{"pageNumber":"307","pageRowStart":"7650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10961,"records":[{"id":44716,"text":"wri924125 - 1993 - Historical saturated thickness of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system and selected contiguous hydraulically connected units, west-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T21:18:19.277421","indexId":"wri924125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4125","title":"Historical saturated thickness of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system and selected contiguous hydraulically connected units, west-central Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards-Trinity Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) is one of 25 completed or ongoing studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey on regional aquifer systems that individually provide essential quantities of ground water to large parts of the country. Underlying about 42,000 mi<sup>2</sup> of west-central Texas, the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system extends approximately from Atascosa County in the southeast to Culberson County in the northwest and from the Rio Grande in the southwest to the Colorado River in the northeast (sheet 2). The Edwards-Trinity aquifer system spans four geographic subareas: Trans-Pecos, Edwards Plateau, Hill Country, and Balcones fault zone (fig. 1). The names of all aquifers in the study area were adopted for RASA purposes directly from nomenclature mandated by the Texas Water Plan (Texas Water Development Board, 1990).</p>\n<p>The Cretaceous rocks that compose the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system are primarily limestone and dolomite rock, with lesser quantities of terrigenous sand. Although the lithology varies locally and the rocks are not everywhere permeable in all directions, they combine to form a single regional aquifer system. The aquifer system comprises three aquifers and two confining units (figs. 2 and 3). The water-yielding units are the Edwards aquifer of the Balcones fault zone, the Trinity aquifer of the Balcones fault zone and Hill Country, and the Edwards-Trinity aquifer of the Edwards Plateau and Trans-Pecos. The confining units are the Hammett confining unit, which confines basal parts of the Trinity aquifer in the Hill Country and the Edwards-Trinity aquifer in the eastern part of the Edwards Plateau, and the Navarro-Del Rio confining unit, which confines the Edwards and Trinity aquifers along the southeastern margin of the Balcones fault zone. Parts of the aquifer system not overlain by one of these confining units are unconfined, or nearly so.</p>\n<p>The purposes of this report are to illustrate the historical distribution of saturated thickness (hereafter referred to as the saturated thickness) in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system, summarize the reasons for the variation in the saturated thickness, and relate the regional effects of this variation to the distribution of transmissivity. The saturated thickness map (sheet 2) was determined for most of the area by subtracting the altitude of the base of the aquifer system (Barker and Ardis, 1992) from the altitude of the historical potentiometric surface (Bush and others, 1993). Where the Edwards and Trinity aquifers are confined in the Balcones fault zone, the saturated thickness is defined by the thickness of the aquifer system, which was determined by subtracting the altitude of the base of the aquifer system from the altitude of the base of the Navarro-Del Rio confining unit (G.E. Groschen and W.G. Stein, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun, 1990).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri924125","usgsCitation":"Ardis, A.F., and Barker, R.A., 1993, Historical saturated thickness of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system and selected contiguous hydraulically connected units, west-central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4125, 2 Plates: 36.50 x 25.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924125.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 36.50 x 25.82 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326558,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri924125.JPG"},{"id":414054,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47680.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":82012,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4125/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82011,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4125/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards-Trinity aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -104,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.7667,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.7667,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -104,\n              32\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62eb42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ardis, Ann F.","contributorId":96672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ardis","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, Rene A.","contributorId":82669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Rene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25384,"text":"wri934054 - 1993 - Age dating ground water by use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2), and distribution of chlorofluorocarbons in the unsaturated zone, Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T19:51:26.562864","indexId":"wri934054","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4054","displayTitle":"Age dating ground water by use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl<sub>3</sub>F and CCl<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>), and distribution of chlorofluorocarbons in the unsaturated zone, Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","title":"Age dating ground water by use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2), and distribution of chlorofluorocarbons in the unsaturated zone, Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934054","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., Weeks, E., Plummer, N., and Bartholomay, R.C., 1993, Age dating ground water by use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2), and distribution of chlorofluorocarbons in the unsaturated zone, Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4054, v, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934054.","productDescription":"v, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394684,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47780.htm"},{"id":54118,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4054/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.7139892578125,\n              43.11902898139767\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.225341796875,\n              43.11902898139767\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.225341796875,\n              44.19598988458207\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.7139892578125,\n              44.19598988458207\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.7139892578125,\n              43.11902898139767\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weeks, E.P.","contributorId":38514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartholomay, R. C.","contributorId":66271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":43050,"text":"ofr93543 - 1993 - Preliminary map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:08","indexId":"ofr93543","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-543","title":"Preliminary map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr93543","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 1993, Preliminary map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-543, 1 map :col. ;43 x 101 cm., on sheet 72 x 110 cm., folded to 28 x 21 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93543.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;43 x 101 cm., on sheet 72 x 110 cm., folded to 28 x 21 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246697,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12765.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12765"},{"id":176381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cf00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, D. R.","contributorId":25923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26902,"text":"wri924025 - 1993 - Hydrologic data and hydrologic budget for Summit Lake Reservoir, Henry County, East-Central Indiana, water years 1989 and 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T07:45:42","indexId":"wri924025","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4025","title":"Hydrologic data and hydrologic budget for Summit Lake Reservoir, Henry County, East-Central Indiana, water years 1989 and 1990","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic data were collected near Summit Lake Reservoir for 2 years beginning October 1, 1988, and ending September 30, 1990. The data-collection network consisted of 1 reservoir-stage gage, 2 precipitation gages, 1 evaporation pan, 2 streamflow gages, and 13 observation wells. Stage-area and stage-storage relations for the reservoir were used in combination with the hydrologic data to determine the reservoir's annual hydrologic budgets for water years 1989 and 1990.</p>\n<p>Components of the hydrologic budget are considered either as inflow or outflow. Differences between inflow and outflow result in a change in reservoir storage. Components of inflow are direct precipitation, surface-water flow, and ground-water flow. Components of outflow are evaporation and ground-water flow. There was no surface-water outflow during the study.</p>\n<p>The hydrologic budget was calculated by use of daily, monthly, and yearly values of precipitation and surface-water flow, monthly values of ground-water flow, and yearly values of evaporation and reservoir storage. Comparison of results from different time intervals indicates there is little difference between annual volumes for components calculated from daily and monthly values. Annual volumes calculated from yearly values differ by less than 5 percent from those calculated from daily and monthly values.</p>\n<p>The total inflow to Summit Lake Reservoir was nearly identical for water years 1989 and 1990-about 10,360 acre-feet per year. Surface water was about 72 percent of the total inflow in water year 1989 and about 70 percent in water year 1990. Direct precipitation was about 18 percent of the total inflow in water year 1989 and about 23 percent in water year 1990. Ground-water inflow was about 10 percent of the total inflow in water year 1989 and about 7 percent in water year 1990.</p>\n<p>The total outflow from evaporation and ground-water flow was 5,700 acre-feet in water year 1989 and 7,710 acre-feet in water year 1990--about 19 percent evaporation and 81 percent ground-water outflow for both water years. Reservoir storage increased during both years; the change in storage was about 4,330 acre-feet in water year 1989 and about 2,890 acre-feet in water year 1990. Discrepancies between inflow, outflow, and reservoir storage reflect errors in the budget resulting from regionalization or interpretation of hydrologic data and from errors inherent in all hydrologic measurements.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri924025","collaboration":"Indiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Duwelius, R., 1993, Hydrologic data and hydrologic budget for Summit Lake Reservoir, Henry County, East-Central Indiana, water years 1989 and 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4025, iv, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm. 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924025.