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Last year, the Department of the Interior (DOI) initiated a major national initiative to detect trends in amphibian populations and research the causes of declines. The program, conducted principally by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), emphasizes lands managed by DOI, but collaboration with the Forest Service is encouraged to increase the scope of inference about population trends. Although amphibians are not usually the first group of animals that comes to mind when one thinks of wilderness, conservation of amphibian populations is clearly a wilderness issue.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.96.5.1312","usgsCitation":"Barton, P.B., 2001, Review of: “Understanding Ore Deposits” by Kula C. Misra: Economic Geology, v. 96, no. 5, p. 1312-1313, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.96.5.1312.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1312","endPage":"1313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Paul B. 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Many of the monthly precipitation totals for September 1996 through April 1997 were more than 200 percent of monthly normals at selected weather stations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1185A","usgsCitation":"Macek-Rowland, K., Burr, M., and Mitton, G., 2001, Precipitation in the Northern Plains, September 1996 through April 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1185, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1185A.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2001/1185a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59495,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2001/1185a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b14d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macek-Rowland, K. 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The Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) is designed to organize, modernize, and standardize operations of seismic networks in the United States to improve the Nation’s ability to respond effectively to damaging earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis. To achieve this, the ANSS will link more than 7,000 national, regional and urban monitoring stations in real time
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/fs04501","usgsCitation":"Benz, H., Shedlock, K.M., and Buland, R., 2001, The Advanced National Seismic System; management and implementation: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 045-01, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04501.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0045/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2572,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0045-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59474,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683559","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shedlock, K. M.","contributorId":72805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buland, R.P.","contributorId":85233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buland","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24558,"text":"ofr0163 - 2001 - Digital water-quality data base for the West Branch Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T20:44:26.814452","indexId":"ofr0163","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-63","title":"Digital water-quality data base for the West Branch Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0163","usgsCitation":"Smith, V.C., and Lesniewski, M.G., 2001, Digital water-quality data base for the West Branch Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-63, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0163.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407309,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36785.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0063/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":258616,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Aberdeen Proving Ground, West Branch Canal Creek area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.311,\n 39.396\n ],\n [\n -76.309,\n 39.396\n ],\n [\n -76.309,\n 39.4\n ],\n [\n -76.311,\n 39.4\n ],\n [\n -76.311,\n 39.396\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ae51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Vanessa C.","contributorId":63041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Vanessa","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesniewski, Matthew G.","contributorId":93088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesniewski","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69563,"text":"i2636 - 2001 - Bedrock geologic map of the Saxtons River 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Windham and Windsor counties, Vermont","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31888,"text":"ofr95482 - 1995 - Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Saxtons River 7.5 x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont","indexId":"ofr95482","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Saxtons River 7.5 x 15-minute quadrangle, Windham and Windsor Counties, Vermont"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":69563,"text":"i2636 - 2001 - Bedrock geologic map of the Saxtons River 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Windham and Windsor counties, Vermont","indexId":"i2636","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Saxtons River 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Windham and Windsor counties, Vermont"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-02T20:39:33.640391","indexId":"i2636","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2636","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Saxtons River 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Windham and Windsor counties, Vermont","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2636","usgsCitation":"Ratcliffe, N.M., and Armstrong, T.R., 2001, Bedrock geologic map of the Saxtons River 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Windham and Windsor counties, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2636, 2 Sheets, 52 by 41 inches and 50 by 27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2636.","productDescription":"2 Sheets, 52 by 41 inches and 50 by 27 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110203,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42276.