In August 1993, a program was begun to study the mechanisms that govern the circulation within and the transport of sediment and water through Monterey Submarine Canyon. This is a very large, deep submarine canyon off central California that incises the continental margin from the outer slope to close to the coastline. A key component of the study was to document the interactions between circulation patterns above the canyon, within the canyon, and past the mouth of the canyon.
The first part of this program entailed deploying a set of six moorings to measure current, temperature, salinity, and water clarity for one year within Monterey Canyon. The information from the moorings can be found in the U. S. Geological Survey Open File Report 95-838.
In the second part of this program, which is the subject of this report, four cruises were conducted during August 1993 to November 1994 within Monterey Bay and along the Monterey Canyon to collect salinity, temperature, and water clarity data with depth (CTD data).
The data from each of the four cruises are presented in detail in four separate reports. This report describes and depicts the data collected from the RN Robert Gordon Sproul cruise S-1-94-MB (labeled in our reports as S-1-94-MB).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000269","usgsCitation":"Martin, J.L., Noble, M.A., Rosenfeld, L.K., Schwing, F.B., and Pilskaln, C.H., 2000, The Monterey Submarine Canyon, California, CTD Data Report Part C: The R/V Robert Gordon Sproul Cruise S-1-94-MB, Aug. 17 - 22, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-269, iii, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000269.","productDescription":"iii, 97 p.","temporalStart":"1994-08-17","temporalEnd":"1994-08-22","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0269/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":372614,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0269/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Submarine Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -121.83333333,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -121.83333333,\n 36.85\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 36.85\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Jennifer L. jlmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenfeld, Leslie K.","contributorId":86036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenfeld","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwing, Franklin B.","contributorId":55516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwing","given":"Franklin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pilskaln, Cynthia H.","contributorId":90818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilskaln","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":43253,"text":"ofr96323 - 2000 - Land cover data for central Nebraska, 1991, classified from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper imagery, Path 31, Row 31 quadrilateral","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T14:17:50","indexId":"ofr96323","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-323","title":"Land cover data for central Nebraska, 1991, classified from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper imagery, Path 31, Row 31 quadrilateral","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr96323","isbn":"0607943998","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Zelt, R.B., and Sharpe, J.B., 2000, Land cover data for central Nebraska, 1991, classified from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper imagery, Path 31, Row 31 quadrilateral: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-323, 1 computer optical disk ;4 3/4 in. CD contains both OFR 96-323 and OFR 96-369, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96323.","productDescription":"1 computer optical disk ;4 3/4 in. CD contains both OFR 96-323 and OFR 96-369","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277638,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0323/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b41a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":227938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":227939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24287,"text":"ofr00210 - 2000 - Hydraulic analysis of U.S. Highway 59 crossing of the Neosho River near Erie, Southeast Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:01","indexId":"ofr00210","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-210","title":"Hydraulic analysis of U.S. Highway 59 crossing of the Neosho River near Erie, Southeast Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00210","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, P., and Perry, C.A., 2000, Hydraulic analysis of U.S. Highway 59 crossing of the Neosho River near Erie, Southeast Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-210, iv, 17 p. :ill. (some col.), map (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00210.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :ill. (some col.), map (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0210/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53405,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a37f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, P.P.","contributorId":6887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, C. A.","contributorId":106149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50473,"text":"ofr00424 - 2000 - Hydrogeomorphic Regions of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: HGMR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T12:59:09","indexId":"ofr00424","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-424","title":"Hydrogeomorphic Regions of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: HGMR","docAbstract":"Generalized lithology (rock type) and physiography based on geologic formations were used to characterize hydrgeomorphic regions (HGMR) within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. These HGMRs were used in conjunction with existing data to assess the significance of ground-water discharge as a source of nitrate load to nontidal streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed (Bachman and others, 1998). This work is part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Chesapeake Bay initative to develop an understanding and provide scientific information for the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay and its watershed (Phillips and Caughron, 1997).