{"pageNumber":"309","pageRowStart":"7700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":57064,"text":"b2034A - 1993 - Petroleum exploration plays and resource estimates, 1989, onshore United States; Region 1, Alaska; Region 2, Pacific Coast","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":57064,"text":"b2034A - 1993 - Petroleum exploration plays and resource estimates, 1989, onshore United States; Region 1, Alaska; Region 2, Pacific Coast","indexId":"b2034A","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Petroleum exploration plays and resource estimates, 1989, onshore United States; Region 1, Alaska; Region 2, Pacific Coast"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33514,"text":"b2034 - 1993 - Petroleum exploration plays and resource estimates, 1989, onshore United States","indexId":"b2034","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Petroleum exploration plays and resource estimates, 1989, onshore United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33514,"text":"b2034 - 1993 - Petroleum exploration plays and resource estimates, 1989, onshore United States","indexId":"b2034","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Petroleum exploration plays and resource estimates, 1989, onshore United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-13T14:50:47","indexId":"b2034A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2034","chapter":"A","title":"Petroleum exploration plays and resource estimates, 1989, onshore United States; Region 1, Alaska; Region 2, Pacific Coast","docAbstract":"<p>This study provides brief discussions of the petroleum geology, play descriptions, and resource estimates of 220 individually assessed exploration plays in all 80 onshore geologic provinces within nine assessment regions of the continental United States in 1989; these 80 onshore provinces were assessed in connection with the determination of the Nation's estimated undiscovered resources of oil and gas. The present report covers the 25 provinces that make up Region 1, Alaska, and Region 2, Pacific Coast. It is our intention to issue Region 3, Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range, and Region 4, Rocky Mountains and Northern Great Plains, in book form as well. Regions 5 through 9 (West Texas and Eastern New Mexico, Gulf Coast, Midcontinent, Eastern Interior and Atlantic Coast) will be released individually, as Open-File Reports.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b2034A","usgsCitation":"1993, Petroleum exploration plays and resource estimates, 1989, onshore United States; Region 1, Alaska; Region 2, Pacific Coast: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2034, p. A1-A138, https://doi.org/10.3133/b2034A.","productDescription":"p. A1-A138","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2034a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88240,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2034a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687ed7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Powers, Richard B.","contributorId":52248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737938,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18120,"text":"ofr93478 - 1993 - National Water Quality Assessment Program; preliminary assessment of nitrate distribution in ground water in the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit, 1972-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T10:35:35","indexId":"ofr93478","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-478","title":"National Water Quality Assessment Program; preliminary assessment of nitrate distribution in ground water in the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit, 1972-90","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has implemented the National Water Quality Assessment program to describe the quality of the surface- and ground- water resources in 60 large areas or study units in the Nation. The Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit was one of the first 20 selected for study when the full-scale program was implemented in 1991. The study unit has an area of about 54,000 square miles and is located on the south- eastern coast of the United States. The primary source of water supply in this study unit is ground-water from the Upper Floridan aquifer of the Floridan aquifer system. The Upper Floridan aquifer is unconfined or semiconfined in some parts of the study unit, but in other parts is confined by the overlying surficial aquifer system and other confining units. The surficial aquifer system is also used for water supply in some parts of the study unit. Three land-resource areas have been delineated in the study unit on the basis of generalized soil classifications: the Central Florida Ridge, Coastal Flatwoods, and Southern Coastal Plain. Predominant land use and land cover as classified in the 1970's, are forest, agriculture, wetlands, and urban. Nitrate data for water from the Upper Floridan aquifer and the surficial aquifer system were obtained from the National Water Information System data base of the U.S. Geological Survey for the years 1972- 90. In the Upper Floridan aquifer, the highest median nitrate (as nitrogen) concentrations (0.43 and 0.26 milligrams per liter) were in water samples from wells in agricultural and urban areas where the aquifer was unconfined or semiconfined. The maximum contaminant level for nitrate (as nitrogen) in drinking water of 10 milligrams per liter was exceeded in 25 of the 726 water samples from this aquifer. These 25 samples were from wells in urban areas. In water samples from the surficial aquifer system, the highest median nitrate concentration, 8.7 milligrams per liter, was for water samples from agricultural areas in the Central Florida Ridge area. Nitrate (as nitrogen) concentrations exceeded 10 milligrams per liter in 50 of the 421 water samples from wells completed in the surficial aquifer system. Most of these 50 water samples were from wells in agricultural and urban areas (sewage spraying areas) in the Central Florida Ridge area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93478","usgsCitation":"Berndt, M.P., 1993, National Water Quality Assessment Program; preliminary assessment of nitrate distribution in ground water in the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit, 1972-90: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-478, 8 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93478.","productDescription":"8 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0478/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1067,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":58668,"text":"mf1996E - 1993 - Mineralogical maps showing distribution of selected ore-related minerals in the nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral-concentrate fraction of stream sediment from the Mount Hayes 1 degree by 3 degrees Quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:33:35","indexId":"mf1996E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1996","chapter":"E","title":"Mineralogical maps showing distribution of selected ore-related minerals in the nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral-concentrate fraction of stream sediment from the Mount Hayes 1 degree by 3 degrees Quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Exploratory geochemical sampling was done in 1979, 1980, and 1981. The collection of composite samples of stream sediment or glacial debris was emphasized the first 2 years; the last year was spent collecting mineralized stream pebbles, float, and outcrop samples. The stream-sediment and heavy- mineral-concentrate samples were collected at 795 sites on tributary streams having drainage basins ranging from 1 to 5 mi 2 in area. The glacial debris samples were collected at 116 sites on tributary glaciers also having drainage basins ranging from 1 to 5 mi2 in area. All of these samples were analyzed for 31 elements by six-step semiquantitative emission spectrography (Grimes and Marranzino, 1968). In addition, all samples were analyzed for zinc by an atomic absorption method (Ward and others, 1969). The spectrographic and chemical results are available in O'Leary and others (1982).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1996E","usgsCitation":"Tripp, R.B., Curtin, G.C., Nokleberg, W.J., Huston, D.L., and Hampton, J.R., 1993, Mineralogical maps showing distribution of selected ore-related minerals in the nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral-concentrate fraction of stream sediment from the Mount Hayes 1 degree by 3 degrees Quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1996, Report: 13 p.; 3 Plates: 33.88 x 42.89 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1996E.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 3 Plates: 33.88 x 42.89 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1996E.jpg"},{"id":105167,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5590.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5590"},{"id":310213,"rank":701,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-E/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310214,"rank":702,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-E/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310215,"rank":703,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-E/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310216,"rank":704,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-E/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147,63 ], [ -147,64 ], [ -144,64 ], [ -144,63 ], [ -147,63 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e479de4b07f02db491e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tripp, Richard B.","contributorId":25997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tripp","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curtin, Gary C.","contributorId":89109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":260336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huston, David L.","contributorId":67139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huston","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hampton, James R.","contributorId":34591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":260334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":66988,"text":"i1803H - 1993 - Geologic map of the Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":41450,"text":"ofr83168 - 1983 - Preliminary geologic map of the Dillon 1? x 2? Quadrangle, Montana","indexId":"ofr83168","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Dillon 1? x 2? Quadrangle, Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":66988,"text":"i1803H - 1993 - Geologic map of the Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","indexId":"i1803H","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Geologic map of the Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T21:24:17.032723","indexId":"i1803H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1803","chapter":"H","title":"Geologic map of the Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","docAbstract":"The digital ARC/INFO databases included in this website provide a GIS database for the geologic map of the Dillon 1 degree by 2 degree quadrangle of southwest Montana and east-central Idaho.  