Diffusion, sorption and biodegradation are key processes impacting the efficiency of natural attenuation. While each process has been studied individually, limited information exists on the kinetic coupling of these processes. In this paper, a model is presented that couples nonlinear and nonequilibrium sorption (intraparticle diffusion) with biodegradation kinetics. Initially, these processes are studied independently (i.e., intraparticle diffusion, nonlinear sorption and biodegradation), with appropriate parameters determined from these independent studies. Then, the coupled processes are studied, with an initial data set used to determine biodegradation constants that were subsequently used to successfully predict the behavior of a second data set. The validated model is then used to conduct a sensitivity analysis, which reveals conditions where biodegradation becomes desorption rate-limited. If the chemical is not pre-equilibrated with the soil prior to the onset of biodegradation, then fast sorption will reduce aqueous concentrations and thus biodegradation rates. Another sensitivity analysis demonstrates the importance of including nonlinear sorption in a coupled diffusion/sorption and biodegradation model. While predictions based on linear sorption isotherms agree well with solution concentrations, for the conditions evaluated this approach overestimates the percentage of contaminant biodegraded by as much as 50%. This research demonstrates that nonlinear sorption should be coupled with diffusion/sorption and biodegradation models in order to accurately predict bioremediation and natural attenuation processes. To our knowledge this study is unique in studying nonlinear sorption coupled with intraparticle diffusion and biodegradation kinetics with natural media.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00179-0","usgsCitation":"Karapanagioti, H.K., Gossard, C.M., Strevett, K.A., Kolar, R.L., and Sabatini, D.A., 2001, Model coupling intraparticle diffusion/sorption, nonlinear sorption, and biodegradation processes: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 48, no. 1-2, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00179-0.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da2539e4b0543bf7fda84b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karapanagioti, Hrissi K.","contributorId":189380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karapanagioti","given":"Hrissi","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gossard, Chris M.","contributorId":189867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gossard","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strevett, Keith A.","contributorId":189868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strevett","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolar, Randall L.","contributorId":189869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolar","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sabatini, David A.","contributorId":189382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabatini","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":34956,"text":"b2064V - 2001 - Alteration and mineralization in the eastern part of the Soldier Mountains, Camas County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:40","indexId":"b2064V","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2064","chapter":"V","title":"Alteration and mineralization in the eastern part of the Soldier Mountains, Camas County, Idaho","docAbstract":"The eastern part of the Soldier Mountains in Camas\r\nCounty, south-central Idaho, is underlain principally by plutonic\r\nrocks of Cretaceous and Eocene age that locally have undergone\r\npropylitic, potassic, and muscovite-quartz alteration. Muscovite-\r\nquartz alteration is Cretaceous in age and is localized along\r\njoints and fractures, some of which are filled with quartz. Associated\r\nveins have yielded minor amounts of gold. Potassic alteration\r\nis probably both Cretaceous and Eocene in age but is\r\nweakly developed and limited in extent. Propylitic alteration is\r\nEocene in age and is pronounced around biotite granite plutons.\r\nDespite a clear association between plutons of biotite granite and\r\nwidespread propylitic alteration, mineralization associated with\r\nthese rocks was minimal. Mineralized areas within more mafic\r\nEocene plutons are characterized by veins and (or) stockworks(?)\r\nenriched in copper, molybdenum, and silver, but these\r\nareas are restricted in size and have not been productive.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b2064V","usgsCitation":"Lewis, R., 2001, Alteration and mineralization in the eastern part of the Soldier Mountains, Camas County, Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2064, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2064V.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2064-v/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6875bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Reed S.","contributorId":34953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Reed S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":66182,"text":"i2686 - 2001 - Geologic Map of the MTM-85000 Quadrangle, Planum Australe Region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T15:31:19","indexId":"i2686","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2686","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geologic Map of the MTM-85000 Quadrangle, Planum Australe Region of Mars","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe polar deposits on Mars probably record martian climate history over the last 107 to 109 years (for example, Thomas and others, 1992). The area shown on this map includes layered polar deposits and residual polar ice, as well as some exposures of older terrain. Howard and others (1982) noted that an area (at lat 84.8 S., long 356 W.) near a 23-km diameter impact crater (Plaut and others, 