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Service","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00424","usgsCitation":"Brakebill, J.W., and Kelley, S., 2000, Hydrogeomorphic Regions of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: HGMR: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-424, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00424.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4285,"rank":800,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/hgmr.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.56273597,36.5134679 ], [ -80.56273597,43.55644159 ], [ -73.87702521,43.55644159 ], [ -73.87702521,36.5134679 ], [ -80.56273597,36.5134679 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614793","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brakebill, John W. 0000-0001-9235-6810 jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-6810","contributorId":1061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"John","email":"jwbrakeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, S.K.","contributorId":33734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50370,"text":"ofr00478 - 2000 - Hydrologic data for water years 1933-97 used in the River and Reservoir Operations Model, Truckee River basin, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:19","indexId":"ofr00478","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-478","title":"Hydrologic data for water years 1933-97 used in the River and Reservoir Operations Model, Truckee River basin, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Title II of Public Law 101-618, the Truckee?Carson?Pyramid Lake Water Rights Settlement Act of 1990, provides direction, authority, and a mechanism for resolving conflicts over water rights in the Truckee and Carson River Basins. The Truckee Carson Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, to support implementation of Public Law 101-618, has developed an operations model to simulate lake/reservoir and river operations for the Truckee River Basin including diversion of Truckee River water to the Truckee Canal for transport to the Carson River Basin. Several types of hydrologic data, formatted in a chronological order with a daily time interval called 'time series,' are described in this report. Time series from water years 1933 to 1997 can be used to run the operations model. Auxiliary hydrologic data not currently used by the model are also described. The time series of hydrologic data consist of flow, lake/reservoir elevation and storage, precipitation, evaporation, evapotranspiration, municipal and industrial (M&I) demand, and streamflow and lake/reservoir level forecast data.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr00478","usgsCitation":"Berris, S.N., Hess, G.W., and Bohman, L.R., 2000, Hydrologic data for water years 1933-97 used in the River and Reservoir Operations Model, Truckee River basin, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-478, 43 p.; map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00478.","productDescription":"43 p.; map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4176,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr00478","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db6077d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berris, Steven N. snberris@usgs.gov","contributorId":1736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berris","given":"Steven","email":"snberris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, Glen W.","contributorId":19136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohman, Larry R. lrbohman@usgs.gov","contributorId":4769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohman","given":"Larry","email":"lrbohman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23771,"text":"ofr00416 - 2000 - Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis drain extension","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23771,"text":"ofr00416 - 2000 - Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis drain extension","indexId":"ofr00416","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis drain extension"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":76970,"text":"pp1646 - 2006 - Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis Drain extension","indexId":"pp1646","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis Drain extension"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":76970,"text":"pp1646 - 2006 - Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis Drain extension","indexId":"pp1646","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis Drain extension"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T19:25:12","indexId":"ofr00416","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-416","title":"Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis drain extension","docAbstract":"During the next few years, federal and state agencies may be required to evaluate proposals and discharge permits that could significantly change selenium (Se) inputs to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary (Bay-Delta), particularly in the North Bay (i.e., Suisun Bay and San Pablo Bay). These decisions may include discharge requirements for an extension of the San Luis Drain (SLD) to the estuary to convey subsurface agricultural drainage from the western San Joaquin Valley (SJV), a renewal of an agreement to allow the existing portion of the SLD to convey subsurface agricultural drainage to a tributary of the San Joaquin River (SJR) (coincident with changes in flow patterns of the lower SJR), and refinements to promulgated Se criteria for the protection of aquatic life for the estuary.\r\rUnderstanding the biotransfer of Se is essential to evaluating the fate and impact of proposed changes in Se discharges to the Bay-Delta. However, past monitoring programs have not addressed the specific protocols necessary for an element that bioaccumulates. Confusion about Se threats in the past have stemmed from failure to consider the full complexity of the processes that result in Se toxicity. Past studies show that predators are more at risk from Se contamination than their prey, making it difficult to use traditional methods to predict risk from environmental concentrations alone. In this report, we employ a novel procedure to model the fate of Se under different, potentially realistic load scenarios from the SJV. For each potential load, we progressively forecast the resulting environmental concentrations, speciation, transformation to particulate form, bioaccumulation by invertebrates, trophic transfer to predators, and effects in those predators. Enough is known to establish a first order understanding of effects should Se be discharged directly into the North Bay via a conveyance such as the SLD.