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling study was conducted on an 8,511-meter reach of Soda Butte Creek from upstream of the McLaren Mine tailings impoundment and mill site downstream to the Yellowstone National Park boundary in August 1999. Synoptic-sampling sites were selected to divide the creek into discrete segments. A lithium bromide tracer was injected continuously into Soda Butte Creek for 24.5 hours. Downstream dilution of the tracer and current-meter measurements were used to calculate the stream discharge. Stream discharge values, combined with constituent concentrations obtained by synoptic sampling, were used to quantify constituent loading in each segment of Soda Butte Creek.Loads were calculated for dissolved calcium, silica, and sulfate, as well as for dissolved and total-recoverable iron, aluminum, and manganese. Loads were not calculated for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc because these elements were infrequently detected in mainstem synoptic samples. All of these elements were detected at high concentrations in the seeps draining the McLaren Mine tailings impoundment. The lack of detection of these elements in the downstream mainstem synoptic samples is probably because of sorption (coprecipitation and adsorption) to metal colloids in the stream.Most of the metal load that entered Soda Butte Creek was contributed by the inflows draining the McLaren Mine tailings impoundment (between 505 meters and 760 meters downstream from the tracer-injection site), Republic Creek (1,859 meters), and Unnamed Tributary (8,267 meters). Results indicate that treatment or removal of the McLaren Mine tailings impoundment would greatly reduce metal loading in Soda Butte Creek upstream of Yellowstone National Park. However, removing only that single source may not reduce metal loads to acceptable levels. The sources of metal loading in Republic Creek and Unnamed Tributary merit further investigation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014170","usgsCitation":"Boughton, G., 2001, Metal loading in Soda Butte Creek upstream of Yellowstone National Park, Montana and Wyoming; a retrospective analysis of previous research; and quantification of metal loading, August 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4170, 68 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014170.","productDescription":"68 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2940,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wrir014170","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.0498046875,\n              43.39706523932025\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.18212890625,\n              43.39706523932025\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.18212890625,\n              45.01141864227728\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0498046875,\n              45.01141864227728\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0498046875,\n              43.39706523932025\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625c8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boughton, G.K.","contributorId":70428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boughton","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30965,"text":"wri014203 - 2001 - Trends in peak flows of selected streams in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T13:27:50.577402","indexId":"wri014203","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4203","displayTitle":"Trends in Peak Flows of Selected Streams in Kansas","title":"Trends in peak flows of selected streams in Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>The possibility of a systematic change in flood potential led to an investigation of trends in the magnitude of annual peak flows in Kansas. Efficient design of highway bridges and other flood-plain structures depends on accurate understanding of flood characteristics. The Kendall's tau test was used to identify trends at 40 stream-gaging stations during the 40-year period 1958–97. Records from 13 (32 percent) of the stations showed significant trends at the 95-percent confidence level. Only three of the records (8 percent) analyzed had increasing trends, whereas 10 records (25 percent) had decreasing trends, all of which were for stations located in the western one-half of the State. An analysis of flow volume using mean annual discharge at 29 stations in Kansas resulted in 6 stations (21 percent) with significant trends in flow volumes. All six trends were decreasing and occurred in the western one-half of the State.</p><p>The Kendall's tau test also was used to identify peak-flow trends over the entire period of record for 54 stream-gaging stations in Kansas. Of the 23 records (43 percent) showing significant trends, 16 (30 percent) were decreasing, and 7 (13 percent) were increasing. The trend test then was applied to 30-year periods moving in 5-year increments to identify time periods within each station record when trends were occurring.</p><p>Systematic changes in precipitation patterns and long-term declines in ground-water levels in some stream basins may be contributing to peak-flow trends. To help explain the cause of the streamflow trends, the Kendall's tau test was applied to total annual precipitation and ground-water levels in Kansas. In western Kansas, the lack of precipitation and presence of decreasing trends in ground-water levels indicated that declining water tables are contributing to decreasing trends in peak streamflow. Declining water tables are caused by ground-water withdrawals and other factors such as construction of ponds and terraces.</p><p>Peak-flow records containing trends introduce statistical error into flood-frequency analysis. To examine the effect of trends on flood-frequency analysis, statistically significant trends were added systematically to four nontrending station records. Flood magnitudes estimated on the basis of each data series were compared. The added trends resulted in changes in the 100-year flood magnitudes of as much as 70 percent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014203","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, T.J., and Perry, C.A., 2001, Trends in peak flows of selected streams in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4203, Report: vi, 62 p.; 2 Additional Report Pieces, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014203.