{"pageNumber":"3094","pageRowStart":"77325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184828,"records":[{"id":24654,"text":"ofr00384 - 2001 - Study design and analytical results used to evaluate carry-over contamination by volatile organic compounds in surface- and ground-water sampling procedures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"ofr00384","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-384","title":"Study design and analytical results used to evaluate carry-over contamination by volatile organic compounds in surface- and ground-water sampling procedures","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00384","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Taglioli, B.L., Delzer, G.C., and Zogorski, J.S., 2001, Study design and analytical results used to evaluate carry-over contamination by volatile organic compounds in surface- and ground-water sampling procedures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-384, vi, 36 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00384.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0384/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53687,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0384/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699cf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taglioli, Brandon L.","contributorId":55043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taglioli","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delzer, Gregory C. 0000-0002-7077-4963 gcdelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-4963","contributorId":986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delzer","given":"Gregory","email":"gcdelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":192327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":60890,"text":"mf2331 - 2001 - Geologic map of the Silt quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31868,"text":"ofr94696 - 1994 - Preliminary geologic map of the Silt Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","indexId":"ofr94696","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Silt Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":60890,"text":"mf2331 - 2001 - Geologic map of the Silt quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","indexId":"mf2331","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Silt quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T21:45:34.639744","indexId":"mf2331","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2331","title":"Geologic map of the Silt quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","docAbstract":"New 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping in the Silt 7.5' quadrangle, in support of the USGS Western Colorado I-70 Corridor Cooperative Geologic Mapping Project, provides new interpretations of the stratigraphy, structure, and geologic hazards in the area of the southwest flank of the White River uplift, the Grand Hogback, and the eastern Piceance Basin. The Wasatch Formation was subdivided into three formal members, the Shire, Molina, and Atwell Gulch Members. Also a sandstone unit within the Shire Member was broken out. The Mesaverde Group consists of the upper Williams Fork Formation and the lower Iles Formation. Members for the Iles Formation consist of the Rollins Sandstone, the Cozzette Sandstone, and the Corcoran Sandstone Members. The Cozzette and Corcoran Sandstone Members were mapped as a combined unit. Only the upper part of the Upper Member of the Mancos Shale is exposed in the quadrangle. From the southwestern corner of the map area toward the northwest, the unfaulted early Eocene to Paleocene Wasatch Formation and underlying Mesaverde Group gradually increase in dip to form the Grand Hogback monocline that reaches 45-75 degree dips to the southwest (section A-A'). The shallow west-northwest-trending Rifle syncline separates the northern part of the quadrangle from the southern part along the Colorado River. Geologic hazards in the map area include erosion, expansive soils, and flooding. Erosion includes mass wasting, gullying, and piping. Mass wasting involves any rock or surficial material that moves downslope under the influence of gravity, such as landslides, debris flows, or rock falls, and is generally more prevalent on steeper slopes. Locally, where the Grand Hogback is dipping greater than 60 degrees and the Wasatch Formation has been eroded, leaving sandstone slabs of the Mesa Verde Group unsupported over vertical distances as great as 500 m, the upper part of the unit has collapsed in landslides, probably by a process of beam-buckle failure. In the source area of these landslides strata are overturned and dip shallowly to the northeast. Landslide deposits now armor Pleistocene pediment surfaces and extend at least 1 km into Cactus Valley. Gullying and piping generally occur on more gentle slopes. Expansive soils and expansive bedrock are those unconsolidated materials or rocks that swell when wet and shrink when dry. Most floods are restricted to low-lying areas. Several gas-producing wells extract methane from coals from the upper part of the Iles Formation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2331","usgsCitation":"Shroba, R., and Scott, R.B., 2001, Geologic map of the Silt quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2331, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2331.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110170,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36784.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"36784"},{"id":6024,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2001/mf-2331/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Garfield","otherGeospatial":"Silt quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.75,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.625,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.625,\n              39.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.75,\n              39.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.75,\n              39.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688837","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shroba, R. R.","contributorId":44133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"R. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, R. B.","contributorId":13638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180468,"text":"70180468 - 2001 - Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula","indexId":"70180468","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70180476,"text":"70180476 - 2001 - Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>","indexId":"70180476","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70180477,"text":"70180477 - 2001 - Use of Landsat MSS and TM imagery to improve reconnaissance geologic mapping in the Ruby quadrangle, west-central Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>","indexId":"70180477","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Use of Landsat MSS and TM imagery to improve reconnaissance geologic mapping in the Ruby quadrangle, west-central Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"id":3}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-09T19:20:12.272945","indexId":"pp1633","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1633","title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","docAbstract":"<p>The collection of nine papers that follow continue the series of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigative reports in Alaska under the broad umbrella of the geologic sciences. The series presents new and sometimes preliminary findings that are of interest to earth scientists in academia, government, and industry; to land and resource managers; and to the general public. Reports presented in Geologic Studies in Alaska cover a broad spectrum of topics from various parts of the State (fig. 1), serving to emphasize the diversity of USGS efforts to meet the Nation's needs for earth-science information in Alaska.</p>\n<p>The papers in this volume are organized under the topics: Hazards, Geologic Framework, Environment and Climate, and Resources. This organization is intended to reflect the scope and objectives of USGS geologic programs currently active in Alaska. The two Hazards studies discuss volcano-related topics in the seismically active southcentral Alaska region. The first paper revisits the eruptive events of Redoubt Volcano that occurred more than a decade ago and the subsequent development of the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO). This treatise documents the historic impact of this eruption and briefly summarizes the state of our knowledge of the other Cook Inlet, Alaska Peninsula, and Aleutian Island volcanoes. Finally, it discusses the recent role that AVO has had in seismic station installation and hazard assessment at volcanically active sites throughout the world. The second paper discusses the eruptive history of Snowy Mountain in the upper Alaska Peninsula. Because subsets of its 25-30 lava flows erupted as packages in short episodes, calculation of the volcano's lifetime average volumetric eruption rate is problematic. A portion of the cone was hydrothermally weakened and collapsed in the late Holocene producing a 22-km2 debris avalanche.</p>\n<p>Geologic Framework studies provide background information that is the scientific basis for present and future earth science investigations. The first paper compares and contrasts the Insular-Intermontane suture zone (IISZ) of southeast Alaska with the Adria-Europe suture zone (AESZ) of Switzerland and Hungary. The study develops the hypothesis that the zones have distinct differences as well as similarities and neither is a simple lithotectonic terrane boundary. The second paper discusses the relation among volcanic, glacial, and tectonic activity in the Cold Bay and False Pass 1 :250,000-scale quadrangles on the Alaska Peninsula. During Pleistocene time, continental-shelf glaciations and two massive volcanic centers were the dominant controls over landscape development. The third paper gives detailed geologic information for Paleozoic rocks within the Taylor Mountains D-1 quadrangle portion of the Holitna Lowland of southwestern Alaska. Because of the excellent preservation of megafossils, these Silurian and Ordovician strata lend themselves to detailed statigraphic investigations. Further, low thermal alteration indices of this area have made them a potential target of petroleum exploration. The final report in this section discusses the development of a new spectral enhancement approach for interpreting Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite images. This technique enhances the use of remote sensing data in identifying geologic units in areas that have been poorly investigated. This study used this technique to better define the distribution of a JMtu (mafic, ultramafic, and sedimentary) unit and a PzZrqs (pelitic and quartzitic schist) unit.</p>\n<p>Environment and climate studies are the emphasis of two papers. One presents the first radiocarbon-dated postglacial vegetation history of the Kenai Mountains of southcentral Alaska. This reconstruction is the result of the analysis of pollen assemblages and peat from sediments collected in Tern Lake and presents a minimum age for deglaciation of these interior valleys at 9,31 0&plusmn;200 yr B .P. Current vegetation, however, developed within the past ca. 2,500 years. A second study discusses the cycling of arsenic and cadmium in sub-arctic boreal forest ecosystems typical of interior Alaska and defines the importance of various natural (geogenic) sources. The transport and uptake into vegetation of these elements from soils developed from loess as well as soils developed from the major rock units is presented. The bioaccumulation of cadmium in willow (Salix sp.) and its potential consequence to the health of browsing animals is discussed.</p>\n<p>Papers related to resource issues comprise the topic of the final report. This paper presents a brief statistical summary of the geochemistry of rock samples collected in the east-central portion of the Eagle 1 :250,000-scale quadrangle. This study helps define the rock unit source of both resource- and environmental-based chemical elements of interest in the Fortymile mining district.</p>\n<p>Two bibliographies at the end of the volume list reports covering Alaska earth science topics in USGS publications during 1999 and reports about Alaska by USGS authors in non-USGS publications during the same period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/pp1633","usgsCitation":"2001, Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1633, v, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1633.","productDescription":"v, 142 p.","numberOfPages":"150","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491949,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46529.htm","text":"Snowy Mountain: a pair of small andesite-dacite stratovolcanoes in Katmai National Park","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491948,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46520.htm","text":"Geochemistry of lithologic units, Fortymile River study area, east-central Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491947,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46518.htm","text":"Use of Landsat MSS and TM imagery to improve reconnaissance geologic mapping in the Ruby quadrangle, west-central Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491946,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46517.htm","text":"Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1, 1:63360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491945,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46516.htm","text":"Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491944,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46515.htm","text":"Insular-Intermontane suture zone (IISZ) of the western Coast Mountains of southeastern Alaska and British Columbia and the Adria-Europe suture zone (AESZ) of southern Europe - general description and comparison of global-scale tectonic features","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491943,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39193.htm","text":"Biochemistry of arsenic and cadmium, Fortymile River watershed, east-central Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388674,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39192.htm","text":"Holocene vegetation history of the northern Kenai