\r\rOur approach uses 1) existing knowledge concerning the biogeochemical reactions of Se (e.g., speciation, partitioning between dissolved and particulate forms, and bivalve assimilation efficiency) and 2) site-specific data mainly from 1986 to 1996 on clams and bottom-feeding fish and birds. Forecasts of Se loading from oil refineries and agricultural drainage from the SJV enable the calculation of a composite freshwater endmember Se concentration at the head of the estuary and at Carquinez Strait as a foundation for modeling. Our analysis of effects also takes into account the mode of conveyance for agricultural drainage (i.e., the SLD or SJR). The effects of variable flows on a seasonal or monthly basis from the Sacramento River and SJR are also considered.\r\rThe results of our forecasts for external SJV watershed sources of Se mirror predictions made since 1955 of a worsening salt (and by inference, Se) buildup exacerbated by the arid climate and irrigation for agricultural use. We show that the reservoir of Se in the SJV is sufficient to provide loading at an annual rate of approximately 42,500 pounds (lbs) of Se to a Bay-Delta disposal point for 63 to 304 years at the lower range of our projections, even if influx of Se from the California Coast Ranges could be curtailed. Disposal of wastewaters on an annual basis outside of the SJV may slow the degradation of valley resources, but drainage alone cannot alleviate the salt and Se buildup in the SJV, at least within a century.\r\rOur forecasts show the different proportions of Se loading to the Bay-Delta. Oil refinery loads from 1986 to 1992 ranged from 11 to 15 lbs Se per day; with treatment and cleanup, loads decreased to 3 lbs Se per day in 1999. In contrast, SJV agricultural drainage loads could range from of 45 to 117 lbs Se per day across a set of reasonable conditions. Components of this valley-wide load include five source subareas (i.e., Grassland, Westlands, Tulare, Kern, and Northern) based on water and drainage management. Loads vary per subarea mainly because of proximity of the s","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/ofr00416","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Presser, T.S., 2000, Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis drain extension: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-416, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00416.","productDescription":"HTML","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1779,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr00-416/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.1842041015625,\n 37.16907157713011\n ],\n [\n -120.89355468749999,\n 37.16907157713011\n ],\n [\n -120.89355468749999,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -123.1842041015625,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -123.1842041015625,\n 37.16907157713011\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de3ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Presser, Theresa S. 0000-0001-5643-0147 tpresser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-0147","contributorId":2467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"Theresa","email":"tpresser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50376,"text":"ofr00100 - 2000 - Effects of wastewater-lagoon discharge through wetlands on water quality in Bonifas Creek, Gogebic County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T19:17:18","indexId":"ofr00100","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-100","title":"Effects of wastewater-lagoon discharge through wetlands on water quality in Bonifas Creek, Gogebic County, Michigan","docAbstract":"The Lac Vieux Desert Band of the Superior Chippewa (LVD) recently constructed a wastewater-treatment facility that discharges effluent twice annually from settling lagoons to wooded wetland areas adjoining the channel of Bonifas Creek, a small stream that flows near the LVD community in Watersmeet, Michigan. This report describes the hydrology of the site and the results of analyses of water samples from Bonifas Creek and the settling lagoons. Water samples were collected from sites on the creek upstream and downstream of the effluent-receiving area, before and after discharge from the lagoons. The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate increased from the upstream to the downstream site, but the concentrations of sodium, chloride, and sulfate decreased. These changes in water chemistry, however, were similar both before and after the release from the lagoons, and are consistent with known pattern of influxes of ground water into Bonifas Creek. Therefore, it appears that the discharge of wastewater into the area adjoining Bonifas Creek is unlikely to have any immediate effect on the quality of water in the creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/ofr00100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lac Vieux Desert Band of the Superior Chippewa","usgsCitation":"Aichele, S., and Ellis, J.M., 2000, Effects of wastewater-lagoon discharge through wetlands on water quality in Bonifas Creek, Gogebic County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-100, v, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00100.","productDescription":"v, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00100.JPG"},{"id":4179,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://mi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/OF/OF00-100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Gogebic County","otherGeospatial":"Bonifas Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.18563842773436,\n 46.26830821231432\n ],\n [\n -89.18563842773436,\n 46.30093177319756\n ],\n [\n -89.13482666015625,\n 46.30093177319756\n ],\n [\n -89.13482666015625,\n 46.26830821231432\n ],\n [\n -89.18563842773436,\n 46.26830821231432\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aichele, Stephen S. 0000-0002-3397-7921 saichele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-7921","contributorId":194508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aichele","given":"Stephen S.","email":"saichele@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":430,"text":"National Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, James M.","contributorId":29506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24755,"text":"ofr99601 - 2000 - Chemical characteristics of bottom sediments in the Colorado River upstream from the Price-Stubb Diversion Dam near Palisade, Colorado, October-November 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T21:48:27.626136","indexId":"ofr99601","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-601","title":"Chemical characteristics of bottom sediments in the Colorado River upstream from the Price-Stubb Diversion Dam near Palisade, Colorado, October-November 1998","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99601","usgsCitation":"Vaill, J.E., 2000, Chemical characteristics of bottom sediments in the Colorado River upstream from the Price-Stubb Diversion Dam near Palisade, Colorado, October-November 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-601, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99601.