{"pageNumber":"308","pageRowStart":"7675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10457,"records":[{"id":70185232,"text":"70185232 - 2000 - Multivariate correlation between concentrations of selected herbicides and derivatives in outflows from selected U.S. midwestern reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T10:55:24","indexId":"70185232","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multivariate correlation between concentrations of selected herbicides and derivatives in outflows from selected U.S. midwestern reservoirs","docAbstract":"<p><span>Multivariate correlations between the concentrations of selected herbicides and herbicide derivatives in outflows from selected reservoirs in the Midwestern United States for April 1992 through September 1993 were investigated using principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR). Two independent sources for alachlor ethanesulfonic acid, one major source related to spring flush and seasonal runoff and another minor source related to groundwater, were identified using PCA. Results of MCR provided a semiquantitative interpretation of the environmental sources of the observed herbicide concentrations in reservoir outflows and allowed the examination of their temporal and geographical distributions. Samples with higher herbicide concentrations were collected from reservoirs in Indiana and Ohio, especially during the late spring and summer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es000884m","usgsCitation":"Tauler, R., Barcelo, D., and Thurman, E., 2000, Multivariate correlation between concentrations of selected herbicides and derivatives in outflows from selected U.S. midwestern reservoirs: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 16, p. 3307-3314, https://doi.org/10.1021/es000884m.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"3307","endPage":"3314","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba422e4b0849ce97dc792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tauler, R.","contributorId":189430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tauler","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barcelo, D.","contributorId":24107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barcelo","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182186,"text":"70182186 - 2000 - Applying metapopulation theory to conservation of migratory birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:12:48","indexId":"70182186","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying metapopulation theory to conservation of migratory birds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Metapopulation theory has proven useful for understanding the population structure and dynamics of many species of conservation concern. The metapopulation concept has been applied almost exclusively to nonmigratory species, however, for which subpopulation demographic independence—a requirement for a classically defined metapopulation - is explicitly related to geographic distribution and dispersal probabilities. Defining the degree of demographic independence among subpopulations of migratory animals, and thus the applicability of metapopulation theory as a conceptual framework for understanding population dynamics, is much more difficult. Unlike nonmigratory species, subpopulations of migratory animals cannot be defined as synonymous with geographic areas. Groups of migratory birds that are geographically separate at one part of the annual cycle may occur together at others, but co-occurrence in time and space does not preclude the demographic independence of subpopulations. I suggest that metapopulation theory can be applied to migratory species but that understanding the degree of subpopulation independence may require information about both spatial distribution throughout the annual cycle and behavioral mechanisms that may lead to subpopulation demographic independence. The key for applying metapopulation theory to migratory animals lies in identifying demographically independent subpopulations, even as they move during the annual cycle and potentially co-occur with other subpopulations. Using examples of migratory bird species, I demonstrate that spatial and temporal modes of subpopulation independence can interact with behavioral mechanisms to create demographically independent subpopulations, including cases in which subpopulations are not spatially distinct in some parts of the annual cycle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98147.x","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., 2000, Applying metapopulation theory to conservation of migratory birds: Conservation Biology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 366-372, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98147.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e32e4b0ce4410e7d612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70157373,"text":"70157373 - 1999 - Characterizing hydrology and the importance of ground-water discharge in natural and constructed wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:38:20","indexId":"70157373","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-07T08:30:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing hydrology and the importance of ground-water discharge in natural and constructed wetlands","docAbstract":"<p>Although considered the most important component for the establishment and persistence of wetlands, hydrology has been hard to characterize and linkages between hydrology and other environmental conditions are often poorly understood. In this work, methods for characterizing a wetland&rsquo;s hydrology from hydrographs were developed, and the importance of ground water to the physical and geochemical conditions in the root zone was investigated. Detailed sampling of nearly continuous hydrographs showed that sites with greater ground-water discharge had higher water tables and more stable hydrographs. Subsampling of the continuous hydrograph failed to characterize the sites correctly, even though the wetland complex is located in a strong regional ground-water-discharge area. By comparing soil-moisture-potential measurements to the water-table hydrograph at one site, we noted that the amount of root-zone saturation was not necessarily driven by the water-table hydrograph but can be a result of other soil parameters (i.e., soil texture and associated capillary fringe). Ground-water discharge was not a significant determinant of maximum or average temperatures in the root zone. High ground-water discharge was associated with earliest date of thaw and shortest period of time that the root zone was frozen, however. Finally, the direction and magnitude of shallow ground-water flow was found to affect the migration and importance of a geochemical species. Areas of higher ground-water discharge had less downward penetration of CO<sub>2</sub> generated in the root zone. In contrast, biotically derived CO<sub>2</sub> was able to penetrate the deeper ground-water system in areas of ground-water recharge. Although ground-water flows are difficult to characterize, understanding these components is critical to the success of wetland restoration and creation efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161777","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Walker, J.F., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 1999, Characterizing hydrology and the importance of ground-water discharge in natural and constructed wetlands: Wetlands, v. 19, no. 2, p. 458-472, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161777.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"458","endPage":"472","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Monroe County","otherGeospatial":"Kickapoo River, Wilton, Wilton wetland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.626220703125,\n              43.736623487867654\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.626220703125,\n              43.86200998554792\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4343032836914,\n              43.86200998554792\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4343032836914,\n              43.736623487867654\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.626220703125,\n              43.736623487867654\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56027bb5e4b03bc34f544805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073909,"text":"70073909 - 1999 - Coal-fired power generaion, new air quality regulations, and future U.S. coal production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-23T14:30:05","indexId":"70073909","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T14:24:11","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1541,"text":"Environmental Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coal-fired power generaion, new air quality regulations, and future U.S. coal production","docAbstract":"Tighter new regulation of stack gas emissions and competition in power generation are driving electrical utilities to demand cleaner, lower sulfur coal. Historical data on sulfur content of produced coals shows little variability in coal quality for individual mines and individual coal-producing counties over relatively long periods of time. If coal-using power generators follow the compliance patterns established in Phase I of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, then the industry's response to the tighter Phase II emissions standards will result in large amounts of coal production shifting from higher sulfur areas to areas with lower cost low sulfur coal. One reason this shift will likely occur is that currently only 30% of U.S. coal-fired electrical generating capacity is equipped with flue-gas scrubbers. In 1995, coal mines in the higher sulfur areas of the Illinois Basin and Northern and Central Appalachia employed 78% of all coal miners (>70,000 miners). A substantial geographical redistribution of the nation's coal supplies will likely lead to economic dislocations that will reach beyond local coal-producing areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and Root, D.H., 1999, Coal-fired power generaion, new air quality regulations, and future U.S. coal production: Environmental Geosciences, v. 6, no. 3, p. 139-145.