1988) appears to have undergone recent deposition, as evidenced by the partial burial of secondary craters. Herkenhoff and Murray (1990a) mapped this area as a mixture of frost and defrosted ground and suggested that the presence of frost throughout the year stabilizes dust deposited in this area. This quadrangle was mapped using high-resolution Mariner 9 (table 1) and Viking Orbiter images in order to study the relations among erosional, cratering, and depositional processes on the polar layered deposits and to search for further evidence of recent deposition. \r\n\r\nPublished geologic maps of the south polar region of Mars are based on images acquired by Mariner 9 (Condit and Soderblom, 1978; Scott and Carr, 1978) and the Viking Orbiters (Tanaka and Scott, 1987). The extent of the layered deposits mapped previously from Mariner 9 data is different from that mapped using Viking Orbiter images, and the present map agrees with the map by Tanaka and Scott (1987): the layered deposits extend to the northern boundary of the map area. However, the oldest unit in this area is mapped as undivided material (unit HNu) rather than the hilly unit in the plateau sequence (unit Nplh; Tanaka and Scott, 1987). \r\n\r\nThe residual polar ice cap, areas of partial frost cover, the layered deposits, and two nonvolatile surface units-the dust mantle and the dark material-were mapped by Herkenhoff and Murray (1990a) at 1:2,000,000 scale using a color mosaic of Viking Orbiter images. This mosaic was used to confirm the identification of the non-volatile Amazonian units for this map and to test hypotheses for their origin and evolution. The colors and albedos of these units, as measured in places both within and outside of this map area, are presented in table 2 and figure 1. The red/violet ratio image was particularly useful in distinguishing the various low-albedo materials, as brightness variations due to topography are essentially removed in such ratio images and color variations are easily seen. Because the resolution of the color mosaics is not sufficient to map these units in detail at 1:500,000 scale, contacts between them were recognized and mapped using higher resolution black and white Viking and Mariner 9 images. \r\n\r\nThe largest impact crater in the layered deposits, 23 km in diameter at lat 84.5 S., long 359 W., now named 'McMurdo,' was recognized by Plaut and others (1988). The northern rim of this crater is missing, perhaps due to erosion of the layered deposits in which it was formed (fig. 2). Secondary craters from this impact are not observed north of the crater but are abundant to the south. Although the crater statistics are poor (only 16 likely impact craters found in Viking Orbiter images of the south polar layered deposits), these observations generally support the conclusions that the south polar layered deposits are Late Amazonian in age and that some areas have been exposed for about 120 million years (Plaut and others, 1988; Herkenhoff and Murray, 1992, 1994; Herkenhoff, 1998). However, the recent cratering flux on Mars is poorly constrained, so inferred ages of surface units are uncertain. \r\n\r\nThe Viking Orbiter 2 images used to construct the base were taken during the southern summer of 1977, with resolutions no better than 130 m/pixel. A digital mosaic of Mariner 9 images also was constructed to aid in mapping. The Mariner 9 images were taken during the southern summer of 1971 and 1972 and have resolutions as high as 85 m/pixel (table 1). However, the usefulness of the Mariner 9 mosaic image is limited by incomplete coverag","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2686","isbn":"0607945060","usgsCitation":"Herkenhoff, K.E., 2001, Geologic Map of the MTM-85000 Quadrangle, Planum Australe Region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2686, 1 map :col. ;66 x 63 cm., on sheet 94 x 98 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2686.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;66 x 63 cm., on sheet 94 x 98 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438886,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NCDIB2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geologic Map of the MTM-85000 Quadrangle, Planum Australe Region of Mars"},{"id":188389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9385,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2686/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","otherGeospatial":"Mars; Planum Australe Region","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a84ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":274119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64604,"text":"i2736 - 2001 - Sidescan sonar images, surficial geologic interpretations, and bathymetry of the Long Island Sound sea floor in New Haven Harbor and New Haven dumping ground, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T19:17:14.093323","indexId":"i2736","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2736","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Sidescan sonar images, surficial geologic interpretations, and bathymetry of the Long Island Sound sea floor in New Haven Harbor and New Haven dumping ground, Connecticut","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2736","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Lewis, R.S., Knebel, H., Haase, E.A., Parolski, K.F., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M., 2001, Sidescan sonar images, surficial geologic interpretations, and bathymetry of the Long Island Sound sea floor in New Haven Harbor and New Haven dumping ground, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2736, Report: 8 p.; 2 Plates: 58.00 x 41.00 inches and 45.00 x 36.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2736.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; 2 Plates: 58.00 x 41.00 inches and 45.00 x 36.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110175,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37330.