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm. 47 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4025/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55783,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4025/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Henry","otherGeospatial":"Summit Lake Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.2157,40.0765],[-85.2152,40.0044],[-85.2014,40.0042],[-85.2013,39.875],[-85.2133,39.8751],[-85.2205,39.8748],[-85.2214,39.7895],[-85.243,39.7902],[-85.3017,39.789],[-85.3519,39.7894],[-85.4651,39.7886],[-85.5765,39.7858],[-85.5968,39.786],[-85.5969,39.8735],[-85.5759,39.8738],[-85.5774,39.9459],[-85.5763,40.0769],[-85.2157,40.0765]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Henry\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fc78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duwelius, R.F.","contributorId":28250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duwelius","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29234,"text":"wri914079 - 1993 - Ground-water resources of the Caguas-Juncos Valley, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T20:53:57.601555","indexId":"wri914079","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4079","title":"Ground-water resources of the Caguas-Juncos Valley, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"?The Caguas-Juncos valley, which occupies an area of 35 square miles in east-central Puerto Rico, is underlain by the largely unconfined alluvial aquifer.  Withdrawals from this aquifer for public water supply and for agricultural, industrial, and domestic water uses totalled about 3.0 million gallons per day in 1988.  Some wells in the valley yield as much as 310 gallons per minute from the alluvial deposits along Rio Gurabo near Gurabo and near Juncos.  Wells used at dairy farms in the area commonly yield about 30 gallons per minute. The potentiometric surface of the alluvial aquifer varies seasonally and generally is highest near the end of December and lowest in April. Transmissivity of the alluvial aquifer, estimated from specific capacity and slug test data, ranges from 65 to 4,800 feet squared per day.  The estimated specific yield of the water-table is about 10 to 15 percent.  The amount of water stored in the aquifer is estimated to be about 122,000 acre-feet.  Analyses of ground-water samples revealed the presence of two distinct problems-- high natural concentrations of iron and manganese, and localized areas of human- related contamination scattered throughout the valley.  The ground water is a calcium-bicarbonate type and typically has dissolved solids concentrations of less than 500 milligrams per liter.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914079","usgsCitation":"Puig, J.C., and Rodriguez, J.M., 1993, Ground-water resources of the Caguas-Juncos Valley, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4079, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914079.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58090,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4079/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4079/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414050,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47497.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Caguas-Juncos Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.0833,\n              18.3083\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.0833,\n              18.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.833,\n              18.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.833,\n              18.3083\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.0833,\n              18.3083\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d474","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puig, J. C.","contributorId":63437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puig","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, J. M.","contributorId":70421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29327,"text":"wri924113 - 1993 - Sedimentation in Whitewater Lake, Union County, east-central Indiana, 1959-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T09:13:36","indexId":"wri924113","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4113","title":"Sedimentation in Whitewater Lake, Union County, east-central Indiana, 1959-88","docAbstract":"<p>Sedimentation has had little effect on the storage capacity or surface area of Whitewater Lake. The lake was constructed by damming Silver Creek in 1949 and was dredged during 1978-81 and 1984-88. At the dam, the drainage area of Silver Creek is 19.2 square miles. Locations where the largest amount of sediment has accumulated for the 29-year period 1959-88 are in the upper part of the lake where Silver Creek enters. In general, except for the upper part of the lake, there has been little sediment accumulation in most of the lake. The surface area of the lake was 7,580,000 square feet (174 acres) in 1959 and 6,590,000 square feet (151 acres) in 1988.</p>\n<p>In 1959, the volume of water in Whitewater Lake was 138,000,000 cubic feet; in 1988, the volume was 132,000,000 cubic feet. The amount of sediment that accumulated in the lake from 1959-88 was 6,000,000 cubic feet. In 1988, the volume of water remaining in the lake was 95.6 percent of the 1959 volume, and 4.4 percent of the 1959 lake volume had filled with sediment.</p>\n<p>The total amount of sediment that accumulated in Whitewater Lake from 1959-88 (10,350,000 cubic feet) was determined by adding the amount of sediment that accumulated in the lake from 1959-88 (6,000,000 cubic feet) and the amount of sediment that was dredged from the lake during 1978-81 and 1984-88 (4,350,000 cubic feet). Thus, the annual rate of sediment accumulation in the lake from 1959-88 was 357,000 cubic feet per year.</p>\n<p>Potential decreases in the storage capacity of Whitewater Lake based on whether dredging is continued or discontinued were estimated for the 29-year period 1989-2017. If dredging is continued, the potential for future decreases in the storage capacity of the lake is small. If dredging is discontinued, the volume of water in the lake in 2017 is estimated to be 88.2 percent of the 1959 volume; 11.8 percent of the 1959 volume of the lake would be filled with sediment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri924113","collaboration":"Indiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Renn, D., 1993, Sedimentation in Whitewater Lake, Union County, east-central Indiana, 1959-88: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4113, v, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924113.","productDescription":"v, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58166,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4113/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Union County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.8146,39.7267],[-84.815,39.5677],[-84.8154,39.5296],[-84.8154,39.5218],[-84.9941,39.524],[-85.0108,39.5242],[-85.0233,39.5244],[-85.0227,39.5275],[-85.0364,39.5273],[-85.0344,39.7145],[-85.0347,39.729],[-84.9701,39.7291],[-84.9708,39.7269],[-84.8146,39.7267]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Union\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renn, D.E.","contributorId":36941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renn","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17585,"text":"ofr93273 - 1993 - Progress report on chronostratigraphic and paleoclimatic studies, Middle Mississippi River Valley, eastern Arkansas and western Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T20:08:24.257501","indexId":"ofr93273","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-273","title":"Progress report on chronostratigraphic and paleoclimatic studies, Middle Mississippi River Valley, eastern Arkansas and western Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93273","usgsCitation":"1993, Progress report on chronostratigraphic and paleoclimatic studies, Middle Mississippi River Valley, eastern Arkansas and western Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-273, iii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93273.","productDescription":"iii, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405944,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12666.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":150009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0273/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46783,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0273/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"middle Mississippi River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.54931640625,\n              34.985003130171066\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.09912109375,\n              34.985003130171066\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.09912109375,\n              36.474306755095235\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.54931640625,\n              36.474306755095235\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.54931640625,\n              34.985003130171066\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65deff","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Markewich, H. W.","contributorId":31426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749245,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29657,"text":"wri934118 - 1993 - Water-level changes and directions of ground-water flow in the shallow aquifer, Fallon area, Churchill County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-06T15:03:33","indexId":"wri934118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4118","title":"Water-level changes and directions of ground-water flow in the shallow aquifer, Fallon area, Churchill County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>The Truckee-Carson-Pyramid Lake Water Rights Settlement Act of 1990 directed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to acquire water for wetland areas in the Carson Desert. The public is concerned that this acquisition of water rights and delivery of the water directly to the wetland areas would reduce recharge to the shallow ground water in the Fallen area and cause domestic wells to go dry. In January 1992, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, began a study of the shallow ground-water system in the Fallen area in Churchill County, Nevada.</p><p>A network of 126 wells in the study area was monitored. Water levels were measured in wells before, during, and after the 1992 irrigation season. Water levels in 24 of the wells were measured every 2 weeks beginning in January 1992. Many wells in the network had been monitored during earlier investigations, allowing determination of changes in water level during the last 15 years. </p><p>Newlands Project water deliveries to the study area began soon after the turn of the century. Since then, water levels have risen more than 15 feet across much of the study area. Water lost from unlined irrigation canals caused Big Soda Lake to rise nearly 60 feet; ground-water levels near the lake have risen 30 to 40 feet. The depth to water in most irrigated areas is now less than 10 feet. </p><p>The net change in water level over the 15- year period between early 1977 and early 1992 has been small in spite of 6 years of drought. Water levels in most wells for which data are available declined less than 1 foot. Some wells in the south and north parts of the study area showed rises in water level during this period. The lake level in Big Soda Lake declined slightly more than 3 feet between 1971 and 1992. </p><p>Between January and November 1992, water levels in most wells declined, generally less than 2 feet. The maximum measured decline over this period was 2.68 feet in a well in the Stillwater area. Between April and July, however, water levels rose in irrigated areas typically 1 to 2 feet. </p><p>When the upper reaches of the T-Line Canal were lined in 1983-84 to reduce seepage to ground water, the water levels declined from 7.5 feet to more than 10 feet in wells near the canal. Water levels in a well near an unlined reach of the canal are essentially unchanged from what they were before the upper reaches of the canal were lined. </p><p>The altitude of the water table ranges from 4,025 feet above sea level 11 miles west of Fallon to 3,865 feet in the Stillwater Marsh area. The hydraulic gradient is small and ranges from about 6 to 9 feet per mile from west to east. </p><p>The principal recharge area is in the west part of the study area along the Carson River and major canals. Ground water flows eastward and divides; some flow goes northeast toward the Carson Sink and Stillwater areas, and some goes southeast to Carson Lake. Carson Lake is a regional discharge area. </p><p>Future declines in water level can be expected in irrigated areas if canals are lined or if the amount of water carried in the canals is greatly reduced. The amount and rate of water-level change at a particular site will depend on sitespecific geohydrologic factors. The effect of these water-level changes at a specific shallow well will depend on the depth and condition of the well.