Increased emphasis on evaluation of nonpoint-source pollution has intensified the need for techniques that can be used to discern the toxicological effects of complex chemical mixtures. In response, the use of biological assessment techniques is receiving increased regulatory emphasis. When applied with documented habitat assessment and chemical analysis, these techniques can increase our understanding of the influence of environmental contaminants on the biological integrity and ecological function of aquatic communities.
The contaminants of greatest potential concern in highway runoff are those that arise from highway construction, maintenance, and use. The major contaminants of interest are deicers; nutrients; metals; petroleum-related organic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE); sediment washed off the road surface; and agricultural chemicals used in highway maintenance.
Hundreds, if not thousands, of biological endpoints (measurable responses of living organisms) may be either directly or associatively affected by contaminant exposure. Measurable effects can occur throughout ecosystem processes across the wide range of biological complexity, ranging from responses at the biochemical level to the community level.
The challenge to the environmental scientist is to develop an understanding of the relationship of effects at various levels of biological organization in order to determine whether a causal relationship exists between chemical exposure and substantial ecological impairment. This report provides a brief history of the evolution of biological assessment techniques, a description of the major classes of contaminants that are of particular interest in highway runoff, an overview of representative biological assessment techniques, and a discussion of data-quality considerations.
Published reports with a focus on the effects of highway runoff on the local ecosystem were reviewed to provide information on (1) the suitability of the existing data for a quantitative national synthesis, (2) the methods available to study the effects of highway runoff on local ecosystems, and (3) the potential for adverse effects on the roadside environment and receiving waters. Although many biological studies have been done, the use of different methods and a general lack of sufficient documentation precludes a quantitative national synthesis on the basis of the existing data. The Federal Highway Administration, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality, and the National Resources Conservation Service all have developed and documented methods for assessing the effects of contaminants on ecosystems in receiving waters. These published methods can be used to formulate a set of protocols to provide consistent information from highway-runoff studies.
Review of the literature indicates (qualitatively) that highway runoff (even from highways with high traffic volume) may not usually be acutely toxic. Tissue analysis and community assessments, however, indicate effects from highway- runoff sediments near discharge points (even from sites near highways with relatively low traffic volumes). At many sites, elevated concentrations of highway-runoff constituents were measured in tissues of species associated with aquatic sediments. Community assessments also indicate decreases in the diversity and productivity of aquatic ecosystems at some sites receiving highway runoff. These results are not definitive, however, and depend on many site-specific criteria that were not sufficiently documented in most of the studies reviewed.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98427","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Cross, V., and Schwab, W.C., 1999, Digital sidescan-sonar imagery of the Manchas Interiores-Manchas Exteriores coral reef complex, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-427, HTML Document: CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98427.","productDescription":"HTML Document: CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1542,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-427/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333316,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0427/ofr98427.zip","text":"Disc","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":389036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22667.htm"},{"id":155704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Manchas Interiors - Manchas Exteriores coal reef complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.23838806152344,\n 18.19412983463666\n ],\n [\n -67.17933654785156,\n 18.19412983463666\n ],\n [\n -67.17933654785156,\n 18.2743462162743\n ],\n [\n -67.23838806152344,\n 18.2743462162743\n ],\n [\n -67.23838806152344,\n 18.19412983463666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a6a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, VeeAnn","contributorId":54237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"VeeAnn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23543,"text":"ofr99232 - 1999 - Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23543,"text":"ofr99232 - 1999 - Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","indexId":"ofr99232","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2020,"text":"wsp2465C - 1999 - Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","indexId":"wsp2465C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2020,"text":"wsp2465C - 1999 - Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","indexId":"wsp2465C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-26T22:33:58.011948","indexId":"ofr99232","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-232","title":"Sources and transport of phosphorus and nitrogen during low-flow conditions in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-93","docAbstract":"In the 1980s significant nutrient-related water-quality problems that impacted beneficial uses were identified in the Tualatin River during the low-flow summer months, defined as .May 1 to October 31. Unsightly algal blooms resulted in fluctuations in oxygen concentrations and pH conditions; reduction of phosphorus concentrations was determined to the effective control mechanism for these conditions. Elevated ammonia concentrations also contributed to low oxygen concentrations. Because standards for beneficial uses were not being met, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality established Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for phosphorus and ammonia in the Tualatin Basin, as required by the Clean Water Act. To provide necessary context for the TMDL process, data were collected during the period 1991-93 to characterize the sources and transport of water, phosphorus, and major forms of nitrogen in the main-stem Tualatin River during the summer. A significant source of water to the river was not accounted for by surface-water inputs, and was consistent with direct discharge of ground water to the main-stem river channel. Ground water is also the primary source of water for the tributaries during the summer low-flow season. Because large natural supplies of highly mobile phosphorus exist in the upper 500 feet of valley-fill sediments throughout the Tualatin Basin, ground water in the basin is naturally enriched with phosphorus. While improvement in wastewater treatment efficiencies and land management practices have resulted in significant reductions in nutrient concentrations in the Tualatin River, phosphorus concentrations continue to exceed TMDL criterion concentrations. The presence of significant geologic sources of phosphorus in the basin will confound the achievement of current TMDL criteria for phosphorus in the Tualatin River and its tributaries. In contrast, natural sources of all forms of nitrogen to the Tualatin River are insignificant relative to the effluent from the wastewater treatment plants in the basin. Efficient wastewater treatment is, therefore, an effective means for controlling ammonia concentrations in the main-stem river.