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 62 p.; 2 Additional Report Pieces","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science 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 \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:%20dc_ks@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:%20dc_ks@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/kswsc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/kswsc\">Kansas Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1217 Biltmore Drive<br>Lawrence, KS 66049</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Streamflow Trend Analyses</li><li>Evaluation of Trend Causes</li><li>Effects of Trends on Flood-Frequency Analysis</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Charles A. cperry@usgs.gov","contributorId":2093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Charles","email":"cperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30962,"text":"wri014189 - 2001 - Water-quality conditions during low flow in the lower Youghiogheny River basin, Pennsylvania, October 5-7, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:52:55","indexId":"wri014189","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4189","title":"Water-quality conditions during low flow in the lower Youghiogheny River basin, Pennsylvania, October 5-7, 1998","docAbstract":"<p>In October 1998, a chemical synoptic survey was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, in the Lower Youghiogheny River Basin in Pennsylvania to give a snapshot of present (1998) water quality during low-flow conditions. Water samples from 38 sites—12 mainstem sites, 22 tributaries, and 4 mine discharges that discharge directly to the Youghiogheny River—were used to identify sources of contaminants from mining operations. Specific conductance, water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen were measured in the field at each site and concentrations of major ions and trace elements were measured in the laboratory.z</p><p>Unaccounted for gains and losses in streamflow were measured during the study. Unaccounted for losses in streamflow might be attributed to water loss through streambed fractures. Extensive mine tunnels are present in the basin and loss of water to these tunnels seems likely. Unaccounted for gains in streamflow may be from unmeasured tributaries or surface seeps, but most of the gains are suspected to come from artesian flow through fractures in the streambed from underground mine pools. Influent flows of rust-colored water were noted in some river sections.</p><p>The pH values for all the samples collected during this survey were above 5.8, and most (33 of 38 samples) were above 7.0. Samples from the four mine-discharge sites also had pH values between 6.3 and 6.7. The lowest pH (5.8) was in a tributary, Galley Run. All 38 sampling sites had net alkalinity.</p><p>The alkalinity load in the Youghiogheny River increased between Connellsville and McKeesport from 35 to 79 tons per day. Above Smithton, the measured alkalinity load in the Lower Youghiogheny River agreed well with the estimated alkalinity load. Below Smithton, measured alkalinity loads in the Lower Youghiogheny River are greater than calculated loads, resulting in unaccounted for gains in alkalinity. These gains are believed to be from seeps in the streambed. Approximately one-third of the load of total alkalinity in the Youghiogheny River at McKeesport is attributed to Sewickley Creek, which contributes 14 tons per day.</p><p>Sulfate concentrations in the Youghiogheny River steadily increase from 33 milligrams per liter at Connellsville to 77 milligrams per liter near McKeesport. The measured concentrations of sulfate exceeded Pennsylvania water-quality standards at four tributary sites (Galley Run, Hickman Run, Sewickley Creek, and Gillespie Run) and all four mine-discharge sites but not at any main-stem sites. A large increase in sulfate load between West Newton and Sutersville can be attributed almost entirely to the contribution from Sewickley Creek (49 tons per day). Approximately 25 percent of the load measured between Connellsville and McKeesport is unaccounted for. These gains are believed to be from seeps in the streambed from underground mine pools.</p><p>Similar patterns also were observed for loads of sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Unmeasured inputs from mine drainage are believed to be the source of these loads. Elevated concentrations (above background levels) of chemicals associated with drainage from coal-mining operations were measured in samples from tributaries, especially from Galley Run, Gillespie Run, and Sewickley Creek, and from the mine-discharge sites. The synoptic survey conducted for this study was successful in identifying generalized reaches of the Youghiogheny River where unaccounted for loads of constituents associated with mining activities are entering the river. However, the survey was not able to pinpoint the location of these loads. Remote-sensing techniques, such as thermal infrared imaging by the National Energy Technology Laboratory, could be useful for determining the precise locations of these inputs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Sams, J.I., Schroeder, K.T., Ackman, T.E., Crawford, J.K., and Otto, K.L., 2001, Water-quality conditions during low flow in the lower Youghiogheny River basin, Pennsylvania, October 5-7, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4189, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014189.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4189/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":351023,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4189/wri20014189.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4189"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract&nbsp;</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Environmental setting of the Youghiogheny River Basin&nbsp;</li><li>Effects of historical coal mining in the Lower Youghiogheny River Basin</li><li>Methods for the current study</li><li>Hydrologic and water-quality conditions measured during low flow</li><li>Companion research at National Energy Technology Laboratory</li><li>Summary</li><li>References cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faed1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sams, James I. III","contributorId":38603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sams","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroeder, Karl T.","contributorId":107984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackman, Terry E.","contributorId":200007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackman","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35678,"text":"M T Water Management, Inc., 438 Old Clairton Rd., Jefferson Hills, PA 