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"37330"},{"id":187357,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2736/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91403,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2736/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91404,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2736/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91405,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2736/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"15000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound sea floor, New Haven Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.9667,\n 41.267\n ],\n [\n -72.9667,\n 41.129\n ],\n [\n -72.25,\n 41.129\n ],\n [\n -72.25,\n 41.267\n ],\n [\n -72.9667,\n 41.267\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e477ee4b07f02db48109c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":271704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, R. S.","contributorId":19951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haase, E. A.","contributorId":99640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parolski, K. F.","contributorId":99173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parolski","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DiGiacomo-Cohen, M. L.","contributorId":55465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo-Cohen","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":4881,"text":"ds68 - 2001 - Coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise: a preliminary database for the U.S. Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico coasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T13:25:18","indexId":"ds68","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"68","title":"Coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise: a preliminary database for the U.S. Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico coasts","docAbstract":"The prediction of coastal evolution is not straightforward. There is no standard methodology, and even the kind of data required to make such predictions are the subject of much scientific debate. Since a viable, quantitative predictive model for coastal evolution is not available. The relative susceptibility of the Nation's coastline to sea-level rise is quantified here at a regional to national scale using basic information on coastal geomorphology, rate of sea-level rise, past shoreline evolution and other factors. This approach combines the coastal system's susceptibility to change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental and conditions, and yields a relative measure of the system's natural vulnerability to the effects of sea-level rise. This information has immediate application to many of the decisions our society will be making regarding coastal development in both the short- and long-term.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ds68","issn":"1088-1018","isbn":"0607965193","usgsCitation":"Hammar-Klose, E.S., and Thieler, E.R., 2001, Coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise: a preliminary database for the U.S. Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico coasts: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 68, 1 computer optical disc ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds68.","productDescription":"1 computer optical disc ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":619,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds68/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.50111111111111,25 ], [ -124.50111111111111,49 ], [ -67,49 ], [ -67,25 ], [ -124.50111111111111,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammar-Klose, Erika S.","contributorId":77137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammar-Klose","given":"Erika","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162301,"text":"70162301 - 2001 - Reproductive ecology of the ploughshare tortoise (Geochelone yniphora)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T19:10:24.025039","indexId":"70162301","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Reproductive ecology of the ploughshare tortoise (Geochelone yniphora)","title":"Reproductive ecology of the ploughshare tortoise (Geochelone yniphora)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1566041","usgsCitation":"Pedrono, M., Smith, L.L., Sarovy, A., Bourou, R., and Tiandray, H., 2001, Reproductive ecology of the ploughshare tortoise (Geochelone yniphora): Journal of Herpetology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 151-156, https://doi.org/10.2307/1566041.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"156","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Madagascar","otherGeospatial":"Baly Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 44.937317530284304,\n -16.154777996914106\n ],\n [\n 44.93414006766531,\n -16.178462843746132\n ],\n [\n 44.98223002284874,\n -16.190160531768484\n ],\n [\n 44.99443064916045,\n -16.205609987469742\n ],\n [\n 45.07449261078372,\n -16.22468862887736\n ],\n [\n 45.12527461579029,\n -16.222159612051854\n ],\n [\n 45.41654168957672,\n -16.153450710120794\n ],\n [\n 45.54935071022021,\n -16.044604788336486\n ],\n [\n 45.56694511406084,\n -15.950239478277481\n ],\n [\n 45.27023520167282,\n -15.928801705221701\n ],\n [\n 45.228425305483285,\n -15.939557527811829\n ],\n [\n 45.206060372084124,\n -15.941088025724994\n ],\n [\n 45.171389577507625,\n -15.97288413040829\n ],\n [\n 45.12738996527585,\n -15.998151403847842\n ],\n [\n 45.0089401535605,\n -16.118508925494638\n ],\n [\n 44.937317530284304,\n -16.154777996914106\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4ee4b0961cf2811c20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pedrono, Miguel","contributorId":152391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedrono","given":"Miguel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Lora