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934118","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., and Allander, K.K., 1993, Water-level changes and directions of ground-water flow in the shallow aquifer, Fallon area, Churchill County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4118, Report: iv, 74 p.; Plate: 29.15 x 26.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934118.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 74 p.; Plate: 29.15 x 26.25 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58480,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4118/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58481,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4118/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Churchill County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.125,\n              39.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.375,\n              39.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.375,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.125,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.125,\n              39.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, Ralph L.","contributorId":13609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allander, Kip K. 0000-0002-3317-298X kalland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-298X","contributorId":2290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip","email":"kalland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26108,"text":"wri924077 - 1993 - Hydrogeology of glacial deposits in a preglacial bedrock valley, Waukesha County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T13:40:36","indexId":"wri924077","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4077","title":"Hydrogeology of glacial deposits in a preglacial bedrock valley, Waukesha County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the areal extent, thickness, and hydraulic properties of glacial deposits in a preglacial bedrock valley south of the city of Waukesha in southeastern Wisconsin. In the 40- square-mile study area, the preglacial bedrock valley underlies an area across which the Fox River flows. A previous regional study of the area indicated that extensive glacial sand and gravel deposits may exist in the preglacial bedrock valley. New test-hole, well-construction, and seismic data collected from 1986 through 1991 showed that the preglacial bedrock valley immediately south of the city of Waukesha is narrower and shallower than previously thought. However, these data indicate that thicknesses of saturated glacial deposits in excess of 250 feet exist in a 1- to 2-mile-wide part of the valley in the southern part of the study area. Test-hole logs indicate that clean sand and gravel deposits are present in a shallow part of the preglacial bedrock valley. Fifty to sixty feet of silty and clayey sand and gravel deposits appear to underlie varying thicknesses of relatively impermeable clay till in the center of the study area. Ground water flows from upland areas on the eastern and western sides of the Fox River and discharges to the Fox River and wetlands adjacent to the river.</p>\n<p>Results of a 6.5-hour aquifer test indicate that the silty sand and gravel deposits have an average transmissivity of about 140 feet squared per day and an average storage coefficient of about 1.2x10\"3 at one location. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity of these deposits averages about 4 feet per day. Analysis of drawdown indicates that these deposits are part of a leaky confined-aquifer system and that some water is derived from storage in an overlying clay layer. The transmissivity value determined from this aquifer test and a lack of clean sand and gravel encountered in other test holes indicate that glacial deposits at these sites may not yield enough water for a large municipal water supply. Sand and gravel deposits, capable of development as a municipal supply, may be present in the southern part of the study area. However, additional test holes are needed to determine whether adequate sand and gravel deposits underlie this area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Waukesha Water Utility","usgsCitation":"Batten, W.G., and Conlon, T., 1993, Hydrogeology of glacial deposits in a preglacial bedrock valley, Waukesha County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4077, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924077.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4077/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54904,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Waukesha County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.5401,43.1978],[-88.4183,43.1964],[-88.3027,43.1954],[-88.1827,43.1948],[-88.0639,43.194],[-88.0664,43.1076],[-88.0682,43.0202],[-88.0692,42.9725],[-88.0675,42.9334],[-88.0699,42.8447],[-88.1868,42.8451],[-88.3044,42.8444],[-88.5413,42.8445],[-88.5413,42.9341],[-88.5407,43.0232],[-88.5407,43.111],[-88.5401,43.1978]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Waukesha\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62460a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batten, W. G.","contributorId":89504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batten","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conlon, T.D. 0000-0002-5899-7187","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-7187","contributorId":97947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":58668,"text":"mf1996E - 1993 - Mineralogical maps showing distribution of selected ore-related minerals in the nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral-concentrate fraction of stream sediment from the Mount Hayes 1 degree by 3 degrees Quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:33:35","indexId":"mf1996E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1996","chapter":"E","title":"Mineralogical maps showing distribution of selected ore-related minerals in the nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral-concentrate fraction of stream sediment from the Mount Hayes 1 degree by 3 degrees Quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Exploratory geochemical sampling was done in 1979, 1980, and 1981. The collection of composite samples of stream sediment or glacial debris was emphasized the first 2 years; the last year was spent collecting mineralized stream pebbles, float, and outcrop samples. The stream-sediment and heavy- mineral-concentrate samples were collected at 795 sites on tributary streams having drainage basins ranging from 1 to 5 mi 2 in area. The glacial debris samples were collected at 116 sites on tributary glaciers also having drainage basins ranging from 1 to 5 mi2 in area. All of these samples were analyzed for 31 elements by six-step semiquantitative emission spectrography (Grimes and Marranzino, 1968). In addition, all samples were analyzed for zinc by an atomic absorption method (Ward and others, 1969). The spectrographic and chemical results are available in O'Leary and others (1982).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1996E","usgsCitation":"Tripp, R.B., Curtin, G.C., Nokleberg, W.J., Huston, D.L., and Hampton, J.R., 1993, Mineralogical maps showing distribution of selected ore-related minerals in the nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral-concentrate fraction of stream sediment from the Mount Hayes 1 degree by 3 degrees Quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1996, Report: 13 p.; 3 Plates: 33.88 x 42.89 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1996E.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 3 Plates: 33.88 x 42.89 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1996E.jpg"},{"id":105167,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5590.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5590"},{"id":310213,"rank":701,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-E/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310214,"rank":702,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-E/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310215,"rank":703,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-E/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310216,"rank":704,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-E/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147,63 ], [ -147,64 ], [ -144,64 ], [ -144,63 ], [ -147,63 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e479de4b07f02db491e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tripp, Richard B.","contributorId":25997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tripp","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curtin, Gary C.","contributorId":89109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":260336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huston, David L.","contributorId":67139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huston","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hampton, James R.","contributorId":34591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":65685,"text":"i2371 - 1993 - Geologic map of the Palo Alto and part of the Redwood Point 7-1/2' quadrangles, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46667,"text":"ofr70255 - 1970 - Geologic map of the southern part of the Redwood Point 7 1/2' quadrangle, San Mateo County, California","indexId":"ofr70255","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the southern part of the Redwood Point 7 1/2' quadrangle, San Mateo County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":65685,"text":"i2371 - 1993 - Geologic map of the Palo Alto and part of the Redwood Point 7-1/2' quadrangles, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California","indexId":"i2371","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Palo Alto and part of the Redwood Point 7-1/2' quadrangles, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":47218,"text":"ofr70254 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Palo Alto 7 1/2' quadrangle, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California","indexId":"ofr70254","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Palo Alto 7 1/2' quadrangle, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":65685,"text":"i2371 - 1993 - Geologic map of the Palo Alto and part of the Redwood Point 7-1/2' quadrangles, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California","indexId":"i2371","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Palo Alto and part of the Redwood Point 7-1/2' quadrangles, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-14T20:43:07.550629","indexId":"i2371","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2371","title":"Geologic map of the Palo Alto and part of the Redwood Point 7-1/2' quadrangles, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Palo Alto and southern part of the Redwood Point 7-1/2' quadrangles cover an area on the San Francisco peninsula between San Francisco Bay and the Santa Cruz Mountains. San Francisquito and Los Trancos Creeks, in the southeastern part of the map area, form the boundary between San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties. The area covered by the geologic map extends from tidal and marsh lands at the edge of the bay southward across a gently sloping alluvial plain to the foothills of the northern Santa Cruz Mountains. The foothills are separated from the main mass of the mountains by two northwest-striking faults, the San Andreas and Pilarcitos, that cross the southwest corner of the map area (fig. 1). The map and adjoining areas are here divided into three structural blocks juxtaposed along these faults, adopting the scheme of Nilsen and Brabb (1979): (1) the San Francisco Bay block lying east of the San Andreas Fault Zone; (2) the Pilarcitos block lying between the San Andreas and Pilarcitos Faults; and (3) the La Honda block that includes the main mass of the Santa Cruz Mountains lying west of the Pilarcitos Fault. The west boundary of the La Honda block is the Seal Cove-San Gregorio Fault. </p><p>Pre-late Pleistocene Cenozoic rocks of the foothills have been compressed into northwest-striking folds, which have been overridden by Mesozoic rocks along southwest-dipping low-angle faults. Coarse- to fine-grained upper Pleistocene and Holocene alluvial and estuarine deposits, eroded from the foothills and composing the alluvial plain, are essentially undeformed. Most of the alluvial plain, including some parts of the marsh land that borders the bay, has been covered by residential and commercial developments, and virtually all of the remaining marsh land has been diked off and used as salt evaporating ponds. The map area includes parts of the municipalities of San Carlos, Redwood City, Atherton, Woodside, Portola Valley, Menlo Park, and East Palo Alto in San Mateo County; and Palo Alto, Stanford University, Los Altos, and Los Altos Hills in Santa Clara County (fig. 2). Much of the university land remains as undeveloped open space surrounded by densely urbanized lands. </p><p>Geologic maps of all or part of the present map area have been prepared previously by Branner and others (1909), Thomas (1949), Dobbs and Forbes (1960), Dibblee (1966), Page and Tabor (1967), Pampeyan (1970a, 1970b), Beaulieu (1970), Helley and others (1979), and by numerous Stanford University students working on topical earth science problems. In addition, numerous engineering geologic studies have been conducted for&nbsp;site investigations relating to residential and commercial developments and, in particular, for construction of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The reports pertaining to SLAC are summarized in Skjei and others (1965) and more recently in a report by Earth Sciences Associates (1983). The interested reader is referred to Brabb and Pampeyan (1983), Brabb and others (1982), Wentworth and others (1985), Wieczorek and others (1985), Thomson and Evernden (1986), Brabb and Olson (1986), Youd and Perkins (1987), Perkins (1987), and Mark and Newman (1988) for information pertaining to geology, history, slope stability, seismic shaking, liquifaction potential, and faulting and seismicity in San Mateo County, some of which can be applied directly to northern Santa Clara County.