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"42276"},{"id":91715,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2636/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":188173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2636/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":101475,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2636/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":101474,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2636/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","county":"Windham County, Windsor County","otherGeospatial":"Saxtons River 7.5' x 15' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.75,43.125 ], [ -72.75,43.25 ], [ -72.5,43.25 ], [ -72.5,43.125 ], [ -72.75,43.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6361ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratcliffe, N. M.","contributorId":80691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"N.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, T. R.","contributorId":91528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30877,"text":"wri004231 - 2001 - Effects of remedial grouting on the ground-water flow system at Red Rock Dam near Pella, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T13:17:50","indexId":"wri004231","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4231","title":"Effects of remedial grouting on the ground-water flow system at Red Rock Dam near Pella, Iowa","docAbstract":"Previous studies have shown direct evidence of under-seepage at Red Rock Dam on the Des Moines River near Pella, Iowa. Underseepage is thought to occur primarily on the northeast side of the dam in the lower bedrock of the St. Louis Limestone, which consists of discontinuous basal evaporite beds and an overlying cavity zone. Because of concerns about the integrity of the dam, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers initiated a remedial grouting program in September 1991. To assess the effectiveness of the remedial grouting program and to evaluate methods for future assessments, a study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
\nPotentiometric surface maps of the overburden and bedrock indicate that the direction of ground-water flow on the northeast side of the dam has changed little from pre-grout to post-grout periods. A comparison of water levels, between a pre-grout date and a post-grout date, shows that water levels decreased but that the decrease may be more attributable to changes in dam operations than to remedial grouting. Waterlevel data for the same two dates indicate that a more gradual potentiometric surface exists on the northeast side of the dam than on the southwest side of the dam, which suggests that the hydraulic connection between Lake Red Rock and downgradient bedrock wells still is greater on the northeast side of the dam than on the southwest side. Hydrographs for some wells on the northeast side of the dam indicated a departure from pre-grout trends at approximately the same time grouting was initiated. To varying degrees, hydrographs for the same wells then appear to return to a trend similar to pre-grout years, possibly as a result of new flow paths developing over time after remedial grouting. Spearman correlation coefficients computed for water levels in wells, pool, and tailwater indicate that some areas on the northeast side of the dam appear to be less under the influence of changing pool elevations after grouting than before grouting. This suggests that the hydraulic connection between the Red Rock pool and some downgradient areas has decreased.
\nAnalysis of water samples collected from selected wells on the northeast side of the dam shows significant increases in sulfate concentrations beginning about the same time remedial grouting was done upgradient from the wells, possibly indicating that flow paths were cut off to these wells, thereby reducing the amount of mixing with fresh reservoir water. Observable changes in chloride concentrations or trends as a result of remedial grouting were not apparent. Analysis results for hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope samples collected since 1995 indicate large seasonal fluctuations of isotope ratios in the tailwater (assumed representative of the reservoir). Similar but more subdued fluctuations were observed at some wells, but other wells appeared to have little seasonal change. Stable sulfur isotope results indicate the presence of distinct water types between Lake Red Rock and in ground water from downgradient bedrock wells. Sulfur isotope values from samples from a bedrock well located upgradient from the grout curtain indicate a mixture of pool and ground water, whereas samples from downgradient overburden wells have values similar to the pool. Samples from the bedrock wells downgradient from the grout curtain have sulfur isotope values similar to a value obtained from analysis of a gypsum and anhydrite core sample.