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"145","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd51b0e4b0b290850f40d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Root, D. H.","contributorId":74019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224555,"text":"5224555 - 1999 - Fifty-eighth Christmas Bird Count. 166.  Ocean City, Md","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:41","indexId":"5224555","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fifty-eighth Christmas Bird Count. 166.  Ocean City, Md","docAbstract":"Gauging the impact of manipulative activities, such as rehabilitation or management, on wetlands requires having a notion of the unmanipulated condition as a reference.  An understanding of the reference condition requires knowledge of dominant factors influencing ecosystem processes and biological communities.  In this paper, we focus on  natural physical factors (conditions and processes) that drive coastal wetland ecosystems of the Laurentian Great Lakes.  Great Lakes coastal wetlands develop under conditions of large-lake hydrology and disturbance imposed at a hierarchy of spatial and temporal scales and contain biotic communities adapted to unstable and unpredictable conditions.  Coastal wetlands are configured along a continuum of hydrogeomorphic types: open coastal wetlands, drowned river mouth and flooded delta wetlands, and protected wetlands, each developing distinct ecosystem properties and biotic communities. Hydrogeomorphic factors associated with the lake and watershed operate at a hierarchy of scales: a) local and short-term (seiches and ice action), b) watershed / lakewide / annual (seasonal water- level change), and c) larger or year-to-year and longer ( regional and/or greater than one-year).  Other physical factors include the unique water quality features of each lake.  The aim of this paper is to provide scientists and managers with a framework for considering regional and site-specific geomorphometry and a hierarchy of physical processes in planning management and conservation projects.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1999, Fifty-eighth Christmas Bird Count. 166.  Ocean City, Md: Wetlands, v. 19, no. 4, p. 117-118.","productDescription":"821-834","startPage":"117","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d6e4b07f02db54920a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223929,"text":"5223929 - 1999 - Availability of nest cavity trees for wood ducks (Aix sponsa) at Sunkhaze Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5223929","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Availability of nest cavity trees for wood ducks (Aix sponsa) at Sunkhaze Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Maine","docAbstract":"The availability of natural cavities for cavitynesting waterfowl, especially wood ducks (Aix sponsa), was unknown ferating forest of Sunkhaze Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, ME.  An assessment of cavity availability was needed to determine if the existing nesting box program should be increased.  During November to March, 199697 and 199798, I sampled 56 onehalf ha random plots, stratified into 5 types (upland hardwood, upland conifer, upland mixwood, wetland conifer, and wetland hardwood) to assess availability of trees with cavities.  The predominant tree species with cavities were red maple (Acer rubrum; 39%) and aspen (Populus sp.; 31%); 72% of all trees with cavities were alive.  Density ees/plot averaged from 1.0 +0.4 (x +SE) in wetland softwoods to 1.9 +0.4 in upland hardwoods.  This low density of potential cavity trees and the small mean dbh (39.4 +1.6 cm) indicate a young forest with few suitable cavities.  Forested areas, especially hardwoods near canopy openings, need to be allowed to mature to increase the number and quality of future cavities.  An expanded nest box program seems justified.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clugston, D., 1999, Availability of nest cavity trees for wood ducks (Aix sponsa) at Sunkhaze Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Maine: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 6, no. 2, p. 133-138.","productDescription":"133-138","startPage":"133","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d622","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clugston, D.A.","contributorId":19657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clugston","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223853,"text":"5223853 - 1999 - Low abundance of microsatellite repeats in the genome of the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T13:36:33.604666","indexId":"5223853","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:53","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low abundance of microsatellite repeats in the genome of the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater)","docAbstract":"<p><span>A cosmid library made from brown-headed cowbird (</span><i>Molothrus ater</i><span>) DNA was examined for representation of 17 distinct microsatellite motifs including all possible mono-, di-, and trinucleotide microsatellites, and the tetranucleotide repeat (GATA)</span><sub><i>n</i></sub><span>. The overall density of microsatellites within cowbird DNA was found to be one repeat per 89 kb and the frequency of the most abundant motif, (AGC)</span><sub><i>n</i></sub><span>, was once every 382 kb. The abundance of microsatellites within the cowbird genome is estimated to be reduced approximately 15-fold compared to humans. The reduced frequency of microsatellites seen in this study is consistent with previous observations indicating reduced numbers of microsatellites and other interspersed repeats in avian DNA. In addition to providing new information concerning the abundance of microsatellites within an avian genome, these results provide useful insights for selecting cloning strategies that might be used in the development of locus-specific microsatellite markers for avian studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jhered/90.5.574","usgsCitation":"Longmire, J.L., Hahn, D., and Roach, J., 1999, Low abundance of microsatellite repeats in the genome of the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater): Journal of Heredity, v. 90, no. 5, p. 574-578, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/90.5.574.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"574","endPage":"578","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479386,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/90.5.574","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199465,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db6448ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longmire, Jonathan L.","contributorId":35845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Longmire","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hahn, D.C. 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":46447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roach, J.L.","contributorId":21253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223851,"text":"5223851 - 1999 - Contribution of research to management and recovery of the roseate tern: review of a twelve-year project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:41","indexId":"5223851","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:53","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contribution of research to management and recovery of the roseate tern: review of a twelve-year project","docAbstract":"The Northwest Atlantic population of the Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii) is largely confined to a small breeding area along the northeast coast of the USA between 40? and 42?N.  This population was listed as endangered in the USA in 1987 because it was dangerously concentrated into a few breeding sites (85% on two islands in the 1980s).  The nesting population in the area from Long Island, New York to Cape Cod, Massachusetts has been studied intensively since 1987, in conjunction with a program of management of the breeding colonies.  This paper summarizes the results of the research program and discusses the extent to which it has contributed to effective management. The regional population now numbers about 4,000 breeding pairs and has been increasing slowly since 1987, except between 1991 and 1992 when it declined by about 17%.  This decline was probably caused by Hurricane `Bob' in August 1991.  