The geologic map was originally published as U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1803-H.  This website directory contains ARC/INFO format files that can be used to query or display the geology of USGS Map I-1803-H with GIS software.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1803H","usgsCitation":"Ruppel, E.T., Lopez, D.A., and O’Neill, J., 1993, Geologic map of the Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1803, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1803H.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438920,"rank":701,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E0IPJR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"GIS Data for Geologic Map of the Dillon 1 x 2 Degrees Quadrangle, Idaho and Montana"},{"id":190090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6098,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1803-h/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":107138,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9931.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9931"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,45 ], [ -114,46 ], [ -112,46 ], [ -112,45 ], [ -114,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697be1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppel, E. T.","contributorId":6041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopez, D. A.","contributorId":99983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neill, J.M.","contributorId":85562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21040,"text":"ofr93108 - 1993 - Selected hydrologic data for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, 1890-1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-18T20:08:25.951401","indexId":"ofr93108","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-108","title":"Selected hydrologic data for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, 1890-1992","docAbstract":"<p>This report contains hydrologic data collected in southern Utah and Goshen Valleys from 1890 to 1992. Southern Utah and Goshen Valleys are south of Salt Lake City in Utah County, north-central Utah. The area is bounded on the east and south by the Wasatch Range, on the south by Long Ridge, on the west by the East Tintic Mountains and the Mosida Hills, and on the north by a line through about the middle of T. 7 S. Southern Utah Valley and Goshen Valley are divided by the northern tip of Long Ridge, West Mountain, and Utah Lake (Cordova, 1970). The area is in the Basin and Range physiographic province described by Fenneman (1931), and includes about 390 square miles.</p><p>Most of the data in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights. Some of the earlier data were published previously by Cordova (1969 and 1970).</p><p>The purpose of this report is to provide hydrologic data for use by the general public and by officials managing the area's water resources, and to document data collected during a 4-year study of the ground-water resources in southern Utah and Goshen Valleys. Tables 1 to 8 contain selected ground- and surface-water data. Select data, including well depth and water level, is given for over 400 wells, and chemical analyses are given of samples from about 90 wells. The numbering system used in Utah for hydrologic-data sites is illustrated in figure 1. Hydrologic-data sites are shown on plate 1.</p><p>These data could not have been collected without the cooperation of local residents and officials of irrigation companies and municipalities, who permitted access to their wells and property.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr93108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Stolp, B.J., Drumiler, M.J., and Brooks, L.E., 1993, Selected hydrologic data for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, 1890-1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-108, Report: iv, 110 p.; 1 Plate: 18.74 in x 21.11 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93108.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 110 p.; 1 Plate: 18.74 in x 21.11 in","numberOfPages":"113","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0108/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":420917,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12626.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":50630,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0108/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50631,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0108/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Goshen Valley, Utah Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.042,\n              40.209\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.042,\n              39.809\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.512,\n              39.809\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.512,\n              40.209\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.042,\n              40.209\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"This report is also Utah Hydrologic-Data Report no. 50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8a5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497 bjstolp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard","email":"bjstolp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drumiler, Marilyn J.","contributorId":68767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drumiler","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":38459,"text":"pp1414B - 1993 - Regional aquifers in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: Geohydrologic framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T19:40:06.531886","indexId":"pp1414B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1414","chapter":"B","title":"Regional aquifers in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: Geohydrologic framework","docAbstract":"<p>Regional aquifers are described within a 370,000-square-mile area extending from the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado to the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers in eastern Nebraska and Missouri, and from South Dakota to the Ouachita, Arbuckle, and Wichita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma.</p>\n<p>The present geohydrologic framework of aquifers and confining units in this area is controlled by topography, geologic structures, and hydraulic properties. All of these characteristics are the result of past geologic and hydrologic processes. From the end of the Precambrian to Late Cambrian time, the area was above sea level, and an uneven erosional surface had developed on the fractured crystalline rocks. From Late Cambrian through Middle Ordovician time, a transgressive but cyclic sea covered the area. The oldest deposits were mostly permeable sand followed by slightly permeable calcareous mud consisting of aragonite and algal remains.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1414B","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, D.G., Helgesen, J.O., and Imes, J.L., 1993, Regional aquifers in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: Geohydrologic framework: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1414, Report: vii, 72 p.;  25 Plates: 36.00 × 35.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1414B.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 72 p.;  25 Plates: 36.00 × 35.00 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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,{"id":67183,"text":"i1970A - 1993 - Map showing thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains; northeastern states, the Great Lakes, and parts of southern Ontario and the Atlantic offshore area (east of 80 degrees 31 minutes west longitude)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T14:18:40","indexId":"i1970A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1970","chapter":"A","title":"Map showing thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains; northeastern states, the Great Lakes, and parts of southern Ontario and the Atlantic offshore area (east of 80 degrees 31 minutes west longitude)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i1970A","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 1993, Map showing thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains; northeastern states, the Great Lakes, and parts of southern Ontario and the Atlantic offshore area (east of 80 degrees 31 minutes west longitude): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1970, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1970A.","productDescription":"HTML","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":107225,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10047.