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":53782,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0601/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0601/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":405853,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23477.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Palisade","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.35248947143555,\n 39.101291727840604\n ],\n [\n -108.31335067749023,\n 39.101291727840604\n ],\n [\n -108.31335067749023,\n 39.122602866278996\n ],\n [\n -108.35248947143555,\n 39.122602866278996\n ],\n [\n -108.35248947143555,\n 39.101291727840604\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e4760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaill, J. E.","contributorId":86362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaill","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24674,"text":"ofr0077 - 2000 - Data on stream-water and bed-sediment quality in the vicinity of Leviathan Mine, Alpine County, California, and Douglas County, Nevada, September 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-13T21:12:15.429232","indexId":"ofr0077","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-77","title":"Data on stream-water and bed-sediment quality in the vicinity of Leviathan Mine, Alpine County, California, and Douglas County, Nevada, September 1998","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) con- ducted a chemical assessment of streams in the Leviathan Mine and adjacent areas in September 1998. On-site measurements of streamflow, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, specific conductance, and at most sites alkalinity, bicarbonate, and carbonate were made at 14 sites. Water samples were collected for chemical analyses of nutrients, major ions, trace elements, and organic carbon. Bed-sediment samples of fine-grained sediment in representative depositional areas at each sampling location were collected for chemical analyses of major and trace elements, total carbon, inorganic carbon, and organic carbon.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0077","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., and Lico, M.S., 2000, Data on stream-water and bed-sediment quality in the vicinity of Leviathan Mine, Alpine County, California, and Douglas County, Nevada, September 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-77, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0077.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"19","temporalStart":"1998-09-01","temporalEnd":"1998-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282017,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0077/"},{"id":53697,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0077/pdf/of00-77.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157739,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0077/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411918,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23442.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California,Nevada","county":"Alpine County, Douglas County","otherGeospatial":"Leviathan Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.75,\n 38.693\n ],\n [\n -119.75,\n 38.917\n ],\n [\n -119.638,\n 38.917\n ],\n [\n -119.638,\n 38.693\n ],\n [\n -119.75,\n 38.693\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c85e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Karen A. kathomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":3848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Karen","email":"kathomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":192364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lico, Michael S.","contributorId":75897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lico","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23157,"text":"ofr97470F - 1999 - Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Asia Pacific region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-25T16:43:28.883548","indexId":"ofr97470F","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-11T12:10:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-470","chapter":"F","displayTitle":"Maps Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields, and Geologic Provinces of the Asia Pacific Region","title":"Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Asia Pacific region","docAbstract":"This digitally compiled maps include geology, geologic provinces, and oil and gas fields of the Asia Pacific Region. The map is part of a worldwide series of maps on CD-ROM released by the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project. The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world and report these results by the year 2000. For data management purposes, the world was divided into eight energy regions corresponding approximately to the economic regions of the world as defined by the U.S. Department of State. The Asia Pacific Region (Region 3) includes Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, The People's Republic of China, Fiji, Indonesia, Japan, North and South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vanuatu, and Vietnam.