Roseate Terns have specialized foraging habits and are concentrated into a small number of foraging areas near the nesting colonies.  The historically important breeding sites were taken over by large gulls between 1930 and 1972.  Many of the terns moved to less suitable sites near the mainland, where they are subject to predation by mainland-based predators.  Despite this, Roseate Terns breed with high success at many sites.  The sex-ratio is skewed towards females; about 12% of nests are attended by female-female pairs.  The annual adult survival rate (0.83) is unusually low for a seabird.  Most mortality occurs away from the breeding grounds, but the winter quarters remained unknown until one roost site was found in Brazil in 1995-1997.  A major management goal has been to restore former colony-sites by eliminating nesting gulls, but the success of some of these projects has been questionable because they may have attracted birds to sites with higher levels of predation.  Although the research has yielded important information about the biology and demography of the species, it has taken longer than expected to obtain and analyze data from multiple sites on this long-lived species.  Most work has been carried out at breeding sites: critical studies on feeding ecology and winter ecology have been hampered by insufficient funding and the paucity of self-motivated biologists.  Hence, the program has not yet provided all the keys to restoring the population.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"5355_Nisbet.pdf","usgsCitation":"Nisbet, I., and Spendelow, J., 1999, Contribution of research to management and recovery of the roseate tern: review of a twelve-year project: Waterbirds, v. 22, no. 2, p. 239-252.","productDescription":"239-252","startPage":"239","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17497,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1522212","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":200355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691991","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nisbet, I.C.T.","contributorId":54942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nisbet","given":"I.C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spendelow, J. A. 0000-0001-8167-0898","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":72478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223870,"text":"5223870 - 1999 - Evaluation of mist-net sampling as an index to productivity in Kirtland's Warblers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T17:07:16","indexId":"5223870","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:53","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of mist-net sampling as an index to productivity in Kirtland's Warblers","docAbstract":"<p>Many applied and theoretical investigations require information on how productivity varies in time and space (Temple and Wiens 1989. DeSante 1995). Examples include studies of habitat quality, population trends, life-history tactics, and metapopulation dynamics. From a demographic perspective, productivity is the number of young counted at a given time of year, produced per adult (e.g. Caswell 1989). Various measures have been used to estimate productivity. One of the most attractive is mist netting during the summer after young have left the nest, but ideally before they have left the study area. Several programs use this approach, including the Constant Effort Sites Scheme of the British Trust for Ornithology (Baillie et al. 1986, Bibby et al. 1992) and the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) program (DeSante et al. 1993) in North America.</p><p>Hatching-year (HY) and after-hatching-year (AHY) birds are widely believed to have different susceptibilities to netting (DeSante et al. 1995, Peach et al. 1996), so the ratio of HY's to AHY's obtained from netting is not used as an estimate of productivity. Instead, investigators hope that the relative susceptibility to capture is about the same among the samples being compared so that the age ratios in mistnet samples provide a reliable index to productivity (DeSante 1995, DeSante et al. 1995).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089698","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Kepler, C., Sykes, P., and Bocetti, C.I., 1999, Evaluation of mist-net sampling as an index to productivity in Kirtland's Warblers: The Auk, v. 116, no. 4, p. 1147-1151, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089698.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1147","endPage":"1151","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bcd0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, J.","contributorId":76272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kepler, C.","contributorId":77627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sykes, P.","contributorId":35851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bocetti, Carol I.","contributorId":60343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bocetti","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223859,"text":"5223859 - 1999 - Program RDSURVIV: An estimation tool for capture-recapture data collected under Pollock's robust design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T01:02:47.527685","indexId":"5223859","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:53","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1052,"text":"Bird Study","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Program RDSURVIV: An estimation tool for capture-recapture data collected under Pollock's robust design","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several papers have demonstrated the advantages of collecting capture- recapture data using subsamples (i.e. Pollock's robust design). Compared with a standard design (i.e. one sample per period), this approach (1) permits the estimation of more demographic parameters and (2) in many cases produces more efficient estimators. Program SURVIV is a powerful tool for computing parameter estimates under the robust design. However, multinomial models developed for the robust design require cells for each possible capture history that occurs across the subsamples within a period. This makes the process of entering cell probabilities in SURVIV¸ very tedious and subject to errors. Program RDSURvIv combines SURVIV with a front end that converts capture histories taken under the robust design to the proper input format for estimating parameters under a general model, and builds that model. This model permits Markovian temporary emigration, trap response in capture probabilities and time variation in all parameters. Program RDSURVIV also automatically computes estimates under a series of submodels, but also permits the user to specify other submodels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00063659909477229","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W., and Hines, J., 1999, Program RDSURVIV: An estimation tool for capture-recapture data collected under Pollock's robust design: Bird Study, v. 46, no. S, p. S32-S38, https://doi.org/10.1080/00063659909477229.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"S32","endPage":"S38","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479387,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063659909477229","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db6517cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223856,"text":"5223856 - 1999 - COMDYN: Software to study the dynamics of animal communities using a capture-recapture approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T02:21:28.769637","indexId":"5223856","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:53","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1052,"text":"Bird Study","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"COMDYN: Software to study the dynamics of animal communities using a capture-recapture approach","docAbstract":"COMDYN is a set of programs developed for estimation of parameters associated with community dynamics using count data from two locations or time periods.  It is Internet-based, allowing remote users either to input their own data, or to use data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey for analysis.  COMDYN allows probability of detection to vary among species and among locations and time periods.  The basic estimator for species richness underlying all estimators is the jackknife estimator proposed by Burnham and Overton.  Estimators are presented for quantities associated with temporal change in species richness, including rate of change in species richness over time, local extinction probability, local species turnover and number of local colonizing species.  Estimators are also presented for quantities associated with spatial variation in species richness, including relative richness at two locations and proportion of species present in one location that are also present at a second location.  Application of the estimators to species richness estimation has been previously described and justified.  The potential applications of these programs are discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00063659909477247","usgsCitation":"Hines, J., Boulinier, T., Nichols, J., Sauer, J., and Pollock, K.H., 1999, COMDYN: Software to study the dynamics of animal communities using a capture-recapture approach: Bird Study, v. 46, no. S, p. S209-S217, https://doi.org/10.1080/00063659909477247.