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10047"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania,Rhode Island, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.419921875,\n              39.90973623453719\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.97265625,\n              39.90973623453719\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.97265625,\n              47.15984001304432\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.419921875,\n              47.15984001304432\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.419921875,\n              39.90973623453719\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b11e4b07f02db6a2476","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, D. R.","contributorId":25923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19723,"text":"ofr93440 - 1993 - Diazinon concentrations in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and San Francisco Bay, California, February 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T14:36:51","indexId":"ofr93440","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-440","title":"Diazinon concentrations in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and San Francisco Bay, California, February 1993","docAbstract":"<p>The distribution and possible biological effects of a dormant spray pesticide, diazinon, were examined by measuring pesticide concentrations and estimating toxicity using bioassays at a series of sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay. Pulses of diazinon were observed in early February 1993 in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers after heavy rains, with elevated concentrations measured for a few days to weeks at a time. The pulse of diazinon in the Sacramento River was followed from Sacramento through Suisun Bay, the eastward embayment of San Francisco Bay. In the central delta, well-defined pulses of diazinon were not observed at the Old and Middle River sites; instead, the concentrations steadily increased throughout February. Ceriodaphnia dubia mortality was 100% in water samples collected for 12 consecutive days (February 8-19) from the San Joaquin River at Vernalis. The bioassay mortality corresponded with the peak diazinon concentrations. Conversely, no toxicity was observed in water collected before or after peaks of diazinon concentration. Other pesticides present also could contribute to the toxicity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr93440","usgsCitation":"Kuivila, K., 1993, Diazinon concentrations in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and San Francisco Bay, California, February 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-440, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93440.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":49197,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0440/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0440/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River, San Francisco Bay, San Joaquin River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.24212646484375,\n              37.71207219310847\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.24212646484375,\n              38.56105262446978\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25885009765625,\n              38.56105262446978\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25885009765625,\n              37.71207219310847\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.24212646484375,\n              37.71207219310847\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65da61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":181396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39619,"text":"pp1537 - 1993 - Mineralogy, mineral chemistry, and paragenesis of gold, silver, and base-metal ores of the North Amethyst vein system, San Juan Mountains, Mineral County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:30:09","indexId":"pp1537","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1537","title":"Mineralogy, mineral chemistry, and paragenesis of gold, silver, and base-metal ores of the North Amethyst vein system, San Juan Mountains, Mineral County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Gold-rich adularia-sericite-type mineralization occurs near the southern margin of the San Luis caldera, at the intersection of the Equity fault and the northern extension of the Amethyst fault system. Mineralized rock is confined primarily to steeply dipping structures in silicified rhyolite and dacite. Intense sericitic alteration occurs at higher levels in the vein system, and wall rock adjacent to some veins is bleached. The ores are multiply brecciated, and vein filling locally shows sedimentary textures.</p>\n<p>Textural, mineralogical, and chemical criteria indicate that there are at least two partially coextensive associations of mineral assemblages separated by periods of brecciation and sedimentation. An older gold-bearing association consists of two fine-grained ore stages, both of which contain electrum, uytenbogaardtite, tetrahedrite, silver sulfosalts, silver sulfides and base-metal sulfides, and a manganese-rich stage containing the assemblages (1) manganese silicate + manganese carbonate minerals + quartz and (2) magnetite + hematite + pyrite + quartz. A younger crosscutting association contains calcite, adularia, fluorite, and quartz, plus the assemblages (1) coarse-grained basemetal sulfides and (2) hematite + chlorite + quartz. Quartz, manganese-rich calcite, and trace pyrite line late-stage vugs.</p>\n<p>Mineralogic, lead-isotopic, and fluid-inclusion characteristics of the younger association are similar to those of ores of the southern and central parts of the Creede mining district. In contrast, the gold and manganese-silicate assemblages of the older association are rare to absent in the southern and central parts of the district. The local and early occurrence of the manganese and gold assemblages may indicate that they formed in a small hydrothermal cell that predated the extensive hydrothermal system from which ores of the central and southern parts of the Creede district are proposed to have been deposited (Bethke, 1988). If similar early-stage cells were present in the southern and central parts of the district, they may have been replaced or overprinted by later assemblages, and they may remain to be discovered. In the latter case, mineral assemblages that formed at early stages in the paragenesis hold the most promise for gold exploration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp1537","usgsCitation":"Foley, N.K., Caddey, S.W., Byington, C.B., and Vardiman, D.M., 1993, Mineralogy, mineral chemistry, and paragenesis of gold, silver, and base-metal ores of the North Amethyst vein system, San Juan Mountains, Mineral County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1537, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1537.","productDescription":"39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":67237,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1537/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":126518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1537/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Mineral County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.5,\n              37.00693943418586\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.5,\n              38.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              38.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              37.00693943418586\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.5,\n              37.00693943418586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":221815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caddey, Stanton W.","contributorId":55506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caddey","given":"Stanton","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byington, Craig B.","contributorId":10287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byington","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vardiman, David M.","contributorId":45577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vardiman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":4192,"text":"cir1096 - 1993 - Statistics of petroleum exploration in the Caribbean, Latin America, Western Europe, the Middle East, Africa, non-communist Asia, and the southwestern Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"cir1096","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1096","title":"Statistics of petroleum exploration in the Caribbean, Latin America, Western Europe, the Middle East, Africa, non-communist Asia, and the southwestern Pacific","docAbstract":"This circular presents a summary of the geographic \r\nlocation, amount, and results of petroleum exploration, including an atlas showing explored and delineated prospective areas through 1990. The data show that wildcat well drilling has continued through the last decade to expand the prospective area by about 40,000 to 50,000 square miles per year. However, the area delineated by 1970, which represents only about one-third of the prospective area delineated to date, contains about 80 percent of the oil discovered to date. This discovery distribution suggests that, from an overall prospective, the industry was successful in delineating the most productive areas early. The price increases of the 1970's and 1980's allowed the commercial exploration and development of fields in high-cost areas, such as the North Sea and Campos Basin, Brazil. Data on natural-gas discoveries also indicate that gas will be supplying an increasing share of the worldwide energy market. \r\n\r\nThe size distribution of petroleum provinces is highly skewed. The skewed distribution and the stability in province size orderings suggest that intense exploration in identified provinces will not change the distribution of oil within the study area. Although evidence of the field-growth phenomenon outside the United States and Canada is presented, the data are not yet reliable enough for projecting future growth. The field-growth phenomenon implies not only that recent discoveries are substantially understated, but that field growth could become the dominant source of additions to proved reserves in the future.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFree on application to U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/cir1096","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and Root, D.H., 1993, Statistics of petroleum exploration in the Caribbean, Latin America, Western Europe, the Middle East, Africa, non-communist Asia, and the southwestern Pacific: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1096, v, 129 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1096.","productDescription":"v, 129 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1993/1096/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31306,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1993/1096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691d0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Root, David H.","contributorId":92232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29234,"text":"wri914079 - 1993 - Ground-water resources of the Caguas-Juncos Valley, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T20:53:57.601555","indexId":"wri914079","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4079","title":"Ground-water resources of the Caguas-Juncos Valley, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"?The Caguas-Juncos valley, which occupies an area of 35 square miles in east-central Puerto Rico, is underlain by the largely unconfined alluvial aquifer.  Withdrawals from this aquifer for public water supply and for agricultural, industrial, and domestic water uses totalled about 3.0 million gallons per day in 1988.  Some wells in the valley yield as much as 310 gallons per minute from the alluvial deposits along Rio Gurabo near Gurabo and near Juncos.  