L.","contributorId":53684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lora","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sarovy, Augustin","contributorId":152392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sarovy","given":"Augustin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bourou, Robert","contributorId":152393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bourou","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tiandray, Hafany","contributorId":152394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tiandray","given":"Hafany","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":66168,"text":"i2741 - 2001 - Subsurface correlations and sequence stratigraphic interpretations of lower Silurian strata in the Appalachian Basin of northeast Ohio, southwest New York, and northwest Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T14:41:26","indexId":"i2741","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2741","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Subsurface correlations and sequence stratigraphic interpretations of lower Silurian strata in the Appalachian Basin of northeast Ohio, southwest New York, and northwest Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Significant quantities of recoverable natural gas resources are estimated to be in the regionally extensive Lower Silurian Medina Group and “Clinton” sandstone of the Appalachian Basin (Gautier and others, 1995; Ryder and others, 1996; Ryder, 1998). In order to assess these accumulations of natural gas more accurately, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has investigated the Silurian stratigraphy along six lines of cross section located in New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia (fig. 1). Cross section A–A' extends about 375 mi from northeast to southwest and is oriented approximately parallel to the nearby paleoshoreline of the Silurian epeiric sea. The remaining cross sections extend about 100–200 mi from northwest to southeast and are oriented nearly perpendicular to the paleoshoreline. Stratigraphic investigations along A–A' were reported by Ryder (2000), correlations along D–D' were reported by Keighin (1998), and investigations along E–E' and F–F' were in progress at the time of this publication. This report provides correlations for Silurian strata along cross sections B–B' and C–C', which are located in the northern part of the Appalachian Basin (figs. 1 and 2). Cross section B–B' extends about 140 mi from Chautauqua County, N.Y., to Clinton County, Pa., and C–C' extends about 200 mi from Lake County, Ohio, to Clinton County, Pa. Correlations are made along B–B' and C–C' for the Lower Silurian Medina and Clinton Groups, Lower Silurian Tuscarora and Rose Hill Formations, and Lower and Upper Silurian Lockport Group and Mifflintown Formation (lower part). Emphasis is placed on the Medina Group because it is the principal natural gas reservoir in the Silurian deposit.
","language":"English ","doi":"10.3133/i2741","usgsCitation":"Hettinger, R.D., 2001, Subsurface correlations and sequence stratigraphic interpretations of lower Silurian strata in the Appalachian Basin of northeast Ohio, southwest New York, and northwest Pennsylvania (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2741, 1 MAP, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2741.","productDescription":"1 MAP","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110147,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34797.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34797"},{"id":6120,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2741/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":188683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2741/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91515,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2741/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91516,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2741/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2000000","country":"United States","state":"Ohio, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,38 ], [ -82,43 ], [ -77,43 ], [ -77,38 ], [ -82,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hettinger, Robert D.","contributorId":102486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hettinger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33091,"text":"b2064U - 2001 - Plutonic and hypabyssal rocks of the Hailey 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-01T20:35:01.402485","indexId":"b2064U","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2064","chapter":"U","title":"Plutonic and hypabyssal rocks of the Hailey 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Idaho","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2064U","usgsCitation":"Kiilsgaard, T.H., Lewis, R., and Bennett, E.H., 2001, Plutonic and hypabyssal rocks of the Hailey 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2064, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2064U.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420422,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34755.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3291,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2064-u/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":163448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Halley quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684d23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kiilsgaard, Thor H.","contributorId":68738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiilsgaard","given":"Thor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, Reed S.","contributorId":34953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Reed S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Earl H.","contributorId":97093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":34980,"text":"b2064Y - 2001 - Geology and mineral deposits of the Minnie Moore and Bullion mineralized areas, Blaine County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:49","indexId":"b2064Y","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2064","chapter":"Y","title":"Geology and mineral deposits of the Minnie Moore and Bullion mineralized areas, Blaine County, Idaho","docAbstract":"In the early 1880?s the discovery of rich ores in the Minnie\r\nMoore and Bullion mineralized areas sparked a rush to settle and\r\ndevelop the Wood River valley. Silver and lead discoveries in\r\nthese areas spurred the boom in mining after completion of the\r\nOregon Short Line Railroad to Hailey in 1883.