Lago Caonillas, a reservoir owned by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority and located in the central part of Puerto Rico, is one of the two reservoirs (the other being Lago Dos Bocas) proposed to supply water for the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority project called the Superaqueduct. The reservoir was impounded in 1948 and originally provided about 55 .66 million cubic meters of water for hydroelectric power generation. Sediment derived from the reservoir basin has been transported and deposited in the reservoir bottom, substantially decreasing the water storage capacity over time. Successive bathymetric surveys indicated that in 1990 the storage capacity was 49.25 million cubic meters, decreasing to 48.80 million cubic meters in 1995 and to 42.27 million cubic meters in 2000. This represents an overall storage loss of about 11.5 percent by 1990, 12.3 percent by 1995 and 24.1 percent by 2000. The long-term sedimentation rate of the reservoir was about 153,000 cubic meters per year in 1990, remaining almost constant at about 146,000 cubic meters per year in 1995, but nearly doubling to 258,000 cubic meters per year in 2000. The two-fold increase in sedimentation rate, and consequently, the reservoir storage capacity loss, can be attributed to Hurricane Hortense in September 1996 and Hurricane Georges in September 1998. Twenty-four percent of the original storage capacity of Lago Caonillas has been lost to sediment accumulation. About 49 percent of the reservoir sediment was deposited in the last five years, demonstrating the impact of these major storms on the reservoir.
\n\n
Based on the ratio of storage capacity to inflow rate, the estimated trapping efficiency of Lago Caonillas is about 93 percent for 2000. The sediment yield of the Lago Caonillas net sediment-contributing drainage area (total drainage area minus the reservoir surface area) of 218.74 square kilometers, is about 1 ,266 megagrams per square kilometer per year. This represents an increase of about 69 percent in the material transport and deposition process of the Lago Caonillas basin between 1990 and 2000. The life expectancy of Lago Caonillas was more than 300 years in 1995; however, at the storm-accelerated sedimentation rate, the life expectancy has decreased to about 164 years. This implies that the reservoir could be filled with sediments by the year 2164 if major hurricanes continue to pass through Puerto Rico regularly (every 2 to 4 years).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"San Juan, Puerto Rico","doi":"10.3133/wri014043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority","usgsCitation":"Soler-Lopez, L.R., 2001, Sedimentation survey of Lago Caonillas, Puerto Rico, February 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4043, Report: v, 25 p.; Plate: 21.46 x 30.32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014043.","productDescription":"Report: v, 25 p.; Plate: 21.46 x 30.32 inches","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":326625,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4043/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":286098,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4043/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Lago Caonillas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.850198,18.099229 ], [ -66.850198,18.519916 ], [ -66.499644,18.519916 ], [ -66.499644,18.099229 ], [ -66.850198,18.099229 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soler-Lopez, Luis R.","contributorId":27501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soler-Lopez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30939,"text":"wri014146 - 2001 - Regional curve development and selection of a reference reach in the non-urban, lowland sections of the Piedmont physiographic province, Pennsylvania and Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:55:53","indexId":"wri014146","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4146","title":"Regional curve development and selection of a reference reach in the non-urban, lowland sections of the Piedmont physiographic province, Pennsylvania and Maryland","docAbstract":"Stream-restoration projects utilizing naturalstream designs frequently are based on the bankfull- channel characteristics of a stream reach that is accommodating streamflow and sediment transport without excessive erosion or deposition. The bankfull channel is identified by the use of field indicators and confirmed with tools such as regional curves. Channel dimensions were surveyed at six streamflow-measurement stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Gettysburg-Newark Lowlands Section and Piedmont Lowlands Section of the Piedmont Physiographic Province in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Regional curves were developed from regression analyses of the relation between drainage area and cross-sectional area, mean depth, width, and streamflow of the bankfull channel. Regional curves were used to confirm the identification of the bankfull channel at a reference reach. Stream dimensions and characteristics of the reference reach were measured for extrapolation into the design of a steam-restoration project on Bermudian Creek in Adams County, Pa.
Dimensions for cross-sectional area, mean depth, width, and computed streamflow of the bankfull channel in all surveyed riffle cross sections in the reference reach were within the 95-percent confidence interval bounding the regression line representing bankfull channel geometry in the Lowland Sections of the Piedmont Physiographic Province. The average bankfull cross-sectional area, bankfull mean depth, and computed bankfull discharge for riffle cross sections in the reference reach ranged from 15.4 to 16.5 percent less than estimates determined from the lowland regional curves. Average bankfull channel width was about 2 percent greater than estimates. Cross-sectional area, mean depth, and computed streamflow corresponding to the bankfull stage at the reference reach were 31.4, 44.4, and 9.6 percent less, respectively, than estimates derived from the regional curves developed by Dunne and Leopold in 1978. Average bankfull channel width at the reference reach was 16.7 percent greater than the Dunne and Leopold estimate.