15025","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":204463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, J. K.","contributorId":18396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Otto, Kim L.","contributorId":82011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":30957,"text":"wri20014152 - 2001 - Flood frequency estimates and documented and potential extreme peak discharges in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:54:21","indexId":"wri20014152","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4152","title":"Flood frequency estimates and documented and potential extreme peak discharges in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the magnitude and frequency of floods is required for the safe and economical design of highway bridges, culverts, dams, levees, and other structures on or near streams; and for flood plain management programs. Flood frequency estimates for gaged streamflow sites were updated, documented extreme peak discharges for gaged and miscellaneous measurement sites were tabulated, and potential extreme peak discharges for Oklahoma streamflow sites were estimated. Potential extreme peak discharges, derived from the relation between documented extreme peak discharges and contributing drainage areas, can provide valuable information concerning the maximum peak discharge that could be expected at a stream site. Potential extreme peak discharge is useful in conjunction with flood frequency analysis to give the best evaluation of flood risk at a site.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPeak discharge and flood frequency for selected recurrence intervals from 2 to 500 years were estimated for 352 gaged streamflow sites. Data through 1999 water year were used from streamflow-gaging stations with at least 8 years of record within Oklahoma or about 25 kilometers into the bordering states of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, New Mexico, and Texas. These sites were in unregulated basins, and basins affected by regulation, urbanization, and irrigation.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDocumented extreme peak discharges and associated data were compiled for 514 sites in and near Oklahoma, 352 with streamflow-gaging stations and 162 at miscellaneous measurements sites or streamflow-gaging stations with short record, with a total of 671 measurements.The sites are fairly well distributed statewide, however many streams, large and small, have never been monitored.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPotential extreme peak-discharge curves were developed for streamflow sites in hydrologic regions of the state based on documented extreme peak discharges and the contributing drainage areas.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nTwo hydrologic regions, east and west, were defined using 98 degrees 15 minutes longitude as the dividing line.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014152","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Tortorelli, R.L., and McCabe, L.P., 2001, Flood frequency estimates and documented and potential extreme peak discharges in Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4152, iv, 39 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014152.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342509,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014152/pdf/wri014152.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":11876,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014152/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cce4b07f02db54440e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Lan P.","contributorId":101292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Lan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30956,"text":"wri014139 - 2001 - An evaluation of borehole flowmeters used to measure horizontal ground-water flow in limestones of Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T08:57:07","indexId":"wri014139","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4139","displayTitle":"An evaluation of borehole flowmeters used to measure horizontal ground-water flow in limestones of Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee, 1999","title":"An evaluation of borehole flowmeters used to measure horizontal ground-water flow in limestones of Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee, 1999","docAbstract":"<p>Three borehole flowmeters and hydrophysical logging were used to measure ground-water flow in carbonate bedrock at sites in southeastern Indiana and on the west-central border of Kentucky and Tennessee. The three flowmeters make point measurements of the direction and magnitude of horizontal flow, and hydrophysical logging measures the magnitude of horizontal flowover an interval. The directional flowmeters evaluated include a horizontal heat-pulse flowmeter, an acoustic Doppler velocimeter, and a colloidal borescope flowmeter. Each method was used to measure flow in selected zones where previous geophysical logging had indicated water-producing beds, bedding planes, or other permeable features that made conditions favorable for horizontal-flow measurements.</p><p>Background geophysical logging indicated that ground-water production from the Indiana test wells was characterized by inflow from a single, 20-foot-thick limestone bed. The Kentucky/Tennessee test wells produced water from one or more bedding planes where geophysical logs indicated the bedding planes had been enlarged by dissolution. Two of the three test wells at the latter site contained measurable vertical flow between two or more bedding planes under ambient hydraulic head conditions.</p><p>Field measurements and data analyses for each flow-measurement technique were completed by a developer of the technology or by a contractor with extensive experience in the application of that specific technology. Comparison of the horizontal-flow measurements indicated that the three point-measurement techniques rarely measured the same velocities and flow directions at the same measurement stations. Repeat measurements at selected depth stations also failed to consistently reproduce either flow direction, flow magnitude, or both. At a few test stations, two of the techniques provided similar flow magnitude or direction but usually not both. Some of this variability may be attributed to naturally occurring changes in hydraulic conditions during the 1-month study period in August and September 1999. The actual velocities and flow directions are unknown; therefore, it is uncertain which technique provided the most accurate measurements of horizontal flow in the boreholes and which measurements were most representative of flow in the aquifers.