The Grand Portage Reservation is located in northeastern Cook County, Minnesota (fig. 1). In 1997 and 1998 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a study, in cooperation with the Grand Portage Band of Chippewa, to determine the quality of water in selected inland lakes and streams in the Reservation. The USGS collected and analyzed water from two streams, two wetlands, and four lakes (fig 1). Water samples were collected in the spring and fall of 1997 and 1998. In addition, samples of bottom sediments were collected from two of the four lakes in 1998.
\nThe purpose of this report is to present the data collected by the USGS from the study during 1997-98. Water-quality data include temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, and concentrations of major ions, nutrients, and trace metals. Lake sediment data include concentrations of trace metals and selected organic compounds.
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What critical areas, elements, and special outdoor places are essential to quality of life in those areas? Answering these questions was the goal of this \"quality-of-life\" research collaboration in the Colorado Plateau region. Collaborators include the Utah Travel Council (UTC), Canyon Country Partnership, Utah State University, and the county governments of Carbon, Emery, Grand, San Juan, and Wayne counties.
\nIn recent years, the goal of the UTC has changed from simply encouraging tourism development to understanding the relationship between tourism and community quality of life. Elements of the new UTC mission include: “make Utah a better place to live by increasing the economic contribution of tourism,” and “protect base resources and maintain quality of life for residents and visitors alike” (Utah Division of Travel Development, 1997). The Social, Economic, and Institutional Analysis Section [SEIAS]/ Midcontinent Ecological Science Center/U.S. Geological Survey conducted this research in late spring through winter of 1997 in an effort to answer those questions posed by the collaboration. This report provides an overview of the research and presents summary results.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001478","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J.G., Reis-Ruehrwein, J.B., Sexton, N.R., and Blahna, D.J., 1999, Quality of life on the Colorado Plateau: A report to camera-survey collaborators in southeast Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-478, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001478.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2001478.PNG"},{"id":320308,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0478/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Carbon County, Emery County, Grand County, San Juan County, Wayne County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.039306640625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -111.3629150390625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -111.1541748046875,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -110.950927734375,\n 37.14718209972378\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 37.322120359451766\n ],\n [\n -110.72021484375,\n 37.474858084971046\n ],\n [\n -110.5499267578125,\n 37.64468458716586\n ],\n [\n -110.42358398437499,\n 37.81846319511331\n ],\n [\n -110.379638671875,\n 37.92253448828906\n ],\n [\n -110.401611328125,\n 38.02213147353745\n ],\n [\n -110.41259765625,\n 38.07187927827001\n ],\n [\n -111.85455322265625,\n 38.06106741381199\n ],\n [\n -111.87377929687499,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -111.77764892578125,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -111.2750244140625,\n 38.518086303163024\n ],\n [\n -111.2750244140625,\n 39.75365697136308\n ],\n [\n -109.95941162109375,\n 39.74943369178247\n ],\n [\n -110.00335693359375,\n 39.65011210186371\n ],\n [\n -110.03356933593749,\n 39.52946653645165\n ],\n [\n -110.02532958984374,\n 39.459523110465156\n ],\n [\n -109.0557861328125,\n 39.459523110465156\n ],\n [\n -109.039306640625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6551e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Jonathan G.","contributorId":37378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reis-Ruehrwein, Jessica B.","contributorId":34560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reis-Ruehrwein","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blahna, Dale J.","contributorId":97156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blahna","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22883,"text":"ofr99386 - 1999 - Digital mapping techniques '99 -- workshop proceedings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-01T09:15:37","indexId":"ofr99386","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-386","title":"Digital mapping techniques '99 -- workshop proceedings","docAbstract":"The Digital Mapping Techniques '99 (DMT'99) workshop was attended by 91 technical experts from 42 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 30 state geological surveys (see Appendix A). This workshop was similar in nature to the first two meetings, held in June, 1997, in Lawrence, Kansas (Soller, 1997), and in May, 1998, in Champaign, Illinois (Soller, 1998a). This year's meeting was hosted by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, from May 19 to 22, 1999, on the University of Wisconsin campus in Madison. As in the previous meetings, the objective was to foster informal discussion and exchange of technical information. When, based on discussions at the workshop, an attendee adopts or modifies a newly learned technique, the workshop clearly has met that objective. Evidence of learning and cooperation among participating agencies continued to be a highlight of the DMT workshops (see example in Soller, 1998b, and various papers in this volume).