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"S209","endPage":"S217","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479395,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063659909477247","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199469,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"S","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boulinier, T.","contributorId":37845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulinier","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223828,"text":"5223828 - 1999 - Metal and sediment ingestion by dabbling ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-18T13:22:42.439264","indexId":"5223828","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:52","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal and sediment ingestion by dabbling ducks","docAbstract":"<p><span>The chemical analysis of intestinal&nbsp;digesta&nbsp;from hunter-killed carcasses or of wildlife scat is a promising means of estimating the exposure of wildlife to those environmental contaminants that, like lead, are poorly absorbed in the&nbsp;digestive tract. When evaluating contaminants at a site, biologists may find the results of this non-destructive approach more straightforward to interpret in terms of exposure to wildlife than would be analyses of soils, sediments, water, or wildlife tissues. To illustrate the approach, we collected digesta from 47 waterfowl shot by hunters at Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge, in Delaware, USA. The waterfowl digesta contained an average of approximately 2.4% sediment, estimated from the Al concentrations in the digesta, a marker for sediment. Al concentrations were significantly correlated with concentrations of Cr (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient,&nbsp;</span><i>r=</i><span>0.57), V (</span><i>r</i><span>=0.70), Ni (</span><i>r</i><span>=0.31), and Pb (</span><i>r</i><span>=0.55), and we concluded that these metals were ingested mainly with sediment. American widgeon (</span><i>Anas americana</i><span>) ingested sediment at a rate of about four times that of three other species of dabbling ducks (</span><span><i>Anas crecca</i></span><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>A. acuta</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>A. rubripes</i><span>) and had several times the exposure to the sediment-associated metals. The digesta of one American black duck contained a high concentration of lead (70 mg/kg, dry wt.), presumably from lead shot, but none of the other samples had notably elevated&nbsp;metal concentrations. We suggest that scat and digesta be analyzed more widely by biologists and resource managers seeking a simple, inexpensive assessment of contaminants in local wildlife habitat.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00098-4","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., Spann, J., and Day, D., 1999, Metal and sediment ingestion by dabbling ducks: Science of the Total Environment, v. 231, no. 2-3, p. 235-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00098-4.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200298,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"231","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f929e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spann, J.","contributorId":77901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day, D. 0000-0001-9070-7170","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-7170","contributorId":20298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223845,"text":"5223845 - 1999 - Density and habitat of breeding Swallow-tailed Kites in the lower Suwannee ecosystem, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5223845","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:52","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density and habitat of breeding Swallow-tailed Kites in the lower Suwannee ecosystem, Florida","docAbstract":"Historically the Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus) bred in the United States in at least 16 eastern states.  Currently it is restricted to seven southeastern states, with most of its breeding range in Florida.  Breeding Bird Surveys indicate a declining trend for this Neotropical migrant in most of Florida.  Using a rapid survey technique at the Lower Suwannee NWR on 25-27 Mar. 1997, we scanned for kites from 16 sampling stations above the forest canopy, using 10X binoculars for 45 min per station. An effective detection distance of 2.4 km provided almost complete coverage of kite habitat (excluding salt marsh) on the refuge (14,620 ha) and in a 1.6-km buffer (13,526 ha).  A mobile observation platform, extended to heights of 30-34 m provided an unobstructed view above the forest canopy where foraging bouts, feeding, courtship displays, and other activities by this species occur. This technique was found to be efficient in obtaining an estimate of potential breeding pairs. An estimated 19 breeding pairs were observed, with possibly five additional pairs, a density of at least one pair per 1173-1407 ha.  There was no opportunity to search for nests so we were unable to correlate number of active nests with the number of kites observed, and linear nature of study area might concentrate birds, including nonbreeders, so our density of kites may or may not be typical for other areas.  The refuge has a mosaic of 11 different habitats (7 forest types, freshwater and salt marshes, open water and urban/suburban) providing much linear edge to the matrix of different plant communities that range in height from less than 1 m to greater than 30 m.  Such structure provides quality habitat for Swallow-tailed Kites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., Kepler, C.B., Litzenberger, K., Sansing, H., Lewis, E., and Hatfield, J., 1999, Density and habitat of breeding Swallow-tailed Kites in the lower Suwannee ecosystem, Florida: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 70, no. 3, p. 321-336.","productDescription":"321-336","startPage":"321","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17447,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v070n03/p0321-p0336.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5b70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kepler, C. B.","contributorId":62548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"C.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Litzenberger, K.L.","contributorId":77269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litzenberger","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sansing, H.R.","contributorId":82027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sansing","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, E.T.R.","contributorId":47495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"E.T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223391,"text":"5223391 - 1999 - Aspects of chick growth in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:53","indexId":"5223391","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:51","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspects of chick growth in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia","docAbstract":"Because of concerns about apparent population declines and low productivity of Gull-billed Terns (Sterna nilotica) along the coast of Virginia, we investigated whether food limitations may result in retarded growth rates of young.  Several colonies of Gull-billed Terns were monitored from May to July each year from 1994 to 1996 on both sandy barrier islands and marsh/shellpile islands in coastal Virginia. Nests were visited one to three times a week to monitor clutch size and hatching success, and enclosures were installed around selected nests to monitor chick growth from hatching to at least two weeks of age. When comparing chick growth, we found significant year, habitat and hatch order effects.  Chicks from marsh shellpiles had higher mass and culmen growth rates than did those from barrier islands, and first-hatched (A) chicks had significantly higher culmen growth rates than did second-hatched (B) chicks.  Year effects were only found for mass growth rates. Growth rates of Gull- billed Terns in these Virginia colonies seem to be low relative to those of six other North American tern species from other geographic areas.  These findings suggest that growth rates of young Gull-billed Terns, as well as other reproductive parameters, need to be examined in detail in other coastal areas such as Texas, where the species is more abundant, to determine whether our growth results are species- or region-specific.