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The sodiumadsorption ratio and specific conductance may affect irrigation use for some wells.\r\n\r\nHigh concentrations of iron and manganese are the only concentrations that may hamper the use of water from Precambrian aquifers. The principal deterrents to use of water from the Deadwood aquifer are the high concentrations of radionuclides as well as iron and manganese. Iron, manganese, and hardness may deter use of water from the Madison aquifer as well as dissolved solids and sulfate in downgradient wells (generally deeper than 2,000 feet). Iron, manganese, and hardness may also deter use of the Minnelusa aquifer. Water from the Minnekahta aquifer generally is suitable for all water uses although it is hard to very hard. High concentrations of dissolved solids, iron, sulfate, and manganese may hamper the use of water from the Inyan Kara aquifer. In the southern Black Hills, radium-226 and uranium concentrations also may preclude use of water from the Inyan Kara aquifer. Suitability for irrigation may be affected by high specific conductance and sodium-adsorption ratio for the Inyan Kara.\r\n\r\nSurface-water quality within the Black Hills and surrounding area generally is very good but the water is hard to very hard. Concentrations of some constituents in the study area tend to be higher exterior to the Black Hills, primarily due to influences from the Cretaceous-age marine shales, including dissolved solids, sodium, sulfate, selenium, and uranium. Headwater springs have relatively constant discharge, specific conductance, dissolved solids, and concentrations of most other constituents.\r\n\r\nConcentrations at crystalline core sites are very similar to those found in samples from Precambrian aquifers. Some high nitrate concentrations greater than the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter) have occurred at Annie Creek near Lead, which have been attributed to mining impacts. Trace elements generally are low with the exception of arsenic, for which 60 percent of samples exceed the proposed MCL of 10 ug/L (micrograms per liter) and one sample","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014194","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the \r\nSouth Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the West Dakota Water Development District ","usgsCitation":"Williamson, J., and Carter, J.M., 2001, Water-quality characteristics in the Black Hills area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4194, 196 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014194.","productDescription":"196 p. 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We have mapped 11 separate Quaternary units that are differentiated on the basis of stratigraphic, topographic, pedogenic, and hydrogeologic properties. In summation, these units reflect four distinct episodes in the Quaternary geologic development of the Willamette Valley:\r\n\r\n1) Fluvial sands and gravels that underlie terraces flanking lowland margins and tributary valleys were probably deposited between 2.5 and 0.5 million years ago. They are the oldest widespread surficial Quaternary deposits in the valley. Their present positions and preservation are undoubtedly due to postdepositional tectonic deformation - either by direct tectonic uplift of valley margins, or by regional tectonic controls on local base level. \r\n\r\n2) Tertiary and Quaternary excavation or tectonic lowering of the Willamette Valley accommodated as much as 500 m (meters) of lacustrine and fluvial fill. Beneath the lowland floor, much of the upper 10 to 50 m of fill is Quaternary sand and gravel deposited by braided channel systems in subhorizontal sheets 2 to 10 m thick. These deposits grade to gravel fans 40 to 100 m thick where major Cascade Range rivers enter the valley and are traced farther upstream as much thinner valley trains of coarse gravel. The sand and gravel deposits have ages that range from greater than 420,000 to about 12,000 years old. A widely distributed layer of sand and gravel deposited at about 12 ka (kiloannum, thousands of years before the present) is looser and probably more permeable than older sand and gravel. Stratigraphic exposures and drillers' logs indicate that this late Pleistocene unit is mostly between 5 and 20 m thick where it has not been subsequently eroded by the Willamette River and its major tributaries. \r\n\r\n3) Between 15,000 and 12,700 years ago, dozens of floods from Glacial Lake Missoula flowed up the Willamette Valley from the Columbia River, depositing up to 35 m of gravel, sand, silt, and clay.\r\n\r\n4) Subsequent to 12,000 years ago, Willamette River sediment and flow regimes changed significantly: the Pleistocene braided river systems that had formed vast plains of sand and gravel evolved to incised and meandering rivers that are constructing today's fine-grained floodplains and gravelly channel deposits. Sub-surface channel facies of this unit are loose and unconsolidated and are highly permeable zones of substantial groundwater flow that is likely to be well connected to surface flow in the Willamette River and major tributaries. Stratigraphic exposures and drillers' logs indicate that this unit is mostly between 5 and 15 m thick. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1620","isbn":"0607948329","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Water Resources Department","usgsCitation":"O'Connor, J., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Wozniak, K.C., Polette, D.J., and Fleck, R.J., 2001, Origin, extent, and thickness of quaternary geologic units in the Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1620, Report: iv, 54 p.; Plate: 32 x 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1620.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 54 p.; Plate: 32 x 40 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1620.jpg"},{"id":110225,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_44856.