\nHydrographs, statistical analysis of waterlevel data, and water-chemistry data suggest that underseepage on the northeast side of the dam has been reduced but not completely eliminated. Some areas appear to have been affected to a greater degree and for a longer period of time than other areas. Future monitoring of water levels, water chemistry, and stable isotopes can aid in the evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of remedial grouting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004231","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Rock Island District, Rock Island, Illinois","usgsCitation":"Linhart, S., and Schaap, B.D., 2001, Effects of remedial grouting on the ground-water flow system at Red Rock Dam near Pella, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4231, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004231.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004231.JPG"},{"id":2786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ia.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/WRIR_00-4231.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Red Rock Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.96545028686523,\n 41.38212180399892\n ],\n [\n -92.96828269958496,\n 41.3802863707537\n ],\n [\n -92.97055721282959,\n 41.37845088570654\n ],\n [\n -92.97330379486084,\n 41.376518740220305\n ],\n [\n -92.97484874725342,\n 41.37535942537781\n ],\n [\n -92.97738075256348,\n 41.373427188056084\n ],\n [\n -92.98017024993895,\n 41.3712372497054\n ],\n [\n -92.98265933990479,\n 41.36949812849777\n ],\n [\n -92.98527717590332,\n 41.36750130237204\n ],\n [\n -92.98707962036131,\n 41.36595533037855\n ],\n [\n -92.98879623413086,\n 41.36434490382504\n ],\n [\n -92.98892498016357,\n 41.36192918926284\n ],\n [\n -92.98669338226318,\n 41.36128498356731\n ],\n [\n -92.98373222351074,\n 41.36134940442383\n ],\n [\n -92.9814577102661,\n 41.36286327619405\n ],\n [\n -92.98012733459473,\n 41.365053496418994\n ],\n [\n -92.97836780548096,\n 41.366502866327224\n ],\n [\n -92.97660827636719,\n 41.36827427459402\n ],\n [\n -92.97574996948242,\n 41.368982824396916\n ],\n [\n -92.9721450805664,\n 41.37027107699629\n ],\n [\n -92.96729564666748,\n 41.37358821002511\n ],\n [\n -92.96536445617674,\n 41.37481196396403\n ],\n [\n -92.96296119689941,\n 41.37696957930098\n ],\n [\n -92.9622745513916,\n 41.3787729043739\n ],\n [\n -92.96188831329346,\n 41.380640581203295\n ],\n [\n -92.96347618103027,\n 41.38196080315539\n ],\n [\n -92.96545028686523,\n 41.38212180399892\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6116d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linhart, S. 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Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaap, Bryan D.","contributorId":63438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaap","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31207,"text":"ofr0122 - 2001 - USGS/NOAA North American packrat midden database; data dictionary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:05","indexId":"ofr0122","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-22","title":"USGS/NOAA North American packrat midden database; data dictionary","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0122","usgsCitation":"Strickland, L.E., Thompson, R.S., and Anderson, K.H., 2001, USGS/NOAA North American packrat midden database; data dictionary (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-22, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0122.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2742,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f8b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strickland, Laura E. 0000-0002-1958-7273 lstrickland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-7273","contributorId":4682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"Laura","email":"lstrickland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Katherine H. 0000-0003-2677-6109","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-6109","contributorId":52556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30888,"text":"wri004272 - 2001 - Analysis of water levels in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri004272","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4272","title":"Analysis of water levels in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site","docAbstract":"Analysis of water levels in 21 wells in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site, provides information on the accuracy of hydraulic-head calculations, temporal water-level trends, and potential causes of water-level fluctuations. Accurate hydraulic heads are particularly important in Frenchman Flat where the hydraulic gradients are relatively flat (less than 1 foot per mile) in the alluvial aquifer. Temporal water-level trends with magnitudes near or exceeding the regional hydraulic gradient may have a substantial effect on ground-water flow directions.\r\n\r\nWater-level measurements can be adjusted for the effects of barometric pressure, formation water density (from water-temperature measurements), borehole deviation, and land-surface altitude in selected wells in the Frenchman Flat area. Water levels in one well were adjusted for the effect of density; this adjustment was significantly greater (about 17 feet) than the adjustment of water levels for barometric pressure, borehole deviation, or land-surface altitude (less than about 4 feet).\r\n\r\nWater-level measurements from five wells exhibited trends that were statistically and hydrologically significant. Statistically significant water-level trends were observed for three wells completed in the alluvial aquifer (WW-5a, UE-5n, and PW-3), for one well completed in the carbonate aquifer (SM-23), and for one well completed in the quartzite confining unit (Army-6a).