The concepts of regional curves and reference reaches can be valuable tools to support efforts in stream restoration. Practitioners of stream restoration need to recognize them as such and realize their limitations. The small number of stations available for analysis is a major limiting factor in the strength of the results of this investigation. Subjective selection criteria may have unnecessarily eliminated streamflow-measurement stations that could have been included in the regional curves. A bankfull discharge with a recurrence interval within the 1- to 2-year range was used as a criteria for confirmation of the bankfull stage at each streamflow-measurement station. Many researchers accept this range for recurrence interval of the bankfull discharge; however, literature provides contradictory evidence. The use of channel-characteristics data from a reference reach without any monitoring data to document the stability of the reference reach over time is a topic of debate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"White, K., 2001, Regional curve development and selection of a reference reach in the non-urban, lowland sections of the Piedmont physiographic province, Pennsylvania and Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4146, vi, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014146.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351010,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4146/wri20014146.pdf","text":"Report","size":"639 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4146"},{"id":161291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4146/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Severe flooding occurred during July 19-25, 1999, in the Wapsipinicon and Cedar River Basins following two thunderstorms over northeast Iowa. During July 18-19, as much as 6 inches of rainfall was centered over Cerro Gordo, Floyd, Mitchell, and Worth Counties. During July 20-21, a second storm occurred in which an additional rainfall of as much as 8 inches was centered over Chickasaw and Floyd Counties. The cumulative effect of the storms produced floods with new maximum peak discharges at the following streamflow-gaging stations: Wapsipinicon River near Tripoli, 19,400 cubic feet per second; Cedar River at Charles City, 31,200 cubic feet per second (recurrence interval about 90 years); Cedar River at Janesville, 42,200 cubic feet per second (recurrence interval about 80 years); and Flood Creek near Powersville, 19,000 cubic feet per second. Profiles of flood elevations for the July 1999 flood are presented in this report for selected reaches along the Wapsipinicon, Cedar, and Shell Rock Rivers and along Flood Creek. Information about the river basins, rain storms, and flooding are presented along with information on temporary bench marks and reference points in the Wapsipinicon and Cedar River Basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0113","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project HR-140)","usgsCitation":"Ballew, J., and Eash, D.A., 2001, Floods of July 19-25, 1999, in the Wapsipinicon and Cedar River basins, northeast Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-13, iv, 45 p.; ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0113.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p.; ill., maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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A.","contributorId":60237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31249,"text":"ofr0198 - 2001 - Coastal change hazards during extreme storm investigated with airborne topographic lidar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"ofr0198","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-98","title":"Coastal change hazards during extreme storm investigated with airborne topographic lidar","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0198","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, A.H., and Brock, J.C., 2001, Coastal change hazards during extreme storm investigated with airborne topographic lidar: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-98, 1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill., col. map ; 28 x 18 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0198.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill., col. map ; 28 x 18 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0098/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59711,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, A. H. Jr.","contributorId":8818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207752,"text":"70207752 - 2001 - The importance of propagule establishment and physical factors in mangrove distributional patterns in a Costa Rican estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T12:46:16","indexId":"70207752","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-26T12:40:15","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of propagule establishment and physical factors in mangrove distributional patterns in a Costa Rican estuary","docAbstract":"Establishment of Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia germinans, and A. bicolor was measured along intertidal gradients (mud bank (MB), lower intertidal (LI), and upper intertidal (UI)) on point bars and islands in a Costa Rican tropical estuary. Successful establishment showed the following order — Laguncularia: LI (73%)>MB (52%)>UI (18%), with UI significantly lower than LI and MB; Avicennia spp.: LI (66%)>UI (51%)>MB (29%), with LI significantly higher than MB. Establishment of Laguncularia in UI was significantly lower than Avicennia spp. due to selective crab herbivory. After 25 days, 52% of Laguncularia propagules were eaten compared to 5% for Avicennia spp. Total mortality of Laguncularia propagules and seedlings was significantly higher than that of Avicennia spp. in all three zones.
The hydrological regime affected propagule establishment under controlled mesocosm conditions. Four hydrological treatments included flooded according to tidal cycle (FT), no flooding (NF), continuous flooding (F), and flooded according to tidal cycle with propagules additionally buried (FTB). Laguncularia establishment under NF (93%) and F (84%) was significantly greater than under FT (63%). A. germinans establishment under NF (97%) was greater than under FT (69%). Laguncularia showed significantly higher establishment than A. germinans under F conditions. Laguncularia propagules sank soon after their radicles protruded (5–8 days), and subsequently established under water. A. germinans propagules floated during the 25-day experiment and never established. Propagule establishment under FTB was greater for Laguncularia than for Avicennia (11 and 1%, respectively). Height increase of established Laguncularia seedlings was significantly different among treatments: FT (5.2 mm per day)>NF (3.4 mm per day)>F (2.4 mm per day). Growth of established A. germinans seedlings did not differ between FT (4.8 mm per day) and NF (5.0 mm per day), but it was significantly higher than Laguncularia under NF.