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"44856"},{"id":12203,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1620/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.83333333333333,43.5 ], [ -123.83333333333333,45.5 ], [ -122.5,45.5 ], [ -122.5,43.5 ], [ -123.83333333333333,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a5a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":219462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wozniak, Karl C.","contributorId":69606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wozniak","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Polette, Danial J. dpolette@usgs.gov","contributorId":1100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polette","given":"Danial","email":"dpolette@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":30944,"text":"wri014202 - 2001 - Evaluation of ground-water/surface-water relations, Chapman Creek,West-Central Ohio, by means of multiple methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-21T15:18:09","indexId":"wri014202","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001–4202","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Ground-Water/Surface-Water Relations, Chapman Creek,West-Central Ohio, by Means of Multiple Methods","title":"Evaluation of ground-water/surface-water relations, Chapman Creek,West-Central Ohio, by means of multiple methods","docAbstract":"Chapman Creek, a tributary to the Mad River, passes within about 500 feet of a landfill near Tremont City, in Clark County, west-central Ohio. In autumn 2000, the ground-water/surface-water relation was investigated by use of piezometers, seepage meters, temperature monitors, and a gain-loss study. Four piezometers were installed in the streambed along about a 1-mile reach, inclusive of the landfill. Four seepage-meter tests were done at locations near two of the piezometers. Four temperature-monitoring stations were established along a reach of about 700 feet near the landfill. A fifth temperature station was located near a piezometer about 3,000 feet downstream from the landfill. A streamflow gain-loss study was done over a 3-mile reach that included the reaches studied with the other methods. The data from the piezometers, seepage meters, and temperature monitors indicated an apparent change from losing to gaining and back again several times over fairly short distances. The gain-loss data indicated that the creek was consistently a gaining stream over the 3-mile reach. Investigation of streambed conditions and local geology revealed that the streambed consists of sand and gravel overlying a finegrained till layer. The stream water readily moves in and out of the coarse streambed such that the piezometers, seepage meters, and temperature monitors measured the local flow in the streambed; therefore, these data did not reflect the true relation between the creek and ground water. On the other hand, the gain-loss study, less affected by the movement of water in the streambed, showed that Chapman Creek probably is a gaining stream throughout the 3-mile reach.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014202","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dumouchelle, D.H., 2001, Evaluation of ground-water/surface-water relations, Chapman Creek,West-Central Ohio, by means of multiple methods: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001–4202, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014202.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95887,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4202/wri20014202.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 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U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229-1737
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Preliminary scientific results of the Creede Caldera Continental Scientific Drilling Program, Chapters A-P","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94260F","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Finkelstein, D., Altaner, S.P., Hay, R.L., and Greenberg, S., 2001, Silicate diagenesis of tuffs in the Creede Formation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-260, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94260F.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":51608,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0260f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0260f/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Creede","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.97319030761719,\n 37.791337175930686\n ],\n [\n -106.66351318359375,\n 37.791337175930686\n ],\n [\n -106.66351318359375,\n 37.99183365313853\n ],\n [\n -106.97319030761719,\n 37.99183365313853\n ],\n [\n -106.97319030761719,\n 37.791337175930686\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3cc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelstein, David B.","contributorId":64687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelstein","given":"David B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Altaner, S. 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L.","contributorId":34170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenberg, S.","contributorId":79925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30778,"text":"cir1196A - 2001 - Gold recycling in the United States in 1998","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":22325,"text":"ofr00195 - 2000 - Gold recycling; a materials flow study","indexId":"ofr00195","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Gold recycling; a materials flow study"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":30778,"text":"cir1196A - 2001 - Gold recycling in the United States in 1998","indexId":"cir1196A","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Gold recycling in the United States in 1998"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"cir1196A","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1196","chapter":"A","title":"Gold recycling in the United States in 1998","docAbstract":"In 1998, 175 metric tons (t) of refined gold was recovered by U.S. refiners from old and new scrap. The overall recycling rate was 29 percent when scrap consumption was compared with apparent domestic supply. Sources of old scrap includes discarded jewelry, dental materials, plating solutions, and electronic equipment. A very high old scrap recycling efficiency of 96 percent was reached in 1998, the supply of old scrap peaked, gold prices were at an 18-year low, and substantial amounts of old scrap were exported. U.S. net exports of old scrap had a gold content of 28 t.