\r\n\r\nPotential causes of water-level fluctuations in wells in the Frenchman Flat area include changes in atmospheric conditions (precipitation and barometric pressure), Earth tides, seismic activity, past underground nuclear testing, and nearby pumping. Periodic water-level measurements in some wells completed in the carbonate aquifer indicate cyclic-type water-level fluctuations that generally correlate with longer term changes (more than 5 years) in precipitation. Ground-water pumping fromthe alluvial aquifer at well WW-5c and pumping and discharge from well RNM-2s appear to cause water-level fluctuations in nearby observation wells. The remaining known sources of water-level fluctuations do not appear to substantially affect water-level changes (seismic activity and underground nuclear testing) or do not affect changes over a period of more than 1 year (barometric pressure and Earth tides) in wells in the Frenchman Flat area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004272","usgsCitation":"Bright, D., Watkins, S., and Lisle, B., 2001, Analysis of water levels in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4272, 43 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004272.","productDescription":"43 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2828,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004272","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e5a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bright, D.J.","contributorId":106159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bright","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watkins, S.A.","contributorId":83962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisle, B.A.","contributorId":102529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31300,"text":"ofr2001203 - 2001 - Ecological characterization of streams, and fish-tissue analysis for mercury and lead at selected locations, Fort Gordon, Georgia, June 1999 to May 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T16:04:17","indexId":"ofr2001203","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-203","title":"Ecological characterization of streams, and fish-tissue analysis for mercury and lead at selected locations, Fort Gordon, Georgia, June 1999 to May 2000","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon, Ga., documented the ecological condition of selected water-bodies on the Fort Gordon military installation from June 1999 to May 2000. This study includes stream-habitat assessments, aquatic invertebrate and fish-community surveys in selected stream reaches, and analyses of mercury and lead concentrations in largemouth bass (Micropterous salmoides) muscle tissue from three impoundments. \r\n\r\nAssessment surveys indicate lower habitat value scores in some streams draining the more developed areas on Fort Gordon. A small tributary to Butler Creek--which drains parking lots associated with military motor pools and other impervious surfaces--is characterized by moderate levels of bank erosion and excess sediment in the stream channel compared to reference sites. Four other stream reaches are more similar to reference streams in respect to habitat conditions. Invertebrate communities in streams draining these urbanized watersheds are inhabited by 13 to 16 taxa per reach; whereas, 23 and 33 taxa were collected from the two reference stream reaches. Measures of invertebrate abundance, taxa richness, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Tricoptera Index are lower in streams draining urbanized watersheds. Measures of community similarity also indicate differences between streams draining urbanized areas and reference streams. Streams draining developed areas on Fort Gordon are inhabited by 3 to 10 fish species and included more species regarded as tolerant of degraded water-quality conditions; whereas, the two reference stream reaches support 4 and 10 species, respectively, including one species considered intolerant of degraded water-quality conditions. \r\n\r\nMercury was detected in all largemouth bass collected from three impoundments on Fort Gordon. Wet-weight mercury concentrations in fish tissue analyzed from all sites range from 0.08 micrograms per gram to 1.33 micrograms per gram. Median mercury concentrations in fish tissue are 0.83 micrograms per gram at Soil Erosion Lake, 0.72 micrograms per gram at Lower Leitner Lake, and 0.22 micrograms per gram at Gordon Lake. Median mercury concentrations in fish tissue analyzed from Soil Erosion Lake and Lower Leitner Lake are more than two times higher than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommendation of 0.3 micrograms per gram for fish consumption. Lead concentrations are below the minimum reporting limit for all specimens analyzed from reservoirs sampled at Fort Gordon.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001203","usgsCitation":"Gregory, M.B., Stamey, T.C., and Wellborn, J.B., 2001, Ecological characterization of streams, and fish-tissue analysis for mercury and lead at selected locations, Fort Gordon, Georgia, June 1999 to May 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-203, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001203.