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97470F","usgsCitation":"Steinshouer, D.W., Qiang, J., McCabe, P.J., and Ryder, R.T, 1999, Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Asia Pacific region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470-F, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97470F.","productDescription":"Report: 16 p.; 6 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155759,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470F/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":424742,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WG6EJ7","text":"Geology of Australia and New Zealand","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":424743,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EXVH3J","text":"Geology of Far East","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":424744,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92M11CV","text":"Geology of Southeast Asia","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":424745,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9I9CKI3","text":"Geologic provinces of Australia and New Zealand","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":424746,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EXVH3J","text":"Geologic provinces of Far East","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":424747,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9I0XRSQ","text":"Geologic provinces of Southeast Asia","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":368266,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470F/ofr97470F.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-470-F"}],"otherGeospatial":"Asia Pacific region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 146.94496992891567,\n 45.51779430398952\n ],\n [\n 125.79782557532974,\n 54.17650531949124\n ],\n [\n 113.04781283377247,\n 47.17433327398581\n ],\n [\n 99.60138237475098,\n 41.84680004736714\n ],\n [\n 87.43111239441691,\n 50.58566092300293\n ],\n [\n 65.23928065596971,\n 41.26665720416585\n ],\n [\n 84.85254842432914,\n 28.134748322776886\n ],\n [\n 95.20393752598687,\n 17.387136405667263\n ],\n [\n 94.78441706834099,\n -3.2761209630172203\n ],\n [\n 107.6779999237001,\n -10.629432244322558\n ],\n [\n 111.43012427180656,\n -38.78649276915069\n ],\n [\n 130.7012563683861,\n -40.778966803808494\n ],\n [\n 167.00039556095805,\n -48.75949997930406\n ],\n [\n 177.54885019165192,\n -55.94550265425462\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n -39.049535642521946\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 2.162759679628337\n ],\n [\n 146.94496992891567,\n 45.51779430398952\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"","tableOfContents":"This digitally compiled map includes geology, geologic provinces, and oil and gas fields of South America. The map is part of a worldwide series on CD-ROM by World Energy Project released of the U.S. Geological Survey . The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world and report these results by the year 2000. For data management purposes the world is divided into eight energy regions corresponding approximately to the economic regions of the world as defined by the U.S. Department of State. South America (Region 6) includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, French Guiana, Guyuna, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97470D","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J, Viger, R.J., and Anderson, C.P., 1999, Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geologic provinces of the South America region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470-D, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97470D.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; 2 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424678,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A3OJ9B","text":"South America Geologic Map","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470D/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":424679,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92H86MZ","text":"South America Province Boundaries","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":368256,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470D/ofr97470D.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-470-D"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.41796875,\n -58.07787626787517\n ],\n [\n -30.761718749999996,\n -58.07787626787517\n ],\n [\n -30.761718749999996,\n 12.211180191503997\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 12.211180191503997\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n -58.07787626787517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"","tableOfContents":"This digital map compilation, which includes geology, geologic provinces, and oil and gas fields of the Arabian Peninsula, is part of a map series of the world produced by the U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Project. The goal of the project is to produce a worldwide assessment of the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources and report these results by the year 2000. To assess the world's petroleum, a sequence of steps is being undertaken proceeding from defining geologic provinces of the world at a comparable scale, allocating oil and gas fields to these provinces, defining petroleum systems within these provinces, and ultimately assessing the undiscovered petroleum potential of selected provinces of the world. A more in-depth discussion of the geologic provinces and their relative ranking in terms of total known petroleum volume is given in USGS Open File Report 97-463 (see Klett and others, 1997).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97470B","usgsCitation":"Pollastro, R.M., Karshbaum, A.S., and Viger, R.J., 1999, Maps showing geology, oil and gas fields and geologic provinces of the Arabian Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470-B, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97470B.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 2 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470B/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":368152,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-470/OF97-470B/ofr97470B.