Mountains, south-central Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":64656,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1633/pp1633_report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":124891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1633/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":3501,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1633/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-162.255031,54.978353],[-162.30058,54.832594],[-162.41737,54.877491],[-162.255031,54.978353]]],[[[-160.0179,55.15613],[-159.889174,55.287138],[-159.905365,55.164689],[-159.816419,55.178051],[-160.183466,54.91568],[-160.191392,55.108574],[-160.0179,55.15613]]],[[[-159.455311,55.061452],[-159.328791,54.980598],[-159.426615,54.942266],[-159.455311,55.061452]]],[[[-161.718614,55.154166],[-161.608634,55.116906],[-161.862504,55.127598],[-161.718614,55.154166]]],[[[-160.506927,55.32773],[-160.486174,55.193617],[-160.806009,55.12567],[-160.797147,55.381521],[-160.344369,55.362962],[-160.330722,55.261045],[-160.506927,55.32773]]],[[[-160.21178,55.455862],[-160.141834,55.387154],[-160.27997,55.395905],[-160.21178,55.455862]]],[[[-165.790523,54.171758],[-165.714198,54.120815],[-166.098255,54.103538],[-166.002465,54.213629],[-165.790523,54.171758]]],[[[-165.523466,54.299895],[-165.405377,54.212837],[-165.629725,54.132558],[-165.681458,54.236914],[-165.523466,54.299895]]],[[[-162.801865,54.48944],[-162.588883,54.450064],[-162.611891,54.368077],[-162.86005,54.425452],[-162.801865,54.48944]]],[[[-170.286318,57.128169],[-170.311707,57.219122],[-170.161647,57.229656],[-170.286318,57.128169]]],[[[178.785825,51.633434],[179.462765,51.376176],[178.634021,51.623981],[178.785825,51.633434]]],[[[-176.762478,51.867878],[-176.789558,51.957211],[-176.603598,51.997056],[-176.543309,51.838624],[-176.268243,51.785498],[-176.930952,51.59247],[-176.918065,51.788003],[-176.762478,51.867878]]],[[[-177.800647,51.778294],[-177.909185,51.596671],[-178.172666,51.839985],[-177.615311,51.85508],[-177.800647,51.778294]]],[[[-177.360408,51.727533],[-177.631523,51.696844],[-177.099266,51.936119],[-177.13096,51.762772],[-177.360408,51.727533]]],[[[177.601645,52.016377],[177.235523,51.87326],[177.661607,52.112746],[177.601645,52.016377]]],[[[179.758993,51.946595],[179.649484,51.87367],[179.482464,51.982834],[179.758993,51.946595]]],[[[-174.301818,52.278949],[-174.408277,52.289872],[-174.185347,52.417788],[-173.989415,52.325275],[-174.177679,52.233638],[-174.090169,52.139119],[-175.27485,52.018619],[-174.301818,52.278949]]],[[[-173.602446,52.153773],[-173.019588,52.097881],[-173.511915,52.031278],[-174.04675,52.122403],[-173.602446,52.153773]]],[[[173.587554,52.476785],[173.769503,52.512072],[173.725696,52.356579],[173.3955,52.402647],[173.587554,52.476785]]],[[[172.763366,52.823656],[172.469022,52.911337],[173.107249,52.993228],[173.421682,52.845477],[172.763366,52.823656]]],[[[-168.211705,53.256184],[-169.041338,52.839348],[-168.617143,53.260985],[-168.366519,53.252024],[-168.315847,53.481729],[-167.816998,53.517947],[-167.872879,53.36736],[-168.211705,53.256184]]],[[[-166.728918,54.003111],[-166.57509,53.879236],[-166.373689,54.01003],[-166.210964,53.933557],[-166.547438,53.749404],[-166.119922,53.855048],[-166.111317,53.776856],[-166.656234,53.487119],[-167.798984,53.284757],[-167.102305,53.515077],[-167.16164,53.605909],[-167.041245,53.707929],[-166.779991,53.719126],[-167.141966,53.826932],[-166.728918,54.003111]]],[[[-169.553937,56.608682],[-169.473138,56.601741],[-169.75575,56.591922],[-169.553937,56.608682]]],[[[-165.721389,60.16962],[-165.539367,59.965175],[-166.157071,59.748886],[-167.111785,59.989349],[-167.421489,60.205431],[-166.847438,60.213592],[-166.124379,60.414253],[-165.697326,60.297238],[-165.721389,60.16962]]],[[[-173.052751,60.515252],[-172.951862,60.605671],[-172.269754,60.333887],[-172.595895,60.318233],[-173.052751,60.515252]]],[[[-160.918586,58.746935],[-160.700627,58.817368],[-160.880515,58.581325],[-161.07563,58.549916],[-160.918586,58.746935]]],[[[-151.930565,60.51632],[-151.839194,60.485862],[-152.079995,60.341191],[-151.930565,60.51632]]],[[[-131.246018,54.989555],[-131.253671,54.866779],[-131.469097,54.913153],[-131.246018,54.989555]]],[[[-131.759896,55.381845],[-131.748334,55.128588],[-131.870568,55.364553],[-131.759896,55.381845]]],[[[-158.800682,55.891025],[-158.7036,55.841532],[-158.889198,55.810123],[-158.800682,55.891025]]],[[[-131.56956,55.284114],[-131.350575,55.067042],[-131.579882,55.017576],[-131.56956,55.284114]]],[[[-133.344847,55.569327],[-133.289854,55.50187],[-133.609073,55.241486],[-133.690174,55.304409],[-133.733029,55.558757],[-133.644202,55.470815],[-133.344847,55.569327]]],[[[-133.104304,55.426907],[-133.416549,55.739647],[-133.701152,55.78516],[-133.347915,55.803943],[-133.384089,55.87677],[-133.799931,55.925349],[-133.548802,56.14284],[-133.593728,56.352192],[-133.094977,56.250583],[-132.146062,55.470346],[-132.514798,55.576767],[-132.608786,55.486348],[-132.408317,55.512522],[-132.166857,55.363039],[-132.214912,55.2457],[-131.979818,55.211787],[-132.180334,55.015557],[-131.984592,55.027978],[-131.999591,54.731975],[-132.142277,54.691674],[-132.55839,54.932612],[-132.598675,55.150482],[-132.748854,54.996007],[-133.119294,55.251405],[-132.909706,54.923594],[-132.650001,54.904387],[-132.676226,54.680865],[-132.866355,54.700386],[-133.21042,55.040269],[-133.223791,55.229317],[-133.473593,55.255547],[-133.021557,55.366336],[-133.104304,55.426907]]],[[[-147.483828,60.618636],[-147.487635,60.728092],[-147.3087,60.665274],[-147.483828,60.618636]]],[[[-147.217704,60.293504],[-146.962633,60.311911],[-147.533041,59.852401],[-147.912883,59.79224],[-147.217704,60.293504]]],[[[-147.562801,60.579821],[-147.720124,60.202002],[-147.908985,60.224359],[-147.782548,60.4833],[-147.562801,60.579821]]],[[[-132.977163,56.439673],[-132.634335,56.422174],[-132.662081,56.274795],[-133.010587,56.309492],[-132.977163,56.439673]]],[[[-135.631777,58.380673],[-135.538502,58.337842],[-135.727908,58.365444],[-135.631777,58.380673]]],[[[-134.713987,58.220748],[-134.215981,58.162128],[-133.832895,57.635733],[-134.202353,57.90633],[-133.870327,57.381298],[-134.565687,57.023737],[-134.646773,57.226327],[-134.578511,57.400291],[-134.486023,57.372492],[-134.969189,58.367542],[-134.713987,58.220748]]],[[[-155.656727,55.860872],[-155.564404,55.809476],[-155.718593,55.772356],[-155.656727,55.860872]]],[[[-152.24289,58.241192],[-152.265111,58.135732],[-152.562829,58.177979],[-152.706831,58.050577],[-153.075746,58.099571],[-152.876788,58.002307],[-152.982406,57.984697],[-153.419783,58.059638],[-153.156402,58.090087],[-153.209672,58.15035],[-152.610955,58.475775],[-152.56771,58.621304],[-152.354709,58.63828],[-152.493991,58.354684],[-152.328063,58.434372],[-151.964103,58.269049],[-152.081083,58.154275],[-152.24289,58.241192]]],[[[-153.940505,56.558317],[-154.343096,56.510171],[-154.223759,56.612955],[-153.940505,56.558317]]],[[[-152.417424,57.815464],[-152.324284,57.824444],[-152.468172,57.600996],[-152.179531,57.624809],[-152.323683,57.467861],[-152.9663,57.51217],[-152.601148,57.382165],[-153.079288,57.32196],[-152.97091,57.282624],[-153.163333,57.216713],[-152.874839,57.16095],[-153.301142,56.991192],[-153.328206,57.141993],[-153.675981,57.06983],[-153.543429,56.995245],[-153.97178,56.744861],[-154.129017,56.742168],[-153.804787,57.113158],[-154.298965,56.846479],[-154.574343,57.239919],[-154.777368,57.280008],[-154.629678,57.510197],[-154.22566,57.661366],[-153.994572,57.656905],[-153.802932,57.350896],[-153.877756,57.629529],[-153.667261,57.639008],[-153.93522,57.813047],[-153.721176,57.890615],[-153.557647,57.734741],[-153.324872,57.831048],[-153.528697,57.921717],[-153.469421,57.977282],[-153.127278,57.856748],[-153.299009,57.985626],[-152.723425,57.99172],[-152.904312,57.750825],[-152.415177,57.973081],[-152.324103,57.916604],[-152.417424,57.815464]]],[[[-134.283312,55.925175],[-134.173104,55.918519],[-134.327238,55.83644],[-134.283312,55.925175]]],[[[-134.121514,56.069847],[-134.224073,56.065223],[-134.292353,56.352644],[-134.067466,56.390987],[-134.089604,56.472582],[-134.401407,56.725419],[-134.339168,56.90183],[-134.19095,56.861675],[-134.273113,56.933823],[-133.76778,56.780469],[-133.713331,56.598298],[-133.895746,56.511217],[-133.971228,56.083293],[-134.054411,56.224854],[-134.121514,56.069847]]],[[[-132.546463,56.606563],[-132.984751,56.51264],[-133.325392,56.791864],[-133.089388,56.535474],[-133.603669,56.435413],[-133.689996,56.839421],[-134.049218,57.029203],[-133.104611,57.005701],[-132.546463,56.606563]]],[[[-134.666587,56.169947],[-135.054049,56.527658],[-135.005249,56.602252],[-135.398678,56.779201],[-135.372021,57.228003],[-135.674687,57.336747],[-135.526036,57.509697],[-134.849477,57.40967],[-134.615955,56.637289],[-134.666587,56.169947]]],[[[-135.587961,57.89732],[-135.29156,57.737468],[-134.929726,57.759203],[-134.824891,57.500067],[-135.025148,57.454315],[-135.571606,57.674397],[-135.669416,57.389296],[-135.892131,57.408048],[-136.563223,58.035052],[-136.354836,58.192279],[-136.404805,58.267232],[-136.239246,58.171913],[-135.823562,58.282975],[-135.522646,58.185909],[-135.581753,57.997568],[-135.420107,58.144202],[-134.912854,57.979287],[-135.140674,57.926114],[-134.991819,57.835436],[-135.19896,57.775092],[-135.587961,57.89732]]],[[[-135.703464,57.32204],[-135.575722,57.104231],[-135.854131,56.995043],[-135.755997,57.121225],[-135.849974,57.265895],[-135.703464,57.32204]]],[[[-162.587754,63.275727],[-162.252411,63.541753],[-161.310181,63.471312],[-160.809089,63.731332],[-160.976038,64.235761],[-161.492926,64.407851],[-161.388621,64.532783],[-161.024185,64.499719],[-160.783398,64.71716],[-161.149655,64.911985],[-161.42986,64.759027],[-162.188146,64.672395],[-162.790167,64.325182],[-162.940776,64.542417],[-163.217757,64.632062],[-163.311983,64.58828],[-163.033231,64.519314],[-163.175336,64.399334],[-163.597834,64.563356],[-165.001961,64.433917],[-166.189546,64.575798],[-166.451788,64.691761],[-166.410198,64.827968],[-166.530518,64.937114],[-166.911922,65.125965],[-166.521506,65.149242],[-166.439404,65.319058],[-167.398458,65.400259],[-168.127044,65.626584],[-165.80503,66.33331],[-164.400727,66.58111],[-163.754171,66.551284],[-163.904813,66.230303],[-164.046937,66.209404],[-163.623921,66.058281],[-161.838018,66.022582],[-161.548429,66.239912],[-161.067871,66.235164],[-161.360743,66.375943],[-161.912946,66.344436],[-161.87488,66.511446],[-162.501415,66.742503],[-162.601052,66.898455],[-162.271769,66.904144],[-162.013623,66.779406],[-162.033156,66.631585],[-161.624334,66.450143],[-161.326349,66.478371],[-161.86618,66.704978],[-161.719587,66.916898],[-161.485121,66.945647],[-161.62216,67.008146],[-163.69887,67.114443],[-163.878781,67.416125],[-164.209816,67.639079],[-166.784578,68.340431],[-166.305962,68.46154],[-166.222496,68.860441],[-163.973678,68.985044],[-163.137614,69.352178],[-163.016456,69.538142],[-163.118176,69.589156],[-162.916958,69.692512],[-163.010545,69.728109],[-161.922949,70.291599],[-160.839536,70.344534],[-159.209082,70.870067],[-159.132483,70.828359],[-159.290577,70.811262],[-159.13779,70.758609],[-157.768452,70.875842],[-156.56865,71.352561],[-155.513987,71.096794],[-155.95205,70.964831],[-155.969194,70.827982],[-155.543031,70.847175],[-155.03174,71.146473],[-154.61605,71.026182],[-154.577386,70.835335],[-154.181863,70.768325],[-153.23848,70.922467],[-152.259966,70.84282],[-152.187197,70.801546],[-152.471531,70.68884],[-152.433781,70.616926],[-151.695162,70.549675],[-151.91921,70.472686],[-151.844375,70.434959],[-149.461755,70.518271],[-147.681722,70.199954],[-145.842689,70.164102],[-144.902304,69.96451],[-143.574986,70.154598],[-142.746807,70.042531],[-141.377718,69.634631],[-141.002672,69.645609],[-141.00184,60.306105],[-139.989142,60.18524],[-139.738924,60.31842],[-139.086669,60.357654],[-139.200346,60.090701],[-137.604277,59.243057],[-137.526424,58.906834],[-136.581521,59.164909],[-136.474326,59.464194],[-136.234229,59.524731],[-136.256889,59.623646],[-135.477436,59.799626],[-135.254125,59.701339],[-135.027456,59.563692],[-134.961972,59.280376],[-134.702383,59.247836],[-134.250526,58.858046],[-133.379908,58.427909],[-133.461475,58.385526],[-132.29792,57.269469],[-132.371312,57.095229],[-132.051044,57.051155],[-132.080262,56.850926],[-131.9301,56.835211],[-131.849898,56.661227],[-130.102761,56.116696],[-130.023189,55.930665],[-130.150595,55.767031],[-129.982348,55.302079],[-130.409764,54.881192],[-130.854966,54.766341],[-131.093806,55.191335],[-130.925069,55.300713],[-130.901872,55.69738],[-131.093956,55.895675],[-131.243491,55.973689],[-130.94683,55.650716],[-130.959772,55.315892],[-131.000594,55.398012],[-131.160492,55.197481],[-131.263089,55.208318],[-131.191595,55.360527],[-131.402931,55.238065],[-131.828446,55.445214],[-131.664629,55.581525],[-131.713742,55.853263],[-131.828176,55.877284],[-131.936689,55.535151],[-132.183207,55.588128],[-132.283594,55.761774],[-132.067412,55.875078],[-131.943402,56.192557],[-132.320487,55.887648],[-132.708697,56.112124],[-132.543076,56.332276],[-132.382793,56.299203],[-132.394268,56.485579],[-132.204367,56.372086],[-132.371589,56.672473],[-132.528446,56.702056],[-132.432385,56.782385],[-132.770404,56.837486],[-132.91197,56.966651],[-132.813684,57.030218],[-133.466932,57.159356],[-133.489738,57.305192],[-133.287052,57.30292],[-133.475998,57.380394],[-133.478086,57.56173],[-133.66439,57.611707],[-133.65855,57.707924],[-133.234598,57.608749],[-134.049603,58.062027],[-134.087674,58.181952],[-134.631203,58.247446],[-135.368331,59.263275],[-135.295084,59.08761],[-135.38931,58.990528],[-135.142322,58.61637],[-135.056227,58.189884],[-135.433061,58.399899],[-135.90731,58.380839],[-136.120307,58.968418],[-136.150772,58.757266],[-136.247343,58.752935],[-136.877826,58.962392],[-136.928643,58.900131],[-136.463258,58.781607],[-136.422309,58.647412],[-136.246368,58.663185],[-136.041818,58.380161],[-136.70125,58.219416],[-137.608804,58.601234],[-138.131,59.002613],[-139.855565,59.53666],[-139.51818,59.687814],[-139.625896,59.904084],[-139.486032,60.012407],[-140.272266,59.700609],[-141.423134,59.877329],[-141.299609,59.937397],[-141.384318,60.071598],[-141.73624,59.961905],[-142.698419,60.093333],[-144.035037,60.020202],[-144.59088,59.795581],[-144.052539,60.041759],[-144.892815,60.292821],[-144.964135,60.444466],[-145.113885,60.300978],[-145.9469,60.455395],[-145.712891,60.583249],[-146.689523,60.271279],[-146.637783,60.467178],[-145.795141,60.601121],[-145.841742,60.685893],[-146.253471,60.622315],[-146.101458,60.719277],[-146.191553,60.73199],[-146.668151,60.692761],[-146.183555,60.846969],[-146.262969,60.867787],[-146.801009,60.80516],[-146.653827,61.047752],[-146.262451,61.090246],[-146.613659,61.118799],[-147.378483,60.877845],[-147.525453,60.896057],[-147.514173,61.096127],[-147.66899,60.841563],[-148.134384,60.791268],[-147.715826,61.249669],[-148.426951,60.827113],[-148.384491,60.687754],[-148.148059,60.758536],[-148.091712,60.676249],[-148.30652,60.550702],[-148.115163,60.596029],[-147.942106,60.444029],[-148.025994,60.279029],[-148.171278,60.335266],[-148.362497,60.221849],[-147.913221,60.132576],[-148.016432,59.999344],[-147.848469,60.078962],[-147.917935,59.985997],[-148.225235,59.950195],[-148.148011,59.994952],[-148.274241,60.013318],[-148.293213,60.151289],[-148.401601,59.9976],[-149.133115,60.044918],[-149.287588,59.906506],[-149.341584,60.076762],[-149.584254,59.866905],[-149.526358,59.703258],[-149.666147,59.850527],[-149.746364,59.860881],[-149.74622,59.637585],[-150.028296,59.788652],[-149.928962,59.723245],[-150.392481,59.387265],[-150.316945,59.585285],[-150.478742,59.458498],[-150.547729,59.590331],[-150.942212,59.233136],[-151.915684,59.227522],[-151.991618,59.313617],[-151.826047,59.439049],[-151.272459,59.555823],[-150.927312,59.793431],[-151.503822,59.633662],[-151.829137,59.720151],[-151.71801,60.009473],[-151.30609,60.387257],[-151.40927,60.720558],[-150.353702,61.031822],[-150.217179,60.930001],[-149.111617,60.878949],[-150.039304,61.144291],[-149.429513,61.447165],[-149.542776,61.489995],[-149.919682,61.26347],[-150.646221,61.296689],[-151.783271,60.868713],[-151.702833,60.727778],[-151.860179,60.753282],[-152.309221,60.506384],[-152.234199,60.393888],[-152.715881,60.241274],[-152.596784,60.101071],[-152.745083,59.904232],[-153.225937,59.858343],[-153.021945,59.834133],[-153.214156,59.634271],[-153.366613,59.633729],[-153.439977,59.784652],[-153.577828,59.555991],[-154.087803,59.367967],[-154.260121,59.14302],[-153.254798,58.861756],[-153.445002,58.70931],[-153.851432,58.611872],[-154.291163,58.13568],[-154.990431,58.013424],[-155.37861,57.710766],[-155.617188,57.769715],[-155.731412,57.555546],[-156.044031,57.564455],[-156.036722,57.470941],[-156.481632,57.338705],[-156.551239,57.2908],[-156.336427,57.336081],[-156.355401,57.159679],[-156.5472,56.986488],[-157.201724,56.767511],[-157.45759,56.848204],[-157.536486,56.615317],[-158.042012,56.596744],[-157.859766,56.483668],[-158.402954,56.455193],[-158.498837,56.38011],[-158.112718,56.240286],[-158.475258,56.093405],[-158.417889,56.036796],[-158.575042,56.121129],[-158.737009,55.953313],[-159.472801,55.83905],[-159.696713,55.573306],[-159.627482