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","temporalStart":"1999-06-01","temporalEnd":"2000-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8947,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01-203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Fort Gordon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.64465332031249,\n 33.15709799197017\n ],\n [\n -82.64465332031249,\n 33.684353657331016\n ],\n [\n -81.837158203125,\n 33.684353657331016\n ],\n [\n -81.837158203125,\n 33.15709799197017\n ],\n [\n -82.64465332031249,\n 33.15709799197017\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627c8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregory, M. Brian","contributorId":105772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stamey, Timothy C. tcstamey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamey","given":"Timothy","email":"tcstamey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wellborn, John B.","contributorId":24822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellborn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31311,"text":"ofr01241 - 2001 - Time-domain electromagnetic soundings near Antioch, Illinois and Berrien Springs, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T20:45:58.252604","indexId":"ofr01241","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-241","title":"Time-domain electromagnetic soundings near Antioch, Illinois and Berrien Springs, Michigan","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01241","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.L., 2001, Time-domain electromagnetic soundings near Antioch, Illinois and Berrien Springs, Michigan (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-241, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01241.","productDescription":"57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":391451,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42123.htm"},{"id":2959,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0241/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Michigan","city":"Antioch, Berrien Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.24424743652344,\n 42.40824865050679\n ],\n [\n -87.99018859863281,\n 42.40824865050679\n ],\n [\n -87.99018859863281,\n 42.487289285659095\n ],\n [\n -88.24424743652344,\n 42.487289285659095\n ],\n [\n -88.24424743652344,\n 42.40824865050679\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.42807006835938,\n 41.901254912872794\n ],\n [\n -86.2811279296875,\n 41.901254912872794\n ],\n [\n -86.2811279296875,\n 41.98246303636425\n ],\n [\n -86.42807006835938,\n 41.98246303636425\n ],\n [\n -86.42807006835938,\n 41.901254912872794\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b5fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, David L.","contributorId":95447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31273,"text":"ofr01141 - 2001 - Observations and recommendations regarding landslide hazards related to the January 13, 2001 M-7.6 El Salvador earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T11:22:23","indexId":"ofr01141","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-141","title":"Observations and recommendations regarding landslide hazards related to the January 13, 2001 M-7.6 El Salvador earthquake","docAbstract":"The January 13, 2001 earthquake (M-7.6) off the coast of El Salvador triggered widespread damaging landslides in many parts of the El Salvador. In the aftermath of the earthquake, the Salvadoran government requested technical assistance through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); USAID, in turn, requested help from technical experts in landslide hazards from the U.S. Geological Survey. In response to that request, we arrived in El Salvador on January 31, 2001 and worked with USAID personnel and Salvadoran agency counterparts in visiting landslide sites and evaluating present and potential hazards. A preliminary, unofficial report was prepared at the end of our trip (February 9) to provide immediate information and assistance to interested agencies and parties. The current report is an updated and somewhat expanded version of that unofficial report. Because of the brief nature of this report, conclusions and recommendations contained herein should be considered tentative and may be revised in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr01141","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R.W., and Crone, A.J., 2001, Observations and recommendations regarding landslide hazards related to the January 13, 2001 M-7.6 El Salvador earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-141, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01141.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2897,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0141/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59719,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0141/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"El Salvador","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69651e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, Randall W. 0000-0003-3399-0875 jibson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-0875","contributorId":2985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Randall","email":"jibson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31299,"text":"ofr01201 - 2001 - Hydrogeology and physical characteristics of water samples at the Red River aluminum site, Stamps, Arkansas, April 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:12","indexId":"ofr01201","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-201","title":"Hydrogeology and physical characteristics of water samples at the Red River aluminum site, Stamps, Arkansas, April 2001","docAbstract":"The Red River Aluminum site near Stamps, Arkansas, contains waste piles of salt cake and metal byproducts from the smelting of aluminum. The waste piles are subjected to about 50 inches of rainfall