These results show that both genera can successfully establish on the lower intertidal zone when artificially retained. However, propagule buoyancy, availability, dispersal, and the effect of water movement on propagule anchoring limit Avicennia spp. establishment in this regularly flooded environment. In the upper intertidal zone, however, differential predation on Laguncularia propagules favors Avicennia spp. establishment and dominance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3770(01)00188-7","usgsCitation":"Delgado, P., Hensel, P., and Day, J., 2001, The importance of propagule establishment and physical factors in mangrove distributional patterns in a Costa Rican estuary: Aquatic Botany, v. 71, no. 3, p. 157-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(01)00188-7.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"178","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica ","otherGeospatial":"Bebedero River, Gulf of Nicoya, Tempisque River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.4571533203125,\n 9.54929188384387\n ],\n [\n -84.5672607421875,\n 9.54929188384387\n ],\n [\n -84.5672607421875,\n 10.33383406820594\n ],\n [\n -85.4571533203125,\n 10.33383406820594\n ],\n [\n -85.4571533203125,\n 9.54929188384387\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delgado, P.","contributorId":221620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delgado","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hensel, P.F.","contributorId":11727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensel","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day, J.W.","contributorId":27417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70214409,"text":"70214409 - 2001 - Frequently co‐occurring pesticides and volatile organic compounds in public supply and monitoring wells, southern New Jersey, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T18:57:39.20074","indexId":"70214409","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-25T13:46:10","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequently co‐occurring pesticides and volatile organic compounds in public supply and monitoring wells, southern New Jersey, USA","docAbstract":"One or more pesticides were detected with one or more volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in more than 95% of samples collected from 30 public supply and 95 monitoring wells screened in the unconsolidated surficial aquifer system of southern New Jersey, USA. Overall, more than 140,000 and more than 3,000 unique combinations of pesticides with VOCs were detected in two or more samples from the supply and monitoring wells, respectively. More than 400 of these combinations were detected in 20% or more of the samples from the supply wells, whereas only 17 were detected in 20% or more of the samples from the monitoring wells. Although many constituent combinations detected in water from the supply and monitoring wells are similar, differences in constituent combinations also were found and can be attributed, in part, to differences in the characteristics of these two well types. The monitoring wells sampled during this study yield water that typically was recharged beneath a single land‐use setting during a recent, discrete time interval and that flowed along relatively short paths to the wells. Public supply wells, in contrast, yield large volumes of water and typically have contributing areas that are orders of magnitude larger than those of the monitoring wells. These large contributing areas generally encompass multiple land uses; moreover, because flow paths that originate in these areas vary in length, these wells typically yield water that was recharged over a large temporal interval. Water withdrawn from public supply wells, therefore, contains a mixture of waters of different ages that were recharged beneath various land‐use settings. Because public supply wells intercept water flowing along longer paths with longer residence times and integrate waters from a larger source area than those associated with monitoring wells, they are more likely to yield water that contains constituents that were used in greater quantities in the past, that were introduced from point sources, and/or that are derived from the degradation of parent compounds along extended flow paths.
Microbial calcification has been identified as a significant source of carbonate sediment production in modern marine and lacustrine environments around the globe. This process has been linked to the production of modern whitings and large, micritic carbonate deposits throughout the geologic record. Furthermore, carbonate deposits believed to be the result of cyanobacterial and microalgal calcification suggest that the potential exists for long-term preservation of microbial precipitates and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). Recent research has advanced our understanding of the microbial-calcification mechanism as a photosynthetically driven process. However, little is known of the effects of this process on inorganic carbon cycling or of the effects of changing climate on microbial-calcification mechanisms.
Laboratory experiments on microbial cellular physiology demonstrate that cyanobacteria and green algae can utilize different carbon species for metabolism and calcification. Cyanobacterial calcification relies on bicarbonate (HCO3–)utilization while green algae use primarily CO2. Therefore, depending on which carbonate species (HCO3– or CO2) dominates in the ocean or lacustrine environments (a condition ultimately linked to atmospheric partial pressure PCO2), the origin of lime-mud production by cyanobacteria and/or algae may fluctuate through geologic time. Trends of cyanobacteria versus algal dominance in the rock record corroborate this conclusion. These results suggest that relative species abundances of calcareous cyanobacteria and algae in the Phanerozoic may serve as potential proxies for assessing paleoclimatic conditions, including fluctuations in atmospheric PCO2.