&nbsp;</p><p>Field work for the present geologic map was done in 1962-1964 and 1966 when SLAC and Interstate 280 were in early stages of construction. Only minor additions and revisions have been made since this mapping was first released (Pampeyan, 1970a; 1970b) as it was impractical to keep pace with accelerating urban development of the area. Geologic units of the flatlands area are largely adapted from Helley and Lajoie (1979). </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2371","usgsCitation":"Pampeyan, E.H., 1993, Geologic map of the Palo Alto and part of the Redwood Point 7-1/2' quadrangles, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2371, Report: 26 p.; 1 Plate: 37.00 x 39.71 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2371.","productDescription":"Report: 26 p.; 1 Plate: 37.00 x 39.71 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":345412,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2371/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":187096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2371/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":102029,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_424.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"424"},{"id":260785,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2371/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Mateo County, Santa Clara County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.25,\n              37.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.125,\n              37.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.125,\n              37.5417\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25,\n              37.5417\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25,\n              37.375\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db6920fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pampeyan, Earl H.","contributorId":54698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pampeyan","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27049,"text":"wri924115 - 1993 - Geohydrology and water quality of the Calumet aquifer, in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T11:07:59","indexId":"wri924115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4115","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of the Calumet aquifer, in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The water-table configuration of the Calumet aquifer in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal in Lake County, northwestern Indiana, reflects the complexity of the shallow ground-water-flow system. Large depressions in the water table in sewered areas interrupt broad ground-water divides between rivers. The aquifer/stream interactions along the Grand Calumet River/ Indiana Harbor Canal are directly related to Lake Michigan water levels because of a direct connection of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal to the lake. Fluctuations in lake levels and evapotranspiration result in reversals in ground-water flow near the river and canal that last from several hours to several months.</p>\n<p>Most of the water from the Calumet aquifer discharges into sewers, the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, Lake Michigan, and Silurian carbonate bedrock. Model simulations of ground-water flow for the study area indicate that the Calumet aquifer discharges about 15 ft<sup>3</sup>/s (cubic feet per second) of ground water to sewers, about 10 ft<sup>3</sup>/s to the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, and about 4 ft<sup>3</sup>/s to Lake Michigan along a 25-mile section of shoreline. Estimates of groundwater flow from the Calumet aquifer to the bedrock range from 0 to 10 ft<sup>3</sup>/s. Results of analyses of water samples collected from wells in five land-use types steel industry, petrochemical industry, commercial and light industry, residential, and parks were compared. The highest median concentrations of inorganic ions and the most detections of organic compounds generally occurred in water samples from wells on the steel and petrochemical land-use areas. Water samples collected from wells on the commercial and light industrial land-use areas generally had lower median chemical concentrations than the samples from the steel and petrochemical land-use areas and greater median concentrations than the samples from the residential and park land-use areas. Seven of 52 acid-extractable and base/neutralextractable organic compounds and 17 of 36 volatile organic compounds analyzed were detected in a total of 35 wells. Only 4 of the 88 organic analytes phenols, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, benzene, and toluene were detected in more than 5 of the 35 wells.</p>\n<p>A comparison of primarily inorganic-constituent data from the five land-use groups to inorganic-constituent data from sites known to be contaminated shows that constituent concentrations in ground waters from wells in the land-use areas generally are lower than those in ground water from contaminated areas. Abstract 1 Likewise, a comparison of inorganic-constituent data from the land-use groups to inorganic-constituent data from areas relatively unaffected by human presence shows that constituent concentrations in ground water from wells in the land-use areas generally are greater than those in ground water from the unaffected areas. Some documented but unaccounted for chemical loads in the Grand Calumet River are from ground water. Ground water probably contributes more than 10 percent of the total chemical load of ammonia, chromium, and cyanide to the Grand Calumet River. In comparison, about 1 to 3 percent of the total streamflow in the Grand Calumet River is from ground water. Of the four major groundwater sinks in the aquifer, the east branch of the Grand Calumet River and the Indiana Harbor Canal generally receive the greatest chemical loads from ground water, whereas Lake Michigan generally receives the smallest loads.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri924115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J., and Watson, L.R., 1993, Geohydrology and water quality of the Calumet aquifer, in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4115, vii, 151 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924115.","productDescription":"vii, 151 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55926,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4115/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"rand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.18406677246094,\n              41.66367910784373\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.39761352539062,\n              41.668808555620586\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.39692687988281,\n              41.76106872528616\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.60086059570312,\n              41.764141783336456\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.60223388671875,\n              41.545589036668105\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.16896057128906,\n              41.544561218705965\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.16621398925781,\n              41.66419207101119\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.18406677246094,\n              41.66367910784373\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenelon, J.M.","contributorId":100430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watson, Lee R.","contributorId":83545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":39619,"text":"pp1537 - 1993 - Mineralogy, mineral chemistry, and paragenesis of gold, silver, and base-metal ores of the North Amethyst vein system, San Juan Mountains, Mineral County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:30:09","indexId":"pp1537","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1537","title":"Mineralogy, mineral chemistry, and paragenesis of gold, silver, and base-metal ores of the North Amethyst vein system, San Juan Mountains, Mineral County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Gold-rich adularia-sericite-type mineralization occurs near the southern margin of the San Luis caldera, at the intersection of the Equity fault and the northern extension of the Amethyst fault system. Mineralized rock is confined primarily to steeply dipping structures in silicified rhyolite and dacite. Intense sericitic alteration occurs at higher levels in the vein system, and wall rock adjacent to some veins is bleached. The ores are multiply brecciated, and vein filling locally shows sedimentary textures.</p>\n<p>Textural, mineralogical, and chemical criteria indicate that there are at least two partially coextensive associations of mineral assemblages separated by periods of brecciation and sedimentation. An older gold-bearing association consists of two fine-grained ore stages, both of which contain electrum, uytenbogaardtite, tetrahedrite, silver sulfosalts, silver sulfides and base-metal sulfides, and a manganese-rich stage containing the assemblages (1) manganese silicate + manganese carbonate minerals + quartz and (2) magnetite + hematite + pyrite + quartz. A younger crosscutting association contains calcite, adularia, fluorite, and quartz, plus the assemblages (1) coarse-grained basemetal sulfides and (2) hematite + chlorite + quartz. Quartz, manganese-rich calcite, and trace pyrite line late-stage vugs.</p>\n<p>Mineralogic, lead-isotopic, and fluid-inclusion characteristics of the younger association are similar to those of ores of the southern and central parts of the Creede mining district. In contrast, the gold and manganese-silicate assemblages of the older association are rare to absent in the southern and central parts of the district. The local and early occurrence of the manganese and gold assemblages may indicate that they formed in a small hydrothermal cell that predated the extensive hydrothermal system from which ores of the central and southern parts of the Creede district are proposed to have been deposited (Bethke, 1988). If similar early-stage cells were present in the southern and central parts of the district, they may have been replaced or overprinted by later assemblages, and they may remain to be discovered. In the latter case, mineral assemblages that formed at early stages in the paragenesis hold the most promise for gold exploration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp1537","usgsCitation":"Foley, N.K., Caddey, S.W., Byington, C.B., and Vardiman, D.M., 1993, Mineralogy, mineral chemistry, and paragenesis of gold, silver, and base-metal ores of the North Amethyst vein system, San Juan Mountains, Mineral County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1537, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1537.","productDescription":"39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":67237,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1537/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":126518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1537/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Mineral County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.5,\n              37.00693943418586\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.5,\n              38.