Wells used at dairy farms in the area commonly yield about 30 gallons per minute. The potentiometric surface of the alluvial aquifer varies seasonally and generally is highest near the end of December and lowest in April. Transmissivity of the alluvial aquifer, estimated from specific capacity and slug test data, ranges from 65 to 4,800 feet squared per day.  The estimated specific yield of the water-table is about 10 to 15 percent.  The amount of water stored in the aquifer is estimated to be about 122,000 acre-feet.  Analyses of ground-water samples revealed the presence of two distinct problems-- high natural concentrations of iron and manganese, and localized areas of human- related contamination scattered throughout the valley.  The ground water is a calcium-bicarbonate type and typically has dissolved solids concentrations of less than 500 milligrams per liter.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914079","usgsCitation":"Puig, J.C., and Rodriguez, J.M., 1993, Ground-water resources of the Caguas-Juncos Valley, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4079, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914079.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58090,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4079/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4079/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414050,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47497.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Caguas-Juncos Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.0833,\n              18.3083\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.0833,\n              18.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.833,\n              18.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.833,\n              18.3083\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.0833,\n              18.3083\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d474","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puig, J. C.","contributorId":63437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puig","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, J. M.","contributorId":70421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":49129,"text":"ofr89620 - 1993 - Water resources and the hydrologic effects of coal mining in Washington County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T11:40:58","indexId":"ofr89620","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-620","title":"Water resources and the hydrologic effects of coal mining in Washington County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>Washington County occupies an area of 864 square miles in southwestern Pennsylvania and lies within the Pittsburgh Plateaus Section of the Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province. About 69 percent of the county population is served by public water-supply systems, and the Monongahela River is the source for 78 percent of the public-supply systems. The remaining 31 percent of the population depends on wells, springs, and cisterns for its domestic water supply. The sedimentary rocks of Pennsylvanian and Permian age that underlie the county include sandstone, siltstone, limestone, shale, and coal. The mean reported yield of bedrock wells ranges from 8.8 gallons per minute in the Pittsburgh .Formation to 46 gallons per minute in the Casselman Formation. Annual water-level fluctuations usually range from less than 3 ft (feet) beneath a valley to about 16 ft beneath a hilltop. Average hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.01 to 18 ft per day. Water-level fluctuations and aquifer-test results suggest that most ground water circulates within 150 ft of land surface. A three-dimensional computer flow-model analysis indicates 96 percent of the total ground-water recharge remains in the upper 80 to 110 ft of bedrock (shallow aquifer system). The regional flow system (more than 250ft deep in the main valley) receives less than 0.1 percent of the total ground-water recharge from the Brush Run basin. The predominance of the shallow aquifer system is substantiated by driller's reports, which show almost all water bearing zones are less than 150ft below land surface. The modeling of an unmined basin showed that the hydrologic factors that govern regional groundwater flow can differ widely spatially but have little effect on the shallow aquifers that supply water to most domestic wells. However, the shallow aquifers are sensitive to hydrologic factors within this shallow aquifer system (such as ground-water recharge, hydraulic conductivity of the streamaquifer interface, and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer). A vertical fracture zone would probably increase ground-water availability within the zone and would probably result in a lower head in the shallow aquifers in an upland draw area and an increased head in a valley. l Streams in the northern and western parts of the county drain to the Ohio River and streams in the eastern and southern parts of the county drain to the Monongahela River. The computed 7-day, 10-year low-flow frequencies for the surface-water sites ranged from 0.0 to 55 x 10-3 cubic feet per second per square mile. The lowest low-flow discharges per square mile were in the south-central and southwestern parts of the county. The highest low-flow discharges per square mile were in the eastern and northern parts of the county. The annual water loss at five gaged streams ranged from 52 to 75 percent of the total precipitation. The loss resulted from evaporation, transpiration, diversion, mines, ground-water outflow from the system, and plant and animal consumption. The major ground-water-quality problems are elevated concentrations of iron, manganese, and dissolved solids, and very hard water. Minor groundwater-quality problems include elevated concentrations of fluoride, chloride, and sulfate. Downgradient along the ground-water flow path, principal ions change from mostly calcium, magnesium, sulfate, and bicarbonate to sodium and chloride. Dissolyed-solids concentrations generally increase with residence time .. Elevated concentrations of sulfate and total dissolved solids were common at the surface-water sites in the northern and eastern parts of the county where most of the active and abandohed coal mines are located and where acid mine drainage is most prevalent. However, measured alkalinity at most of the surface-water sites ranged from 86 to 345 milligrams per liter, indicating that these streams would have a neutralizing effect on most inflows of acid mine drainage. The model of the hypothetically mined Brush Run basin shows that the vertical hydraulic conductivity (either existing or induced by mine subsidence) between the shallow ground-water system and the mine, and the depth to the mine are critical controls on the amount of ground water entering the mine. When the vertical hydraulic conductivity was increased by a factor of four for a mine about 250 ft deep in the main valley, inflow to the mine increased almost by the same factor. The model also shows that increasing the depth to a mine by 200 ft (mine about 450 ft deep in main valley) would cause mine inflow to decrease one order of magnitude. Comparisons between stream discharges during low base-flow conditions in a mined basin (Daniels Run) and an unrnined basin (Brush Run) indicated that the deep mining did not substantially lower streamflow. Although streamflow decreased and, at times, completely disappeared in the middle and lower parts of Daniels Run basin, it reappeared again downstream as ground-water discharge and was part of the flow at the mouth of Daniels Run. Comparison of the water-quality characteristics of the two basins showed that concentrations of dissolved solids, sulfate, sodium, chloride, fluoride, and manganese were greater in the mined basin than in the unmined basin. The pH and iron concentrations were similar in both basins. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89620","usgsCitation":"Williams, D.R., Felbinger, J.K., and Squillace, P.J., 1993, Water resources and the hydrologic effects of coal mining in Washington County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-620, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89620.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266822,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0620/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania 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Donald R.","contributorId":72825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Felbinger, John K.","contributorId":60285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felbinger","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Squillace, Paul J.","contributorId":59415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26651,"text":"wri914111 - 1993 - Hydrology of the L.C. Holding coal-lease tract and adjacent areas, southwestern Utah, and potential effects of coal mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T22:06:33.129767","indexId":"wri914111","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4111","title":"Hydrology of the L.C. Holding coal-lease tract and adjacent areas, southwestern Utah, and potential effects of coal mining","docAbstract":"The U.S. Bureau of Land Management recognized a need for baseline hydrologic data and an understanding of the hydrologic system in the L.C. Holding coal-lease tract in order to determine the potential effects of mining on the water resources of the area. The potential impacts of mining on the hydrology of the area are of concern because Zion National Park is less than 3 miles from the westernmost part of the lease tract.  Much of the water that passes through the Park either originates in the lease tract or traverses it.  Runoff from melting snowpacks and summer thundershowers contributes most of the flow to perennial streams in the area. Base flow is sustained by spring discharge and diffuse seepage. Regional groundwater movement is southward. Most of the geologic formations in the study area contain aquifers. The water table of the regional aquifer is about 870 ft deep in the Navajo Sandstone. Groundwater issuing from the Navajo Sandstone on the east side of Zion Canyon has specific conductance values several times larger than groundwater from the west side, indicating recharge to the Navajo from the overlying strata, which contain water of larger specific conductance. Potential effects of mining in the area include: (1) increased dissolved-solids concen- trations and decreased pH values in both surface and groundwater; (2) dewatering of aquifers, causing a decrease or cessation of flow to some springs; and (3) land subsidence and associated subsidence fractures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914111","usgsCitation":"Cordy, G., Seiler, R.L., and Stolp, B., 1993, Hydrology of the L.C. Holding coal-lease tract and adjacent areas, southwestern Utah, and potential effects of coal mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4111, Report: vii, 84 p.; 2 Plates: 24.88 × 27.67 inches and 25.92 × 29.21 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914111.