\r\nIn both areas the ore comprises galena, sphalerite, and tetrahedrite\r\nin a gangue of siderite, calcite, or quartz. Minor goldbearing\r\nquartz veins are also present. The ore is in fissure and\r\nreplacement veins along fracture systems that formed in Late\r\nCretaceous time, after intrusion of nearby granodiorite or quartz\r\ndiorite stocks. The ore formed under mesothermal conditions\r\nand heat was supplied by the nearby plutons. In the Minnie\r\nMoore area, the mineralized veins are cut by low-angle normal\r\nfaults that are of probable Eocene age.\r\nIn the Minnie Moore mineralized area, the host rock is the\r\nmiddle part of the Devonian Milligen Formation, (the informal\r\nLucky Coin limestone and Triumph argillite), which is the same\r\nstratigraphic level as the host ore in the rich Triumph mine\r\nnortheast of Hailey.\r\nIn the Bullion mineralized area, the ore is hosted by the\r\nlower member of the Middle Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian\r\nDollarhide Formation. Rich ore was mined in several tunnels\r\nthat reached the Mayflower vein, a northwest-striking mineralized\r\nshear zone.\r\nThe deposits are thought to be mainly mesothermal veins\r\nthat formed in association with Cretaceous magmatism. The\r\nsyngenetic stratiform model of ore formation has often been\r\napplied to these deposits, however, no evidence of syngenetic\r\nmineralization was found in this study. Faulting has displaced\r\nmost of the major orebodies and thus has made mining these\r\ndeposits a challenge.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b2064Y","usgsCitation":"Link, P.K., and Worl, R., 2001, Geology and mineral deposits of the Minnie Moore and Bullion mineralized areas, Blaine County, Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2064, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2064Y.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3407,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2064-y/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, Paul Karl","contributorId":63079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worl, Ronald G.","contributorId":87143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worl","given":"Ronald G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":60297,"text":"mf2354 - 2001 - Geologic map of the Chewelah 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Washington and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:21","indexId":"mf2354","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2354","title":"Geologic map of the Chewelah 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Washington and Idaho","docAbstract":"This data set maps and describes the geology of the Chewelah 30' X 60' quadrangle, Washington and Idaho. Created using Environmental Systems Research Institute's ARC/INFO software, the data base consists of the following items: (1) a map coverage containing geologic contacts and units, (2) a point coverage containing site-specific geologic structural data, (3) two coverages derived from 1:100,000 Digital Line Graphs (DLG); one of which represents topographic data, and the other, cultural data, (4) two line coverages that contain cross-section lines and unit-label leaders, respectively, and (5) attribute tables for geologic units (polygons), contacts (arcs), and site-specific data (points). In addition, the data set includes the following graphic and text products: (1) A PostScript graphic plot-file containing the geologic map, topography, cultural data, and two cross sections, and on a separate sheet, a Correlation of Map Units (CMU) diagram, an abbreviated Description of Map Units (DMU), modal diagrams for granitic rocks, an index map, a regional geologic and structure map, and a key for point and line symbols; (2) PDF files of the Readme text-file and expanded Description of Map Units (DMU), and (3) this metadata file.\r\n The geologic map database contains original U.S. Geological Survey data generated by detailed field observation and by interpretation of aerial photographs. The map was compiled from geologic maps of eight 1:48,000 15' quadrangle blocks, each of which was made by mosaicing and reducing the four constituent 7.5' quadrangles. These 15' quadrangle blocks were mapped chiefly at 1:24,000 scale, but the detail of the mapping was governed by the intention that it was to be compiled at 1:48,000 scale. The compilation at 1:100,000 scale entailed necessary simplification in some areas and combining of some geologic units. Overall, however, despite a greater than two times reduction in scale, most geologic detail found on the 1:48,000 maps is retained on the 1:100,000 map. Geologic contacts across boundaries of the eight constituent quadrangles required minor adjustments, but none significant at the final 1:100,000 scale.