,55.803248],[-159.81107,55.85657],[-160.410823,55.66538],[-160.481633,55.489068],[-160.909625,55.52414],[-161.231535,55.357452],[-161.445196,55.368103],[-161.376102,55.569794],[-161.587047,55.62006],[-161.878076,55.223599],[-162.041236,55.236806],[-162.053281,55.074212],[-162.489735,55.064849],[-162.4168,55.104096],[-162.584872,55.298386],[-162.692309,55.197313],[-162.569289,54.97124],[-162.881639,54.934785],[-163.165036,55.099214],[-163.226313,55.042694],[-163.067008,54.979302],[-163.373207,54.800841],[-163.057228,54.688101],[-163.344791,54.751211],[-163.572383,54.623211],[-164.179617,54.599188],[-164.41682,54.431713],[-164.844931,54.417583],[-164.949781,54.575697],[-164.48678,54.922441],[-163.568159,55.049145],[-163.318885,54.88012],[-163.268767,55.145465],[-162.86152,55.198339],[-161.816225,55.888993],[-160.898682,55.999014],[-160.814205,55.953834],[-160.940845,55.822529],[-160.806014,55.738241],[-160.668102,55.723556],[-160.769155,55.858268],[-160.293924,55.765556],[-160.273176,55.856881],[-160.534541,55.989498],[-160.357156,56.279582],[-158.957471,56.851184],[-158.660298,56.789015],[-158.659945,57.034585],[-158.376249,57.265542],[-157.786046,57.542189],[-157.573472,57.522732],[-157.703782,57.721768],[-157.596601,58.08867],[-157.39735,58.173383],[-157.524477,58.414506],[-156.980888,58.891031],[-158.190283,58.61371],[-158.512547,58.78311],[-158.487015,58.999872],[-158.179588,59.012245],[-158.522231,59.021763],[-158.789632,58.814257],[-158.827852,58.626432],[-158.704052,58.482759],[-158.880927,58.39067],[-159.657362,58.938712],[-159.908386,58.779903],[-160.322922,58.953953],[-160.31778,59.070477],[-161.751999,58.551842],[-162.171722,58.648441],[-161.769501,58.774937],[-161.828171,59.062702],[-162.048584,59.254177],[-161.738312,59.46701],[-162.453176,60.27854],[-162.1724,60.624038],[-162.571198,60.25189],[-162.453176,60.197639],[-162.503647,59.99923],[-163.349027,59.81989],[-164.079837,59.828034],[-164.1916,60.024496],[-165.129403,60.433707],[-164.961439,60.508391],[-165.362975,60.506866],[-164.97125,60.711434],[-164.945958,60.92106],[-165.132488,60.850145],[-165.194945,60.9739],[-164.87045,61.079564],[-165.2897,61.181714],[-165.403007,61.06706],[-165.578127,61.100361],[-165.662892,61.29457],[-165.921194,61.40308],[-165.767226,61.45695],[-165.807627,61.529171],[-166.165232,61.550618],[-166.158976,61.700437],[-165.82214,61.67061],[-166.092081,61.800733],[-165.640216,61.848041],[-165.706155,62.108365],[-164.837703,62.685267],[-164.783858,62.946154],[-164.493118,63.17767],[-164.066991,63.262276],[-163.316203,63.037763],[-162.587754,63.275727]]],[[[-169.267598,63.343995],[-168.692939,63.302282],[-168.818344,63.163224],[-169.396308,63.136617],[-169.638309,62.937527],[-170.512102,63.341881],[-171.067663,63.424579],[-171.433319,63.307578],[-171.849984,63.485039],[-171.699647,63.781728],[-170.950817,63.570127],[-170.281988,63.68502],[-169.974858,63.470618],[-169.267598,63.343995]]],[[[-162.614621,63.621832],[-162.341892,63.594062],[-162.676581,63.555648],[-162.614621,63.621832]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alaska\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6874a1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gough, Larry P. lgough@usgs.gov","contributorId":1230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"Larry","email":"lgough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":544579,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544580,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":6881,"text":"fs00901 - 2001 - Evaluation of missing gage-height record for streams and lakes in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:50","indexId":"fs00901","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"009-01","title":"Evaluation of missing gage-height record for streams and lakes in Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs00901","usgsCitation":"Studley, S.E., 2001, Evaluation of missing gage-height record for streams and lakes in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 009-01, 1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill. ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00901.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill. ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":7653,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/fact-sheets/fs.009-01.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":906,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/Kansas/pubs/fact-sheets/fs.009-01.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34188,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fad3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Studley, Seth E. sstudley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Studley","given":"Seth","email":"sstudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24649,"text":"ofr00381 - 2001 - A cruise report of the Joint National Geographic Society U.S. Geological Survey Lake Tanganyika, River-Lake interactions expedition, July 8-27, 1999 in Tanzania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"ofr00381","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-381","title":"A cruise report of the Joint National Geographic Society U.S. Geological Survey Lake Tanganyika, River-Lake interactions expedition, July 8-27, 1999 in Tanzania","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00381","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P.W., 2001, A cruise report of the Joint National Geographic Society U.S. Geological Survey Lake Tanganyika, River-Lake interactions expedition, July 8-27, 1999 in Tanzania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-381, 10 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00381.","productDescription":"10 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0381/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53684,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0381/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30713,"text":"fs00601 - 2001 - Earthquakes in and near the Northeastern United States, 1638-1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:15","indexId":"fs00601","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"006-01","title":"Earthquakes in and near the Northeastern United States, 1638-1998","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs00601","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., Trevor, N., Tarr, A., and Crone, A.J., 2001, Earthquakes in and near the Northeastern United States, 1638-1998: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 006-01, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00601.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_006_01.bmp"},{"id":3083,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0006-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db6296ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, R. L.","contributorId":34916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trevor, N.K.","contributorId":68792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trevor","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C.","contributorId":75903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crone, A. J.","contributorId":84363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31165,"text":"ofr00323 - 2001 - Chemical analysis and modes of occurrence of selected trace elements in a Powder River basin coal and its corresponding simulated cleaned coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T13:28:48","indexId":"ofr00323","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-323","title":"Chemical analysis and modes of occurrence of selected trace elements in a Powder River basin coal and its corresponding simulated cleaned coal","docAbstract":"<p>This report provides semi-quantitative data on modes of occurrence of 19 elements in as-mined Powder River Basin coal and its corresponding simulated cleaned coal. The data are in support of the project \"Prediction of Trace Element Removal from Coal\" --a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with CQ Inc. The purpose of this CRADA is to apply modes of occurrence information to coal cleaning procedures. Techniques used in this study include sequential selective leaching procedures, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electron microprobe analysis. Selective leaching results indicate that greater than 40 percent of the elements Co, U, Be, Ca, Fe, Mn, Ba, Zn, Cd, Pb are associated with HCIsoluble carbonates, iron oxides, or monosulfides, greater than 40 percent of the Al, Cr and Mo are associated with HF-soluble silicates, greater than 40 percent of the Ni, Cu, As and Sb are associated with acid-insoluble phases and/or organic matter, and greater than 50 percent of the Hg is associated with HMDs-soluble pyrite. Thirty percent of the Th was leached by HCI and 30 percent of this element was leached by HF. Scanning electron microscopy indicates that quartz, kaolinite, illite and iron oxide, possibly hematite, are the major minerals present. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that quartz, kaolinite and hematite are present, but did not determine illite, indicating that illite in these coals is of low abundance or is poorly crystalline. Electron microprobe data indicate that concentrations of the chalcophile elements As, Se, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cd in most pyrite grains are at or below the detection limit of about 100-200 ppm in both the as-mined coal and its corresponding simulated cleaned coal product. The results of this project should aid in the development of models for predicting the response of potentially toxic trace elements in commercial coal cleaning procedures.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00323","usgsCitation":"Palmer, C., Mroczkowski, S.J., Kolker, A., Finkelman, R., and Bullock, J.H., 2001, Chemical analysis and modes of occurrence of selected trace elements in a Powder River basin coal and its corresponding simulated cleaned coal: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-323, 53 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00323.","productDescription":"53 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0323/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59695,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0323/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, Curtis A.","contributorId":46967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"Curtis A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mroczkowski, Stanley J. 0000-0001-8026-6025 smroczko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-6025","contributorId":2628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mroczkowski","given":"Stanley","email":"smroczko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finkelman, Robert B.","contributorId":38138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finkelman","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":205196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bullock, John H. Jr.","contributorId":105316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70209577,"text":"70209577 - 2001 - Paleoclimate concepts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-14T17:17:43.612523","indexId":"70209577","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-14T10:26:27","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Paleoclimate concepts","docAbstract":"<p>Interpretation of paleoclimate records requires an understanding of Earth’s climate system, the causes (forcings) of climate changes, and the processes that amplify (positive feedback) or damp (negative feedback) these changes. Paleoclimatologists reconstruct the history of climate from proxies, which are those characteristics of sedimentary deposits that preserve paleoclimate information. A great range of physical, chemical, isotopic, and biological characteristics of lake and ocean sediments, ice cores, cave formations, tree rings, the land surface itself, and more are used to reconstruct past climate. Ages of climate events are obtained by counting annual layers, measuring effects of the decay of radioactive atoms, assessing other changes that accumulate through time at rates that can be assessed accurately, and using time-markers to correlate sediments with others that have had their ages measured more accurately. Not all questions about the history of Earth’s climate can be answered through paleoclimatology: in some cases the necessary sediments are not preserved, or the climatic variable of interest is not recorded in the sediments. Nonetheless, many questions can be answered from the available information. An overview of the history of Arctic climate during the past 65 million years (m.y.) shows a long-term irregular cooling for tens of millions of years. As ice became established in the Arctic, it grew and shrank for tens of thousands of years in regular cycles. During at least the most recent of these cycles, shorter lived, large, and rapid fluctuations occurred, especially around the North Atlantic Ocean. The last 11,000 years or so have remained generally warm and relatively stable, but with small climate changes of varying spacing and size. Assessment of the causes of climate changes, and the records of those causes, shows that reduction in atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentration and changes in continental positions were important in the cooling trend throughout tens of millions of years. The cycling in ice extent was paced by features of Earth’s orbit and amplified by the effects of the ice itself, changes in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and additional feedbacks. Abrupt climate changes were linked to changes in the circulation of the ocean and the extent of sea ice. Changes in the Sun’s output and in Earth’s orbit, volcanic eruptions, and other factors have contributed to the natural climate changes since the end of the last ice age.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Past climate variability and change in the Arctic and at high latitudes: A report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and Subcommittee on Global Change Research.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English ","publisher":"U.S. Climate Change Science Program","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Ally, R.B., Fitzpatrick, J.J., Brigham-Grette, J., Miller, G.L., Muhs, D., and Polyak, L., 2001, Paleoclimate concepts, chap. <i>of</i> Past climate variability and change in the Arctic and at high latitudes: A report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and Subcommittee on Global Change Research., p. 11-30.