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 84 p.; 2 Plates: 24.88 × 27.67 inches and 25.92 × 29.21 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394286,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47518.htm"},{"id":55529,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4111/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55528,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4111/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55527,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4111/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4111/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.8667,\n              37.2639\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.7192,\n              37.2639\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.7192,\n              37.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8667,\n              37.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8667,\n              37.2639\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66712f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordy, G. E.","contributorId":59075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordy","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":71942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":47890,"text":"b1988D - 1993 - Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of Mount Ichabod and Dorsey Canyon, Elko County, Nevada: Evidence for post-Early Triassic emplacement of the Roberts Mountains and Golconda allochthons","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47890,"text":"b1988D - 1993 - Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of Mount Ichabod and Dorsey Canyon, Elko County, Nevada: Evidence for post-Early Triassic emplacement of the Roberts Mountains and Golconda allochthons","indexId":"b1988D","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of Mount Ichabod and Dorsey Canyon, Elko County, Nevada: Evidence for post-Early Triassic emplacement of the Roberts Mountains and Golconda allochthons"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33239,"text":"b1988 - 1992 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Eastern Great Basin","indexId":"b1988","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Eastern Great Basin"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33239,"text":"b1988 - 1992 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Eastern Great Basin","indexId":"b1988","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Eastern Great Basin"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T22:20:34.991519","indexId":"b1988D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1988","chapter":"D","title":"Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of Mount Ichabod and Dorsey Canyon, Elko County, Nevada: Evidence for post-Early Triassic emplacement of the Roberts Mountains and Golconda allochthons","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1988D","usgsCitation":"Ketner, K.B., Murchey, B.L., Stamm, R.G., and Wardlaw, B.R., 1993, Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of Mount Ichabod and Dorsey Canyon, Elko County, Nevada: Evidence for post-Early Triassic emplacement of the Roberts Mountains and Golconda allochthons: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1988, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1988D.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1988d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":100058,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1988d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410903,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22210.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Elko County","otherGeospatial":"Dorsey Canyon, Mount Ichabod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              41.633\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              41.458\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.542,\n              41.458\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.542,\n              41.633\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              41.633\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db6899b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketner, Keith B.","contributorId":957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":236456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murchey, Benita L. bmurchey@usgs.gov","contributorId":504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"Benita","email":"bmurchey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":236455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamm, Robert G. 0000-0001-9141-5364 rstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-5364","contributorId":4702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"Robert","email":"rstamm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54854,"text":"wdrNY921 - 1993 - Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1992; Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-14T11:21:44","indexId":"wdrNY921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NY-92-1","title":"Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1992; Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1992 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and ground water levels. This volume contains records for water discharge at 111 gaging stations; stage only at 4 gaging stations; stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 19 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 34 gaging stations; and water levels at 24 observation wells. Also included are data for 36 crest-stage partial-record stations. Locations of all these sites are shown on figures 8A and 8B. Additional water data were collected at various sites not in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data, together with the data in volumes 2 and 3, represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U. S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New York. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New York and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Firda, G.D., Lumia, R., and Murray, P.M., 1993, Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1992; Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-92-1, xiii, 362 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY921.","productDescription":"xiii, 362 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363760,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/ny-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/ny-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.25,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.1,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.1,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.25,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.25,\n              41\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb1a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Firda, Gary D. gfirda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firda","given":"Gary","email":"gfirda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, Patricia M. pmurray@usgs.gov","contributorId":4863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Patricia","email":"pmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26902,"text":"wri924025 - 1993 - Hydrologic data and hydrologic budget for Summit Lake Reservoir, Henry County, East-Central Indiana, water years 1989 and 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T07:45:42","indexId":"wri924025","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4025","title":"Hydrologic data and hydrologic budget for Summit Lake Reservoir, Henry County, East-Central Indiana, water years 1989 and 1990","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic data were collected near Summit Lake Reservoir for 2 years beginning October 1, 1988, and ending September 30, 1990. The data-collection network consisted of 1 reservoir-stage gage, 2 precipitation gages, 1 evaporation pan, 2 streamflow gages, and 13 observation wells. Stage-area and stage-storage relations for the reservoir were used in combination with the hydrologic data to determine the reservoir's annual hydrologic budgets for water years 1989 and 1990.</p>\n<p>Components of the hydrologic budget are considered either as inflow or outflow. Differences between inflow and outflow result in a change in reservoir storage. Components of inflow are direct precipitation, surface-water flow, and ground-water flow. Components of outflow are evaporation and ground-water flow. There was no surface-water outflow during the study.</p>\n<p>The hydrologic budget was calculated by use of daily, monthly, and yearly values of precipitation and surface-water flow, monthly values of ground-water flow, and yearly values of evaporation and reservoir storage. Comparison of results from different time intervals indicates there is little difference between annual volumes for components calculated from daily and monthly values. Annual volumes calculated from yearly values differ by less than 5 percent from those calculated from daily and monthly values.</p>\n<p>The total inflow to Summit Lake Reservoir was nearly identical for water years 1989 and 1990-about 10,360 acre-feet per year. Surface water was about 72 percent of the total inflow in water year 1989 and about 70 percent in water year 1990. Direct precipitation was about 18 percent of the total inflow in water year 1989 and about 23 percent in water year 1990. Ground-water inflow was about 10 percent of the total inflow in water year 1989 and about 7 percent in water year 1990.</p>\n<p>The total outflow from evaporation and ground-water flow was 5,700 acre-feet in water year 1989 and 7,710 acre-feet in water year 1990--about 19 percent evaporation and 81 percent ground-water outflow for both water years. Reservoir storage increased during both years; the change in storage was about 4,330 acre-feet in water year 1989 and about 2,890 acre-feet in water year 1990. Discrepancies between inflow, outflow, and reservoir storage reflect errors in the budget resulting from regionalization or interpretation of hydrologic data and from errors inherent in all hydrologic measurements.