The meeting's general goal was to help move the state geological surveys and the USGS toward development of more cost-effective, flexible, and useful systems for digital mapping and geographic information systems (GIS) analysis. Through oral and poster presentations and special discussion sessions, emphasis was given to: 1) methods for creating and publishing map products (here, ìpublishingî includes Web-based release); 2) continued development of the National Geologic Map Database; and 3) progress toward building a standard geologic map data model. Especially to support the interest in map preparation and publication, five representatives of the GIS hardware and software vendor community were invited to participate.
The three annual DMT workshops were coordinated by the AASG/USGS Data Capture Working Group, which was formed in August, 1996, to support the Association of American State Geologists and the USGS in their effort to build a National Geologic Map Database (see Soller and Berg, this volume, and http://ncgmp.usgs.gov/ngmdbproject/standards/datacapt/datacaptureWG.html). The Working Group was formed because increased production efficiencies, standardization, and quality of digital map products were needed to help the Database, and the State and Federal geological surveys, provide more high-quality digital maps to the public.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Digital mapping techniques '99 -- workshop proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Digital mapping techniques '99 workshop","conferenceDate":"May 19-22, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Madison, Wisconsin","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Branch of Information Services","doi":"10.3133/ofr99386","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 1999, Digital mapping techniques '99 -- workshop proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-386, 216 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99386.","productDescription":"216 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1341,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of99-386/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":362515,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-386/of99-386.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65ac19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22766,"text":"ofr99215 - 1999 - Identification of water-bearing fractures by the use of geophysical logs, May to July 1998, former Naval Air Warfare Center, Bucks County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T16:09:03","indexId":"ofr99215","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-215","title":"Identification of water-bearing fractures by the use of geophysical logs, May to July 1998, former Naval Air Warfare Center, Bucks County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Between May and July 1998, 10 monitor wells were drilled near the site of the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), Warminster, Bucks County, Pa., to monitor water levels and sample ground water in shallow and intermediate water-bearing fractures. The sampling will determine the horizontal and vertical distribution of contaminated ground water migrating from known or suspected sources. Three boreholes were drilled on the property at 960 Jacksonville Road, at the northwestern side of NAWC, along strike from Area A; seven boreholes were drilled in Area B in the southeastern corner of NAWC. Depths range from 40.5 to 150 feet below land surface.
Borehole geophysical logging and video surveys were used to identify water-bearing fractures so that appropriate intervals could be screened in each monitor well. Geophysical logs were obtained at the 10 monitor wells. Video surveys were obtained at three monitor wells in the southeastern corner of the NAWC property.
Caliper logs and video surveys were used to locate fractures. Inflections on fluid-temperature and fluid-resistivity logs were used to locate possible water-bearing fractures. Heatpulse-flowmeter measurements verified these locations. Natural-gamma logs provided information on stratigraphy. After interpretation of geophysical logs, video surveys, and driller's logs, all wells were screened such that water-level fluctuations could be monitored and water samples collected from discrete water-bearing fractures in each monitor well.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99215","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Navy","usgsCitation":"Conger, R.W., and Bird, P.H., 1999, Identification of water-bearing fractures by the use of geophysical logs, May to July 1998, former Naval Air Warfare Center, Bucks County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-215, v, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99215.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350882,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0215/ofr1999215.pdf","text":"Report","size":"671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1999-215"},{"id":157058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0215/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
This site provides information about the number, thickness, and grainsize of Holocene volcanic ash deposits at 50 localities in the eastern Aleutian volcanic arc. In addition, the major-element compositions of the glasses separated from more than 350 samples of tephra from these localities, determined by electron microprobe, are presented as a basis for correlating samples. Where known with reasonable certainty, the source of an analyzed sample is also identified for use in comparative studies of magma chemistry.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99135","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Meyer, C., and Miyaoka, R.T., 1999, Data on Holocene tephra (volcanic ash) deposits in the Alaska Peninsula and lower Cook Inlet region of the Aleutian volcanic arc, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-135, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99135.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9929,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://kiska.giseis.alaska.edu/dbases/akpen_tephra/akpen_tephra.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1695,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://avo.alaska.edu/downloads/reference.php?citid=819","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -162,56 ], [ -162,62 ], [ -150,62 ], [ -150,56 ], [ -162,56 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c87d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miyaoka, Ronny T.","contributorId":61861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyaoka","given":"Ronny","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24879,"text":"ofr99317 - 1999 - Digital data for the geologic framework of the Alaska Peninsula, southwest Alaska, and the Alaska Peninsula terrane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-27T19:29:59.101009","indexId":"ofr99317","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-317","title":"Digital data for the geologic framework of the Alaska Peninsula, southwest Alaska, and the Alaska Peninsula terrane","docAbstract":"These digital databases are the result of the compilation and reinterpretation of published and unpublished 1:250,000- and 1:63,360-scale mapping. The map area covers approximately 62,000 sq km (23,000 sq mi) in land area and encompasses much of 13 1:250,000-scale quadrangles on the Alaska Peninsula in southwestern Alaska. The compilation was done as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment project (AMRAP), whose goal was create and assemble geologic, geochemical, geophysical, and other data in order to perform mineral resource assessments on a quadrangle, regional or statewide basis. The digital data here was created to assist in the completion of a regional mineral resource assessment of the Alaska Peninsula.