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ally, Richard B.","contributorId":224097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ally","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Joan J. jfitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Joan","email":"jfitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brigham-Grette, J.","contributorId":78869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham-Grette","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Geoffery L.","contributorId":80601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Geoffery","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":168575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel R.","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Polyak, Leonid","contributorId":48014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polyak","given":"Leonid","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70164488,"text":"70164488 - 2001 - Soil characteristics and agrichemicals in groundwater of the Midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:57:40","indexId":"70164488","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil characteristics and agrichemicals in groundwater of the Midwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p>A comprehensive set of soil characteristics were examined to determine the effect of soil on the transport of agrichemicals to groundwater. This paper examines the relation of soil characteristics to concentrations and occurrence nitrate, atrazine, and atrazine residue from 99 wells completed in unconsolidated aquifers across the Midwestern United States. Soil characteristics that determine the rate of water movement were directly related to the occurrence and concentrations of nitrate and atrazine in groundwater. The substantial differences in the relations found among soil characteristics and nitrate and atrazine in groundwater suggest that different processes affect the transformation, adsorption, and transport of these contaminants. A multi-variable analysis determined that the soil characteristics examined explained the amount of variability in concentrations for nitrate (19%), atrazine (33%), and atrazine residue (29%). These results document that, although soils do affect the transport of agrichemicals to groundwater, other factors such as hydrology, land use, and climate must also be considered to understand the occurrence of agrichemicals in groundwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"IWA","doi":"10.2166/wst.2001.0298","usgsCitation":"Burkart, M., Kolpin, D., Jaquis, R., and Cole, K., 2001, Soil characteristics and agrichemicals in groundwater of the Midwestern United States: Water Science and Technology, v. 43, no. 5, p. 251-260, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0298.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b9ca90e4b08d617f63a86d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkart, M.","contributorId":88902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaquis, R.J.","contributorId":26835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaquis","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, K.","contributorId":52521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70226514,"text":"70226514 - 2001 - Strong-motion instrumentation and data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-22T17:37:10.561449","indexId":"70226514","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T11:33:03","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong-motion instrumentation and data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1193/1.1586190","usgsCitation":"Lee, W.H., and Shin, T.C., 2001, Strong-motion instrumentation and data: Earthquake Spectra, v. 17, no. 1 Suppl, p. 5-18, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586190.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1 Suppl","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, William H. K. whklee@usgs.gov","contributorId":623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"William","email":"whklee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":827167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shin, T. C.","contributorId":101421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70228819,"text":"70228819 - 2001 - Potential changes in the distributions of western North America tree and shrub taxa under future climate scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T17:07:41.788676","indexId":"70228819","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T10:56:41","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential changes in the distributions of western North America tree and shrub taxa under future climate scenarios","docAbstract":"<p>Increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases are driving significant changes in global climate. To project potential vegetation response to future climate change, this study uses response surfaces to describe the relationship between bioclimatic variables and the distribution of tree and shrub taxa in western North America. The response surfaces illustrate the probability of the occurrence of a taxon at particular points in climate space. Climate space was defined using three bioclimatic variables: mean temperature of the coldest month, growing degree days, and a moisture index. Species distributions were simulated under present climate using observed data (1951–80, 30-year mean) and under future climate (2090–99, 10-year mean) using scenarios generated by three general circulation models—HADCM2, CGCM1, and CSIRO. The scenarios assume a 1% per year compound increase in greenhouse gases and changes in sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub>) aerosols based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) IS92a scenario. The results indicate that under future climate conditions, potential range changes could be large for many tree and shrub taxa. Shifts in the potential ranges of species are simulated to occur not only northward but in all directions, including southward of the existing ranges of certain species. The simulated potential distributions of some species become increasingly fragmented under the future climate scenarios, while the simulated potential distributions of other species expand. The magnitudes of the simulated range changes imply significant impacts to ecosystems and shifts in patterns of species diversity in western North America.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-001-0004-5","usgsCitation":"Shafer, S., Bartlein, P.J., and Thompson, R.S., 2001, Potential changes in the distributions of western North America tree and shrub taxa under future climate scenarios: Ecosystems, v. 4, p. 200-215, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-001-0004-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"215","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.92578124999999,\n              6.315298538330033\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.34374999999999,\n              8.581021215641854\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.41015624999999,\n              11.695272733029402\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.16015624999999,\n              18.145851771694467\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.70703125,\n              21.453068633086783\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              28.304380682962783\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5078125,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.41015624999999,\n              35.31736632923788\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.65234375,\n              39.90973623453719\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.37890625,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.23828124999999,\n              45.706179285330855\n            ],\n            [\n              -52.03125,\n              46.558860303117164\n            ],\n            [\n              -52.3828125,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.84375,\n              50.401515322782366\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.84375,\n              54.16243396806779\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.4140625,\n              56.36525013685606\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.9296875,\n              60.06484046010452\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.9296875,\n              63.704722429433225\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.46875,\n              66.51326044311185\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.84375,\n              68.00757101804004\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.84375,\n              66.01801815922045\n            ],\n            [\n              -51.15234375,\n              61.438767493682825\n            ],\n            [\n              -44.29687499999999,\n              59.085738569819505\n            ],\n            [\n              -41.30859375,\n              61.60639637138628\n            ],\n            [\n              -38.84765625,\n              64.84893726357947\n            ],\n            [\n              -31.640625,\n              67.13582938531948\n            ],\n            [\n              -21.26953125,\n              69.59589006237648\n            ],\n            [\n              -20.390625,\n              71.96538769913127\n            ],\n            [\n              -21.09375,\n              72.97118902284586\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.34765625,\n              74.913708156753\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.69921875,\n              77.87881372624746\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.34765625,\n              79.84334640007744\n            ],\n            [\n              -10.546875,\n              81.46626086056541\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.765625,\n              82.02137801950887\n            ],\n            [\n              -22.5,\n              83.15311098437887\n            ],\n            [\n              -28.30078125,\n              83.7347568285531\n            ],\n            [\n              -36.38671875,\n              83.79204408779539\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.94140624999999,\n              82.4256290002969\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.45703124999999,\n              82.98340359715496\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9375,\n              83.3391531415795\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0234375,\n              82.85338229176081\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.33984375,\n              81.79875708305217\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              81.33484424149815\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.55859375,\n              80.32750594400994\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.77734374999999,\n              80.23850054635392\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.23828125,\n              79.65566785464809\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8515625,\n              78.87004849291571\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1015625,\n              76.63922560965885\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              74.35482803013984\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.91406249999999,\n              72.28906720017675\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.92578125,\n              71.01695975726373\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8046875,\n              70.4367988185464\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.671875,\n              70.8446726342528\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.7578125,\n              69.59589006237648\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.08593749999997,\n              70.49557354093136\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1484375,\n              71.69129271863999\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.4765625,\n              70.37785394109224\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.8828125,\n              69.28725695167886\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.55273437499997,\n              69.1312712296365\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.904296875,\n              68.33437594128185\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.1796875,\n              67.37369797436554\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.4765625,\n              66.89559561140706\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.48632812499997,\n              65.91062334197893\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.3984375,\n              65.25670649344259\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.76171875,\n              64.24459476798195\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.794921875,\n              63.430860212678105\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.55273437499997,\n              61.897577621605016\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.958984375,\n              60.108670463036\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.498046875,\n              59.66774058164963\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.94921875,\n              59.66774058164963\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.333984375,\n              58.401711667608\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.224609375,\n              58.44773280389084\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.203125,\n              58.12431960569374\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.1015625,\n              54.00776876193478\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.013671875,\n              52.5897007687178\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.35546875,\n              54.00776876193478\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.56640625,\n              57.088515327886505\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0390625,\n              55.7765730186677\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.611328125,\n              57.75107598132104\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.78710937499997,\n              58.859223547066584\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.150390625,\n              59.62332522313024\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.568359375,\n              59.57885104663186\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.458984375,\n              60.108670463036\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.943359375,\n              59.66774058164963\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.28515624999997,\n              58.07787626787517\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.439453125,\n              56.26776108757582\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.9453125,\n              53.80065082633023\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.484375,\n              51.781435604431195\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.595703125,\n              48.16608541901253\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.62890625,\n              45.644768217751924\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.15625000000001,\n              43.32517767999296\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.15625000000001,\n              40.3130432088809\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.74999999999999,\n              37.71859032558816\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.11328124999999,\n              34.08906131584994\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              33.063924198120645\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.71874999999999,\n              29.84064389983441\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.31249999999999,\n              27.21555620902969\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              22.59372606392931\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.6328125,\n              24.287026865376436\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.083984375,\n              22.105998799750566\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.25976562499999,\n              20.05593126519445\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.4140625,\n              18.312810846425442\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.416015625,\n              14.859850400601037\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.00976562499999,\n              15.876809064146757\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.58203125,\n              12.983147716796578\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              12.811801316582619\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.748046875,\n              