</p><p>The horizontal heat-pulse flowmeter consistently yielded flow magnitudes considerably less than those provided by the acoustic Doppler velocimeter and colloidal borescope. The design of the horizontal heat-pulse flowmeter compensates for the local acceleration of ground-water velocity in the open borehole. The magnitude of the velocities estimated from the hydrophysical logging were comparable to those of the horizontal heat-pulse flowmeter, presumably because the hydrophysical logging also effectively compensates for the effect of the borehole on the flow field and averages velocity over a length of borehole rather than at a point. The acoustic Doppler velocimeter and colloidal borescope have discrete sampling points that allow for measuring preferential flow velocities that can be substantially higher than the average velocity through a length of borehole. The acoustic Doppler velocimeter and colloidal borescope also measure flow at the center of the borehole where the acceleration of the flow field should be greatest.</p><p>Of the three techniques capable of measuring direction and magnitude of horizontal flow, only the acoustic Doppler velocimeter measured vertical flow. The acoustic Doppler velocimeter consistently measured downward velocity in all test wells. This apparent downward flow was attributed, in part, to particles falling through the water column as a result of mechanical disturbance during logging. Hydrophysical logging yielded estimates of vertical flow in the Kentucky/Tennessee test wells. In two of the test wells, the hydrophysical logging involved deliberate isolation of water-producing bedding planes with a packer to ensure that small horizontal flow could be quantified without the presence of vertical flow. The presence of vertical flow in the Kentucky/Tennessee test wells may preclude the definitive measurement of horizontal flow without the use of effective packer devices. None of the point-measurement techniques used a packer, but each technique used baffle devices to help suppress the vertical flow. The effectiveness of these baffle devices is not known; therefore, the effect of vertical flow on the measurements cannot be quantified.</p><p>The general lack of agreement among the point-measurement techniques in this study highlights the difficulty of using measurements at a single depth point in a borehole to characterize the average horizontal flow in a heterogeneous aquifer. The effective measurement of horizontal flow may depend on the precise depth at which measurements are made, and the measurements at a given depth may vary over time as hydraulic head conditions change. The various measurements also demonstrate that the magnitude and possibly the direction of horizontal flow are affected by the presence of the open borehole. Although there is a lack of agreement among the measurement techniques, these results could mean that effective characterization of horizontal flow in heterogeneous aquifers might be possible if data from many depth stations and from repeat measurements can be averaged over an extended time period. Complications related to vertical flow in the borehole highlights the importance of using background logging methods like vertical flowmeters or hydrophysical logging to characterize the borehole environment before horizontal-flow measurements are attempted. If vertical flow is present, a packer device may be needed to acquire definitive measurements of horizontal flow.</p><p>Because hydrophysical logging provides a complete depth profile of the borehole, a strength of this technique is in identifying horizontal- and vertical-flow zones in a well. Hydrophysical logging may be most applicable as a screening method. Horizontal- flow zones identified with the hydrophysical logging then could be evaluated with one of the point-measurement techniques for quantifying preferential flow zones and flow directions.</p><p>Additional research is needed to determine how measurements of flow in boreholes relate to flow in bedrock aquifers. The flowmeters may need to be evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions to determine which of the methods accurately measure ground-water velocities and flow directions. Additional research also is needed to investigate variations in flow direction with time, daily changes in velocity, velocity corrections for fractured bedrock aquifers and unconsolidated aquifers, and directional differences in individual wells for hydraulically separated flow zones.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Environmental Center, Environmental Restoration Division","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.T., Mandell, W.A., Paillet, F.L., Bayless, E.R., Hanson, R.T., Kearl, P.M., Kerfoot, W.B., Newhouse, M.W., and Pedler, W.H., 2001, An evaluation of borehole flowmeters used to measure horizontal ground-water flow in limestones of Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4139, Report: ix, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014139.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 129 p.","numberOfPages":"139","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2922,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4139","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4139/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358653,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4139/wri20014139.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4139"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_in@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_in@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\">Indiana Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>5957 Lakeside Blvd.