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-470-B"},{"id":368153,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr97463","text":"Open-File Report 97-463"},{"id":424674,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9H7K39K","text":"Geologic Provinces of the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent areas","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":424675,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GI9NS4","text":"Bedrock geology of the Arabian Peninsula and selected adjacent areas","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Yemen","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[42.77933,16.34789],[42.64957,16.77464],[42.34799,17.07581],[42.27089,17.47472],[41.75438,17.83305],[41.22139,18.6716],[40.93934,19.48649],[40.24765,20.17463],[39.80168,20.33886],[39.1394,21.2919],[39.0237,21.98688],[39.06633,22.57966],[38.49277,23.68845],[38.02386,24.07869],[37.48363,24.28549],[37.15482,24.85848],[37.20949,25.08454],[36.93163,25.60296],[36.6396,25.82623],[36.24914,26.57014],[35.64018,27.37652],[35.13019,28.06335],[34.63234,28.05855],[34.78778,28.60743],[34.83222,28.95748],[34.95604,29.35655],[36.06894,29.19749],[36.50121,29.50525],[36.74053,29.86528],[37.50358,30.00378],[37.66812,30.33867],[37.99885,30.5085],[37.00217,31.50841],[39.00489,32.01022],[39.19547,32.16101],[40.39999,31.88999],[41.88998,31.19001],[44.7095,29.17889],[46.56871,29.09903],[47.30262,30.05907],[47.97452,29.97582],[48.18319,29.53448],[48.09394,29.3063],[48.41609,28.552],[48.80759,27.68963],[49.29955,27.46122],[49.47091,27.11],[50.15242,26.68966],[50.21294,26.27703],[50.1133,25.94397],[50.23986,25.60805],[50.52739,25.32781],[50.66056,24.9999],[50.81011,24.75474],[50.74391,25.48242],[51.01335,26.00699],[51.28646,26.11458],[51.58908,25.80111],[51.6067,25.21567],[51.38961,24.62739],[51.57952,24.2455],[51.75744,24.29407],[51.79439,24.01983],[52.57708,24.17744],[53.40401,24.15132],[54.008,24.12176],[54.69302,24.79789],[55.43902,25.43915],[56.07082,26.05546],[56.36202,26.39593],[56.48568,26.30912],[56.39142,25.89599],[56.26104,25.71461],[56.39685,24.92473],[56.84514,24.24167],[57.40345,23.87859],[58.13695,23.74793],[58.72921,23.56567],[59.1805,22.9924],[59.4501,22.66027],[59.80806,22.53361],[59.80615,22.31052],[59.44219,21.71454],[59.28241,21.43389],[58.86114,21.11403],[58.48799,20.42899],[58.03432,20.48144],[57.82637,20.243],[57.66576,19.736],[57.7887,19.06757],[57.69439,18.94471],[57.23426,18.94799],[56.60965,18.57427],[56.51219,18.08711],[56.28352,17.87607],[55.66149,17.88413],[55.26994,17.63231],[55.2749,17.22835],[54.791,16.9507],[54.23925,17.04498],[53.57051,16.70766],[53.10857,16.65105],[52.38521,16.38241],[52.19173,15.93843],[52.16816,15.59742],[51.17252,15.17525],[49.57458,14.70877],[48.67923,14.0032],[48.23895,13.94809],[47.93891,14.00723],[47.35445,13.59222],[46.71708,13.3997],[45.87759,13.34776],[45.62505,13.29095],[45.40646,13.02691],[45.14436,12.95394],[44.98953,12.69959],[44.49458,12.72165],[44.17511,12.58595],[43.48296,12.6368],[43.22287,13.22095],[43.25145,13.76758],[43.08794,14.06263],[42.89225,14.80225],[42.60487,15.21334],[42.80502,15.26196],[42.70244,15.71889],[42.82367,15.91174],[42.77933,16.34789]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Saudi Arabia\"}}]}","edition":"Version 2.0","contact":"","tableOfContents":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior, is the Nation's largest Earth-science information agency. Among its many responsibilities, such as map making and providing information on earthquakes and other natural hazards, the USGS provides information on the Nation's water resources. The USGS has collected and analyzed hydrologic (water-related) information for more than 100 years. In 1889, the first streamflow-gaging station (a site where regular observations of streamflow data are collected) operated in the United States by the USGS was established on the Rio Grande near Embudo, New Mexico. As the need for streamflow data increased, the USGS's streamflow-gaging program has grown to include more than 7,000 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations. More than 90 percent of these stations are operated with at least partial support from State, local, and other Federal agencies.
In Virginia, the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is a major cooperator in the streamflow-gaging program, which consists of 152 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations located throughout the State (fig. 1). The USGS and DEQ cooperate to publish the annual USGS State data report, \"Water Resources Data-Virginia;\" this two-volume publication includes streamflow data collected at the 152 streamflow-gaging stations, chemical data collected at more than 24 streamflow-gaging stations, and ground-water data collected from more than 338 wells.
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\"}}]}","edition":"Revised in 1999","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a4b6e4b04df303d95867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moberg, Roger M. rmmoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":3655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moberg","given":"Roger","email":"rmmoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Eugene D.","contributorId":80309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79806,"text":"ofr99240 - 1999 - Assessing biological effects from highway-runoff constituents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:25:45","indexId":"ofr99240","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-240","title":"Assessing biological effects from highway-runoff constituents","docAbstract":"Increased emphasis on evaluation of nonpoint-source pollution has intensified the need for techniques that can be used to discern the toxicological effects of complex chemical mixtures. In response, the use of biological assessment techniques is receiving increased regulatory emphasis. When applied with documented habitat assessment and chemical analysis, these techniques can increase our understanding of the influence of environmental contaminants on the biological integrity and ecological function of aquatic communities.
The contaminants of greatest potential concern in highway runoff are those that arise from highway construction, maintenance, and use. The major contaminants of interest are deicers; nutrients; metals; petroleum-related organic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE); sediment washed off the road surface; and agricultural chemicals used in highway maintenance.
Hundreds, if not thousands, of biological endpoints (measurable responses of living organisms) may be either directly or associatively affected by contaminant exposure. Measurable effects can occur throughout ecosystem processes across the wide range of biological complexity, ranging from responses at the biochemical level to the community level.
The challenge to the environmental scientist is to develop an understanding of the relationship of effects at various levels of biological organization in order to determine whether a causal relationship exists between chemical exposure and substantial ecological impairment. This report provides a brief history of the evolution of biological assessment techniques, a description of the major classes of contaminants that are of particular interest in highway runoff, an overview of representative biological assessment techniques, and a discussion of data-quality considerations.