a year, resulting in the dissolution of the salts and metal. To assess the potential threat to underlying ground-water resources at the site, its hydrogeology was characterized by measuring water levels and field parameters of water quality in 23 wells and at 2 surface-water sites. Seventeen of these monitor wells were constructed at various depths for this study to allow for the separate characterization of the shallow and deep ground-water systems, the calculation of vertical gradients, and the collection of water samples at different depths within the flow system. Lithologic descriptions from drill-hole cuttings and geophysical logs indicate the presence of interbedded sands, gravels, silts, and clays to depths of 65 feet. The regionally important Sparta aquifer underlies the site. Water levels in shallow wells indicate radial flow away from the salt-cake pile located near the center of the site. Flow in the deep system is to the west and southwest toward Bodcau Creek. Water-level data from eight piezometer nests indicate a downward hydraulic gradient from the shallow to deep systems across the site. Values of specific conductance (an indicator of dissolved salts) ranged from 215 to 196,200 microsiemens per centimeter and indicate that saline waters are being transported horizontally and vertically downward away from the site","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01201","usgsCitation":"Czarnecki, J.B., Stanton, G.P., and Freiwald, D.A., 2001, Hydrogeology and physical characteristics of water samples at the Red River aluminum site, Stamps, Arkansas, April 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-201, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01201.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0201/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59730,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0201/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625501","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czarnecki, John B. jczarnec@usgs.gov","contributorId":2555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czarnecki","given":"John","email":"jczarnec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freiwald, David A. freiwald@usgs.gov","contributorId":226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freiwald","given":"David","email":"freiwald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31233,"text":"ofr0173 - 2001 - Summary of trends and status analysis for flow, nutrients, and sediments at selected nontidal sites, Chesapeake Bay basin, 1985-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-09T09:13:28","indexId":"ofr0173","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-73","title":"Summary of trends and status analysis for flow, nutrients, and sediments at selected nontidal sites, Chesapeake Bay basin, 1985-99","docAbstract":"Water-quality and flow data from 31 sites in nontidal portions of the Chesapeake Bay Basin were analyzed to document annual nutrient and sediment loads and trends for the period 1985 through 1999 as part of an annual reevaluation and reporting for the Chesapeake Bay Program. Annual loads were estimated by use of the U.S. Geological Survey ESTIMATOR model. Trends were estimated using linear regression. Trends were reported for monthly mean flow, monthly load, flow-adjusted concentration, and flow-weighted concentration. Median yields and concentrations were calculated to help facilitate comparisons between basins. The drought of 1999 had pronounced effects on trend results. The trend in flow increased at 4 of the 31 sites, 8 fewer sites than in 1998. Ten less significant trends were estimated for nutrient and sediment loads compared to 1985-98. Trends in flow-weighted and flow-adjusted concentrations varied little by nutrient species and geographic location. Trends were generally downward or not significant for both the nitrogen and phosphorus species throughout the Chesapeake Bay Basin. Trends in flow-adjusted concentration indicated downward trends at most sites for nutrients and about half the sites for sediments, an indication that management actions are reducing nutrient and sediment concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0173","usgsCitation":"Langland, M., Edwards, R.E., Sprague, L., and Yochum, S., 2001, Summary of trends and status analysis for flow, nutrients, and sediments at selected nontidal sites, Chesapeake Bay basin, 1985-99: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-73, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0173.","productDescription":"49 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0073/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2802,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0073/ofr20010073.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.81 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2001-0073"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Annual loads and flow-adjusted concentration trends were estimated by use of water-quality and streamflow data collected from 1990 through 1999 at monitoring stations on two tributaries to Chesapeake Bay in Virginia—James River at Cartersville, Va., and Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va. The effects of storm-sampling frequency on the accuracy and precision of load and trend estimates were determined by use of data sets containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 percent of all storm samples collected in these two basins of different size, relief, and land use. Data sets included a range of dissolved and particulate constituents for the 10-year period from 1990 to 1999 and the 5-year period from 1995 to 1999.