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri924025","collaboration":"Indiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Duwelius, R., 1993, Hydrologic data and hydrologic budget for Summit Lake Reservoir, Henry County, East-Central Indiana, water years 1989 and 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4025, iv, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm. 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924025.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm. 47 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4025/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55783,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4025/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Henry","otherGeospatial":"Summit Lake Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.2157,40.0765],[-85.2152,40.0044],[-85.2014,40.0042],[-85.2013,39.875],[-85.2133,39.8751],[-85.2205,39.8748],[-85.2214,39.7895],[-85.243,39.7902],[-85.3017,39.789],[-85.3519,39.7894],[-85.4651,39.7886],[-85.5765,39.7858],[-85.5968,39.786],[-85.5969,39.8735],[-85.5759,39.8738],[-85.5774,39.9459],[-85.5763,40.0769],[-85.2157,40.0765]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Henry\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fc78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duwelius, R.F.","contributorId":28250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duwelius","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29327,"text":"wri924113 - 1993 - Sedimentation in Whitewater Lake, Union County, east-central Indiana, 1959-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T09:13:36","indexId":"wri924113","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4113","title":"Sedimentation in Whitewater Lake, Union County, east-central Indiana, 1959-88","docAbstract":"<p>Sedimentation has had little effect on the storage capacity or surface area of Whitewater Lake. The lake was constructed by damming Silver Creek in 1949 and was dredged during 1978-81 and 1984-88. At the dam, the drainage area of Silver Creek is 19.2 square miles. Locations where the largest amount of sediment has accumulated for the 29-year period 1959-88 are in the upper part of the lake where Silver Creek enters. In general, except for the upper part of the lake, there has been little sediment accumulation in most of the lake. The surface area of the lake was 7,580,000 square feet (174 acres) in 1959 and 6,590,000 square feet (151 acres) in 1988.</p>\n<p>In 1959, the volume of water in Whitewater Lake was 138,000,000 cubic feet; in 1988, the volume was 132,000,000 cubic feet. The amount of sediment that accumulated in the lake from 1959-88 was 6,000,000 cubic feet. In 1988, the volume of water remaining in the lake was 95.6 percent of the 1959 volume, and 4.4 percent of the 1959 lake volume had filled with sediment.</p>\n<p>The total amount of sediment that accumulated in Whitewater Lake from 1959-88 (10,350,000 cubic feet) was determined by adding the amount of sediment that accumulated in the lake from 1959-88 (6,000,000 cubic feet) and the amount of sediment that was dredged from the lake during 1978-81 and 1984-88 (4,350,000 cubic feet). Thus, the annual rate of sediment accumulation in the lake from 1959-88 was 357,000 cubic feet per year.</p>\n<p>Potential decreases in the storage capacity of Whitewater Lake based on whether dredging is continued or discontinued were estimated for the 29-year period 1989-2017. If dredging is continued, the potential for future decreases in the storage capacity of the lake is small. If dredging is discontinued, the volume of water in the lake in 2017 is estimated to be 88.2 percent of the 1959 volume; 11.8 percent of the 1959 volume of the lake would be filled with sediment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri924113","collaboration":"Indiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Renn, D., 1993, Sedimentation in Whitewater Lake, Union County, east-central Indiana, 1959-88: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4113, v, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924113.","productDescription":"v, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58166,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4113/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Union County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.8146,39.7267],[-84.815,39.5677],[-84.8154,39.5296],[-84.8154,39.5218],[-84.9941,39.524],[-85.0108,39.5242],[-85.0233,39.5244],[-85.0227,39.5275],[-85.0364,39.5273],[-85.0344,39.7145],[-85.0347,39.729],[-84.9701,39.7291],[-84.9708,39.7269],[-84.8146,39.7267]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Union\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renn, D.E.","contributorId":36941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renn","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57069,"text":"b1839J - 1993 - Middle Eocene intrusive igneous rocks of the central Appalachian Valley and Ridge province - Setting, chemistry, and implications for crustal structure","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18635,"text":"ofr88450S - 1988 - Principal oil and gas plays in the Appalachian Basin (Province 131)","indexId":"ofr88450S","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"chapter":"S","title":"Principal oil and gas plays in the Appalachian Basin (Province 131)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":57069,"text":"b1839J - 1993 - Middle Eocene intrusive igneous rocks of the central Appalachian Valley and Ridge province - Setting, chemistry, and implications for crustal structure","indexId":"b1839J","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","title":"Middle Eocene intrusive igneous rocks of the central Appalachian Valley and Ridge province - Setting, chemistry, and implications for crustal structure"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-05T21:13:29.661261","indexId":"b1839J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1839","chapter":"J","title":"Middle Eocene intrusive igneous rocks of the central Appalachian Valley and Ridge province - Setting, chemistry, and implications for crustal structure","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Evolution of sedimentary basins - Appalachian basin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1839J","usgsCitation":"Southworth, C.S., Gray, K.J., and Sutter, J.F., 1993, Middle Eocene intrusive igneous rocks of the central Appalachian Valley and Ridge province - Setting, chemistry, and implications for crustal structure: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1839, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1839J.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1839i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91367,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1839i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":400248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21975.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.75,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              38.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.75,\n              38.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.75,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635298","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southworth, C. Scott 0000-0002-7976-7807 ssouthwo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7976-7807","contributorId":1608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"C.","email":"ssouthwo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":256210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Karen J.","contributorId":93516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutter, John F.","contributorId":81127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":60720,"text":"mf2218 - 1993 - Logs of exploratory trenches through liquefaction features on late Quaternary terraces in the Obion River Valley, northwestern Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-04T21:26:48.77658","indexId":"mf2218","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2218","title":"Logs of exploratory trenches through liquefaction features on late Quaternary terraces in the Obion River Valley, northwestern Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>From December 1811 to February 1812, four large earthquakes (m<sub>b</sub>≥7.0) occurred in the New Madrid (Missouri) Seismic Zone (NMSZ). These have been the largest historical earthquakes in eastern North America. Although this area has been the focus of considerable seismological research, estimates of the repeat time of large-magnitude seismic events remain poorly constrained. Past estimates were primarily based on earthquake-frequency statistics and on paleoseismology studies. Johnston and Nava (1985) compiled historical seismicity data covering about 180 years and instrumental data covering 10 years, and they concluded that the repeat time for large-magnitude events (m<sub>b</sub>≥7.0) is between 500 and 1,100 yrs. However, this estimate is based on assumptions that the data set is representative of the seismicity of the region over the past 1,000 yrs, and that the relation between earthquake frequency and magnitude is constant (Johnston and Nava, 1985). Because these assumptions cannot be verified, this estimated recurrence interval of 550-1,100 hrs must be considered tentative (S. G. Wesnousky and L. M. Leffler, written commun., 1991). Investigation of exploratory trenches across the Reelfoot scarp in northwestern Tennessee documented the only unequivocal Holocene surface faulting in the upper Mississippi embayment (Russ and others, 1978; Russ, 1979). Fluvial sediment younger than about 2,250 yrs old is faulted, and the net vertical displacement is more than 3 m. Stratigraphic relations indicate at least two episodes of faulting occurred between about 2,250 yr B.P. and the 1811-12 events to estimate an average recurrence interval of less than 600 yrs for large-magnitude earthquakes in the NMSZ. However, inasmuch as Russ (1970) found no evidence for any historical offset on the Reelfoot scarp, the relation between the Reelfoot scarp and large paleoeartchquakes in the NMSZ has not been clearly established. The development of widespread liquefaction features suring the 1811-12 earthquake series (Obermeier, 1989, Obermeier and others, 1990) and the probably development of similar features during previous large-magnitude seismic events (m<sub>b</sub>≥6.2, Nuttli, 1982) have been the basis for several attempts to document the history of paleoliquefaction. Haller and Crone (1986) found