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Flow studies for recycling metal commodities in the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir1196A","collaboration":"Supersedes OFR 00-195-A","usgsCitation":"Amey, E., 2001, Gold recycling in the United States in 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1196, p. A1-A8, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1196A.","productDescription":"p. A1-A8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2601,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circular/c1196a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674020","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amey, Earle B.","contributorId":67864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amey","given":"Earle B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31232,"text":"ofr0171 - 2001 - Quality-assurance data for routine water quality analyses by the U. S. Geological Survey laboratory in Troy, New York; July 1993 through June 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:09","indexId":"ofr0171","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-71","title":"Quality-assurance data for routine water quality analyses by the U. S. Geological Survey laboratory in Troy, New York; July 1993 through June 1995","docAbstract":"A laboratory for analysis of low-ionic strength water has been developed at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) office in Troy, N.Y., to analyze samples collected by USGS projects in the Northeast. The laboratory's quality-assurance program is based on internal and interlaboratory quality-assurance samples and quality-control procedures developed to ensure proper sample collection, processing, and analysis. The quality-assurance/quality-control data are stored in the laboratory's SAS data-management system, which provides efficient review, compilation, and plotting of quality-assurance/quality-control data. This report presents and discusses samples analyzed from July 1993 through June 1995. \r\n\r\nQuality-control results for 18 analytical procedures were evaluated for bias and precision. Control charts show that data from seven of the analytical procedures were biased throughout the analysis period for either high-concentration or low-concentration samples but were within control limits; these procedures were: acid-neutralizing capacity, dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved organic carbon (soil expulsions), chloride, magnesium, nitrate (colorimetric method), and pH. Three of the analytical procedures were occasionally biased but were within control limits; they were: calcium (high for high-concentration samples for May 1995), dissolved organic carbon (high for highconcentration samples from January through September 1994), and fluoride (high in samples for April and June 1994). No quality-control sample has been developed for the organic monomeric aluminum procedure. \r\n\r\nResults from the filter-blank and analytical-blank analyses indicate that all analytical procedures in which blanks were run were within control limits, although values for a few blanks were outside the control limits. Blanks were not analyzed for acid-neutralizing capacity, dissolved inorganic carbon, fluoride, nitrate (colorimetric method), or pH. \r\n\r\nSampling and analysis precision are evaluated herein in terms of the coefficient of variation obtained for triplicate samples in 14 of the 18 procedures. Data-quality objectives were met by more than 90 percent of the samples analyzed in all procedures except total monomeric aluminum (85 percent of samples met objectives), total aluminum (70 percent of samples met objectives), and dissolved organic carbon (85 percent of samples met objectives). Triplicate samples were not analyzed for ammonium, fluoride, dissolved inorganic carbon, or nitrate (colorimetric method). \r\n\r\nResults of the USGS interlaboratory Standard Reference Sample Program indicated high data quality with a median result of 3.6 of a possible 4.0. Environment Canada's LRTAP interlaboratory study results indicated that more than 85 percent of the samples met data-quality objectives in 6 of the 12 analyses; exceptions were calcium, dissolved organic carbon, chloride, pH, potassium, and sodium. Data-quality objectives were not met for calcium samples in one LRTAP study, but 94 percent of samples analyzed were within control limits for the remaining studies. Data-quality objectives were not met by 35 percent of samples analyzed for dissolved organic carbon, but 94 percent of sample values were within 20 percent of the most probable value. Data-quality objectives were not met for 30 percent of samples analyzed for chloride, but 90 percent of sample values were within 20 percent of the most probable value. Measurements of samples with a pH above 6.0 were biased high in 54 percent of the samples, although 85 percent of the samples met data-quality objectives for pH measurements below 6.0. Data-quality objectives for potassium and sodium were not met in one study (only 33 percent of the samples analyzed met the objectives), although 85 percent of the sample values were within control limits for the other studies. Measured sodium values were above the upper control limit in all studies. \r\n\r\nResults from blind reference-sample analyses indicated that data","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0171","usgsCitation":"Lincoln, T.A., Horan-Ross, D.A., McHale, M.R., and Lawrence, G.B., 2001, Quality-assurance data for routine water quality analyses by the U. S. Geological Survey laboratory in Troy, New York; July 1993 through June 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-71, v, 25 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0171.","productDescription":"v, 25 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2801,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ny.water.usgs.gov/pubs/of/of01071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95912,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0071/report.pdf","size":"2649","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0071/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db63685d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lincoln, Tricia