\r\n The geologic map was compiled on a base-stable cronoflex copy of the Chewelah 30' X 60' topographic base and then scribed. The scribe guide was used to make a 0.007 mil-thick blackline clear-film, which was scanned at 1200 DPI by Optronics Specialty Company, Northridge, California. This image was converted to vector and polygon GIS layers and minimally attributed by Optronics Specialty Company. Minor hand-digitized additions were made at the USGS. Lines, points, and polygons were subsequently edited at the USGS by using standard ARC/INFO commands. Digitizing and editing artifacts significant enough to display at a scale of 1:100,000 were corrected. Within the database, geologic contacts are represented as lines (arcs), geologic units as polygons, and site-specific data as points. Polygon, arc, and point attribute tables (.pat, .aat, and .pat, respectively) uniquely identify each geologic datum.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2354","usgsCitation":"Miller, F.K., 2001, Geologic map of the Chewelah 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Washington and Idaho (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2354, 36 p. and 2 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2354.","productDescription":"36 p. and 2 sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110149,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34810.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34810"},{"id":183699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6023,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2001/2354/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,48 ], [ -118,48.5 ], [ -117,48.5 ], [ -117,48 ], [ -118,48 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6997ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, F. K.","contributorId":10803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59158,"text":"mf2349 - 2001 - Geologic map and map database of the Spreckels 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Monterey County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-14T13:18:58","indexId":"mf2349","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2349","title":"Geologic map and map database of the Spreckels 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Monterey County, California","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe Spreckels quadrangle lies at the north end of the Sierra de Salinas and extends from the Salinas Valley on the northeast across Los Laurelles Ridge south to Carmel Valley, an intermontane valley that separates the Santa Lucia Range from the Sierra de Salinas (fig. 1). The Toro Regional Park occupies the east-central part of the quadrangle, whereas the former Fort Ord Military Reservation covers the northwestern part of the area and is the probable locus of future development. Subdivisions largely occupy the older floodplain of Toro Creek and the adjacent foothills, with less dense development along the narrower canyons of Corral de Tierra and San Benancio Gulch to the south. The foothills southwest of the Salinas River are the site of active residential development. \r\n\r\nGeologically, the study area has a crystalline basement of Upper Cretaceous granitic rocks of the Salinian block and older metasedimentary rocks of the schist of the Sierra de Salinas of probable Cretaceous age. Resting nonconformably upon these basement rocks is a sedimentary section that ranges in age from middle Miocene to Holocene and has a composite thickness of as much as 1,200 m. One of the purposes of the present study was to investigate the apparent lateral variation of the middle to upper Miocene sections from the typical porcelaneous and diatomaceous Monterey Formation of the Monterey and Seaside quadrangles to the west (Clark and others, 1997) to a thick marine sandstone section in the eastern part of the Spreckels quadrangle. \r\n\r\nLiquefaction, which seriously affected the Spreckels area in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (Lawson, 1908), and landsliding are the two major geological hazards of the area. The landslides consist mainly of older large slides in the southern and younger debris flows in the northern part of the quadrangle.\r\n\r\nThis digital map database, compiled from previously published and unpublished data, and new mapping by the authors, represents the general distribution of bedrock and surficial deposits in the mapped area. Together with the accompanying text file (skmf.txt, skmf.pdf, or skmf.ps), it provides current information on the geologic structure and stratigraphy of the area covered. The database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. The scale of the source maps limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to 1:24,000 or smaller.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2349","usgsCitation":"Clark, J., Brabb, E.E., Rosenberg, L.I., Goss, H.V., and Watkins, S.E., 2001, Geologic map and map database of the Spreckels 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Monterey County, California (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2349, Map (31 x 32 inches); Pamphlet (22 p.); Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2349.","productDescription":"Map (31 x 32 inches); Pamphlet (22 p.); Metadata","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":180194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9536,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2001/2349/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110148,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34798.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34798"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,36.5 ], [ -121.75,36.6175 ], [ -121.61749999999999,36.6175 ], [ -121.61749999999999,36.5 ], [ -121.75,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8669","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joseph C.","contributorId":101663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabb, Earl E.","contributorId":48939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberg, Lewis I.","contributorId":12073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goss, Heather V.","contributorId":32776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goss","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watkins, Sarah E.","contributorId":23234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":4856,"text":"ds65 - 2001 - Montana geoenvironmental explorer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T15:06:28","indexId":"ds65","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"65","title":"Montana geoenvironmental explorer","docAbstract":"This report is the result of a multidisciplinary effort to assess relative potential for acidic, metal-rich drainage in the State of Montana; evaluate alternative GIS-based modeling strategies; and provide the statewide digital spatial data produced and compiled for the project. The CD is usable on various computer systems (Windows 95, 98, NT, and 2000; MacOS 7.1 or later; many versions of UNIX and Linux; and OS/2). This report and maps are in PDF format, and the data have been provided in various GIS formats. Software for viewing the report and data is included.