10.14193168613103\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.111328125,\n              8.059229627200192\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.92578124999999,\n              6.315298538330033\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafer, Sarah 0000-0003-3739-2637 sshafer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3739-2637","contributorId":149866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah","email":"sshafer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartlein, Patrick J.","contributorId":106879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlein","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70243312,"text":"70243312 - 2001 - Nomad Rover field experiment, Atacama Desert, Chile 1. Science results overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-08T15:43:11.895137","indexId":"70243312","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T10:42:43","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5718,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","onlineIssn":"2169-9100","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nomad Rover field experiment, Atacama Desert, Chile 1. Science results overview","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nomad was deployed for a 45 day traverse in the Atacama Desert, Chile, during the summer of 1997. During this traverse, 1 week was devoted to science experiments. The goal of the science experiments was to test different planetary surface exploration strategies that included (1) a Mars mission simulation, (2) a science on the fly experiment, where the rover was kept moving 75% of the operation time. (The goal of this operation was to determine whether or not successful interpretation of the environment is related to the time spent on a target. The role of mobility in helping the interpretation was also assessed.) (3) a meteorite search using visual and instrumental methods to remotely identify meteorites in extreme environments, and (4) a time-delay experiment with and without using the panospheric camera. The results were as follow: the remote science team positively identified the main characteristics of the test site geological environment. The science on the fly experiment showed that the selection of appropriate targets might be even more critical than the time spent on a study area to reconstruct the history of a site. During the same operation the science team members identified and sampled a rock from a Jurassic outcrop that they proposed to be a fossil. The presence of paleolife indicators in this rock was confirmed later by laboratory analysis. Both visual and instrumental modes demonstrated the feasibility, in at least some conditions, of carrying out a field search for meteorites by using remote-controlled vehicles. Finally, metrics collected from the observation of the science team operations, and the use team members made of mission data, provided critical information on what operation sequences could be automated on board rovers in future planetary surface explorations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JE001166","usgsCitation":"Cabrol, N.A., Chong Diaz, G., Stoker, C.R., Gulick, V.C., Landheim, R., Lee, P., Roush, T.L., Zent, A.P., Herrera Lameli, C., Jensen Iglesia, A., Pereira Arrerondo, M., Dohm, J.M., Keaten, R., Wettergreen, D., Sims, M.H., Schwher, K., Bualat, M.G., Thomas, H.J., Zbinden, E., Christian, D., Pedersen, L., Bettis, A., Thomas, G., and Witzke, B., 2001, Nomad Rover field experiment, Atacama Desert, Chile 1. Science results overview: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, v. 106, no. E4, p. 7785-7806, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001166.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"7785","endPage":"7806","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999je001166","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":416813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Atacama Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -68.74530600528163,\n              -26.185018489688396\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.58770961931708,\n              -26.185018489688396\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.58770961931708,\n              -29.100318261231237\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.74530600528163,\n              -29.100318261231237\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.74530600528163,\n              -26.185018489688396\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cabrol, N. A.","contributorId":289598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cabrol","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":62198,"text":"SETI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chong Diaz, Guillermo","contributorId":6980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong Diaz","given":"Guillermo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoker, C. R.","contributorId":14612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gulick, V. C.","contributorId":47545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulick","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landheim, R.","contributorId":304941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landheim","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, P.","contributorId":47101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roush, T. L.","contributorId":77661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roush","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zent, A. P.","contributorId":304942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zent","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Herrera Lameli, C.","contributorId":304943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrera Lameli","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jensen Iglesia, A.","contributorId":304944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen Iglesia","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pereira Arrerondo, M.","contributorId":304945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pereira Arrerondo","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Keaten, R.","contributorId":62839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keaten","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wettergreen, D.","contributorId":304946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wettergreen","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sims, M. H.","contributorId":304947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sims","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Schwher, K.","contributorId":304948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwher","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Bualat, M. G.","contributorId":304949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bualat","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Thomas, H. J.","contributorId":304950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Zbinden, E.","contributorId":304951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zbinden","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Christian, D.","contributorId":304952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christian","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Pedersen, L.","contributorId":304953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedersen","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Bettis, A. III","contributorId":304954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bettis","given":"A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Thomas, G.","contributorId":304955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Witzke, B.","contributorId":108310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}}
,{"id":70164480,"text":"70164480 - 2001 - Occurrence, distribution, and transport of nutrients in Eastern Iowa Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T09:13:49","indexId":"70164480","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Occurrence, distribution, and transport of nutrients in Eastern Iowa Rivers","docAbstract":"<p>Eleven streams in the Wapsipinicon, Cedar, Iowa, and Skunk River basins in eastern Iowa were sampled monthly from March 1996 through September 1998 to assess the occurrence, distribution, and transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. At least one form of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus was detected in every sample collected. Nitrate accounted for 92 percent of the dissolved nitrogen. About 22 percent of the samples contained nitrate that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L) as nitrogen in drinking water. The median concentration of total nitrogen for surface water in the study area was 7.2 mg/L. Dissolved phosphorus was predominately in the form of orthophosphate. The median total phosphorus concentration for the study area was 0.22 mg/L. About 75 percent of the total phosphorus concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended total phosphorus concentration of 0.10 mg/L or less to minimize algal growth in streams not discharging directly into lakes or impoundments. Median suspended-sediment concentration for the study area was 82 mg/L.</p>\n<p>Nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended-sediment concentrations varied annually and seasonally. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended-sediment concentrations increased each year of the study due to increased precipitation and runoff. Concentrations were typically higher in the spring after fertilizer application and runoff. In winter, nitrogen concentrations typically increased when there was little instream assimilation by aquatic plants and algae. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations decreased in late summer when there was less runoff and instream assimilation of nitrogen and phosphorus by aquatic plants and algae was high. Suspended-sediment concentrations were highest in early summer during runoff and lowest in January when there was ice cover with very little overland flow contributing to rivers and streams.</p>\n<p>Streams draining small- to medium-sized watersheds that have uniform land use and geology had significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher total dissolved-nitrogen concentrations (median, 8.2 mg/L) than did samples from large rivers (median, 6.2 mg/L) that drain basins with mixed land use and geology. Samples from large rivers typically had significantly (p&lt; 0.05) higher total phosphorus and suspended-sediment concentrations than did samples from small rivers and streams.</p>\n<p>Concentrations varied between drainage basins due to land use and physiography. Basins that are located in areas with a higher percentage of row-crop agriculture typically had samples with higher nitrogen concentrations than did basins with less row-crop agriculture. In addition, basins that drain the Southern Iowa Drift Plain and the Des Moines Lobe typically had samples with higher total phosphorus and suspended-sediment concentrations than did basins that drain other landform regions.</p>\n<p>Total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads were typically proportional to the size of the drainage basin. Total nitrogen loads increased each year from 1996 through 1998 in conjunction with increased concentrations and runoff. However, total phosphorus loads in the Skunk River Basin decreased in 1997 due to less runoff. Total phosphorus loads followed the same pattern as total nitrogen loads with increases in 1998. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads varied seasonally and the highest loads typically occurred in early spring and summer after fertilizer application and runoff. Loads were lowest in January and September when there was little runoff to transport nitrogen and phosphorus to the rivers and streams.</p>\n<p>Total nitrogen loads contributed to the Mississippi River from the Eastern Iowa Basins during 1996, 1997, and 1998 were 97,000, 120,000, and 230,000 metric tons respectively. Total phosphorus loads contributed to the Mississippi River from the Eastern Iowa Basins during 1996, 1997, and 1998 were 6,900, 4,600, and 8,800 metric tons, respectively. The highest nitrogen and phosphorus yields typically occurred in streams draining small watersheds that were dominated by a single land use and geology. Sampling sites located in drainage basins with higher row-crop percentage typically had higher nitrogen and phosphorus yields. Sites that were located in the Des Moines Lobe and the Southern Iowa Drift Plain typically had higher phosphorus yields probably due to more erodible soils and steeper slopes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Agriculture and the Environment: State and Federal Water Initiatives Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"State and Federal Water Initiatives Conference","conferenceDate":"March 5-7. 2001","conferenceLocation":"Ames, IA","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Becher, K., 2001, Occurrence, distribution, and transport of nutrients in Eastern Iowa Rivers, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Agriculture and the Environment: State and Federal Water Initiatives Conference, Ames, IA, March 5-7. 2001, p. 83-84.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316645,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ia.water.usgs.gov/projects/nawqa/abstracts/ISU2001.SWnut.