A. tarenga@usgs.gov","contributorId":3803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lincoln","given":"Tricia","email":"tarenga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horan-Ross, Debra A. dhross@usgs.gov","contributorId":3809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horan-Ross","given":"Debra","email":"dhross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHale, Michael R. 0000-0003-3780-1816 mmchale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-1816","contributorId":1735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"Michael","email":"mmchale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22087,"text":"ofr0151 - 2001 - Quaternary and Late Pliocene geology of the Death Valley region: Recent observations on tectonics, stratigraphy, and lake cycles (guidebook for the 2001 Pacific Friends of the Pleistocene fieldtrip)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T19:35:44.894359","indexId":"ofr0151","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-51","title":"Quaternary and Late Pliocene geology of the Death Valley region: Recent observations on tectonics, stratigraphy, and lake cycles (guidebook for the 2001 Pacific Friends of the Pleistocene fieldtrip)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr0151","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Machette, M., Johnson, M.L., and Slate, J.L., 2001, Quaternary and Late Pliocene geology of the Death Valley region: Recent observations on tectonics, stratigraphy, and lake cycles (guidebook for the 2001 Pacific Friends of the Pleistocene fieldtrip) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-51, Report: vii, 246 p.; 2 Plates: 11.12 × 15.71 inches and 20.01 × 13.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0151.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 246 p.; 2 Plates: 11.12 × 15.71 inches and 20.01 × 13.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110152,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34863.htm","text":"Regional surficial-deposit mapping in the Death Valley area of California andChapter H-Nevada in support of ground-water modeling","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34863"},{"id":153780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1425,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465492,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34864.htm","text":"Field trip guide for day A, northern Death Valley","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465493,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34865.htm","text":"Field trip guide for day B, Furnace Creek area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465494,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34866.htm","text":"Field trip guide for day C, central Death Valley","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"450000","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.586669921875,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -116.290283203125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -116.290283203125,\n 37.36142550190517\n ],\n [\n -117.586669921875,\n 37.36142550190517\n ],\n [\n -117.586669921875,\n 35.460669951495305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a45a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machette, Michael N.","contributorId":28963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Margo L.","contributorId":54626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Margo","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slate, Janet L. 0000-0002-2870-9068 jslate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-9068","contributorId":252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"Janet","email":"jslate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30914,"text":"wri014071 - 2001 - Effects of urban development on stormwater runoff characteristics for the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T12:56:30","indexId":"wri014071","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4071","title":"Effects of urban development on stormwater runoff characteristics for the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area","docAbstract":"A study was done to estimate the effects of urban development in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area on nine stormwater runoff characteristics. Three of the nine characteristics define the magnitude of stormwater runoff, and the remaining six characteristics describe the shape and duration of a storm hydrograph. Multiple linear regression was used to develop equations to estimate the nine stormwater runoff characteristics from basin and rainfall characteristics. Five basin characteristics and five rainfall characteristics were tested in the regressions to determine which basin and rainfall characteristics significantly affect stormwater runoff characteristics. Basin development factor was found to be significant in equations for eight of the nine stormwater runoff characteristics. Two sets of equations were developed, one for each of two regions based on soil type, from a database containing 1,089 storm discharge hydrographs for 42 sites compiled during 1964–89.
The effects of urban development on the eight stormwater runoff characteristics were quantified by varying basin development factor in the equations and recomputing the stormwater runoff characteristics. The largest observed increase in basin development factor for region 1 (north of Buffalo Bayou) during the study resulted in corresponding increases in the characteristics that define magnitude of stormwater runoff ranging from about 40 percent (for direct runoff) to 235 percent (for peak yield); and corresponding decreases in the characteristics that describe hydrograph shape and duration ranging from about 22 percent (for direct runoff duration) to about 58 percent (for basin lag). The largest observed increase in basin development factor for region 2 (south of Buffalo Bayou) during the study resulted in corresponding increases in the characteristics that define magnitude of stormwater runoff ranging from about 33 percent (for direct runoff) to about 210 percent (for both peak flow and peak yield); and corresponding decreases in the characteristics that describe hydrograph shape and duration ranging from about 38 percent (for direct runoff duration) to about 64 percent (for basin lag).