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Urban development, agriculture, and shipping are just a few examples of human activities that can cause a wide range of deleterious changes within the coastal environment. These alterations, however, occur simultaneously with cycles of natural variability such as climate change. To effectively manage coastal ecosystems, we need to be able to carefully distinguish between anthropogenic and natural causes of change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/01EO00297","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P.W., Kvenvolden, K.A., Horowitz, A.J., and Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., 2001, Integrated strategy urged to address coastal contamination issues: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 82, no. 43, https://doi.org/10.1029/01EO00297.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"500","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/01eo00297","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293617,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/01EO00297"}],"volume":"82","issue":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541165c2e4b0fe7e184a555d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70124001,"text":"70124001 - 2001 - Coral reefs and shoreline dipsticks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T12:57:47","indexId":"70124001","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-10T12:56:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"41","title":"Coral reefs and shoreline dipsticks","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global perspectives of global climate change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Shinn, E., 2001, Coral reefs and shoreline dipsticks, chap. of Global perspectives of global climate change, p. 251-264.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"264","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293609,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541165c0e4b0fe7e184a5558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70123873,"text":"70123873 - 2001 - Quantifying hurricane-induced coastal changes using topographic lidar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T16:22:27","indexId":"70123873","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-09T16:19:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Quantifying hurricane-induced coastal changes using topographic lidar","docAbstract":"USGS and NASA are investigating the impacts of hurricanes on the United States East and Gulf of Mexico coasts with the ultimate objective of improving predictive capabilities. The cornerstone of our effort is to use topographic lidar to acquire pre- and post-storm topography to quantify changes to beaches and dunes. With its rapidity of acquisition and very high density, lidar is revolutionizing the. quantification of storm-induced coastal change. Lidar surveys have been acquired for the East and Gulf coasts to serve as pre-storm baselines. Within a few days of a hurricane landfall anywhere within the study area, the impacted area will be resurveyed to detect changes. For example, during 1999, Hurricane Dennis impacted the northern North Carolina coast. Along a 70-km length of coast between Cape Hatteras and Oregon Inlet, there was large variability in the types of impacts including overwash, dune erosion, dune stability, and even accretion at the base of dunes. These types of impacts were arranged in coherent patterns that repeated along the coast over scales of tens of kilometers. Preliminary results suggest the variability is related to the influence of offshore shoals that induce longshore gradients in wave energy by wave refraction.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Dynamics '01 : proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Coastal Dynamics, June 11-15, 2001, Lund Sweden","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, Krabill, W., Swift, R., and Brock, J., 2001, Quantifying hurricane-induced coastal changes using topographic lidar, in Coastal Dynamics '01 : proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Coastal Dynamics, June 11-15, 2001, Lund Sweden, p. 1007-1016.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1007","endPage":"1016","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293565,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/40566%28260%29103"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54101476e4b07ab1cd980acd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, Jr.","contributorId":105768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabill, William","contributorId":69013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabill","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swift, Robert","contributorId":18280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brock, John","contributorId":39011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70123863,"text":"70123863 - 2001 - Use of rotating side-scan sonar to measure bedload","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T16:06:03","indexId":"70123863","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-09T16:01:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of rotating side-scan sonar to measure bedload","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Seventh Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, March 25 to 29, 2001, Reno, Nevada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., Tate, G.B., Topping, D., and Anima, R.A., 2001, Use of rotating side-scan sonar to measure bedload, in Proceedings of the Seventh Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, March 25 to 29, 2001, Reno, Nevada, v. 3, p. 139-144.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"144","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5410148ce4b07ab1cd980bb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tate, G. B.","contributorId":46119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tate","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Topping, D.J. 0000-0002-2104-4577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":53927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anima, R. A.","contributorId":24370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anima","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70123851,"text":"70123851 - 2001 - Natural gas hydrates: Occurrence, distribution, and detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:58:03","indexId":"70123851","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-09T15:11:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"seriesNumber":"124","title":"Natural gas hydrates: Occurrence, distribution, and detection","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"2001, Natural gas hydrates: Occurrence, distribution, and detection, 315 p.","productDescription":"315 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293557,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5410146fe4b07ab1cd980a68","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":710335,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":710336,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123849,"text":"70123849 - 2001 - Field evidence of subsidence and faulting induced by hydrocarbon production in coastal southeast Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T14:52:57","indexId":"70123849","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-09T14:46:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field evidence of subsidence and faulting induced by hydrocarbon production in coastal southeast Texas","docAbstract":"Three large, mature hydrocarbon fields in coastal southeast Texas were examined to evaluate competing hypotheses of wetland losses and to characterize subaerial and submerged surfaces near reactivated faults and zones of subsidence. Detailed topographic and bathymetric profiles and shallow cores at the Port Neches, Clam Lake, and Caplen Fields provide a basis for distinguishing between (1) extensive land-surface subsidence without significant subaqueous erosion, and (2) localized minor subsidence near faults accompanied by extensive subaqueous erosion. Subaqueous erosion results from submergence of wetlands, current and wave excavation of surface sediments and organic detritus, and exportation of the eroded sediments through adjacent water bodies with swift currents such as navigation channels.