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is mandated by the Robert Stafford Act to warn citizens of impending landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. 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","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Sixth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Sixth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"February 22-23, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Mayagüez, Puerto Rico","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., Wieczorek, G.F., Eaton, L., and Torres-Sierra, H., 2001, Natural hazards on alluvial fans: the debris flow and flash flood disaster of December 1999, Vargas state, Venezuela, in Proceedings of the Sixth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, February 22-23, 2001, unpaginated CD.","productDescription":"unpaginated CD","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":322093,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.uvi.edu/files/documents/Research_and_Public_Service/WRRI/Sixth_Water_Congress.pdf","text":"Table of Contents"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e38e4b07e28b664dbe4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sylva, Walter F.","contributorId":169858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sylva","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631685,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eaton, L.S.","contributorId":88403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Torres-Sierra, Heriberto","contributorId":97913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres-Sierra","given":"Heriberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180710,"text":"70180710 - 2001 - An estimate of recoverable coal gas resources in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T14:51:15","indexId":"70180710","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An estimate of recoverable coal gas resources in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","conferenceTitle":"Wyoming Geological Association fifty-second field conference","language":"English","issn":"0160-2829","usgsCitation":"Crockett, F.J., Ellis, M.S., Stricker, G.D., Gunther, G., Ochs, A.M., and Flores, R.M., 2001, An estimate of recoverable coal gas resources in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, Wyoming Geological Association fifty-second field conference, v. 52, p. 183-189.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"189","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":334503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0abe4b072a7ac129909","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Crockett, Fred J.","contributorId":179014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crockett","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662117,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stilwell, D.P.","contributorId":31832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stilwell","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662118,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Crockett, Fred J.","contributorId":179014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crockett","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Margaret S. mellis@usgs.gov","contributorId":198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Margaret","email":"mellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":662112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, Gary D. gstricker@usgs.gov","contributorId":87163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Gary","email":"gstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gunther, Greg","contributorId":20812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ochs, Allan M.","contributorId":57513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ochs","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flores, Romeo M. rflores@usgs.gov","contributorId":71984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Romeo","email":"rflores@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70171268,"text":"70171268 - 2001 - Hydrogeologic conditions in the upper aquifer of Puerto Rico, Manatí-Vega Baja area, as simulated by U.S. Geological Survey Modflow 96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T12:57:00","indexId":"70171268","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-13T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrogeologic conditions in the upper aquifer of Puerto Rico, Manatí-Vega Baja area, as simulated by U.S. Geological Survey Modflow 96","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Sixth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Sixth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"February 2001","conferenceLocation":"Mayagüez, Puerto Rico","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G., 2001, Hydrogeologic conditions in the upper aquifer of Puerto Rico, Manatí-Vega Baja area, as simulated by U.S. Geological Survey Modflow 96, in Proceedings of the