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              38.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              37.00693943418586\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.5,\n              37.00693943418586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":221815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caddey, Stanton W.","contributorId":55506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caddey","given":"Stanton","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byington, Craig B.","contributorId":10287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byington","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vardiman, David M.","contributorId":45577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vardiman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":67055,"text":"i2208 - 1993 - Geologic map of the MTM 25057 and 25052 quadrangles, Kasei Valles region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-06T10:56:38.234956","indexId":"i2208","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2208","title":"Geologic map of the MTM 25057 and 25052 quadrangles, Kasei Valles region of Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">Kasei Valles (fig. 1) make up the largest system of outflow channels on Mars and were a major contri</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">butor of water to </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">Chryse</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\"> Planitia. The walls and floors of the Kasei channe</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">ls </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">are terraced and grooved</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">, closely resembling the channeled scablands of easter</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">n</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\"> Washington </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">State</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\"> that were formed by catastrophic floods probably last</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">ing no more than a few days (Baker and Milton, 1974; Baker and Kochel</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">, 1979). Evidence obtained from previous geologic mapping of parts of Kasei Valles (Chapman and Scott</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">, 1989) was n</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">ot conclusive as to whether water levels varied markedly during single flood and</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\"> erosional event or whether flooding</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\"> was episodic and marked by intermittent periods of scouring</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">. This problem</span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">–</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\"> whether one or several flood </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">episodes occurred within individual water courses – has been </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">a continuing issue in studies of Martian channel formation (Greeley and others, 1977)</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">.</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\"> Recent large-scale geologic mapping (Tanaka and Chapman, 1990) of Mangala Valles, another large outflow channel system in the </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">Memnonia</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\"> region</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\"> of Mars, shows deposits of two p</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">eriods of flooding; the deposits are </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">separated</span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">stratigraphically</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\"> by a lava flow. In areas around the </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">C</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">h</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">ryse</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\"> basin, geologic studies (</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">for example, Greeley and others, 1977) indicate that more than one episode </span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">of channel formation occurred or, less likely, that flooding was of very long</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\"> duration. Evidence disclosed by the present mapping indicates that flooding was episodic in Kasei Valles and probably occurred over protrac</span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW42091357 BCX8\">ted time intervals throughout the Hesperian Periods and possibly in the Early to Middle Amazonian.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2208","usgsCitation":"Scott, D.H., 1993, Geologic map of the MTM 25057 and 25052 quadrangles, Kasei Valles region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2208, 1 Plate:  77.33 × 56.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2208.","productDescription":"1 Plate:  77.33 × 56.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438925,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IDCZ1Y","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the MTM 25057 and 25052 quadrangles, Kasei Valles region of Mars"},{"id":101395,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2208/plate-1.pdf","size":"17134","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":188677,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"502000","otherGeospatial":"Kasei Valles, Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696d2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, David H. 0000-0002-7925-7452 dscott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-7452","contributorId":14415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"David","email":"dscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38426,"text":"pp1497C - 1993 - Distribution, facies, ages, and proposed tectonic associations of regionally metamorphosed rocks in east- and south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T11:45:23","indexId":"pp1497C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1497","chapter":"C","title":"Distribution, facies, ages, and proposed tectonic associations of regionally metamorphosed rocks in east- and south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Most of the exposed bedrock in east- and south-central Alaska has been regionally metamorphosed and deformed during Mesozoic and early Cenozoic time. All the regionally metamorphosed rocks are assigned to metamorphic-facies units on the basis of their temperature and pressure conditions and metamorphic age. North of the McKinley and Denali faults, the crystalline rocks of the Yukon- Tanana upland and central Alaska Range compose a sequence of dynamothermally metamorphosed Paleozoic and older(?) metasedimentary rocks and metamorphosed products of a Devonian and Mississippian continental-margin magmatic arc. This sequence was extensively intruded by postmetamorphic mid-Cretaceous and younger granitoids. Many metamorphic-unit boundaries in the Yukon-Tanana upland are low-angle faults that juxtapose units of differing metamorphic grade, which indicates that metamorphism predated final emplacement of the fault-bounded units. In some places, the relation of metamorphic grade across a fault is best explained by contractional faulting; in other places, it is suggestive of extensional faulting.</p><p>Near the United States-Canadian border in the central Yukon- Tanana upland, metamorphism, plutonism, and thrusting occurred during a latest Triassic and Early Jurassic event that presumably resulted from the accretion of a terrane that had affinities to the Stikinia terrane onto the continental margin of North America. Elsewhere in the Yukon-Tanana upland, metamorphic rocks give predominantly late Early Cretaceous isotopic ages. These ages are interpreted to date either the timing of a subsequent Early Cretaceous episode of crustal thickening and metamorphism or, assuming that these other areas were also originally heated during the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic and remained buried, the timing of their uplift and cooling. This uplift and cooling may have resulted from extension.</p><p>South of the McKinley and Denali faults and north of the Border Ranges fault system, medium-grade metamorphism across much of the southern Peninsular and Wrangellia terranes was early to synkinematic with the intrusion of tonalitic and granodioritic plutons of primarily Early and Middle Jurassic age in the Peninsular terrane&nbsp;and Late Jurassic age in the Wrangellia terrane. Areas metamorphosed during the Jurassic episode that crop out near the Border Ranges fault system were subsequently retrograded and deformed in Cretaceous and early Tertiary time during accretion of younger units to the south. North of the Jurassic metamorphic and plutonic complex, low-grade metamorphism affected the rest of the Wrangellia terrane sometime during Jurassic and (or) Cretaceous time.</p><p>North of the Wrangellia terrane and immediately south of the McKinley and Denali faults, flyschoid rocks, which were deposited within a basin that separated the Wrangellia terrane from the western margin of North America, form a northeastward-tapering wedge. Within the western half of the wedge, flysch and structurally interleaved tectonic fragments were highly deformed and weakly metamorphosed; much of the metamorphism and deformation probably occurred sometime during mid- to Late Cretaceous time. In the eastern half of the wedge, flyschoid rocks form an intermediate-pressure Barrovian sequence (Maclaren metamorphic belt). Metamorphism of the Maclaren metamorphic belt was synkinematic with the Late Cretaceous to earliest Tertiary intrusion of foliated plutons of intermediate composition. Isotopic data suggest metamorphism extended into the early Tertiary and was accompanied by rapid uplift and cooling. Low- to medium-grade metamorphism throughout the wedge was probably associated with the accretion of the outboard Wrangellia terrane, as has been proposed for the Maclaren metamorphic belt.</p><p>South of the Border Ranges fault system lie variably metamorphosed sequences of oceanic rocks that comprise the successively accreted Chugach, Yakutat, Ghost Rocks, and Prince William terranes. The Chugach terrane consists of three successively accreted sequences of differing metamorphic histories. Metamorphism in all the sequences was associated with north-directed underthrusting beneath either the combined Peninsular-Wrangellia terrane or the older and inner parts of the Chugach terrane. These sequences, from innermost to outermost are: (1) intermediate- to highpressure, transitional greenschist- to blueschist-facies metabasalt and metasedimentary rocks that were metamorphosed during the Early and Middle Jurassic; (2) prehnite-pumpellyite-facies melange that was metamorphosed sometime during the Jurassic and Cretaceous; and (3) low-pressure prehnite-pumpellyite- or greenschist- facies flysch and metavolcanic rocks that were initially&nbsp;metamorphosed during latest Cretaceous to early Tertiary time and, in the eastern Chugach Mountains, were subsequently overprinted by low-pressure amphibolite-facies metamorphism that accompanied widespread intrusion during Eocene time. A similar low-pressure-facies series also developed within melange and flysch of the Yakutat terrane; these rocks are also intruded by Eocene plutons and are correlated with similar rocks of the Chugach terrane.</p><p>Seaward of the Chugach terrane are the strongly deformed but weakly metamorphosed (prehnite-pumpellyite-facies) deep-sea metasedimentary rocks and oceanic metavolcanic rocks of the Ghost Rocks and Prince William terranes. Metamorphism and deformation occurred during underthrusting of these terranes beneath the Chugach terrane in early Tertiary time and predated, perhaps by very little, intrusion by early Tertiary granitoids.