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.217706,43.50055],[-91.216035,43.481142],[-91.233367,43.455168],[-91.200359,43.412701],[-91.198953,43.389835],[-91.21477,43.365874],[-91.20662,43.352524],[-91.132813,43.32803],[-91.107237,43.313645],[-91.07371,43.274746],[-91.071698,43.261014],[-91.058644,43.257679],[-91.066398,43.239293],[-91.12217,43.197255],[-91.1462,43.152405],[-91.1562,43.142945],[-91.175253,43.134665],[-91.179457,43.067427],[-91.156562,42.978226],[-91.14543,42.958211],[-91.14988,42.941955],[-91.1438,42.922877],[-91.146177,42.90985],[-91.100565,42.883078],[-91.097656,42.859871],[-91.091837,42.851225],[-91.09406,42.830813],[-91.078665,42.827678],[-91.069549,42.769628],[-91.060261,42.761847],[-91.065783,42.753387],[-91.056297,42.747341],[-91.051275,42.737001],[-91.035418,42.73734],[-91.026786,42.724228],[-91.000128,42.716189],[-90.977735,42.696816],[-90.949213,42.685573],[-90.923634,42.6855],[-90.88743,42.67247],[-90.731132,42.643437],[-90.706303,42.634169],[-90.692031,42.610366],[-90.686975,42.591774],[-90.661527,42.567999],[-90.654127,42.5499],[-90.643927,42.540401],[-90.636927,42.513202],[-90.655927,42.491703],[-90.654027,42.478503],[-90.624328,42.458904],[-90.567968,42.440389],[-90.560439,42.432897],[-90.555018,42.416138],[-90.477279,42.383794],[-90.462619,42.367253],[-90.443874,42.355218],[-90.416535,42.325109],[-90.430884,42.27823],[-90.419326,42.254467],[-90.400653,42.239293],[-90.391108,42.225473],[-90.356964,42.205445],[-90.328273,42.201047],[-90.282173,42.178846],[-90.234919,42.165431],[-90.209479,42.15268],[-90.197342,42.128163],[-90.167533,42.122475],[-90.161159,42.106372],[-90.168358,42.075779],[-90.164485,42.042105],[-90.151579,42.030633],[-90.140061,42.003252],[-90.146225,41.981329],[-90.164135,41.956178],[-90.163847,41.944934],[-90.152659,41.933058],[-90.153584,41.906614],[-90.181401,41.844647],[-90.181973,41.80707],[-90.278633,41.767358],[-90.310708,41.742214],[-90.317668,41.72269],[-90.313435,41.698082],[-90.334525,41.679559],[-90.343452,41.646959],[-90.339528,41.598633],[-90.343228,41.587833],[-90.41283,41.565333],[-90.461432,41.523533],[-90.500633,41.518033],[-90.540935,41.526133],[-90.591037,41.512832],[-90.602137,41.506032],[-90.605937,41.494232],[-90.655839,41.462132],[-90.750142,41.449632],[-90.846558,41.455141],[-90.930016,41.421404],[-90.979815,41.434321],[-91.027787,41.423603],[-91.043988,41.415897],[-91.05101,41.387556],[-91.06652,41.365246],[-91.074841,41.305578],[-91.092034,41.286911],[-91.114186,41.250029],[-91.113648,41.241401],[-91.07298,41.207151],[-91.041536,41.166138],[-91.027214,41.163373],[-91.007586,41.166183],[-90.99496,41.160624],[-90.946627,41.096632],[-90.949383,41.072711],[-90.942253,41.034702],[-90.945949,41.006495],[-90.958142,40.979767],[-90.952233,40.954047],[-90.965344,40.921633],[-91.009536,40.900565],[-91.021562,40.884021],[-91.044653,40.868356],[-91.05643,40.848387],[-91.092993,40.821079],[-91.097649,40.805575],[-91.091703,40.779708],[-91.110424,40.745528],[-91.115735,40.725168],[-91.11194,40.697018],[-91.123928,40.669152],[-91.185428,40.638071],[-91.253074,40.637962],[-91.306524,40.626231],[-91.339719,40.613488],[-91.359873,40.601805],[-91.379752,40.57445],[-91.401482,40.559458],[-91.406373,40.551831],[-91.404125,40.539127],[-91.384531,40.530948],[-91.369059,40.512532],[-91.364211,40.500043],[-91.364915,40.484168],[-91.381769,40.442555],[-91.372554,40.4012],[-91.381958,40.387632],[-91.419422,40.378264],[-91.441243,40.386255],[-91.452458,40.375501],[-91.463895,40.375659],[-91.465116,40.385257],[-91.484507,40.3839],[-91.490977,40.393484],[-91.487829,40.403866],[-91.498093,40.401926],[-91.522333,40.409648],[-91.527057,40.416689],[-91.519012,40.431298],[-91.529132,40.434272],[-91.533548,40.440804],[-91.523271,40.450061],[-91.526155,40.458625],[-91.552691,40.458769],[-91.574746,40.465664],[-91.590817,40.492292],[-91.621353,40.510072],[-91.618028,40.53403],[-91.6219,40.542292],[-91.6887,40.55739],[-91.691557,40.564867],[-91.686357,40.580875],[-91.716769,40.59853],[-91.729115,40.61364],[-92.686693,40.589809],[-94.294813,40.571341],[-94.632032,40.571186],[-95.765645,40.585208],[-95.753148,40.59284],[-95.748626,40.603355],[-95.768926,40.621264],[-95.776251,40.647463],[-95.795489,40.662384],[-95.822913,40.66724],[-95.842801,40.677496],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.883178,40.717579],[-95.888907,40.731855],[-95.879027,40.753081],[-95.84662,40.768619],[-95.835232,40.779151],[-95.834523,40.787778],[-95.845342,40.811324],[-95.837186,40.835347],[-95.847084,40.854174],[-95.847785,40.864328],[-95.838735,40.872191],[-95.815933,40.879846],[-95.809474,40.891228],[-95.813458,40.901693],[-95.836438,40.921642],[-95.839743,40.93278],[-95.829074,40.975688],[-95.838908,40.986484],[-95.867286,41.001599],[-95.869486,41.009399],[-95.859918,41.025403],[-95.859654,41.035695],[-95.882415,41.060411],[-95.862587,41.088399],[-95.865888,41.117898],[-95.882088,41.143998],[-95.883489,41.154898],[-95.871912,41.168122],[-95.846188,41.166698],[-95.841288,41.174998],[-95.856788,41.187098],[-95.90969,41.184398],[-95.91829,41.186698],[-95.92599,41.195698],[-95.924891,41.211198],[-95.910891,41.231798],[-95.921891,41.264598],[-95.913991,41.271398],[-95.928691,41.281398],[-95.927491,41.298397],[-95.90589,41.300897],[-95.90429,41.293497],[-95.912491,41.279498],[-95.90249,41.273398],[-95.87689,41.285097],[-95.871489,41.295797],[-95.883089,41.316697],[-95.92569,41.322197],[-95.946891,41.334096],[-95.956691,41.345496],[-95.954891,41.351796],[-95.93549,41.360596],[-95.92879,41.370096],[-95.93689,41.396387],[-95.929721,41.411331],[-95.933169,41.42943],[-95.919865,41.447922],[-95.922529,41.455766],[-95.936801,41.46519],[-95.962329,41.46281],[-96.011757,41.476212],[-96.019542,41.486617],[-95.997903,41.504789],[-95.992599,41.514174],[-95.999529,41.538679],[-96.005079,41.544004],[-96.019686,41.545743],[-96.027289,41.541081],[-96.034305,41.512853],[-96.040701,41.507076],[-96.05369,41.508859],[-96.07307,41.525052],[-96.08822,41.530595],[-96.09409,41.539265],[-96.093613,41.558271],[-96.081152,41.577289],[-96.085771,41.585746],[-96.109387,41.596871],[-96.117558,41.609999],[-96.116233,41.621574],[-96.100701,41.635507],[-96.095046,41.647365],[-96.099837,41.66103],[-96.120983,41.677861],[-96.121401,41.688522],[-96.111968,41.697773],[-96.082429,41.698159],[-96.073063,41.705004],[-96.079682,41.717962],[-96.10261,41.728016],[-96.106425,41.73789],[-96.102772,41.746339],[-96.079915,41.757895],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.064537,41.793002],[-96.075548,41.807811],[-96.107592,41.820685],[-96.110246,41.84885],[-96.142045,41.868865],[-96.148826,41.888132],[-96.161756,41.90182],[-96.160767,41.908044],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.144583,41.941544],[-96.133318,41.955732],[-96.1289,41.969727],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.156538,41.980137],[-96.184243,41.976696],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.215225,42.006701],[-96.223896,41.995456],[-96.236487,41.996428],[-96.241932,42.006965],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.223822,42.033346],[-96.238392,42.041088],[-96.261132,42.038974],[-96.271427,42.044988],[-96.279342,42.07028],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.279203,42.12348],[-96.310085,42.132523],[-96.319528,42.146647],[-96.342395,42.160491],[-96.349688,42.172043],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.358141,42.214088],[-96.336323,42.218922],[-96.323723,42.229887],[-96.330004,42.240224],[-96.328905,42.254734],[-96.336003,42.264806],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.369212,42.308344],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.407998,42.337408],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.417093,42.361443],[-96.408436,42.376092],[-96.41498,42.393442],[-96.413609,42.407894],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.380707,42.446394],[-96.385407,42.473094],[-96.396107,42.484095],[-96.409408,42.487595],[-96.474409,42.491895],[-96.476909,42.497795],[-96.473339,42.503537],[-96.477454,42.509589],[-96.490089,42.512441],[-96.49297,42.517282],[-96.479909,42.524195],[-96.476952,42.556079],[-96.498041,42.558153],[-96.498709,42.57087],[-96.489328,42.5708],[-96.485796,42.575001],[-96.49545,42.579474],[-96.494777,42.585741],[-96.499885,42.588539],[-96.509468,42.61273],[-96.517048,42.615343],[-96.525671,42.609312],[-96.531604,42.615148],[-96.518542,42.62035],[-96.516338,42.630435],[-96.537881,42.646446],[-96.542366,42.660736],[-96.559281,42.657903],[-96.556461,42.663939],[-96.566684,42.675942],[-96.576381,42.671302],[-96.575299,42.682665],[-96.596405,42.688514],[-96.59908,42.697296],[-96.61017,42.694568],[-96.629625,42.705102],[-96.624446,42.714294],[-96.624704,42.725497],[-96.631931,42.725086],[-96.638621,42.734921],[-96.630485,42.750378],[-96.620548,42.753534],[-96.620272,42.757124],[-96.632212,42.761512],[-96.633168,42.768325],[-96.61949,42.784034],[-96.604559,42.783034],[-96.595283,42.792982],[-96.590757,42.808255],[-96.596008,42.815044],[-96.585699,42.818041],[-96.577937,42.827645],[-96.581604,42.837521],[-96.571353,42.837155],[-96.565605,42.830434],[-96.560572,42.839373],[-96.552092,42.836057],[-96.549513,42.839143],[-96.554709,42.846142],[-96.545502,42.849956],[-96.54146,42.857682],[-96.550439,42.863171],[-96.549659,42.870281],[-96.537851,42.878475],[-96.540396,42.888877],[-96.526563,42.893755],[-96.542847,42.903737],[-96.537354,42.908791],[-96.541689,42.922576],[-96.525536,42.935511],[-96.516203,42.933769],[-96.52012,42.938183],[-96.500308,42.959391],[-96.505028,42.970844],[-96.515922,42.972886],[-96.520773,42.980385],[-96.512237,42.985937],[-96.509986,42.995126],[-96.49782,42.998143],[-96.49167,43.009707],[-96.499187,43.019213],[-96.510995,43.024701],[-96.509146,43.03668],[-96.518431,43.042068],[-96.510256,43.049917],[-96.490365,43.050789],[-96.476905,43.062383],[-96.463094,43.062981],[-96.458201,43.067554],[-96.454188,43.083379],[-96.462636,43.089614],[-96.460516,43.09494],[-96.436589,43.120842],[-96.450361,43.142237],[-96.458854,43.143356],[-96.466537,43.150281],[-96.464896,43.182034],[-96.473834,43.189804],[-96.470781,43.205099],[-96.475571,43.221054],[-96.496454,43.223652],[-96.519273,43.21769],[-96.535741,43.22764],[-96.56044,43.224219],[-96.568505,43.231554],[-96.571194,43.238961],[-96.552963,43.247281],[-96.552591,43.257769],[-96.582904,43.26769],[-96.586317,43.274319],[-96.577588,43.2788],[-96.580346,43.298204],[-96.553087,43.29286],[-96.530392,43.300034],[-96.526004,43.309999],[-96.534913,43.336473],[-96.524289,43.347214],[-96.527345,43.368109],[-96.521323,43.374607],[-96.521572,43.38564],[-96.524044,43.394762],[-96.529152,43.397735],[-96.537116,43.395063],[-96.573579,43.419228],[-96.569628,43.427527],[-96.575181,43.431756],[-96.592905,43.43317],[-96.602608,43.449649],[-96.600039,43.45708],[-96.584603,43.46961],[-96.586364,43.478251],[-96.580997,43.481384],[-96.590452,43.494298],[-96.598396,43.495074],[-96.598929,43.500441],[-91.217706,43.50055]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b9ca81e4b08d617f63a84c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becher, Kent 0000-0002-3947-0793 kdbecher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3947-0793","contributorId":3863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becher","given":"Kent","email":"kdbecher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4916,"text":"twri03B8 - 2001 - System and boundary conceptualization in ground-water flow simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"twri03B8","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-B8","title":"System and boundary conceptualization in ground-water flow simulation","docAbstract":"Ground-water models attempt to represent an actual ground-water system with a mathematical counterpart. The conceptualization of how and where water originates in the ground-water-flow system and how and where it leaves the system is critical to the development of an accurate model. The mathematical representation of these boundaries in the model is important because many hydrologic boundary conditions can be mathematically represented in more than one way. The determination of which mathematical representation of a boundary condition is best usually is dependent upon the objectives of the study. This report focuses on the specific aspect of describing different ways to simulate, in a numerical model, the physical features that act as hydrologic boundaries in an actual ground-water system. The ramifications, benefits, and limitations of each approach are enumerated, and descriptions of the representation of boundaries in models for Long Island, New York, and the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, illustrate the application of some of the methods.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/twri03B8","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., 2001, System and boundary conceptualization in ground-water flow simulation: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-B8, USGS-TWRI book 3, chap. B8. 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03B8.","productDescription":"USGS-TWRI book 3, chap. B8. 29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":685,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri-3_B8/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687c63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38273,"text":"pp1636 - 2001 - Numerical-simulation and conjunctive-management models of the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T20:31:55.742573","indexId":"pp1636","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1636","title":"Numerical-simulation and conjunctive-management models of the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"<p>Numerical-simulation and optimization techniques were used to evaluate alternatives for the conjunctive management of ground- and surface-water resources of the Hunt­-Annaquatucket­-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system in central Rhode Island. Ground-water withdrawals from the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt aquifer exceeded 8 million gallons per day during months of peak water use during 1993­98, and additional withdrawals have been proposed to meet growing demands from within and outside of the system boundary. The system is defined by the Hunt­-Annaquatucket­-Pettaquamscutt aquifer, which is composed of glacial stratified deposits, and the network of rivers, brooks, and ponds that overlie and are in hydraulic connection with the aquifer. Nearly all of the water withdrawn, however, is derived from depletions of flow in the rivers, brooks, and ponds that overlie the aquifer. Streamflow depletions are of concern to environmental agencies because of the adverse effects that reductions in streamflow can have on aquatic and riparian ecosystems.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>A conjunctive-management model of the stream-aquifer system was developed to simultaneously address the water-demand and streamflow-depletion issues. The objective of the model was to maximize total ground-water withdrawal from the aquifer during July, August, and September. These three months are generally the time of year when water-supply demands are largest and streamflows are simultaneously lowest. Total withdrawal from the aquifer was limited by a set of constraints specified in the model. These constraints were (1) maximum rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt, Annaquatucket, and Pettaquamscutt Rivers; (2) minimum monthly water demands of each of three water-supply systems that withdraw water from the aquifer; and (3) minimum and maximum withdrawal rates at each supply well.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>The conjunctive-management model was formulated mathematically as a linear program. The model was solved by a response-matrix technique that incorporates the results of transient, numerical simulation of the stream-aquifer system into the constraint set of the linear program. The basis of the technique was the assumption that streamflow-depletion rates in each river were a linear function of ground-water-withdrawal rates at each well. This assumption was shown to be valid for the conditions evaluated in this study, primarily because of the very high transmissivity of the aquifer near many of the wells pumped for water supply. A transient, numerical model of the system was developed to simulate an average annual cycle of monthly withdrawal and hydrologic conditions representative of the 56-year period 1941­96. The transient model was used to generate characteristic streamflow-depletion responses in each river to simulated withdrawals at each well; these characteristic responses, or response coefficients, were then incorporated directly into the streamflow-depletion constraints of the linear program.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>Four sets of applications of the conjunctive-management model were made to determine whether total ground-water withdrawal from the aquifer during July, August, and September could be increased over the current total withdrawal for alternative definitions of the maximum rates of streamflow depletion allowed in the Hunt, Annaquatucket, and Pettaquamscutt Rivers. Current conditions were defined as the average monthly withdrawal rates at each supply well, water demands of each of the three water-supply systems, and estimated streamflow-depletion rates during the 6-year period 1993­98. Total withdrawal from all wells in the system from July through September during 1993­98 was 506.5 million gallons. Estimated streamflow-depletion rates for 1993­98 were calculated by use of the transient model, with the 1993­98 average monthly withdrawal rates specified at each supply well. Streamflow-depletion rates calculated for July, August, and September averaged 25 percent of the model-calculated pre-withdrawal streamflow rates for the Hunt River, 19 percent for the Annaquatucket River, and 7 percent for the Pettaquamscutt River.