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Eyler, T., Stotts, D.B., and Hatfield, J., 1999, Aspects of chick growth in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia: Waterbirds, v. 22, no. 1, p. 47-53.","productDescription":"47-53","startPage":"47","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17431,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1521992","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672bfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eyler, T.B.","contributorId":88453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eyler","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stotts, Daniel B.","contributorId":90003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stotts","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223392,"text":"5223392 - 1999 - Aspects of hatching success and chick survival in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:54","indexId":"5223392","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:51","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspects of hatching success and chick survival in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia","docAbstract":"Because of a long-term population decline in Gull-billed Terns (Sterna nilotica) nesting along the coast of Virginia, we began a three year study in 1994 to monitor hatching success and survival of Gull-billed Tern chicks at several Virginia colony sites.  Colonies were located on either small, storm-deposited shellpiles along marsh fringes or large, sandshell overwash fans of barrier islands.  Nests were monitored one to three times a week for hatching success, and enclosures were installed around selected nests to monitor chick survival from hatching to about two weeks of age.  Hatching success was lower in marsh colonies than island colonies, and was lower in 1995 than in 1994 and 1996, primarily because of flooding.  The average brood size of nests where at least one chick hatched was 1.99 chicks.  Survival rates of chicks to 14 days depended on hatch order and year but not brood size (one vs. two or more) or time of season.  A-chicks had higher survival rates than B-chicks and third-hatched C-chicks (0.661 compared to 0.442 and 0.357, respectively).  The year effect was significant only for A-chicks, with lower survival in 1994 (0.50) than in 1995 (0.765) or 1996 (0.758).  Overall, productivity was low (0.53 chick per nest) compared to estimates for colonies in Denmark, and was attributable to nest flooding by spring and storm-driven high tides and chick predation, presumably mostly by Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus).  ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Eyler, T., Erwin, R., Stotts, D.B., and Hatfield, J., 1999, Aspects of hatching success and chick survival in Gull-billed Terns in coastal Virginia: Waterbirds, v. 22, no. 1, p. 54-59.","productDescription":"54-59","startPage":"54","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17430,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1521993","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eyler, T.B.","contributorId":88453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eyler","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stotts, Daniel B.","contributorId":90003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stotts","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223394,"text":"5223394 - 1999 - Modeling pattern in collections of parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-26T12:12:04.067853","indexId":"5223394","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:51","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling pattern in collections of parameters","docAbstract":"Wildlife management is increasingly guided by analyses of large and complex datasets.  The description of such datasets often requires a large number of parameters, among which certain patterns might be discernible.  For example, one may consider a long-term study producing estimates of annual survival rates; of interest is the question whether these rates have declined through time.  Several statistical methods exist for examining pattern in collections of parameters.  Here, I argue for the superiority of  'random effects models' in which parameters are regarded as random variables, with distributions governed by 'hyperparameters' describing the patterns of interest.  Unfortunately, implementation of random effects models is sometimes difficult.  Ultrastructural models, in which the postulated pattern is built into the parameter structure of the original data analysis, are approximations to random effects models.  However, this approximation is not completely satisfactory: failure to account for natural variation among parameters can lead to overstatement of the evidence for pattern among parameters.  I describe quasi-likelihood methods that can be used to improve the approximation of random effects models by ultrastructural models.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802817 •","usgsCitation":"Link, W., 1999, Modeling pattern in collections of parameters: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 63, no. 3, p. 1017-1027, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802817 •.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1017","endPage":"1027","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69981c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223333,"text":"5223333 - 1999 - Identification, inheritance, and linkage of B-G-like and MHC class I genes in cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T13:38:32.58036","indexId":"5223333","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:49","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification, inheritance, and linkage of B-G-like and MHC class I genes in cranes","docAbstract":"<p><span>We identified&nbsp;</span><i>B-G</i><span>-like genes in the whooping and Florida sandhill cranes and linked them to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). We evaluated the inheritance of&nbsp;</span><i>B-G</i><span>-like genes in families of whooping and Florida sandhill cranes using restriction fragment patterns (RFPs). Two&nbsp;</span><i>B-G</i><span>-like genes, designated&nbsp;</span><i>wcbg1</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>wcbg2</i><span>, were located within 8 kb of one another. The fully sequenced&nbsp;</span><i>wcbg2</i><span>&nbsp;gene encodes a&nbsp;</span><i>B-G</i><span>-IgV-like domain, an additional Ig-like domain, a transmembrane domain, and a single heptad domain typical of α-helical coiled coils. Patterns of restriction fragments in DNA from the whooping crane and from a number of other species indicate that the&nbsp;</span><i>B-G</i><span>-like gene families of cranes are large with diverse sequences. Segregation of RFPs in families of Florida sandhill cranes provide evidence for genetic polymorphism in the&nbsp;</span><i>B-G</i><span>-like genes. The restriction fragments generally segregated in concert with MHC haplotypes assigned by serological typing and by single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) assays based in the second exon of the crane MHC class I genes. This study supports the concept of a long-term association of polymorphic&nbsp;</span><i>B-G</i><span>-like genes with MHC. It also establishes SSCP as a means for evaluating MHC genetic variability in cranes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jhered/90.1.152","usgsCitation":"Jarvi, S., Goto, R., Gee, G., Briles, W., and Miller, M., 1999, Identification, inheritance, and linkage of B-G-like and MHC class I genes in cranes: Journal of Heredity, v. 90, no. 1, p. 152-159, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/90.1.152.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201748,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c768","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvi, S.I.","contributorId":60341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvi","given":"S.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goto, R.M.","contributorId":13347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goto","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briles, W.E.","contributorId":34614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briles","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, M.M.","contributorId":24048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223850,"text":"5223850 - 1999 - Abundance and reproduction of songbirds in burned and unburned pine forests of the Georgia Piedmont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5223850","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance and reproduction of songbirds in burned and unburned pine forests of the Georgia Piedmont","docAbstract":"We studied the abundance and productivity of songbirds in prescribed burned and unburned mature (>60 yr) pine forests at Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge, Georgia, during 1993-1995.  We estimated species abundance, richness, and evenness using data from 312 point counts in 18 burned sites and six unburned sites.  We measured gross habitat features in 0.04-ha circles centered on each point count station.  We calculated productivity estimates at nests of seven of the most common nesting species.  Habitat components we measured in 1-, 2-, and 3-yr post-burn sites were similar, but most components differed between burned and unburned sites.  Although 98 species were detected during point counts, we report only on the 46 species that nested in the area and were detected >10% of the counts in either habitat class.  Twenty-one species preferred burned sites and six preferred unburned sites.  Avian species richness and evenness were similar for burned and unburned sites. Burned sites were preferred for nesting over unburned sites.  Only nine nests of six species were found in unburned sites.  Productivity estimates were low in burned sites.  One or more eggs hatched in only 59 of 187 nests monitored, and an average of only 0.82 chicks per nest were estimated to have fledged.  