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Regionally metamorphosed rocks of Alaska","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp1497C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","usgsCitation":"Dusel-Bacon, C., Csejtey, B., Foster, H.L., Doyle, E.O., Nokleberg, W.J., and Plafker, G., 1993, Distribution, facies, ages, and proposed tectonic associations of regionally metamorphosed rocks in east- and south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1497, Report: iv, p. C1-C73; 2 Plates: 41.75 x 40.58 inches and 41.96 x 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1497C.","productDescription":"Report: iv, p. C1-C73; 2 Plates: 41.75 x 40.58 inches and 41.96 x 40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":64821,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1497c/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"33.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":64822,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1497c/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"8.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":64823,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1497c/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":104665,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4908.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4908"},{"id":119192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1497c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.08349609375,\n              58.53959476664049\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.9072265625,\n              57.82135503542938\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2587890625,\n              57.088515327886505\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.126953125,\n              56.511017504952136\n            ],\n            [\n        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cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Csejtey, Bela Jr.","contributorId":61008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Csejtey","given":"Bela","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, Helen L.","contributorId":56195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doyle, Elizabeth O.","contributorId":97172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":19841,"text":"ofr9198 - 1993 - Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19841,"text":"ofr9198 - 1993 - Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ofr9198","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39631,"text":"pp1408A - 1996 - Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"pp1408A","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39631,"text":"pp1408A - 1996 - Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"pp1408A","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-21T20:22:06.235042","indexId":"ofr9198","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-98","title":"Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>The 15,600 sq mi Snake River Plain in southern Idaho and eastern Oregon was studied as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Regional Aquifer-System Analysis program. Quaternary basalt of the Snake River Group underlies most of the 10,800 square mile eastern plain and constitutes the most productive aquifers. Transmissivity of the upper 200 feet of the basalt aquifer commonly ranges from 100,000 to 1,000,000 square feet per day. Vertical hydraulic conductivity is several orders of magnitude lower than horizontal hydraulic conductivity and is related to the degree of jointing. Alluvial sand and gravel in the Boise River valley constitutes the most productive aquifers in the 4,800 square mile western plain. Along much of its length, the Snake River gains groundwater. Between Milner and King Hill, the river gained 4.7 million acre-ft in 1980, most as spring flow from the north side. The chemical composition of groundwater in the plain is essentially the same as that in streams and groundwater from tributary drainage basins. The use of surface water for irrigation for 100 years has caused major changes in the hydrologic system on the plain. During that time, recharge on the main part of the eastern plain increased about 70 percent, discharge about 80 percent. In 1980, about 8.9 million acre-ft of Snake River water was diverted and 2.3 million acre-ft of groundwater was pumped from 5,300 wells for irrigation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9198","usgsCitation":"Lindholm, G.F., 1993, Summary of the Snake River plain Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-98, Report: v, 62 p.; 1 Plate: 33.23 x 22.45 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9198.","productDescription":"Report: v, 62 p.; 1 Plate: 33.23 x 22.45 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382434,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0098/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":382433,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0098/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.8173828125,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2578125,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2578125,\n              48.951366470947725\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.8173828125,\n              48.951366470947725\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.8173828125,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69870a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindholm, G. F.","contributorId":88763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindholm","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47890,"text":"b1988D - 1993 - Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of Mount Ichabod and Dorsey Canyon, Elko County, Nevada: Evidence for post-Early Triassic emplacement of the Roberts Mountains and Golconda allochthons","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47890,"text":"b1988D - 1993 - Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of Mount Ichabod and Dorsey Canyon, Elko County, Nevada: Evidence for post-Early Triassic emplacement of the Roberts Mountains and Golconda allochthons","indexId":"b1988D","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of Mount Ichabod and Dorsey Canyon, Elko County, Nevada: Evidence for post-Early Triassic emplacement of the Roberts Mountains and Golconda allochthons"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33239,"text":"b1988 - 1992 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Eastern Great Basin","indexId":"b1988","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Eastern Great Basin"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33239,"text":"b1988 - 1992 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Eastern Great Basin","indexId":"b1988","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Eastern Great Basin"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T22:20:34.991519","indexId":"b1988D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1988","chapter":"D","title":"Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of Mount Ichabod and Dorsey Canyon, Elko County, Nevada: Evidence for post-Early Triassic emplacement of the Roberts Mountains and Golconda allochthons","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1988D","usgsCitation":"Ketner, K.B., Murchey, B.L., Stamm, R.G., and Wardlaw, B.R., 1993, Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of Mount Ichabod and Dorsey Canyon, Elko County, Nevada: Evidence for post-Early Triassic emplacement of the Roberts Mountains and Golconda allochthons: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1988, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1988D.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1988d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":100058,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1988d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410903,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22210.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Elko County","otherGeospatial":"Dorsey Canyon, Mount Ichabod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              41.633\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              41.458\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.542,\n              41.458\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.542,\n              41.633\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              41.633\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db6899b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketner, Keith B.","contributorId":957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":236456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murchey, Benita L. bmurchey@usgs.gov","contributorId":504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"Benita","email":"bmurchey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":236455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamm, Robert G. 0000-0001-9141-5364 rstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-5364","contributorId":4702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"Robert","email":"rstamm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":21040,"text":"ofr93108 - 1993 - Selected hydrologic data for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, 1890-1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-18T20:08:25.951401","indexId":"ofr93108","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-108","title":"Selected hydrologic data for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, 1890-1992","docAbstract":"<p>This report contains hydrologic data collected in southern Utah and Goshen Valleys from 1890 to 1992. Southern Utah and Goshen Valleys are south of Salt Lake City in Utah County, north-central Utah. The area is bounded on the east and south by the Wasatch Range, on the south by Long Ridge, on the west by the East Tintic Mountains and the Mosida Hills, and on the north by a line through about the middle of T. 7 S. Southern Utah Valley and Goshen Valley are divided by the northern tip of Long Ridge, West Mountain, and Utah Lake (Cordova, 1970). The area is in the Basin and Range physiographic province described by Fenneman (1931), and includes about 390 square miles.</p><p>Most of the data in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights. Some of the earlier data were published previously by Cordova (1969 and 1970).</p><p>The purpose of this report is to provide hydrologic data for use by the general public and by officials managing the area's water resources, and to document data collected during a 4-year study of the ground-water resources in southern Utah and Goshen Valleys. Tables 1 to 8 contain selected ground- and surface-water data. Select data, including well depth and water level, is given for over 400 wells, and chemical analyses are given of samples from about 90 wells. The numbering system used in Utah for hydrologic-data sites is illustrated in figure 1. Hydrologic-data sites are shown on plate 1.</p><p>These data could not have been collected without the cooperation of local residents and officials of irrigation companies and municipalities, who permitted access to their wells and property.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr93108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Stolp, B.J., Drumiler, M.J., and Brooks, L.E., 1993, Selected hydrologic data for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, 1890-1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-108, Report: iv, 110 p.; 1 Plate: 18.74 in x 21.11 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93108.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 110 p.; 1 Plate: 18.74 in x 21.11 in","numberOfPages":"113","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0108/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":420917,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12626.