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>The first set of applications of the model were made with the current estimated rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt, Annaquatucket, and Pettaquamscutt Rivers. Results of these applications indicated that total withdrawal from the aquifer during July, August, and September could be increased from about 8 to 18 percent (from 546.0 to 596.3 million gallons) over the current total withdrawal. The increased withdrawal would require modifications to the current annual withdrawal schedule of each supply well and, for the 18-percent increase, a modified network of supply wells that would include two new wells in the Annaquatucket River Basin. A second set of model applications then was made to determine if current estimated rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt River could be reduced without increasing current estimated rates of streamflow depletion in the Annaquatucket or Pettaquamscutt Rivers. Decreases in the current rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt River would result in increased streamflow in the river during these three months. Results showed that current rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt River during July, August, and September could be decreased from 5 to 15 percent, depending on whether the existing or modified well network was used.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>Subsequent model applications indicated that substantial increases in total ground-water withdrawal from the aquifer are possible, but would require increased rates of streamflow depletion in the Annaquatucket and Pettaquamscutt Rivers. Maximum increases in the July through September withdrawal from the aquifer of about 39 to 50 percent (from 705.1 to 760.3 million gallons) over the current total withdrawal were calculated when streamflow-depletion rates in the Annaquatucket and Pettaquamscutt Rivers were allowed to increase from current estimated rates to a maximum of 25 percent of the model-calculated pre-withdrawal streamflow for each river during July, August, and September. Alternatively, it was shown that current estimated rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt River during July, August, and September could be reduced by as much as 35 percent for the maximum allowed increases in streamflow depletion in the Annaquatucket and Pettaquamscutt Rivers; maximum increased withdrawal from the aquifer, however, would range from 8 to 18 percent over the current total withdrawal for the 35-percent reduction in streamflow-depletion rates in the Hunt River.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>Results of the different applications of the model demonstrate the usefulness of coupling numerical-simulation and optimization techniques for regional-scale evaluation of water-resource management alternatives. The results of the evaluation must be viewed, however, within the limitations of the quality of data available for the Hunt­-Annaquatucket­-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system and representation of the system by a simulation model. An additional limitation of the analysis was the use of an average annual cycle of monthly withdrawal and hydrologic conditions. Ground-water withdrawal strategies may need to be modified to meet streamflow-depletion constraints during extreme hydrologic events, such as droughts.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>Contributing areas and sources of water to the supply wells also were delineated by use of a steady-state model of the stream-aquifer system. The model was developed to simulate long-term-average ground-water flow and ground-water/ surface-water interactions in the system during the 56-year period 1941­96. Sources of water to the wells consisted of precipitation and wastewater recharge to the aquifer, streamflow leakage from natural stream-channel losses, streamflow leakage caused by induced infiltration, and lateral ground-water inflow from till and bedrock upland areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1636","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., and Dickerman, D.C., 2001, Numerical-simulation and conjunctive-management models of the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1636, Report: vi, 88 p.; 1 Plate: 8.00 x 10.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1636.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 88 p.; 1 Plate: 8.00 x 10.74 inches","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411376,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37347.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1636/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.53278939505572,\n              41.672256551048775\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.53278939505572,\n              41.46679169393127\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.42248696957856,\n              41.46679169393127\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.42248696957856,\n              41.672256551048775\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.53278939505572,\n              41.672256551048775\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickerman, David C.","contributorId":41047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30715,"text":"fs02101 - 2001 - Natural gas hydrates; vast resource, uncertain future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:05","indexId":"fs02101","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"021-01","title":"Natural gas hydrates; vast resource, uncertain future","docAbstract":"Gas hydrates are naturally occurring icelike solids in which water molecules trap gas molecules in a cagelike structure known as a clathrate. Although many gases form hydrates in nature, methane hydrate is by far the most common; methane is the most abundant natural gas. The volume of carbon contained in methane hydrates worldwide is estimated to be twice the amount contained in all fossil fuels on Earth, including coal.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs02101","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., 2001, Natural gas hydrates; vast resource, uncertain future: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 021-01, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02101.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_021_01.bmp"},{"id":2531,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/factsheet/fs021-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21651,"text":"ofr99164 - 2001 - Characterization of Northern California petroleum by stable carbon isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T15:36:48","indexId":"ofr99164","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-164","title":"Characterization of Northern California petroleum by stable carbon isotopes","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this study is to characterize natural occurrences of petroleum at the surface and in the subsurface within northern California in order to define and map petroleum systems for U.S. Geological Survey energy resource assessments. Furthermore, the chemical characterization and mapping of natural petroleum occurrences could also be used to discriminate natural occurrences from accidental oil spills during the activities of extraction or transportation of petroleum. Samples include petroleum from exploratory well tests, producing fields, natural seeps, and oil-stained rocks, and condensates from gas wells. Most of the sample localities are in northern California but a few samples from central and southern California are included for comparison (table 1). Even though other analyses were performed, only stable carbon isotope (δ13C) data are presented here for brevity and because δ13C values are one of the most discriminating characteristics of California petroleum. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99164","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Lillis, P.G., Magoon, L.B., Stanley, R.G., McLaughlin, R.J., and Warden, A., 2001, Characterization of Northern California petroleum by stable carbon isotopes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-164, 19 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99164.","productDescription":"19 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0164/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":8112,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/energy/OF99-164/OF99-164.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51202,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":185072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, Robert J. 0000-0002-4390-2288 rjmcl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":1428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Robert","email":"rjmcl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warden, Augusta awarden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"Augusta","email":"awarden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":185069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":4809,"text":"fs01701 - 2001 - The San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:44","indexId":"fs01701","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"017-01","title":"The San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona","docAbstract":"Northern Arizona's San Francisco Volcanic Field, much of which lies within Coconino and Kaibab National Forests, is an area of young volcanoes along the southern margin of the Colorado Plateau. During its 6-million-year history, this field has produced more than 600 volcanoes. Their activity has created a topographically varied landscape with forests that extend from the Pi?on-Juniper up to the Bristlecone Pine life zones. The most prominent landmark is San Francisco Mountain, a stratovolcano that rises to 12,633 feet and serves as a scenic backdrop to the city of Flagstaff.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs01701","usgsCitation":"Priest, S.S., Duffield, W.A., Malis-Clark, K., Hendley, J., and Stauffer, P., 2001, The San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 017-01, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01701.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_017_01.jpg"},{"id":502,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/fs017-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67abe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Priest, S. S.","contributorId":78318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malis-Clark, Karen","contributorId":61803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malis-Clark","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hendley, J. W. II","contributorId":59787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"J. W.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stauffer, P.H.","contributorId":53783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":4811,"text":"fs02801 - 2001 - Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1002 area, petroleum assessment, 1998, including economic analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T15:08:47","indexId":"fs02801","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"028-01","title":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1002 area, petroleum assessment, 1998, including economic analysis","docAbstract":"<p class=\"textindent\">The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (1980) established the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). In section 1002 of that act, Congress deferred a decision regarding future management of the 1.5-million-acre coastal plain (\"1002 area\") in recognition of the area’s potentially enormous oil and gas resources and its importance as wildlife habitat. A report on the resources (including petroleum) of the 1002 area was submitted in 1987 to Congress by the Department of the Interior (DOI). Since completion of that report, numerous wells have been drilled and oil fields discovered near ANWR, new geologic and geophysical data have become available, seismic processing and interpretation capabilities have improved, and the economics of North Slope oil development have changed significantly.</p><p class=\"textindent\">The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) commonly is asked to provide the Federal Government with timely scientific information in support of decisions regarding land management, environmental quality, and economic and strategic policy. To do so, the USGS must anticipate issues most likely to be the focus of policymakers in the future. Anticipating the need for scientific information and considering the decade-old perspective of the petroleum resource estimates included in the 1987 Report to Congress, the USGS has reexamined the geology of the ANWR 1002 area and has prepared a new petroleum resource assessment.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/fs02801","usgsCitation":"Bird, K.J., and Houseknecht, D., 2001, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1002 area, petroleum assessment, 1998, including economic analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 028-01, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02801.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_028_01.jpg"},{"id":504,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0028-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674d07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, D.W. 0000-0002-9633-6910","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":33695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4810,"text":"fs02401 - 2001 - The National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPRA) data archive","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:44","indexId":"fs02401","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"024-01","title":"The National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPRA) data archive","docAbstract":"The area currently known as the National Petroleum ReserveAlaska was originally designated in 1923 as Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 (NPR4). It was one of four U.S. regions thought to contain significant amounts of oil that were to be reserved for national crises. Geographic and geologic knowledge of the NPR4 was only superficial in 1923. Earlier exploration, however, had shown that the region contained the ingredients necessary for oil accumulations to exist: source rocks, reservoir rocks, and geologic structures that could trap petroleum. Oil seeps on the coast and the size of the area (some 37,000 square miles, about the size of Indiana) reinforced the notion that significant quantities of petroleum were present.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs02401","usgsCitation":"Bird, K.J., 2001, The National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPRA) data archive: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 024-01, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02401.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_024_01.bmp"},{"id":503,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/factsheet/fs024-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67afdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31173,"text":"ofr00376 - 2001 - Geologic map and database of the Roseburg 30' x 60' quadrangle, Douglas and Coos Counties, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T13:50:44.822765","indexId":"ofr00376","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-376","title":"Geologic map and database of the Roseburg 30' x 60' quadrangle, Douglas and Coos Counties, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Roseburg 30' x 60' Quadrangle covers the southeastern margin of the Oregon Coast Range and its tectonic boundary with Mesozoic terranes of the Klamath Mountains (see figures 1 and 2 in pamphlet, also shown on map sheet). The geologic framework of the Roseburg area was established by the pioneering work of Diller (1898), Wells and Peck, (1961) and Ewart Baldwin (1974) and his students (see figure 3 in pamphlet, also shown on map sheet). Baldwin and his students focussed on the history of the Eocene Tyee basin, where the sediments lap across the tectonic boundary with the Mesozoic terranes and record the accretion of the Coast Range basement to the continent. Others have examined the sedimentary fill of the Tyee basin in detail, recognizing the deep marine turbidite facies of the Tyee Formation (Snavely and others, 1964) and proposing several models for the Eocene evolution of the forearc basin (Heller and Ryberg, 1983; Chan and Dott, 1983; Heller and Dickinson, 1985; Molenaar, 1985; see Ryu and others, 1992 for a comprehensive summary). Along the eastern margin of the quadrangle, both the Tyee basin and the Klamath terranes are overlain by Eocene volcanic rocks of the Western Cascade arc (Walker and MacLeod, 1991).