Published reports with a focus on the effects of highway runoff on the local ecosystem were reviewed to provide information on (1) the suitability of the existing data for a quantitative national synthesis, (2) the methods available to study the effects of highway runoff on local ecosystems, and (3) the potential for adverse effects on the roadside environment and receiving waters. Although many biological studies have been done, the use of different methods and a general lack of sufficient documentation precludes a quantitative national synthesis on the basis of the existing data. The Federal Highway Administration, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality, and the National Resources Conservation Service all have developed and documented methods for assessing the effects of contaminants on ecosystems in receiving waters. These published methods can be used to formulate a set of protocols to provide consistent information from highway-runoff studies.
Review of the literature indicates (qualitatively) that highway runoff (even from highways with high traffic volume) may not usually be acutely toxic. Tissue analysis and community assessments, however, indicate effects from highway- runoff sediments near discharge points (even from sites near highways with relatively low traffic volumes). At many sites, elevated concentrations of highway-runoff constituents were measured in tissues of species associated with aquatic sediments. Community assessments also indicate decreases in the diversity and productivity of aquatic ecosystems at some sites receiving highway runoff. These results are not definitive, however, and depend on many site-specific criteria that were not sufficiently documented in most of the studies reviewed.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98427","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Cross, V., and Schwab, W.C., 1999, Digital sidescan-sonar imagery of the Manchas Interiores-Manchas Exteriores coral reef complex, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-427, HTML Document: CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98427.","productDescription":"HTML Document: CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1542,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-427/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333316,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0427/ofr98427.zip","text":"Disc","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":389036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22667.htm"},{"id":155704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Manchas Interiors - Manchas Exteriores coal reef complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.23838806152344,\n 18.19412983463666\n ],\n [\n -67.17933654785156,\n 18.19412983463666\n ],\n [\n -67.17933654785156,\n 18.2743462162743\n ],\n [\n -67.23838806152344,\n 18.2743462162743\n ],\n [\n -67.23838806152344,\n 18.19412983463666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a6a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, VeeAnn","contributorId":54237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"VeeAnn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22567,"text":"ofr99208 - 1999 - Fish-community composition in Cowanesque River upstream and downstream of the Cowanesque Dam, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T10:54:29","indexId":"ofr99208","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-208","title":"Fish-community composition in Cowanesque River upstream and downstream of the Cowanesque Dam, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 1998","docAbstract":"Between February 1997 and September 1997, 10 monitor wells were drilled near the site of the\r\nformer Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster, Bucks County, Pa., to monitor water levels and sample\r\nground-water contaminants in the shallow, intermediate, and deep water-bearing zones. The\r\nsampling will determine the horizontal and vertical distribution of contaminated ground water\r\nmigrating from known or suspected contaminant sources. Four wells were drilled north of the\r\nproperty adjacent to Area A, three wells along strike located on Lewis Drive, and three wells directly\r\ndown dip on Ivyland Road. Well depths range from 69 feet to 300 feet below land surface.\r\nBorehole-geophysical logging and television surveys were used to identify water-bearing zones so\r\nthat appropriate intervals could be screened in each monitor well. Geophysical logs were obtained at\r\nthe 10 monitor wells. Borehole television surveys were obtained at the four monitor wells adjacent to\r\nArea A.\r\nCaliper and borehole television surveys were used to locate fractures, inflections on fluidtemperature\r\nand fluid-resistivity logs were used to locate possible water-bearing fractures, and heatpulse-\r\nflowmeter measurements verified these locations. Natural-gamma logs provided information on\r\nstratigraphy. After interpretation of geophysical logs, borehole television surveys, and driller?s logs,\r\nall wells were screened such that water-level fluctuations could be monitored and water samples\r\ncollected from discrete water-bearing zones in each borehole.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99208","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brightbill, R.A., and Bilger, M.D., 1999, Fish-community composition in Cowanesque River upstream and downstream of the Cowanesque Dam, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-208, 15 leaves :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99208.","productDescription":"15 leaves :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0208/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52050,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0208/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/reports/ofr98-86.