Predation was the most common probable cause for nest failure, ranging from 45% in the Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) to 64% in the Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra).  Because the sources of predation at the refuge are unknown, future research should address this issue.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., Chapman, B., Brunjes, J., Raftovich, R., and Seginak, J., 1999, Abundance and reproduction of songbirds in burned and unburned pine forests of the Georgia Piedmont: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 70, no. 3, p. 414-424.","productDescription":"414-424","startPage":"414","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16987,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v070n03/p0414-p0424.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, B.R.","contributorId":56762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brunjes, J.H. IV","contributorId":32269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunjes","given":"J.H.","suffix":"IV","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raftovich, R.V. Jr.","contributorId":59914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raftovich","given":"R.V.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seginak, J.T.","contributorId":100783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seginak","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223878,"text":"5223878 - 1999 - Fifty-eighth Christmas Bird Count. 166.  Ocean City, Md","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:41","indexId":"5223878","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:13:06","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fifty-eighth Christmas Bird Count. 166.  Ocean City, Md","docAbstract":"Gauging the impact of manipulative activities, such as rehabilitation or management, on wetlands requires having a notion of the unmanipulated condition as a reference.  An understanding of the reference condition requires knowledge of dominant factors influencing ecosystem processes and biological communities.  In this paper, we focus on  natural physical factors (conditions and processes) that drive coastal wetland ecosystems of the Laurentian Great Lakes.  Great Lakes coastal wetlands develop under conditions of large-lake hydrology and disturbance imposed at a hierarchy of spatial and temporal scales and contain biotic communities adapted to unstable and unpredictable conditions.  Coastal wetlands are configured along a continuum of hydrogeomorphic types: open coastal wetlands, drowned river mouth and flooded delta wetlands, and protected wetlands, each developing distinct ecosystem properties and biotic communities. Hydrogeomorphic factors associated with the lake and watershed operate at a hierarchy of scales: a) local and short-term (seiches and ice action), b) watershed / lakewide / annual (seasonal water- level change), and c) larger or year-to-year and longer ( regional and/or greater than one-year).  Other physical factors include the unique water quality features of each lake.  The aim of this paper is to provide scientists and managers with a framework for considering regional and site-specific geomorphometry and a hierarchy of physical processes in planning management and conservation projects.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Keough, J., Thompson, T., Guntenspergen, G., and Wilcox, D., 1999, Fifty-eighth Christmas Bird Count. 166.  Ocean City, Md: Wetlands, v. 19, no. 4, p. 821-834.","startPage":"821","endPage":"834","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d5e4b07f02db54905c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keough, J.R.","contributorId":87880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keough","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, T.A.","contributorId":73226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223334,"text":"5223334 - 1999 - Toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T15:12:49","indexId":"5223334","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallards","docAbstract":"<p>Because consumption of lead-contaminated sediment has been suspected as the cause of waterfowl mortality in the Coeur d?Alene River basin in Idaho, we studied the bioavailability and toxicity of this sediment to mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). In experiment 1, one of 10 adult male mallards died when fed a pelleted commercial duck diet that contained 24% lead-contaminated sediment (with 3,400 &mu;g/g lead in the sediment). Protoporphyrin levels in the blood increased as the percentage of lead-contaminated sediment in the diet increased. Birds fed 24% lead-contaminated sediment exhibited atrophy of the breast muscles, green staining of the feathers around the vent, viscous bile, green staining of the gizzard lining, and renal tubular intranuclear inclusion bodies. Mallards fed 24% lead-contaminated sediment had means of 6.1 &mu;g/g of lead in the blood and 28 &mu;g/g in the liver (wet-weight basis) and 1,660 &mu;g/g in the feces (dry-weight basis). In experiment 2, we raised the dietary concentration of the lead-contaminated sediment to 48%, but only about 20% sediment was actually ingested due to food washing by the birds. Protoporphyrin levels were elevated in the lead-exposed birds, and all of the mallards fed 48% lead-contaminated sediment had renal tubular intranuclear inclusion bodies. The concentrations of lead in the liver were 9.1 &mu;g/g for mallards fed 24% lead-contaminated sediment and 16 &mu;g/g for mallards fed 48% lead-contaminated sediment. In experiment 3, four of five mallards died when fed a ground corn diet containing 24% lead-contaminated sediment (with 4,000 &mu;g/g lead in this sample of sediment), but none died when the 24% lead-contaminated sediment was mixed into a nutritionally balanced commercial duck diet; estimated actual ingestion rates for sediment were 14% and 17% for the corn and commercial diets. Lead exposure caused elevations in protoporphyrin, and four of the five mallards fed 24% lead-contaminated sediment in a commercial diet and all five fed the contaminated sediment in a corn diet had renal intranuclear inclusion bodies. Lead was higher in the livers of mallards fed 24% lead-contaminated sediment in the corn diet (38 &mu;g/g) than in the commercial diet (13 &mu;g/g).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900478","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., Hoffman, D.J., Sileo, L., Audet, D., and LeCaptain, L.J., 1999, Toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallards: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 323-333, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900478.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States of America","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.04010009765625,\n              47.98992166741417\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57318115234375,\n              48.1789071002632\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.34521484375001,\n              48.17524408990215\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.07604980468749,\n              48.09275716032736\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.80413818359375,\n              47.98808345357488\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.66955566406249,\n              47.88503897004144\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.54046630859375,\n              47.522765270504436\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.5377197265625,\n              47.39834920035926\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.6036376953125,\n              47.28854494625744\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.86181640625001,\n              47.12995075666307\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.0101318359375,\n              47.03082254778662\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.15295410156249,\n              46.976504510552\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.48254394531249,\n              46.961510504873075\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.92199707031249,\n              46.991494313050424\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.9879150390625,\n              47.06638028321398\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.01812744140625,\n              47.16357498846737\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04284667968749,\n              47.26991141830741\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.05657958984375,\n              47.76148371616669\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04010009765625,\n              47.98992166741417\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db54562f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Audet, D. J.","contributorId":38949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Audet","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LeCaptain, L. J.","contributorId":91056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCaptain","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021561,"text":"70021561 - 1999 - Foraminiferal faunal estimates of paleotemperature: Circumventing the no-analog problem yields cool ice age tropics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-17T15:11:56.513201","indexId":"70021561","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5790,"text":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraminiferal faunal estimates of paleotemperature: Circumventing the no-analog problem yields cool ice age tropics","docAbstract":"<p><span>The sensitivity of the tropics to climate change, particularly the amplitude of glacial-to-interglacial changes in sea surface temperature (SST), is one of the great controversies in paleoclimatology. Here we reassess faunal estimates of ice age SSTs, focusing on the problem of no-analog planktonic foraminiferal assemblages in the equatorial oceans that confounds both classical transfer function and modern analog methods. A new calibration strategy developed here, which uses past variability of species to define robust faunal assemblages, solves the no-analog problem and reveals ice age cooling of 5° to 6°C in the equatorial current systems of the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. Classical transfer functions underestimated temperature changes in some areas of the tropical oceans because core-top assemblages misrepresented the ice age faunal assemblages. Our finding is consistent with some geochemical estimates and model predictions of greater ice age cooling in the tropics than was inferred by Climate: Long-Range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction (</span><i>CLIMAP</i><span>) [1981] and thus may help to resolve a long-standing controversy. Our new foraminiferal transfer function suggests that such cooling was limited to the equatorial current systems, however, and supports CLIMAP's inference of stability of the subtropical gyre centers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999PA900012","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Mix, A., Morey, A., Pisias, N.G., and Hostetler, S.W., 1999, Foraminiferal faunal estimates of paleotemperature: Circumventing the no-analog problem yields cool ice age tropics: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 14, no. 3, p. 350-359, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA900012.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"350","endPage":"359","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502556,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":229070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a130ae4b0c8380cd544c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mix, A.C.","contributorId":31139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mix","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morey, A.E.","contributorId":57227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morey","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pisias, N. G.","contributorId":93640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pisias","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25479,"text":"wri974260 - 1999 - Environmental setting and natural factors and human influences affecting water quality in the White River Basin, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T16:02:03","indexId":"wri974260","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4260","title":"Environmental setting and natural factors and human influences affecting water quality in the White River Basin, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The White River Basin drains 11,349 square miles of central and southern Indiana and is one of 59 Study Units selected for water-quality assessment as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National WaterQuality Assessment Program. Defining the environmental setting of the basin and identifying the natural factors and human influences that affect water quality are important parts of the assessment.</p>\n<p>Interrelated natural factors help determine the quality of surface and ground water in a river basin. The White River Basin has a humid continental climate, characterized by well-defined winter and summer seasons. Geologic features in the basin include glaciated and nonglaciated areas; a region of karst geomorphology that is characterized by caves and sinkholes; and a thick, sedimentary bedrock sequence underlying the entire basin. Unconsolidated glacial deposits of clay, silt, sand and gravel cover more than 60 percent of the basin. Soils developed in unconsolidated glacial deposits are typically fertile, naturally or artificially well drained, and farmed. Soils in the unglaciated south-central part of the basin are thin, have low fertility, and are best suited for forest or pasture.</p>\n<p>Agriculture is the principal land use in the White River Basin. Approximately 70 percent of the basin is used for agriculture, and about 50 percent of the basin is cropland. Corn and soybeans are the major crops. Other significant land uses are forest (22 percent) and urban and residential (7 percent). The population of the basin was 2.1 million in 1990. Water use in the White River Basin totaled 1,284 million gallons per day in 1995, of which 84.5 percent was surface water and 15.5 percent was ground water. Despite the predominant use of surface water, ground water was the primary source of drinking water for approximately 56 percent of the population.</p>\n<p>The general water chemistry in the White River Basin is determined by natural factors such as soils and geologic materials that water contacts as it moves through the hydrologic system. In the southern part of the basin, bedrock upland areas are dominated by non-carbonate bedrock, thin soils, and high runoff-rainfall ratios. These areas have small chemical concentrations in streamwater. Conversely, in the northern part of the basin where glacial deposits are thick and in the southwestern part of the basin where loess deposits are thick, water has longer periods of time to react with soils and aquifers and to acquire substantial quantities of dissolved constituents. As a result, streams in the till plain and glacial lowland have higher concentrations of most constituents than streams in the unglaciated parts of the basin. Water quality is significantly modified by human influences. Water quality is affected locally by point sources of contamination that include combined-sewer overflows, power-generation-plant cooling stations, and wastewater-treatment-plant effluents that are&nbsp;generally associated with densely populated areas. Water quality is additionally affected by non-point sources of contamination related to agriculture, urban runoff, and mining.</p>\n<p>Six hydrogeomorphic regions of the White River Basin are delineated on the basis of distinct and relatively homogeneous natural characteristics. These six regions are used in the White River Basin study as a framework for examining the effects of natural factors on water quality in the basin. Bedrock is exposed or near the surface in three hydrogeomorphic regions the bedrock uplands, bedrock lowland and plain, and karst plain; streams and shallow aquifers in these regions are susceptible to contamination, especially in the karst plain, and show rapid response to rainfall. The other three hydrogeomorphic regions the fluvial deposits, till plain, and glacial lowland are in the glaciated part of the basin. Where thick fine-grained unconsolidated sediments are present, primarily in the till plain, ground-water supplies are protected from contamination, and extreme high and low streamflows are moderated.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, Indiana","doi":"10.3133/wri974260","usgsCitation":"Schnoebelen, D.J., Fenelon, J.M., Baker, N.T., Martin, J.D., Bayless, E.R., Jacques, D.V., and Crawford, C.G., 1999, Environmental setting and natural factors and human influences affecting water quality in the White River Basin, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4260, viii, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974260.","productDescription":"viii, 66 p.","numberOfPages":"75","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment 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,{"id":28472,"text":"wri994104 - 1999 - Hydrogeology, water use, and simulation of flow in the High Plains aquifer in northwestern Oklahoma, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, northeastern New Mexico, and northwestern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri994104","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4104","title":"Hydrogeology, water use, and simulation of flow in the High Plains aquifer in northwestern Oklahoma, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, northeastern New Mexico, and northwestern Texas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, began a three-year study of the High Plains aquifer in northwestern Oklahoma in 1996. The primary purpose of this study was to develop a ground-water flow model to provide the Water Board with the information it needs to manage the quantity of water withdrawn from the aquifer. The study area consists of about 7,100 square miles in Oklahoma and about 20,800 square miles in adjacent states to provide appropriate hydrologic boundaries for the flow model.\r\n\r\nThe High Plains aquifer includes all sediments from the base of the Ogallala Formation to the potentiometric surface. The saturated thickness in Oklahoma ranges from more than 400 feet to less than 50 feet. Natural recharge to the aquifer from precipitation occurs throughout the area but is extremely variable. Dryland agricultural practices appear to enhance recharge from precipitation, and part of the water pumped for irrigation also recharges the aquifer. Natural discharge occurs as discharge to streams, evapotranspiration where the depth to water is shallow, and diffuse ground-water flow across the eastern boundary. Artificial discharge occurs as discharge to wells.