\n\nThe thick Eocene sedimentary sequence of the Tyee basin has significant oil and gas potential (Armentrout and Suek, 1985; Gautier and others, 1993; Ryu and others, 1996). Although 13 deep test wells have been drilled in the Roseburg quadrangle (see figure 2 and table 1 in pamphlet, also shown on map sheet), exploration to date has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of the basin�s tectonic setting and evolution. In response, the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) initiated a five year assessment of the oil and gas potential of the Tyee basin.\n\nThis map is a product of a cooperative effort by the U. S. Geological Survey, Oregon State University, and DOGAMI to systematically map the sedimentary facies and structure of the Tyee basin. New geologic mapping of twenty-eight 7.5' quadrangles is summarized on the map (see figure 3, also shown on map sheet), and the digital database contains geologic information suitable for both 1:100K and 1:24K scale analysis. DOGAMI has published a compilation and synthesis of previous mapping (Niem and Niem, 1990), a basin-wide sequence stratigraphic model and correlations (Ryu and others, 1992), and a report on the oil and gas potential (Ryu and others, 1996). Readers interested in the oil and gas potential of the Roseburg quadrangle should use the map in combination with Ryu and others (1996) to address specific stratigraphic units and structural plays.\n\nStratigraphic terminology for the Tyee basin adopts the type sections, formation names, and framework of Ryu and others (1992, 1996), which were developed concurrently with the mapping and are recognized throughout the basin. For detailed discussion of nomenclature, type sections, lithology, thickness and distribution, age, contact relationships, and depositional environment of stratigraphic units, the reader is referred to Ryu and others (1992). In this report we focus on the spatial, temporal, and structural relationships between units revealed by geologic mapping. Map unit ages (see figure 4 in pamphlet, also shown on map sheeet) are adjusted slightly from Ryu and others (1992, 1996) to fit new coccolith age determinations (D. Bukry, cited in pamphlet), paleomagnetic polarity data (Simpson, 1977 and new data cited in pamphlet), and the time scale of Berggren and others (1995).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00376","usgsCitation":"Wells, R., Jayko, A.S., Niem, A.R., Black, G., Wiley, T., Baldwin, E., Molenaar, K.M., Wheeler, K., DuRoss, C., and Givler, R., 2001, Geologic map and database of the Roseburg 30' x 60' quadrangle, Douglas and Coos Counties, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-376, Report: 55 p., 3 ReadMe files, 2 Plates: 49.09 x 31.30 inches and 43.89 33.06 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00376.","productDescription":"Report: 55 p., 3 ReadMe files, 2 Plates: 49.09 x 31.30 inches and 43.89 33.06 inches","numberOfPages":"55","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161054,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00376.png"},{"id":397740,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34069.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281852,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0376/rbofrps.tar.gz","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":281851,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0376/rbofr.tar.gz","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":281845,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0376/pdf/rb_geol.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281846,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0376/pdf/rb_sh2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281847,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0376/pdf/rb_sh1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281848,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0376/rb_readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":281849,"rank":8,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0376/pdf/rb_readme.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":281850,"rank":9,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0376/rb_readme.doc"},{"id":2679,"rank":11,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0376/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","datum":"National Geodetic Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Coos County, Douglas County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,43.0 ], [ -124.0,43.5 ], [ -123.0,43.5 ], [ -123.0,43.0 ], [ -124.0,43.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niem, A. R.","contributorId":54984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niem","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Black, G.","contributorId":6494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiley, T.","contributorId":55871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baldwin, E.","contributorId":30260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Molenaar, K. M.","contributorId":75591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molenaar","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wheeler, K.L.","contributorId":48181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"DuRoss, C. B.","contributorId":86003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"C. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Givler, R. W.","contributorId":78782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Givler","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":22210,"text":"ofr00196 - 2001 - Testing and application of diffusion samplers to identify temporal trends in volatile-organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T20:07:36.806087","indexId":"ofr00196","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-196","title":"Testing and application of diffusion samplers to identify temporal trends in volatile-organic compounds","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00196","usgsCitation":"Harte, P.T., Brayton, M., Ives, W., Perkins, S., Brown, C., and Willey, R.E., 2001, Testing and application of diffusion samplers to identify temporal trends in volatile-organic compounds: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-196, vii, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00196.","productDescription":"vii, 87 p.","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411795,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36777.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51639,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0196/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"Milford","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.667,\n              42.858\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.708,\n              42.858\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.708,\n              42.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.667,\n              42.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.667,\n              42.858\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brayton, M.J.","contributorId":26730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brayton","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ives, Wayne","contributorId":95459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ives","given":"Wayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perkins, Sharon","contributorId":23809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Sharon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Carroll","contributorId":54850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Carroll","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Willey, Richard E.","contributorId":39381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":22105,"text":"ofr00164 - 2001 - Environmental quality and preservation; reefs, corals, and carbonate sands; guides to reef-ecosystem health and environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:52","indexId":"ofr00164","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-164","title":"Environmental quality and preservation; reefs, corals, and carbonate sands; guides to reef-ecosystem health and environment","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\nIn recent years, the health of the\r\nentire coral reef ecosystem that lines\r\nthe outer shelf off the Florida Keys\r\nhas declined markedly. In particular,\r\nloss of those coral species that\r\nare the building blocks of solid reef\r\nframework has significant negative\r\nimplications for economic vitality of\r\nthe region. What are the reasons for\r\nthis decline? Is it due to natural\r\nchange, or are human activities (recreational\r\ndiving, ship groundings,\r\nfarmland runoff, nutrient influx,\r\nair-borne contaminants, groundwater\r\npollutants) a contributing factor\r\nand if so, to what extent? At risk\r\nof loss are biologic resources of the\r\nreefs, including habitats for endangered\r\nspecies in shoreline mangroves,\r\nproductive marine and wetland\r\nnurseries, and economic fisheries.\r\nA healthy reef ecosystem builds\r\na protective offshore barrier to catastrophic\r\nwave action and storm\r\nsurges generated by tropical storms\r\nand hurricanes. In turn, a healthy\r\nreef protects the homes, marinas,\r\nand infrastructure on the Florida\r\nKeys that have been designed to\r\ncapture a lucrative tourism industry.\r\nA healthy reef ecosystem also protects\r\ninland agricultural and livestock\r\nareas of South Florida whose\r\nproduce and meat feed much of the\r\nUnited States and other parts of the\r\nworld.\r\nIn cooperation with the National\r\nOceanic and Atmospheric Administration's\r\n(NOAA) National Marine\r\nSanctuary Program, the U.S. Geological\r\nSurvey (USGS) continues longterm\r\ninvestigations of factors that may\r\naffect Florida's reefs. One of the first\r\nsteps in distinguishing between natural\r\nchange and the effects of human\r\nactivities, however, is to determine\r\nhow coral reefs have responded to\r\npast environmental change, before the\r\nadvent of man. By so doing, accurate\r\nscientific information becomes available\r\nfor Marine Sanctuary management\r\nto understand natural change and\r\nthus to assess and regulate potential\r\nhuman impact better. The USGS studies\r\ndescribed here evaluate the distribution\r\n(location) and historic vitality\r\n(thickness) of Holocene reefs in South\r\nFlorida, relative to type of underlying\r\nbedrock morphology, and their varied\r\nnatural response to rising sea level.\r\nThese studies also assess movement\r\nand accumulation of sands, relative\r\nto direction of prevailing energy, and\r\norigin of the component sand grains.\r\nGeophysical data collected with highresolution\r\nsound-wave instruments\r\nthat provide pictures of the sediment\r\nand bedrock are used to interpret\r\nsediment thickness. Reef thickness is\r\ndetermined by collecting limestone\r\nrock cores by drilling. Drill cores\r\nthrough reefs are used to identify the\r\ncoral species that built them and to\r\ndetermine how reefs reacted to rising\r\nsea level. These data are supplemented\r\nby using isotope-dating techniques to\r\nderive the carbon-14 (C14) age of the\r\ncorals and mangrove peat in the cores.\r\nMangrove peat forms in very shallow\r\nwater and at the shoreline but is found\r\ntoday buried beneath offshore reefs.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00164","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., 2001, Environmental quality and preservation; reefs, corals, and carbonate sands; guides to reef-ecosystem health and environment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-164, 3 sheets (2 folded) (6 p., [1] leaf of plates) :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00164.","productDescription":"3 sheets (2 folded) (6 p., [1] leaf of plates) :ill. (some col.), col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9147,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-164/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602249","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, Barbara H. blidz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"Barbara","email":"blidz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":187091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21951,"text":"ofr9945 - 2001 - Microfossils from Chesapeake Bay sediments; illustrations and species database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr9945","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-45","title":"Microfossils from Chesapeake Bay sediments; illustrations and species database","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9945","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Wagner, R.S., and Slattery, M., 2001, Microfossils from Chesapeake Bay sediments; illustrations and species database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-45, 160 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9945.","productDescription":"160 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1294,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/of99-45/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0045/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51426,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e367","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Robert S.","contributorId":72020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slattery, Moira","contributorId":12881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slattery","given":"Moira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4808,"text":"fs01201 - 2001 - Some Facts About Asbestos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:44","indexId":"fs01201","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"012-01","title":"Some Facts About Asbestos","docAbstract":"For information on historic asbestos mines, historic prospects and natural asbestos occurrences in the U.S., see: \r\nEastern U.S. ---> Open-File Report 2005-1189 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1189/); \r\nCentral U.S. ---> Open-File Report 2006-1211 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1211/); \r\nRocky Mountain States ---> Open-File Report 2007-1182 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1182/); \r\nSouthwest U.S. ---> Open-File Report 2008-1095 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1095/).\r\nFor commodity statistics and information see: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs01201","usgsCitation":"Virta, R., 2001, Some Facts About Asbestos ( *This report has been withdrawn.*): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 012-01, 4 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01201.","productDescription":"4 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":" *This report has been withdrawn.*","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Virta, R.L.","contributorId":39357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Virta","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}