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014071","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Harris County Flood Control District and the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Liscum, F., 2001, Effects of urban development on stormwater runoff characteristics for the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4071, HTML Document; Report: iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014071.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iv, 35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014071.JPG"},{"id":2879,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri01-4071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333093,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4071/pdf/wri01-4071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.59478759765624,\n 29.482643134466617\n ],\n [\n -95.8502197265625,\n 29.73099249532227\n ],\n [\n -95.84747314453125,\n 30.080978010788556\n ],\n [\n -95.75,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n -95.3778076171875,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -95.00976562499999,\n 30.10236569641242\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -95.59478759765624,\n 29.482643134466617\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610081","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liscum, Fred","contributorId":95463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liscum","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30947,"text":"wri014220 - 2001 - Hydrogeologic framework of Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat, Washoe County, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:12","indexId":"wri014220","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4220","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat, Washoe County, west-central Nevada","docAbstract":"Description of the hydrogeologic framework of Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat in west-central Nevada adds to the general knowledge of regional ground-water flow north of the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area. The hydrogeologic framework is defined by the rocks and deposits that transmit ground water or impede its movement and by the combined thickness of Cenozoic deposits. When data are lacking about the subsurface geology of an area, geophysical methods can be used to provide additional information. In this study, gravimetric and seismic-refraction methods were used to infer the form of structural features and to estimate the thickness of Cenozoic deposits in each of the two valleys. In Antelope Valley, the thickness of these deposits probably does not exceed about 300 feet, suggesting that ground-water storage in the basin-fill aquifer is limited. Beneath Bedell Flat is an elongated, northeast-trending structural depression in the pre-Cenozoic basement; the maximum thickness of Cenozoic deposits is about 2,500 feet beneath the south-central part of the valley. Shallow ground water in the northwest corner of Bedell Flat may be a result of decreasing depth to the pre-Cenozoic basement.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014220","usgsCitation":"Berger, D., Ponce, D., and Ross, W., 2001, Hydrogeologic framework of Antelope Valley and Bedell Flat, Washoe County, west-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4220, 11 p., 1 over-size sheet. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014220.","productDescription":"11 p., 1 over-size sheet. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2916,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014220","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":95888,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4220/plate-1.pdf","size":"2115","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, D.L.","contributorId":106904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, D. A. 0000-0003-4785-7354","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":104019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, W.C.","contributorId":61461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30670,"text":"ds62D - 2001 - Global GIS database. Digital atlas of South Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-10T15:19:42.602272","indexId":"ds62D","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"62","chapter":"D","title":"Global GIS database. Digital atlas of South Pacific","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM contains a digital atlas of the countries of the South Pacific. This atlas is part of a global database compiled from USGS and other data sources at a nominal scale of 1:1 million and is intended to be used as a regional-scale reference and analytical tool by government officials, researchers, the private sector, and the general public. The atlas includes free GIS software or may be used with ESRI's ArcView software. Customized ArcView tools, specifically designed to make the atlas easier to use, are also included.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds62D","usgsCitation":"Hearn, P., Hare, T., Schruben, P., Sherrill, D., LaMar, C., and Tsushima, P., 2001, Global GIS database. Digital atlas of South Pacific: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 62, CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds62D.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502693,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0062/USGS_DDS62D.