Loads of dissolved constituents were estimated with greater accuracy and precision with fewer storm samples than loads of particulate constituents in both basins and for both time periods. All constituent loads were estimated with greater precision with fewer storm samples in the James River than in the Rappahannock River for both periods. The high relief and smaller drainage area of the Rappahannock River Basin caused quicker and more variable stream response than in the James River Basin, which led to less precise load estimates of all constituents, regardless of how many storm samples were included. For the James River, the magnitudes of the load estimates in the 5-year period were close to the estimates from the same years for the 10-year period for the dissolved constituents, but were smaller for the particulate constituents. Load estimates were more variable for the Rappahannock River than for the James River during the shorter period. In both basins, all estimates in the 5-year period had higher prediction errors than those in the 10-year period. Overall, loads of dissolved constituents were estimated with greater accuracy and precision with fewer storm samples than loads of particulate constituents; loads of all constituents were estimated with greater accuracy and precision over the longer time period; and load estimates of all constituents were more precise and required fewer storm samples in the larger and less flashy James River Basin than in the Rappahannock River Basin.
As with load estimates, estimates of flow-adjusted concentration trends were sensitive to the length of the monitoring period and the size of the basin; however, trend estimates generally were less sensitive than load estimates to the number of storm samples in the data set. Trends in flow-adjusted concentrations were estimated reasonably well with fewer storm samples for both dissolved and particulate constituents in the James River for the 10-year period, with the exception of total suspended solids. Data sets containing more storm samples were needed to obtain reasonable trend estimates for the 5-year period in this river. For the 10-year period in the Rappahannock River, more storm samples were necessary than in the James River to obtain reasonable estimates of trends for all constituents. No significant trends were observed for the 5-year period in this river, so the effect of storm-sampling frequency could not be determined. Because of the small number of significant trends throughout these data sets, it was not possible to determine whether fewer storm samples were required for estimating trends of dissolved constituents than particulate constituents. The results indicate that more storm samples were necessary for accurate estimation of trends during the shorter time period and in the smaller and flashier Rappahannock River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Sprague, L., 2001, Effects of storm-sampling frequency on estimation of water-quality loads and trends in two tributaries to Chesapeake Bay in Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4136, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014136.","productDescription":"38 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2907,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4136/wri20014136.pdf","text":"Report","size":"974 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4136"},{"id":161229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4136/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
The Arctic quadrangle is well located to shed light on the basic geologic relations of northern Alaska. The rocks represent all of the stratigraphic systems from Cambrian to Cretaceous and all but one of the tectono-stratigraphic subterranes of the Brooks Range, from the autochthonous subterrane in the north to the allochthonous subterranes farther south. Among the distinctive geologic features displayed in the Arctic quadrangle are voluminous volcanic rocks of probable Devonian age, a wide array of Carboniferous carbonate facies in the Lisburne Group (which here extends up into the Middle Pennsylvanian), the southward transition of Upper Devonian (Famennian) clastic facies from fluvial conglomerate to marine sandstone, a full display of Upper Devonian (Frasnian) reef-related strata, and fossiliferous Ordovician rocks in both carbonate and chert terranes. Most of the quadrangle is in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) and Arctic Wildlife Refuge Wilderness. The quadrangle also includes Arctic Village, the only village in the region and a potential destination or transfer point for visitors to the wildlife refuge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2673","usgsCitation":"Brosge, W., Reiser, H.N., Dutro, J., Detterman, R.L., and Tailleur, I., 2001, Geologic map of the Arctic Quadrangle, Alaska (Online Version 1.0 ): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2673, Sheet 1, 45 by 34 inches (in color); sheet 2, 29 by 29 inches; Accompanied by 38 page text, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2673.","productDescription":"Sheet 1, 45 by 34 inches (in color); sheet 2, 29 by 29 inches; Accompanied by 38 page text","costCenters":[{"id":386,"text":"Mineral Resources - Alaska","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":187722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9382,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2673/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110196,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42116.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"42116"}],"scale":"200000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147,68 ], [ -147,69 ], [ -144,69 ], [ -144,68 ], [ -147,68 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online Version 1.0 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a858a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosge, W. P.","contributorId":58248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosge","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reiser, H. N.","contributorId":13199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutro, J.T. Jr.","contributorId":8432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutro","given":"J.T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Detterman, R. L.","contributorId":71525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tailleur, I.L.","contributorId":59027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tailleur","given":"I.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}