evidence of only one episode of sand-blow development in exploratory trenches in late Pleistocene alluvium in eastern Arkansas and concluded that this liquefaction event was probably associated with the 1811-12 earthquake series. Saucier (1989) reported evidence of three liquefaction events in the past approximately 1,000 yrs in an exploratory trench in eastern Arkansas. On the basis of the apparent absence of post-depositional erosion separating the three sand-blow deposits, Saucier (1989) concluded that they formed in a relatively short period of time, probably during the 1811-12 earthquake series. Similarly, Schweig and Marple (1991) found evidence of only recent (probably 1811-12) liquefaction in exploratory trenched on late Wisconsin braided-stream deposits in southeastern Missouri. Leffler and Wesnousky (1991) and Wesnousky and Leffler (written commun., 1991) examined tens of kilometers of recently excavated drainage ditches in late Wisconsin braided-stream deposits in eastern Arkansas and found no evidence for prehistorical liquefaction events during the last 10,000 yrs. In contrast, Saucier (1991) estimated an average recurrence interval about 470 yrs on the basis of historical ages of liquefaction in the NMSZ. The lack of similar evidence from other sites implies a prehistorical liquefaction-producing seismic event in southeastern Missouri that was considerably smaller than the 1811-12 earthquake series. The apparent absence of paleoliquefaction features in late Wisconsin fluvial deposits in the zone of most intense 1811-12 liquefaction indicates that the repeat time of large (m<sub>b</sub>≥7.0) seismic events in the NMSZ is at least 10,000 yrs (Saucier, 1991; Wesnousky and Leffler, written commun., 1991). The present study was undertaken to verify this conclusion by documenting the record of liquefaction in late Wisconsin fluvial deposits along the Obion River, in northwestern Tennessee, This region was identified by Obermeier (1989) as an area deserving further study because of its proximity to the NMSZ and to areas of historical liquefaction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2218","usgsCitation":"Rodbell, D.T., and Bradley, L., 1993, Logs of exploratory trenches through liquefaction features on late Quaternary terraces in the Obion River Valley, northwestern Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2218, 2 Plates: 54.39 x 38.60 inches and 48.02 x 36.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2218.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 54.39 x 38.60 inches and 48.02 x 36.57 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284450,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2218/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2218/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2218.jpg"},{"id":489667,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5853.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Obion River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.3794,\n              36.2117\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.3794,\n              36.1531\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.1808,\n              36.1531\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.1808,\n              36.2117\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.3794,\n              36.2117\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd64f3e4b0b290850ffc52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodbell, Donald T.","contributorId":50404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodbell","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Lee-Ann bradley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"bradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":264289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29657,"text":"wri934118 - 1993 - Water-level changes and directions of ground-water flow in the shallow aquifer, Fallon area, Churchill County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-06T15:03:33","indexId":"wri934118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4118","title":"Water-level changes and directions of ground-water flow in the shallow aquifer, Fallon area, Churchill County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>The Truckee-Carson-Pyramid Lake Water Rights Settlement Act of 1990 directed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to acquire water for wetland areas in the Carson Desert. The public is concerned that this acquisition of water rights and delivery of the water directly to the wetland areas would reduce recharge to the shallow ground water in the Fallen area and cause domestic wells to go dry. In January 1992, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, began a study of the shallow ground-water system in the Fallen area in Churchill County, Nevada.</p><p>A network of 126 wells in the study area was monitored. Water levels were measured in wells before, during, and after the 1992 irrigation season. Water levels in 24 of the wells were measured every 2 weeks beginning in January 1992. Many wells in the network had been monitored during earlier investigations, allowing determination of changes in water level during the last 15 years. </p><p>Newlands Project water deliveries to the study area began soon after the turn of the century. Since then, water levels have risen more than 15 feet across much of the study area. Water lost from unlined irrigation canals caused Big Soda Lake to rise nearly 60 feet; ground-water levels near the lake have risen 30 to 40 feet. The depth to water in most irrigated areas is now less than 10 feet. </p><p>The net change in water level over the 15- year period between early 1977 and early 1992 has been small in spite of 6 years of drought. Water levels in most wells for which data are available declined less than 1 foot. Some wells in the south and north parts of the study area showed rises in water level during this period. The lake level in Big Soda Lake declined slightly more than 3 feet between 1971 and 1992. </p><p>Between January and November 1992, water levels in most wells declined, generally less than 2 feet. The maximum measured decline over this period was 2.68 feet in a well in the Stillwater area. Between April and July, however, water levels rose in irrigated areas typically 1 to 2 feet. </p><p>When the upper reaches of the T-Line Canal were lined in 1983-84 to reduce seepage to ground water, the water levels declined from 7.5 feet to more than 10 feet in wells near the canal. Water levels in a well near an unlined reach of the canal are essentially unchanged from what they were before the upper reaches of the canal were lined. </p><p>The altitude of the water table ranges from 4,025 feet above sea level 11 miles west of Fallon to 3,865 feet in the Stillwater Marsh area. The hydraulic gradient is small and ranges from about 6 to 9 feet per mile from west to east. </p><p>The principal recharge area is in the west part of the study area along the Carson River and major canals. Ground water flows eastward and divides; some flow goes northeast toward the Carson Sink and Stillwater areas, and some goes southeast to Carson Lake. Carson Lake is a regional discharge area. </p><p>Future declines in water level can be expected in irrigated areas if canals are lined or if the amount of water carried in the canals is greatly reduced. The amount and rate of water-level change at a particular site will depend on sitespecific geohydrologic factors. The effect of these water-level changes at a specific shallow well will depend on the depth and condition of the well.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934118","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., and Allander, K.K., 1993, Water-level changes and directions of ground-water flow in the shallow aquifer, Fallon area, Churchill County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4118, Report: iv, 74 p.; Plate: 29.15 x 26.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934118.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 74 p.; Plate: 29.15 x 26.25 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58480,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4118/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58481,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4118/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Churchill County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.125,\n              39.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.375,\n              39.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.375,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.125,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.125,\n              39.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, Ralph L.","contributorId":13609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allander, Kip K. 0000-0002-3317-298X kalland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-298X","contributorId":2290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip","email":"kalland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":49639,"text":"ofr93207 - 1993 - Mineral resource assessment of the Absaroka-Beartooth study area, Custer and Gallatin national forests, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-16T10:59:22.274039","indexId":"ofr93207","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-207","title":"Mineral resource assessment of the Absaroka-Beartooth study area, Custer and Gallatin national forests, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93207","usgsCitation":"Zientek, M.L., and Elliott, J.E., 1993, Mineral resource assessment of the Absaroka-Beartooth study area, Custer and Gallatin national forests, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-207, Report: 298 p.; 19 Plates: 68.04 × 51.47 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93207.","productDescription":"Report: 298 p.; 19 Plates: 68.04 × 51.47 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":108256,"rank":22,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12644.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12644"},{"id":86252,"rank":21,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-19.