Mapping on the Alaska Peninsula under AMRAP began in 1977 in the Chignik and Sutwik Island 1:250,000 quadrangles (Detterman and others, 1981). Continued mapping in the Ugashik, bristol bay, and northwestern Karluk quadrangles (Detterman and others, 1987) began in 1979, followed by the Mount Katmai, eastern Naknek, and northwestern Afognak quadrangles (Riehle and others, 1987; Riehle and others, 1993), the Port Moller, Stepovak bay, and Simeonof Island quadrangles (Wilson and others, 1995) beginning in 1983. Work in the Cold bay and False Pass quadrangles (Wilson and others, 1992 [Superseded by Wilson and others 1997, but not incorporated herein]) began in 1986.
The reliability of the geologic mapping is variable, based, in part, on the field time spent in each area of the map, the available support, and the quality of the existing base maps. In addition, our developing understanding of the geology of the Alaska Peninsula required revision of earlier maps, such as the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles map (Detterman and others, 1981) to reflect this new knowledge. We have revised the stratigraphic nomenclature (Detterman and others, 1996) and our assignment of unit names to some rocks has been changed.
All geologic maps on which this compilation is based were published using the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM; Zones 3, 4, and 5). because of the distortions use of the UTM projection would produce on a map of small scale and large area, the plot and graphics files derived from this data are plotted using a more appropriate Albers Equal-area projection for publication.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99317","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., Detterman, R.L., and DuBois, G.D., 1999, Digital data for the geologic framework of the Alaska Peninsula, southwest Alaska, and the Alaska Peninsula terrane: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-317, Report: 41 p.; 1 Plate: 60.0 x 43.0 inches; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99317.","productDescription":"Report: 41 p.; 1 Plate: 60.0 x 43.0 inches; Readme; Metadata","numberOfPages":"43","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99317.jpg"},{"id":1872,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0317/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284894,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0317/akpenrdme.txt"},{"id":109903,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23296.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"23296"},{"id":284897,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0317/pdf/akpen.pdf"},{"id":284896,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0317/pdf/aptext.pdf"},{"id":284895,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0317/akpenmet.txt"}],"scale":"500000","projection":"Albers Equal Area projection","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -165.02,53.98 ], [ -165.02,59.13 ], [ -153.11,59.13 ], [ -153.11,53.98 ], [ -165.02,53.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd54f6e4b0b290850f60e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detterman, Robert L.","contributorId":71526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuBois, Gregory D.","contributorId":6824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuBois","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24308,"text":"ofr99216 - 1999 - Physical, chemical, and biological data for selected streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1981-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T16:03:02","indexId":"ofr99216","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-216","title":"Physical, chemical, and biological data for selected streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1981-94","docAbstract":"Physical, chemical, and biological data were collected at 51 sampling sites in Chester County, Pa., from 1970 through 1994 as part of the Stream Conditions of Chester County Program. This report presents data collected from 1981 through 1994. Physical data include water temperature, instantaneous stream discharge, pH, alkalinity, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen. Chemical data include laboratory determinations of nutrients, major ions, and selected metals in whole water samples and selected metals, pesticides, gross polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), gross polychlorinated napthalenes (PCN's), and total carbon in stream-bottom sediment samples. The biological data consists of benthic macroinvertebrate population analyses and diversity indices. Chester County is undergoing rapid urbanization as agricultural lands are converted to residential, commercial, and industrial areas. The purpose of the Stream Conditions of Chester County Program is to further the understanding of stream habitat and chemical changes in response to this urbanization.
","language":"English","publisher":" U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99216","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority","usgsCitation":"Reif, A.G., 1999, Physical, chemical, and biological data for selected streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1981-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-216, iv, 606 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99216.","productDescription":"iv, 606 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1689,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0216/ofr1999216.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1999-215r"},{"id":156250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0216/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070