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef4be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brightbill, Robin A. 0000-0003-4683-9656 rabright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-9656","contributorId":618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","email":"rabright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bilger, Michael D.","contributorId":13589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22568,"text":"ofr99210 - 1999 - Fish-community composition in Mill Creek, Crooked Creek, and Tioga River in the vicinity of Tioga-Hammond Dams, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:57","indexId":"ofr99210","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-210","title":"Fish-community composition in Mill Creek, Crooked Creek, and Tioga River in the vicinity of Tioga-Hammond Dams, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 1998","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr99210","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brightbill, R.A., and Bilger, M.D., 1999, Fish-community composition in Mill Creek, Crooked Creek, and Tioga River in the vicinity of Tioga-Hammond Dams, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-210, iv, 21 leaves :col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99210.","productDescription":"iv, 21 leaves :col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0210/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52051,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef4de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brightbill, Robin A. 0000-0003-4683-9656 rabright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-9656","contributorId":618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","email":"rabright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bilger, Michael D.","contributorId":13589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22478,"text":"ofr99195 - 1999 - Summary of water-quality data for City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells, 1988-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:08","indexId":"ofr99195","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-195","title":"Summary of water-quality data for City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells, 1988-97","docAbstract":"The City of Albuquerque has collected and analyzed more than 5,000 \r\nwater-quality samples from 113 water-supply wells in the Albuquerque \r\narea, including many drinking-water supply wells, since May of 1988. \r\nAs a result, a large water-quality data base has been compiled that \r\nincludes data for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, carbon, \r\nvolatile organic compounds, radiological constituents, and bacteria. \r\nThese data are intended to improve the understanding and management of \r\nthe ground-water resources of the region, rather than demonstrate \r\ncompliance with Federal and State drinking-water standards. This \r\nreport gives summary statistics for selected physical properties \r\nand chemical constituents for ground water from wells used by the \r\nCity of Albuquerque for drinking-water supply between 1988 and 1997. \r\nMaps are provided to show the general spatial distribution of selected \r\nparameters and water types around the region. Although the values of \r\nsome parameters vary substantially across the city, median values for \r\nall parameters included in this report are less than their respective \r\nmaximum contaminant levels in each drinking-water supply well. The \r\ndominant water types are sodium plus potassium / carbonate plus bicarbonate \r\nin the western part of the city and calcium / carbonate plus bicarbonate \r\nin the eastern part of the city.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr99195","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., Lindberg, W., and Anderholm, S.K., 1999, Summary of water-quality data for City of Albuquerque drinking-water supply wells, 1988-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-195, vi, 138 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99195.","productDescription":"vi, 138 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0195/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51995,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0195/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51996,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697dee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, William E.","contributorId":27091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"William E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":94270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23543,"text":"ofr99232 - 1999 - Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23543,"text":"ofr99232 - 1999 - Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","indexId":"ofr99232","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2020,"text":"wsp2465C - 1999 - Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","indexId":"wsp2465C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2020,"text":"wsp2465C - 1999 - Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","indexId":"wsp2465C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-26T22:33:58.011948","indexId":"ofr99232","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-232","title":"Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","docAbstract":"In the 1980s significant nutrient-related water-quality problems that impacted beneficial uses were identified in the Tualatin River during the low-flow summer months, defined as .May 1 to October 31. Unsightly algal blooms resulted in fluctuations in oxygen concentrations and pH conditions; reduction of phosphorus concentrations was determined to the effective control mechanism for these conditions. Elevated ammonia concentrations also contributed to low oxygen concentrations. Because standards for beneficial uses were not being met, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality established Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for phosphorus and ammonia in the Tualatin Basin, as required by the Clean Water Act. To provide necessary context for the TMDL process, data were collected during the period 1991-93 to characterize the sources and transport of water, phosphorus, and major forms of nitrogen in the main-stem Tualatin River during the summer. A significant source of water to the river was not accounted for by surface-water inputs, and was consistent with direct discharge of ground water to the main-stem river channel. Ground water is also the primary source of water for the tributaries during the summer low-flow season. Because large natural supplies of highly mobile phosphorus exist in the upper 500 feet of valley-fill sediments throughout the Tualatin Basin, ground water in the basin is naturally enriched with phosphorus. While improvement in wastewater treatment efficiencies and land management practices have resulted in significant reductions in nutrient concentrations in the Tualatin River, phosphorus concentrations continue to exceed TMDL criterion concentrations. The presence of significant geologic sources of phosphorus in the basin will confound the achievement of current TMDL criteria for phosphorus in the Tualatin River and its tributaries. In contrast, natural sources of all forms of nitrogen to the Tualatin River are insignificant relative to the effluent from the wastewater treatment plants in the basin. Efficient wastewater treatment is, therefore, an effective means for controlling ammonia concentrations in the main-stem river.