\nResponses to induced subsidence and fault reactivation are different at each field site. Detailed stratigraphic correlations of sediment cores show that at Port Neches, subsidence of 35 to 90 cm and minor marsh erosion (20 to 35 cm) created more than 15 million m3 of accommodation space in a nearly circular pattern over the field. At Caplen the marsh surface subsided only about 4 cm, but the surface eroded 30 to 40 cm vertically, creating about 3.5 million m3 of accommodation space. The breakup of wetlands and their conversion to open water appears to be in an initial stage at the Clam Lake Field where marsh plants are being submerged along a fault. The different surficial responses and wetland losses at each field are related to the primary type of hydrocarbon produced and the rates of production. Although the absolute magnitude of induced subsidence may be less than 1 m, even a minor reduction in land elevation is sufficient to cause major wetland losses.
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The variety of organisms involved (host, pathogens and other opportunists) and the absolute number of episodes have also increased during this period. Are these changes coincidental? Between 1972 and 1976, a global climate regime shift took place, and it is manifest most clearly by a change in strength of the North Pacific and North Atlantic pressure systems. Consequences of this regime shift are: (1) prolonged drought conditions in the Sahel region of Africa; (2) increased dust supply to the global atmosphere, by a factor of approximately four; (3) increased easterly trade winds across the Atlantic; (4) increased eolian transport of dust to the Atlantic and Caribbean basins; and (5) increased deposition of iron-rich eolian dust to typically iron-poor marine regions. On the basis of well-documented climate and dust observations and the widely accepted increase in marine outbreak rates, this paper proposes that the increased iron supply has altered the micronutrient factors limiting growth of opportunistic organisms and virulence of pathogenic microbes, particularly in macronutrient-rich coastal systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1013121503937","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M.L., Bonaventura, J., Mitchell, T.P., Prospero, J.M., Shinn, E., Van Dolah, F., and Barber, R.T., 2001, How are climate and marine biological outbreaks functionally linked?: Hydrobiologia, v. 460, no. 1-3, p. 213-220, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013121503937.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"220","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293537,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013121503937"}],"volume":"460","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5410145fe4b07ab1cd9809a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Marshall L.","contributorId":77059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonaventura, Joseph","contributorId":89454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonaventura","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, Todd P.","contributorId":7631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prospero, Joseph M.","contributorId":82961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prospero","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shinn, Eugene A.","contributorId":6883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van Dolah, Frances","contributorId":7197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Dolah","given":"Frances","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barber, Richard T.","contributorId":21873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70123822,"text":"70123822 - 2001 - Dust in the wind: long range transport of dust in the atmosphere and its implications for global public and ecosystem health","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T13:14:26","indexId":"70123822","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-09T13:11:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1838,"text":"Global Change and Human Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dust in the wind: long range transport of dust in the atmosphere and its implications for global public and ecosystem health","docAbstract":"Movement of soil particles in atmospheres is a normal planetary process. Images of Martian dust devils (wind-spouts) and dust storms captured by NASA's Pathfinder have demonstrated the significant role that storm activity plays in creating the red atmospheric haze of Mars. On Earth, desert soils moving in the atmosphere are responsible for the orange hues in brilliant sunrises and sunsets. In severe dust storm events, millions of tons of soil may be moved across great expanses of land and ocean. An emerging scientific interest in the process of soil transport in the Earth's atmosphere is in the field of public and ecosystem health. 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Results from this analysis showed that, over a 134 year period, storm-influenced data contribute statistically significant information to the long-term signal. Consequently, storm-influenced data points do not appear to be temporal outliers and thus, do not need to be excluded from a long-term analysis of shoreline changes. Furthermore, projections of the upper and lower confidence intervals (CIs) for the regression line to the year 2010 (24 year extrapolation) showed that including or excluding outliers had minimal effects on shoreline position predictions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Fenster, M.S., Dolan, R., and Morton, R., 2001, Coastal storms and shoreline change: signal or noise?: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 17, no. 3, p. 714-720.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"714","endPage":"720","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293521,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4300222"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Outer Banks","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.531626,35.292798 ], [ -75.531626,35.77543 ], [ -75.459951,35.77543 ], [ -75.459951,35.292798 ], [ -75.531626,35.292798 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5410144de4b07ab1cd9808d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenster, Michael S.","contributorId":62937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenster","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolan, Robert","contributorId":16405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70123808,"text":"70123808 - 2001 - Seafloor collapse and methane venting associated with gas hydrate on the Blake Ridge: causes and implications to seafloor stability and methane release","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:54:38","indexId":"70123808","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-09T11:29:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"124","title":"Seafloor collapse and methane venting associated with gas hydrate on the Blake Ridge: causes and implications to seafloor stability and methane release","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural gas hydrates: occurrence, distribution, and detection","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM124p0211","usgsCitation":"Dillon, W.P., Nealon, J.W., Taylor, M.H., Lee, M.W., Drury, R.M., and Anton, C.H., 2001, Seafloor collapse and methane venting associated with gas hydrate on the Blake Ridge: causes and implications to seafloor stability and methane release, chap. of Natural gas hydrates: occurrence, distribution, and detection, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM124p0211.