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":50630,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0108/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50631,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0108/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Goshen Valley, Utah Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.042,\n              40.209\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.042,\n              39.809\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.512,\n              39.809\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.512,\n              40.209\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.042,\n              40.209\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"This report is also Utah Hydrologic-Data Report no. 50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8a5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497 bjstolp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard","email":"bjstolp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drumiler, Marilyn J.","contributorId":68767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drumiler","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26651,"text":"wri914111 - 1993 - Hydrology of the L.C. Holding coal-lease tract and adjacent areas, southwestern Utah, and potential effects of coal mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T22:06:33.129767","indexId":"wri914111","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4111","title":"Hydrology of the L.C. Holding coal-lease tract and adjacent areas, southwestern Utah, and potential effects of coal mining","docAbstract":"The U.S. Bureau of Land Management recognized a need for baseline hydrologic data and an understanding of the hydrologic system in the L.C. Holding coal-lease tract in order to determine the potential effects of mining on the water resources of the area. The potential impacts of mining on the hydrology of the area are of concern because Zion National Park is less than 3 miles from the westernmost part of the lease tract.  Much of the water that passes through the Park either originates in the lease tract or traverses it.  Runoff from melting snowpacks and summer thundershowers contributes most of the flow to perennial streams in the area. Base flow is sustained by spring discharge and diffuse seepage. Regional groundwater movement is southward. Most of the geologic formations in the study area contain aquifers. The water table of the regional aquifer is about 870 ft deep in the Navajo Sandstone. Groundwater issuing from the Navajo Sandstone on the east side of Zion Canyon has specific conductance values several times larger than groundwater from the west side, indicating recharge to the Navajo from the overlying strata, which contain water of larger specific conductance. Potential effects of mining in the area include: (1) increased dissolved-solids concen- trations and decreased pH values in both surface and groundwater; (2) dewatering of aquifers, causing a decrease or cessation of flow to some springs; and (3) land subsidence and associated subsidence fractures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914111","usgsCitation":"Cordy, G., Seiler, R.L., and Stolp, B., 1993, Hydrology of the L.C. Holding coal-lease tract and adjacent areas, southwestern Utah, and potential effects of coal mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4111, Report: vii, 84 p.; 2 Plates: 24.88 × 27.67 inches and 25.92 × 29.21 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914111.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 84 p.; 2 Plates: 24.88 × 27.67 inches and 25.92 × 29.21 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394286,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47518.htm"},{"id":55529,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4111/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55528,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4111/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55527,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4111/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4111/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.8667,\n              37.2639\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.7192,\n              37.2639\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.7192,\n              37.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8667,\n              37.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8667,\n              37.2639\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66712f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordy, G. E.","contributorId":59075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordy","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":71942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":20391,"text":"ofr92642 - 1993 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma: Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20391,"text":"ofr92642 - 1993 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma: Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations","indexId":"ofr92642","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma: Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2440,"text":"wsp2357C - 1996 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma — Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations","indexId":"wsp2357C","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma — Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2440,"text":"wsp2357C - 1996 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma — Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations","indexId":"wsp2357C","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma — Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T14:25:15","indexId":"ofr92642","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-642","title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma: Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations","docAbstract":"<p>The National Water-Quality Assessment pilot project for the Central Oklahoma aquifer examined the chemical and isotopic composition of ground water, the abundances and textures of minerals in core samples, and water levels and hydraulic properties in the flow system to identify geochemical reactions occurring in the aquifer and rates and directions of ground-water flow. The aquifer underlies 3,000 square miles of central Oklahoma and consists of Permian red beds, including parts of the Permian Garber Sandstone, Wellington Formation, and Chase, Council Grove, and Admire Groups, and Quaternary alluvium and terrace deposits.</p><p>In the part of the Garber Sandstone and Wellington Formation that is not confined by the Permian Hennessey Group, calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate are the dominant ions in ground water; in the confined part of the Garber Sandstone and Wellington Formation and in the Chase, Council Grove, and Admire Groups, sodium and bicarbonate are the dominant ions in ground water. Nearly all of the Central Oklahoma aquifer has an oxic or post-oxic environment as indicated by the large dissolved concentrations of oxygen, nitrate, arsenic(V), chromium(VI), selenium(VI), vanadium, and uranium. Sulfidic and methanic environments are virtually absent.</p><p>Petrographic textures indicate dolomite, calcite, sodic plagioclase, potassium feldspars, chlorite, rock fragments, and micas are dissolving, and iron oxides, manganese oxides, kaolinite, and quartz are precipitating. Variations in the quantity of exchangeable sodium in clays indicate that cation exchange is occurring within the aquifer. Gypsum may dissolve locally within the aquifer, as indicated by ground water with large concentra-tions of sulfate, but gypsum was not observed in core samples. Rainwater is not a major source for most elements in ground water, but evapotranspiration could cause rainwater to be a significant source of potassium, sulfate, phosphate and nitrogen species. Brines derived from seawater are the most likely source of bromide and chloride in the aquifer.</p><p>The dominant reaction in recharge is the uptake of carbon dioxide gas from the unsaturated zone (about 2.0 to 4.0 millimoles per liter) and the dissolution of dolomite (about 0.3 to 1.0 millimoles per liter). This reaction generates calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate water composition. If dolomite does not dissolve to equilibrium, pH values range from 6.0 to 7.3; if dolomite dissolves to equilibrium, pH values are about 7.5. By the time recharge enters the deeper flow system, all ground water is saturated or supersaturated with dolomite and calcite.</p><p>After carbonate-mineral equilibration has occurred, cation exchange of calcium and magnesium for sodium is the dominant geochemical reaction, which occurs to a substantial extent only in parts of the aquifer. Mass transfers of cation exchange greater than 2.0 millimoles per liter occur in the confined part of the Garber Sandstone and Wellington Formation and in parts of the Chase, Council Grove, and Admire Groups. Associated with cation exchange is dissolution of small quantities of dolomite, calcite, biotite, chlorite, plagioclase, or potassium feldspar, which produces pH values that range from 8.6 to 9.1.</p><p>Large tritium concentrations indicate ground-water ages of less than about 40 years for most samples of recharge. Carbon-14 ages for samples from the unconfined aquifer generally are less than 10,000 years. Carbon-14 ages of ground&nbsp;water in the confined part of the aquifer range from about 10,000 to 30,000 years or older. These ages produce a time trend in deuterium values that qualitatively is consistent with the timing of the transition from the last glacial maximum to the present interglacial period.</p><p>The most transmissive geologic units in the Central Oklahoma aquifer are the Garber Sandstone and Wellington Formation and the alluvium and terrace deposits; the Chase, Council Grove, and Admire Groups are less transmissive on the basis of available specific-capacity data. The transmissivities of the Permian geologic units depend largely on the percentage of sandstone; the percentage is greatest in the central part of the aquifer and decreases in all directions from this central part. Because of large mudstone and siltstone contents, the Hennessey Group and the Vanoss Formation are assumed to be confining units above and below the aquifer. The Cimarron and Canadian Rivers are defined to be the northern and southern extent of the aquifer because of decreases in transmissivity beyond the rivers and because there is no indication of ground-water underflow at these rivers. The eastern boundary of the aquifer is the limit of the outcrop of the Chase, Council Grove, and Admire Groups. The presence of brines in the western part of the study unit and below the aquifer indicate the extent of the freshwater flow system in these directions.</p><p>Regional ground-water flow is west to east; the Deep Fork is a major discharge area for the regional flow system. Local flow systems are present within the unconfined part of the study unit. Most streams are gaining streams, and very few losing streams are evident.</p><p>Median values of aquifer properties were estimated as follows: recharge to the saturated zone, 1.6 inches per year; evapotranspiration of water that never reaches the saturated zone, 25 to 30 inches per year; porosity, 0.22; storage coefficient, 0.0002; transmissivity, 260 to 450 feet squared per day; horizontal hydraulic conductivity, 4.5 feet per day; and the ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity, 10,000. Reported ground-water withdrawals peaked in 1985 at 13,900 million gallons but had decreased to 7,860 million gallons by 1989. Unreported domestic withdrawals were estimated to be 1,685 million gallons in 1980.</p><p>The flow system in the aquifer can be considered to have three major components: (1) A shallow, local flow system in the unconfined part of the aquifer, (2) a deep, regional flow system in the unconfined part of the aquifer, and (3) a deep, regional flow system in the confined part of the aquifer. In the shallow, local flow system, water flows relatively quickly along short flowlines from the point of recharge to the point of discharge at the nearest stream. Many water samples from shallow wells contain large concentrations of tritium, which indicate ground-water ages of less than 40 years. In the deep, regional flow system in the unconfined part of the aquifer, water takes more time to flow along longer flowlines than in the shallow, local flow system. Much of the water in this flow system is recharged along ridges that correspond to ground-water divides between drainage basins. Transit times for water recharging the aquifer along ridges is greater than 5,000 years, computed using a numerical flow model in conjunction with a particle-tracking model. The deep, regional flow system in the confined part of the Garber Sandstone and Wellington Formation is recharged from a small part of the outcrop area of the Garber Sandstone. From the recharge area, water flows west under the confining unit to discharge to streams as far away as the Cimarron River. Flowpaths are relatively long, as much as 50 miles. The transit times in this flow system range from thousands to tens of thousands of years.