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":163173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South Pacific","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674c43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, Paul phearn@usgs.gov","contributorId":176504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"Paul","email":"phearn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":203679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hare, T.M. 0000-0001-8842-389X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":43828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schruben, P.","contributorId":93039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schruben","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherrill, D.","contributorId":103669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrill","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LaMar, C.","contributorId":18353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMar","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tsushima, P.","contributorId":28968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsushima","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":31123,"text":"ofr99250 - 2001 - Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"ofr99250","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-250","title":"Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1998","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project, collects, compiles, and summarizes hydrologic data in the Yucca Mountain region. The data are collected to allow assessments of ground-water resources during studies to determine the potential suitability of Yucca Mountain for storing high-level nuclear waste.\r\n\r\nData on ground-water levels at 34 wells and a fissure (Devils Hole), ground-water discharge at 5 springs and a flowing well, and total reported ground-water withdrawals within Crater Flat, Jackass Flats, Mercury Valley, and the Amargosa Desert are presented for calendar year 1998. Data collected prior to 1998 are graphically presented and data collected by other agencies (or as part of other Geolgical Survey programs) are included to further indicate variations of ground-water levels, discharges, and withdrawals through time.\r\n\r\nA statistical summary of ground-water levels at seven wells in Jackass Flats is presented to indicate potential effects of ground-water withdrawals associated with U.S. Department of Energy activities near Yucca Mountain. The statistical summary includes the number of measurements, the maximum, minimum, and median water-level altitudes, and the average deviation of measured water-level altitudes for selected baseline periods and for calendar years 1992-98. At two water-supply wells and a nearby observation well, median water levels for calendar year 1998 were slightly lower (0.2 to 0.3 foot) than for their respective baseline periods. At the remaining four wells in Jackass Flats, median water levels for 1998 were unchanged at two wells and slightly higher (0.4 and 1.4 foot) at two wells than those for their respective baseline periods.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr99250","usgsCitation":"Locke, G.L., 2001, Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-250, iv, 88 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99250.","productDescription":"iv, 88 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2611,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr99250/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9854","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locke, Glenn L. gllocke@usgs.gov","contributorId":2479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Glenn","email":"gllocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30913,"text":"wri014069 - 2001 - Estimation of hydraulic characteristics in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system using computer simulations of river and drain pulses in the Rio Bravo study area, near Albuquerque, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"wri014069","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4069","title":"Estimation of hydraulic characteristics in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system using computer simulations of river and drain pulses in the Rio Bravo study area, near Albuquerque, New Mexico","docAbstract":"In 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a hydrologic \r\ninvestigation of the surface-water/ground-water interaction of \r\nthe Rio Grande and the surrounding alluvium and the Santa Fe Group \r\naquifer system in an area near the Rio Bravo Bridge, south of Albu-\r\nquerque, New Mexico. A set of existing wells and new wells were \r\ninstrumented to monitor water levels in a section perpendicular to \r\nthe Rio Grande on the east side of the river. Equipment to measure \r\nstream stage was installed at two sites--on the Albuquerque Riverside \r\nDrain and on the Rio Grande. A short-duration river pulse and a \r\nlong-duration river pulse were used to stress the ground-water \r\nsystem while the changes in water levels were monitored. A ground-\r\nwater flow-model simulation using the principle of superposition was \r\nused to estimate the hydraulic characteristics of the local \r\nground-water system. Simulated horizontal hydraulic conductivities\r\nvaried from 0.03 to 100 feet per day, and vertical hydraulic \r\nconductivities varied from 1.5 x 10-6 to 0.01 foot per day. The \r\nspecific yield of layer 1 was estimated to be 0.3. Specific storage \r\nfor layers 2 through 11 was 1.0 x 10-6. Water entering the model from \r\nthe river along a 300-foot-wide cross section during simulation of \r\nthe short-duration pulse averaged 7.46 x 10-3 cubic foot per second \r\nand during the long-duration pulse was 1.66 x 10-3 cubic foot per \r\nsecond. The average flux from the model to the drain during the \r\nshort-duration pulse was 3.18 x 10-3 cubic foot per second. The \r\naverage flux for the long-duration pulse was 7.14 x 10-3 cubic foot \r\nper second from the drain to the model.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014069","usgsCitation":"Roark, D., 2001, Estimation of hydraulic characteristics in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system using computer simulations of river and drain pulses in the Rio Bravo study area, near Albuquerque, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4069, 52 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014069.","productDescription":"52 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95876,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4069/report.pdf","size":"3004","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4069/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roark, D.M.","contributorId":20776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roark","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}