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293516,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/GM124p0211"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5410147ae4b07ab1cd980b02","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":509987,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":509986,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nealon, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":12083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nealon","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Michael H.","contributorId":78773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drury, Rebecca M.","contributorId":63325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drury","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anton, Christopher H.","contributorId":50937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anton","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70123796,"text":"70123796 - 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Throughout the Quaternary, during times of low sea-level, the Gulf was separated from the open waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, forming Lake Carpentaria, an isolation basin, perched above contemporaneous sea-level with outlet channels to the Arafura Sea. A preliminary interpretation is presented of the palaeoenvironments recorded in six sediment cores collected by the IMAGES program in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The longest core (approx. 15 m) spans the past 130 ka and includes a record of sea-level/lake-level changes, with particular complexity between 80 and 40 ka when sea-level repeatedly breached and withdrew from Gulf/Lake Carpentaria. Evidence from biotic remains (foraminifers, ostracods, pollen), sedimentology and geochemistry clearly identifies a final marine transgression at about 9.7 ka (radiocarbon years). Before this transgression, Lake Carpentaria was surrounded by grassland, was near full, and may have had a surface area approaching 600 km×300 km and a depth of about 15 m. The earlier rise in sea-level which accompanied the Marine Isotopic Stage 6/5 transgression at about 130 ka is constrained by sedimentological and biotic evidence and dated by optical- and thermoluminescence and amino acid racemisation methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00029-5","usgsCitation":"Chivas, A.R., Garcı́a, A., van der Kaars, S., Couapel, M., Holt, S., Reeves, J.M., Wheeler, D.J., Switzer, A.D., Murray-Wallace, C.V., Banerjee, D., Price, D., Wang, S.X., Pearson, G., Edgar, N.T., Beaufort, L., de Deckker, P., Lawson, E., and Cecil, C.B., 2001, Sea-level and environmental changes since the last interglacial in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia: an overview: Quaternary International, v. 83-85, no. 11, p. 19-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00029-5.","productDescription":"28 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Blaine 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":22797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70123788,"text":"70123788 - 2001 - USGS-NPS-NASA research on coastal change and habitats within US national seashores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T10:08:39","indexId":"70123788","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-09T10:05:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS-NPS-NASA research on coastal change and habitats within US national seashores","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Guidebook for geological field trips in New England : 2001 Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, Boston, Massachusetts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"D.P. West and R.H. Bailey","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Duffy, M., Krabill, W., Harris, M., Moore, L., and Sallenger, A., 2001, USGS-NPS-NASA research on coastal change and habitats within US national seashores, in Guidebook for geological field trips in New England : 2001 Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, Boston, Massachusetts, v. 33.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5410148ae4b07ab1cd980bac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John","contributorId":39011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffy, Mark","contributorId":54852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabill, William","contributorId":69013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabill","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, Melanie","contributorId":45798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Melanie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, Laura","contributorId":19090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":24532,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":500252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury","contributorId":83339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70123545,"text":"70123545 - 2001 - Fish species and community distributions as proxies for sea-floor habitat distributions: the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary example (northwest Atlantic, Gulf Of Maine)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-22T08:33:21","indexId":"70123545","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-05T11:46:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish species and community distributions as proxies for sea-floor habitat distributions: the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary example (northwest Atlantic, Gulf Of Maine)","docAbstract":"Defining the habitats of fishes and associated fauna on outer continental shelves is problematic given the paucity of data on the actual types and distributions of seafloor habitats. However many regions have good data on the distributions of fishes from resource surveys or catch statistics because of the economic importance of the fisheries. Fish distribution data (species or communities) have been used as a proxy for the distribution of habitats to develop precautionary conservation strategies for habitat protection (e.g., marine protected areas, fishing gear restrictions). In this study we assessed the relationships between the distributions of fish communities and species derived from trawl survey data with the spatial distribution of sediment types determined by sampling and acoustic reflectance derived from multibeam sonar surveys in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Fish communities were correlated with reflectance values but all communities did not occur in unique sediment types. This suggests that use of community distributions as proxies for habitats should include the caveat that a greater number of communities within an area could indicate a greater range of habitat types. Single