</p><p>The long-term hydrogeochemical process occurring in the Central Oklahoma aquifer is removal of unstable minerals, including dolomite, calcite, biotite, chlorite, and feldspars, and the replacement of exchangeable sodium on clays with calcium and magnesium. Over geologic time, the flux of water through the rapidly moving, local flow system has been sufficient to remove most of the dolomite, calcite, and exchangeable sodium. In places, chlorite and feldspars have been removed. In the deep, regional flow system of the unconfined part of the Garber Sandstone and Wellington Formation, the flux of water has been sufficient to remove most of the exchangeable sodium, but carbonate minerals remain sufficiently abundant to maintain dolomite and calcite equilibrium. In the confined part of the Garber Sandstone and Wellington Formation and in the less transmissive parts of the unconfined aquifer, including the Chase, Council Grove, and Admire Groups, ground-water flow is slowest, and the flux of water and extent of reaction have been insufficient to remove either the carbonate minerals or the exchangeable sodium on clays.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr92642","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., Christenson, S.C., and Breit, G.N., 1993, Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma: Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-642, viii, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92642.","productDescription":"viii, 113 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0642/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359239,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0642/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Central Oklahoma Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.75,\n              34.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.75,\n              34.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.75,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.75,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.75,\n              34.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a11a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":38459,"text":"pp1414B - 1993 - Regional aquifers in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: Geohydrologic framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T19:40:06.531886","indexId":"pp1414B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1414","chapter":"B","title":"Regional aquifers in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: Geohydrologic framework","docAbstract":"<p>Regional aquifers are described within a 370,000-square-mile area extending from the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado to the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers in eastern Nebraska and Missouri, and from South Dakota to the Ouachita, Arbuckle, and Wichita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma.</p>\n<p>The present geohydrologic framework of aquifers and confining units in this area is controlled by topography, geologic structures, and hydraulic properties. All of these characteristics are the result of past geologic and hydrologic processes. From the end of the Precambrian to Late Cambrian time, the area was above sea level, and an uneven erosional surface had developed on the fractured crystalline rocks. From Late Cambrian through Middle Ordovician time, a transgressive but cyclic sea covered the area. The oldest deposits were mostly permeable sand followed by slightly permeable calcareous mud consisting of aragonite and algal remains.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1414B","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, D.G., Helgesen, J.O., and Imes, J.L., 1993, Regional aquifers in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: Geohydrologic framework: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1414, Report: vii, 72 p.;  25 Plates: 36.00 × 35.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1414B.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 72 p.;  25 Plates: 36.00 × 35.00 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4871.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4871"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.67773437499999,\n              36.59788913307022\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.6455078125,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.294921875,\n              34.19817309627726\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.46093749999999,\n              34.66935854524543\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.56054687499999,\n              36.06686213257888\n            ],\n        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,{"id":67183,"text":"i1970A - 1993 - Map showing thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains; northeastern states, the Great Lakes, and parts of southern Ontario and the Atlantic offshore area (east of 80 degrees 31 minutes west longitude)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T14:18:40","indexId":"i1970A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1970","chapter":"A","title":"Map showing thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains; northeastern states, the Great Lakes, and parts of southern Ontario and the Atlantic offshore area (east of 80 degrees 31 minutes west longitude)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i1970A","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 1993, Map showing thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains; northeastern states, the Great Lakes, and parts of southern Ontario and the Atlantic offshore area (east of 80 degrees 31 minutes west longitude): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1970, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1970A.","productDescription":"HTML","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":107225,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10047.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10047"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania,Rhode Island, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.419921875,\n              39.90973623453719\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.97265625,\n              39.90973623453719\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.97265625,\n              47.15984001304432\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.419921875,\n              47.15984001304432\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.419921875,\n              39.90973623453719\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b11e4b07f02db6a2476","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, D. R.","contributorId":25923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19191,"text":"ofr9357 - 1993 - Dissolved nutrient and suspended particulate matter data for the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, October 1988 through September 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-13T11:25:28.313346","indexId":"ofr9357","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-57","title":"Dissolved nutrient and suspended particulate matter data for the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, October 1988 through September 1991","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey conducted hydrologic investigations in San Francisco Bay during Water Years 1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991. Dissolved inorganic plant nutrients, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, silica, and reactive phosphorus were measured in surface and in near-bottom waters at previously established locations in both northern and southern reaches of the bay. Salinity, turbidity, and concentrations of suspended particulate matter also were measured. Additionally, in Water Year 1991, concentrations of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus were measured. From November 1990 through April 1991, surface waters were sampled near the end of the old Dumbarton Bridge (east span). Salinity, dissolved inorganic nutrients, and alkalinity were measured for these samples. This report presents the sampling and analytical methods, and the data for these studies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9357","usgsCitation":"Hager, S.W., 1993, Dissolved nutrient and suspended particulate matter data for the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, October 1988 through September 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-57, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9357.","productDescription":"52 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":48656,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0057/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0057/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.56622314453124,\n              37.42688834526727\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.56622314453124,\n              38.15291731872143\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.71066284179688,\n              38.15291731872143\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.71066284179688,\n              37.42688834526727\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.56622314453124,\n              37.42688834526727\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a25e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hager, Stephen W.","contributorId":48935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25924,"text":"wri934074 - 1993 - Effects of agricultural and residential land use on ground-water quality, Anoka Sand Plain Aquifer, east-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T10:15:09","indexId":"wri934074","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4074","title":"Effects of agricultural and residential land use on ground-water quality, Anoka Sand Plain Aquifer, east-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Water quality in the 1,700-square-mile Anoka Sand Plain aquifer is affected by irrigated and nonirrigated agriculture and by residential land use. Concentrations of sulfate, chloride, nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, and pesticides in ground water are related to human activities; nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations are affected more than concentrations of other chemical constituents. Of the water samples collected from 100 wells during this study, samples from 30 wells had concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen greater than 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter), which is the limit recommended for drinking water by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Analysis of 360 water samples indicated that the median concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen for undeveloped, nonirrigated-cultivated, irrigated, and residential lands were 0.22,2.0,5.3, and 4.2 mg/L, respectively.</p>\n<p>Differences in nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations at various depths below the water table were statistically significant. Median concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen in groundwater samples less than 10 feet, 10 to 20 feet, and more than 20 feet below the water table were 5.1 mg/L, 2.7 mg/L, and less than 0.1 mg/L, respectively.</p>\n<p>Seasonal fluctuations in nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations at many wells were as great or greater than long-term change; however, the springtime median concentration of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen increased steadily from 1984 (4.8 mg/L) through 1987 (5.5 mg/L).</p>\n<p>Triazine herbicides were detected in 11 of 18 samples analyzed for pesticides. Concentrations of atrazine were less than the 3 (J-g/L maximum contaminant level set for atrazine by the Minnesota Department of Health and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri934074","collaboration":"Prepared In cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters and the Soil and Water Conservation Districts of Anoka, Chisago, Isanti, Sherburne, and Stearns Counties","usgsCitation":"Anderson, H.W., 1993, Effects of agricultural and residential land use on ground-water quality, Anoka Sand Plain Aquifer, east-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4074, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934074.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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