\r\n\r\nIrrigation accounted for 96 percent of all use of water from the High Plains aquifer in the Oklahoma portion of the study area in 1992 and 93 percent in 1997. Total estimated water use in 1992 for the Oklahoma portion of the study area was 396,000 acre-feet and was about 3.2 million acre-feet for the entire study area.\r\n\r\nSince development of the aquifer, water levels have declined more than 100 feet in small areas of Texas County, Oklahoma, and more than 50 feet in areas of Cimarron County. Only a small area of Beaver County had declines of more than 10 feet, and Ellis County had rises of more than 10 feet.\r\n\r\nA flow model constructed using the MODFLOW computer code had 21,073 active cells in one layer and had a 6,000- foot grid in both the north-south and east-west directions. The model was used to simulate the period before major development of the aquifer and the period of development. The model was calibrated using observed conditions available as of 1998.\r\n\r\nThe predevelopment-period model integrated data or estimates on the base of aquifer, hydraulic conductivity, streambed and drain conductances, and recharge from precipitation to calculate the predevelopment altitude of the water table, discharge to the rivers and streams, and other discharges. Hydraulic conductivity, recharge, and streambed conductance were varied during calibration so that the model produced a reasonable representation of the observed water table altitude and the estimated discharge to streams. Hydraulic conductivity was reduced in the area of salt dissolution in underlying Permianage rocks. Recharge from precipitation was estimated to be 4.0 percent of precipitation in greater recharge zones and 0.37 percent in lesser recharge zones. Within Oklahoma, the mean difference between water levels simulated by the model and measured water levels at 86 observation points is -2.8 feet, the mean absolute difference is 44.1 feet, and the root mean square difference is 52.0 feet. The simulated discharge is much larger than the estimated discharge for the Beaver River, is somewhat larger for Cimarron River and Wolf Creek, and is about the same for Crooked Creek.\r\n\r\nThe development-period model added specific yield, pumpage, and recharge due to irrigation and dryland cultivation to simulate the period 1946 through 1997. During calibration, estimated specific yield was reduced by 15 percent in Oklahoma east of the Cimarron-Texas County line. Simulated recharge due to irrigation ranges from 24 percent for the 1940s and 1950s to 2 percent for the 1990s. Estimated recharge due to dryland cultivation is about 3.9 percent of precipitation. The mean difference between the simulated and observed waterlevel changes from predevelopment to 1998 at 162 observation points in","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994104","usgsCitation":"Luckey, R., and Becker, M.F., 1999, Hydrogeology, water use, and simulation of flow in the High Plains aquifer in northwestern Oklahoma, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, northeastern New Mexico, and northwestern Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4104, v, 68 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994104.","productDescription":"v, 68 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2315,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db61476d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luckey, Richard L.","contributorId":82359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"Richard L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Mark F.","contributorId":40180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70094644,"text":"70094644 - 1999 - Ups and downs in planetary science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T15:54:14.085157","indexId":"70094644","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T10:55:16","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":806,"text":"Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ups and downs in planetary science","docAbstract":"The field of planetary science as it developed during the lifetimes of Gene and Carolyn Shoemaker has sustained a period of exciting growth. Surveying the skies for planet-crossing asteroids and comets and studying the results of their impact upon the planets, especially the Earth, was for Gene and Carolyn an intense and satisfying quest for knowledge. It all started when Gene envisioned man going to the Moon, especially himself. After that, one thing led to another: the study of nuclear craters and a comparison with Meteor Crater, Arizona; the Apollo project and a succession of unmanned space missions to the inner and outer planets; an awareness of cratering throughout our solar system; the search for near-Earth asteroids and comets; a study of ancient craters in Australia; and the impact of Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter. The new paradigm of impact cratering as a cause for mass extinction and the opening of space for the development of new life forms have been causes to champion.","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews Inc.","publisherLocation":"Palo Alto, CA","doi":"10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.1","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, C.S., 1999, Ups and downs in planetary science: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 27, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7a5ce4b0b2908510d702","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, Carolyn S.","contributorId":39290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208522,"text":"70208522 - 1999 - Interaction of soil moisture and seedling shelters on water relations of baldcypress seedlings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-14T06:36:55","indexId":"70208522","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-31T09:45:52","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Interaction of soil moisture and seedling shelters on water relations of baldcypress seedlings","docAbstract":"<p><span>Stomata1 conductance, transpiration, and leaf water potential were measured during the 1996 growing season on baldcypress (</span><i>Taxodium disfichum<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>(L.) Rich.) seedlings. Seedlings were hand-planted from 1-O bareroot stock in mesic and permanently Rooded soil conditions. One-half of all seedlings were fitted with 122-cm tall polyethylene tree shelters, Seedlings were planted 1 year before the initiation of plant water relation measurements. The study was located within the boundary of the Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant, Kamack, TX. The objective of the research was to study the feasibility of artificially regenerating baldcypress along the shores of Caddo Lake. Stomata1 conductance and transpiration were consistently higher in seedlings planted in mesic soils versus seedlings planted in permanently flooded soils. Seedlings fitted with shelters regularly had higher stomatal conductance and transpiration then seedlings without shelters. Leaf water potential showed little consistency among treatments.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the tenth biennial southern silvicultural research conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Tenth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference","conferenceDate":"Feb 16-19, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Shreveport, LA","language":"English","publisher":"USDA","usgsCitation":"Swirin, T., Williams, H., and Keeland, B., 1999, Interaction of soil moisture and seedling shelters on water relations of baldcypress seedlings, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the tenth biennial southern silvicultural research conference, Shreveport, LA, Feb 16-19, 1999, p. 190-194.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"194","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_swirin001.pdf"},{"id":372319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Caddo Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.16862487792969,\n              32.66394549864635\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.90701293945312,\n              32.66394549864635\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.90701293945312,\n              32.820460431082466\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.16862487792969,\n              32.820460431082466\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.16862487792969,\n              32.66394549864635\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swirin, Ty","contributorId":222483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swirin","given":"Ty","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Hans","contributorId":218054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Hans","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeland, Bob","contributorId":218479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keeland","given":"Bob","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":782281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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