<br>Indianapolis, IN 46278</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of the Flowmeters</li><li>Description of the Study Areas and Test Wells</li><li>Methods of Investigation</li><li>Comparison of the Flowmeter Methods</li><li>Evaluation and Comparison of the Flowmeter Measurements</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6849bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, John T. 0000-0001-6752-4069 jtwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-4069","contributorId":1954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"John","email":"jtwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":204441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mandell, Wayne A.","contributorId":70443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandell","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":38191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bayless, E. Randall 0000-0002-0357-3635","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-3635","contributorId":42586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kearl, Peter M.","contributorId":105777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kearl","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kerfoot, William B.","contributorId":23597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerfoot","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Newhouse, Mark W.","contributorId":36181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhouse","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pedler, William H.","contributorId":72431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedler","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":30954,"text":"wri014057 - 2001 - Indications and potential sources of change in sand transport in the Brazos River, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T15:57:14","indexId":"wri014057","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4057","title":"Indications and potential sources of change in sand transport in the Brazos River, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Changes in the capacity of the Brazos River to transport sand can be identified within the context of Lane’s relation through changes in channel geometry, changes in the characteristics of suspended loads, and changes in discharge. The Brazos River channel has been undergoing continual adjustment since the 1940s. For a discharge of 5,000 cubic feet per second, the watersurface altitude has decreased 2 to 4 feet at the Hempstead and Richmond streamflow-gaging stations between 1940 and 1995. The characteristics of suspended-sediment samples at the Richmond streamflow-gaging station have changed between the periods 1969–81 and 1982– 95. The amount of sand-size sediment transported in suspension has decreased. The distribution of both daily and annual-peak discharges has changed. However, the computed annual loads of suspended sand indicate no statistically significant change in the median annual load.</p><p>The transport of sand in the Brazos River depends on a complex set of factors, most of which are continually changing. Potential sources of change in sand transport in the Brazos River include the effects of reservoir construction, changes in land use, and instream sand and gravel mining. Extensive reservoir construction in the Brazos River Basin has reduced sand transport by trapping sediment and by reducing the magnitude of peak discharges. However, reductions in sand transport associated with reservoir construction apparently are compensated for by increases associated with tributary sediment inflow and localized bank erosion. The total area of harvested acres of non-hay crops in the lower Brazos River Basin during 1924–92 decreased more than 75 percent from about 32 percent to about 8 percent of the total area. Correspondingly, erosion potential has decreased substantially. Several sand and gravel mining sites are located on the Brazos River between Hempstead and Rosharon. The quantity of sediment extracted by instream sand and gravel mining operations could represent from 11 to 25 percent of the total sand transported by the Brazos River. The effects of mining on sand transport could not be quantified. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014057","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and the University of Texas Bureau of Economic Geology","usgsCitation":"Dunn, D., and Raines, T.H., 2001, Indications and potential sources of change in sand transport in the Brazos River, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4057, HTML Document; Report: iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014057.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014057.JPG"},{"id":2920,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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thraines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Timothy","email":"thraines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30952,"text":"wri014042 - 2001 - Shallow ground-water quality in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:12","indexId":"wri014042","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4042","title":"Shallow ground-water quality in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area","docAbstract":"Analyses of water samples collected from 29 wells across the Boston metropolitan area indicate that shallow ground water in recently urbanized settings often contains trace amounts of nutrients, fuel, and industrial-based organic compounds. Most of the samples that contained detectable amounts of organic compounds also had elevated levels of iron and total dissolved solids. Nitrate was detected in 83 percent of the samples, but the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) drinking-water standard of 10 milligrams per liter nitrate was exceeded in just one sample. Low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in 76 percent of the samples, with as many as 13 different VOCs detected in a single sample. The concentration of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in one sample was 267 micrograms per liter, which exceeds the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection drinking-water guideline of 70 micrograms per liter. Chloroform and MTBE were the two most frequently detected VOCs. MTBE was detected at the same frequency in ground water in the Boston metropolitan area as in other urban areas of New England. Chloroform is detected at higher frequency in old, densely populated areas in New England than in more recently developed, less densely populated areas. Pesticide detections were few, but only at trace concentrations, and none of the concentrations exceeded any drinking-water standard.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014042","usgsCitation":"Flanagan, S.M., Montgomery, D., and Ayotte, J., 2001, Shallow ground-water quality in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4042, 11 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014042.","productDescription":"11 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2919,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014042","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c8e4b07f02db5d5bb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flanagan, S. M.","contributorId":12523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montgomery, D.L.","contributorId":100901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayotte, J. D.","contributorId":96667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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