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86251,"rank":20,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86250,"rank":19,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86246,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86245,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86243,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86242,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86241,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86240,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86239,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86238,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175469,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86236,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86244,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86247,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86248,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86249,"rank":18,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86234,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86235,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86237,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0207/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Custer Gallatin National Forests","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.85721659285508,\n              45.71667429044888\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.85721659285508,\n              44.99128604978105\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.17153847058071,\n              44.99128604978105\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.17153847058071,\n              45.71667429044888\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.85721659285508,\n              45.71667429044888\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d393","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745726,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zientek, Michael L. 0000-0002-8522-9626 mzientek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9626","contributorId":2420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"Michael","email":"mzientek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880111,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliot, J. E.","contributorId":95029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliot","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":880112,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, J. E.","contributorId":19914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207413,"text":"70207413 - 1993 - Emplacement and differentiation of the york haven diabase sheet, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T08:07:06","indexId":"70207413","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T08:00:18","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emplacement and differentiation of the york haven diabase sheet, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many of the high-Ti quartz-normative tholeiitic intrusive sheets in the early Mesozoic rift basins of the Eastern USA exhibit lateral differentiation from mafic cumulate units, through diabase, to relatively evolved iron-rich rock types. We have investigated a representative example in detail, the York Haven sheet in the Gettysburg basin of south-central Pennsylvania. It ranges in thickness from 330 m to 675 m, and we have sampled it from base to top along four separate stratigraphic sections evenly spaced over the extent of the intrusion. The easternmost section (York Haven) is entirely basaltic bronzite cumulate (average 15 vol. % bronzite), whereas the westernmost (Reesers Summit) consists of diabase and low-MgO diabase with a middle to upper 'sandwich zone' of ferrogabbro. The intervening sections feature rock types transitional between the two end-member sequences. Chemically, the rock series shows a gradual east to west depletion of compatible elements (Mg, Ca, Ni, and Cr), and enrichment of incompatible elements [Ti, Fe, Na, K, P, Cu, Zr, Th, Ta, Hf, Sb, Cs, As, platinum group elements (PGEs), and rare earth elements (REEs)].We suggest two main processes for the trends observed in the York Haven sheet. First, flow differentiation during ascent and lateral injection of the parental magma produced a tongue of basaltic bronzite cumulate that thins from southeast to northwest and passes laterally into diabase, and, at the distal end of the intrusion, into low-MgO diabase. Then, in the latter stages of crystallization, densitydriven hydrothermal fluids transported incompatible elements westward, into structurally higher parts of the intrusion. Reaction of this residual aqueous fluid with partly crystallized low-MgO diabase produced a zone of ferrogabbro rich in hydrothermal replacement products (e.g., Cl-amphibole, biotite, ferrohypersthene, and skeletal ilmenite) and precipitates (e.g., quartz, fayalite, Cl-apatite, sulfides, and PGE minerals). © 1993 Oxford University Press.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press ","doi":"10.1093/petrology/34.6.1271","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M.T., Marsh, B., Froelich, A., and Gottfried, D., 1993, Emplacement and differentiation of the york haven diabase sheet, Pennsylvania: Journal of Petrology, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1271-1302, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/34.6.1271.","productDescription":"32 p. 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T.","contributorId":10438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsh, B.D.","contributorId":221356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marsh","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Froelich, A.J.","contributorId":13593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froelich","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gottfried, D.","contributorId":92346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottfried","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70196850,"text":"70196850 - 1993 - Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 612 bolide event: New evidence of a late Eocene impact-wave deposit and a possible impact site, U.S. east coast: Comment and reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-04T11:55:42","indexId":"70196850","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 612 bolide event: New evidence of a late Eocene impact-wave deposit and a possible impact site, U.S. east coast: Comment and reply","docAbstract":"<p><span>No abstract available.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0478:DSDPSB>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wei, W., Poag, C.W., Poppe, L., Folger, D.W., Powars, D.S., Mixon, R.B., Edwards, L.E., and Bruce, S., 1993, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 612 bolide event: New evidence of a late Eocene impact-wave deposit and a possible impact site, U.S. east coast: Comment and reply: Geology, v. 21, no. 5, p. 478-479, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0478:DSDPSB>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"479","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2596e4b0da30c1bfd6b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wei, Wuchang","contributorId":204693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wei","given":"Wuchang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poag, C. Wylie 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":2565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wylie","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":734723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Folger, David W.","contributorId":96663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":734724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mixon, Robert B.","contributorId":50517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixon","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bruce, Scott","contributorId":195837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruce","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70207076,"text":"70207076 - 1993 - Deformation from 1973 to 1987 in the epicentral area of the 1959 Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake (Ms = 7.5)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T13:56:39.62053","indexId":"70207076","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-05T12:58:02","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation from 1973 to 1987 in the epicentral area of the 1959 Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake (Ms = 7.5)","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 40‐km aperture trilateration network centered on the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake epicenter has been surveyed in 1973, 1974, 1976, 1978, 1981, 1984, and 1987. The deformation inferred from those surveys is described roughly by a uniaxial, 0.266 ± 0.014 μstrain/yr, N15°E ± 1°extension that is uniform in both time and space. That extension is orthogonal to the strike (N78°W ± 5°) of the 1959 rupture plane inferred from focal mechanism solutions. The absence of strain accumulation in the N75°W direction suggests that the source of deformation must be greatly elongated in that direction. Looked at in greater detail, the deformation is found to be concentrated in the northern part of the network. The zone of concentrated deformation coincides with a part of a well‐defined trend in seismicity that extends at least 100 km N75°W from the Sour Creek resurgent dome in the Yellowstone caldera. Extension perpendicular to that trend is indicated by focal mechanism solutions. Thus, the zone of rifting identified within the Hebgen Lake network apparently extends east southeast to the Yellowstone caldera. About 8 mm/yr extension is observed across a 20‐km width within the zone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92JB02410","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., Lisowski, M., Prescott, W., and Pitt, A., 1993, Deformation from 1973 to 1987 in the epicentral area of the 1959 Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake (Ms = 7.5): Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 98, no. B2, p. 2145-2153, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB02410.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2145","endPage":"2153","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone-Hebgen Lake Region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.357421875,\n              44.457309801319305\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.23681640625,\n              44.457309801319305\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.23681640625,\n              44.98811302615805\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.357421875,\n              44.98811302615805\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.357421875,\n              44.457309801319305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitt, A.D.","contributorId":41440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitt","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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