species distributions showed relationships between abundance and reflectance values. Trawl catches with low abundances had wide variations in reflectance values while those with high abundances had narrower ranges indicating habitat affinities. Significant non-random frequency-dependent relationships were observed for 17 of 20 species although only 12 of 20 species had significant relationships based on rank correlation. These results suggest that species distributions based on trawl survey data can be used as proxies for the distribution of seafloor habitats. Species with known habitat associations can be used to infer habitat requirements of co-occurring species and can be used to identify a range of habitat types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1011022320818","usgsCitation":"Auster, P.J., Joy, K., and Valentine, P.C., 2001, Fish species and community distributions as proxies for sea-floor habitat distributions: the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary example (northwest Atlantic, Gulf Of Maine): Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 60, no. 4, p. 331-346, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011022320818.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"346","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293455,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011022320818"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Maine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.2507117803,42.2488192197 ], [ -70.2507117803,42.2515171803 ], [ -70.2480138197,42.2515171803 ], [ -70.2480138197,42.2488192197 ], [ -70.2507117803,42.2488192197 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"60","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540ace46e4b023c1f29d58d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auster, Peter J.","contributorId":53306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auster","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joy, Kevin","contributorId":96604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joy","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70243304,"text":"70243304 - 2001 - Engineering implications of ground motions from the 1999 Turkey earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-08T14:27:31.683199","indexId":"70243304","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T09:13:47","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":14269,"text":"Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Engineering implications of ground motions from the 1999 Turkey earthquakes","docAbstract":"The August 17, 1999 Izmit (Turkey) earthquake (Mw=7.4) will be remembered as one of the largest earthquakes of recent times that affected a large urban environment. The shaking that caused the widespread damage and destruction was recorded by a handful of accelerographs operated by different networks in the earthquake area. As rebuilding in Turkey starts and picks up speed, the recorded ground motions that adversely affected the built-up environment are being studied intensively to explain the past disaster and for the implications for future earthquakes. New forecasts of future large earthquakes in the ever growing urban environment of Istanbul and its vicinities necessitates better preparation and extensive planning to upgrade and retrofit existing infrastructures. To successfully execute these endeavors, it is imperative to have better defined ground motion characteristics. This paper aims at discussing the issues related to the engineering implications of the recorded ground motions. The main shock records show that the peak accelerations, even those from near-field stations that exhibit the characteristic near-fault pulses that cause large displacements, are smaller than expected. On the other hand, smaller magnitude aftershocks yielded larger peak accelerations. This is attributed to the sparse networks, which possibly missed the recording of larger motions during the main shock - particularly in the heavily damaged areas of South Izmit Bay. Aftershocks recorded at such areas are used to estimate the missed main shock ground motions. Accordingly, the estimated motions in South Izmit Bay are approximately 1 g highly polarized in N-S direction. These attributes have significant engineering implications to be considered during the rebuilding phase and beyond.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ntional Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics","usgsCitation":"Celebi, M., 2001, Engineering implications of ground motions from the 1999 Turkey earthquakes: Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, v. 42, no. 3-4, p. 163-182.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"182","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416804,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://bgo.ogs.it/provapage.php?id_articolo=152","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Turkey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 28.688803779751083,\n 41.13353181081746\n ],\n [\n 28.688803779751083,\n 40.57600402331926\n ],\n [\n 30.73342595434829,\n 40.57600402331926\n ],\n [\n 30.73342595434829,\n 41.13353181081746\n ],\n [\n 28.688803779751083,\n 41.13353181081746\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":871960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33063,"text":"b2201B - 2001 - Petroleum geology and resources of the North Caspian Basin, Kazakhstan and Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-11T10:57:44.338848","indexId":"b2201B","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2201","chapter":"B","title":"Petroleum geology and resources of the North Caspian Basin, Kazakhstan and Russia","docAbstract":"The North Caspian basin is a petroleum-rich but lightly explored basin located in Kazakhstan and Russia. It occupies the shallow northern portion of the Caspian Sea and a large plain to the north of the sea between the Volga and Ural Rivers and farther east to the Mugodzhary Highland, which is the southern continuation of the Ural foldbelt. The basin is bounded by the Paleozoic carbonate platform of the Volga-Ural province to the north and west and by the Ural, South Emba, and Karpinsky Hercynian foldbelts to the east and south. The basin was originated by pre-Late Devonian rifting and subsequent\r\nspreading that opened the oceanic crust, but the precise time of these tectonic events is not known.\r\nThe sedimentary succession of the basin is more than 20 km thick in the central areas. The drilled Upper Devonian to Tertiary part of this succession includes a prominent thick Kungurian\r\n(uppermost Lower Permian) salt formation that separates strata into the subsalt and suprasalt sequences and played an important role in the formation of oil and gas fields. Shallow-shelf carbonate formations that contain various reefs and alternate\r\nwith clastic wedges compose the subsalt sequence on the\r\n1\r\nbasin margins. Basinward, these rocks grade into deep-water anoxic black shales and turbidites. The Kungurian salt formation\r\nis strongly deformed into domes and intervening depressions.\r\nThe most active halokinesis occurred during Late Permian?Triassic time, but growth of salt domes continued later and some of them are exposed on the present-day surface. The suprasalt sequence is mostly composed of clastic rocks that are several kilometers thick in depressions between salt domes.\r\nA single total petroleum system is defined in the North Caspian\r\nbasin. Discovered reserves are about 19.7 billion barrels of oil and natural gas liquids and 157 trillion cubic feet of gas. Much of the reserves are concentrated in the supergiant Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Astrakhan fields. A recent new oil discovery on the Kashagan structure offshore in the Caspian Sea is probably\r\nalso of the supergiant status. Major oil and gas reserves are located in carbonate reservoirs in reefs and structural traps of the subsalt sequence. Substantially smaller reserves are located in numerous fields in the suprasalt sequence. These suprasalt fields are largely in shallow Jurassic and Cretaceous clastic reservoirs in salt dome-related traps. Petroleum source rocks are poorly identified by geochemical methods. However, geologic data indicate that the principal source rocks are Upper Devonian to Lower Permian deep-water black-shale facies stratigraphically correlative to shallow-shelf carbonate platforms on the basin margins. The main stage of hydrocarbon generation was probably\r\nin Late Permian and Triassic time, during deposition of thick orogenic clastics. Generated hydrocarbons migrated laterally into adjacent subsalt reservoirs and vertically, through depressions\r\nbetween Kungurian salt domes where the salt is thin or absent, into suprasalt clastic reservoirs.\r\nSix assessment units have been identified in the North Caspian\r\nbasin. Four of them include Paleozoic subsalt rocks of the basin margins, and a fifth unit, which encompasses the entire total petroleum system area, includes the suprasalt sequence. All five of these assessment units are underexplored and have significant\r\npotential for new discoveries. Most undiscovered petroleum\r\nresources are expected in Paleozoic subsalt carbonate rocks. The assessment unit in subsalt rocks with the greatest undiscovered potential occupies the south basin margin. Petroleum\r\npotential of suprasalt rocks is lower; however, discoveries of many small to medium size fields are expected. The sixth identified assessment unit embraces subsalt rocks of the central basin areas. The top of subsalt rocks in these areas occurs at depths ranging from 7 to 10 kilometers and has not been reached by wells. Undiscovered resources of this unit did not rec","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2201B","usgsCitation":"Ulmishek, G.F., 2001, Petroleum geology and resources of the North Caspian Basin, Kazakhstan and Russia (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2201, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2201B.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2201/B/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462801,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2201/B/b2201-b.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.48 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6873bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulmishek, Gregory F.","contributorId":48971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulmishek","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30900,"text":"wri20014018 - 2001 - Concentrations of Escherichia coli in streams in the Kankakee and lower Wabash River watersheds in Indiana, June-September 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-09T20:41:16.768002","indexId":"wri20014018","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4018","title":"Concentrations of Escherichia coli in streams in the Kankakee and lower Wabash River watersheds in Indiana, June-September 1999","docAbstract":"Water samples collected from 58 surface- water sites in the Kankakee and Lower Wabash River Watersheds from June through September 1999 were analyzed for concentrations of Escherichia coli bacteria. Each sitewas sampled five times in a 30-day period. Twentynine sites were sampled during June and July, and 29 different sites were sampled during August and September. A five-sample geometric mean of concentrations was computed for each site. Concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in 126 of the 289 samples exceeded the State of Indiana single-sample standard of 235 colonies per 100 milliliters for waters used for recreation. Concentrations in samples from 38 of the 58 sites exceeded the State of Indiana standard for a five-sample geometric mean of 125 colonies per 100 milliliters for waters used for recreation. Ten of the 58 sites were at or near U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations. Based on records from the streamflowgaging stations, 18 percent of the samples collected at these sites were collected at streamflows above the median daily discharge for each station. E. coli concentrations and turbidity measurements collected during 1999 were analyzed in concert with similar concentration and turbidity data collected in 1998 at streams within the Upper Wabash River Watershed in Indiana to investigate the relation between concentrations of bacteria and turbidity. The analysis indicated a statistically significant correlation between concentrations of E. coli and turbidity. If the turbidity was greater than 83 nephelometric turbidity units, the E. coli concentration always exceeded the singlesample standard. If, however, the turbidity was less than 83 nephelometric turbidity units, concentrations of E. coli were not always below the single-sample standard.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Silcox, C.A., Robinson, B.A., and Willoughby, T.C., 2001, Concentrations of Escherichia coli in streams in the Kankakee and lower Wabash River watersheds in Indiana, June-September 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4018, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014018.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","temporalStart":"1999-06-01","temporalEnd":"1999-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424235,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42271.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12876,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/wri01_4018/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Kankakee and lower Wabash River watersheds","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.067,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -86.067,\n 41.7\n ],\n [\n -88.083,\n 41.7\n ],\n [\n -88.083,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -86.067,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silcox, Cheryl A. casilcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":5080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silcox","given":"Cheryl","email":"casilcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Bret A. barobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":3897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Bret","email":"barobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willoughby, Timothy C.","contributorId":49404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willoughby","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}