Sixth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, February 2001, 47 p.","productDescription":"47 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321713,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":322095,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.uvi.edu/files/documents/Research_and_Public_Service/WRRI/Sixth_Water_Congress.pdf","text":"Table of Contents","size":"666kb","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e34e4b07e28b664dbc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, G.S.","contributorId":23576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70217733,"text":"70217733 - 2001 - Strontium isotope evolution of pore water and calcite in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-26T11:25:12.4662","indexId":"70217733","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-07T10:46:21","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Strontium isotope evolution of pore water and calcite in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Yucca Mountain, a ridge of Miocene volcanic rocks in southwest Nevada, is being characterized as a site for a potential high-level radioactive waste repository. One issue of concern for the future performance of the potential repository is the movement of water in and around the potential repository horizon. Past water movement in this unsaturated zone is indicated by fluid inclusions trapped in calcite coatings on fracture footwall surfaces and in some lithophysal cavities. Some of the fluid inclusions have homogenization temperatures above the present-day geotherm (J.F. Whelan, written communication), so determining the ages of the calcite associated with those fluid inclusions is important in understanding the thermal history of the potential repository site. Calcite ages have been constrained by uranium-lead dating of silica polymorphs (opal and chalcedony) that are present in most coatings. The opal and chalcedony ages indicate that deposition of the calcite and opal coatings in the welded part of the Topopah Spring Tuff (TSw hydrogeologic unit) spanned nearly the entire history of the 12.8-million-year-old rock mass at fairly uniform overall long-term rates of deposition (within a factor of five). Constraining the age of a layer of calcite associated with specific fluid inclusions is complicated. Calcite is commonly bladed with complex textural relations, and datable opal or chalcedony may be millions of years older or younger than the calcite layer or may be absent from the coating entirely. Therefore, a more direct method of dating the calcite is presented in this paper by developing a model for strontium evolution in pore water in the TSw as recorded by the strontium coprecipitated with calcium in the calcite. Although the water that precipitated the calcite in fractures and cavities may not have been in local isotopic equilibrium with the pore water, the strontium isotope composition of all water in the TSw is primarily controlled by water-rock interaction in the overlying nonwelded and essentially unfractured Paintbrush Group tuffs (PTn). The method of dating secondary minerals from known strontium evolution rates in rocks cannot be used in this study because it assumes the water that deposited the minerals was in isotopic equilibrium with the rock, which is not the case for the pore water in the TSw. Therefore, the evolution of the strontium isotope composition of the water that deposited the calcite, as recorded by the strontium coprecipitated with calcium in the calcite, was used to develop a model for determining the age of the calcite.
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America\"}}]}","volume":"141","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56505244e4b0f162148c5cfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Despain, Don G.","contributorId":31147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Despain","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70234272,"text":"70234272 - 2001 - HAZUS 99 estimated annualized earthquake losses for the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-05T16:59:07.347297","indexId":"70234272","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T11:44:38","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"366","displayTitle":"HAZUS® 99 estimated annualized earthquake losses for the United States","title":"HAZUS 99 estimated annualized earthquake losses for the United States","docAbstract":"Recent earthquakes around the world show a pattern of steadily increasing damages and losses. The increases are due primarily to two factors: 1) significant growth in urban areas that are prone to earthquakes; and 2) the vulnerability of the older building stock, even buildings that were constructed within the past twenty years. In the United States, earthquake risk has grown substantially with development, while the earthquake hazard has remained relatively constant.
To understand the hazard, we study earthquake characteristics and locales in which they occur. To understand risk, we must include characteristics of the built environment in the locales where earthquakes occur, and we must assess potential damages to the built environment and the people who use it. That is a complex undertaking and one this study intends to advance.
It is important to estimate the varying degrees of seismic risk throughout the United States because we need that understanding in order to make informed decisions on mitigation policies, priorities, strategies and funding levels—in both the public and private sectors. We can reduce earthquake losses to older buildings by rehabilitating them, and we can reduce earthquake losses in new buildings by applying seismic codes to their design and construction. However, decisions to spend money on either of those solutions require evidence of risk. In the absence of a nationally accepted criterion and methodology for comparing seismic risk across regions, a consensus on optimal mitigation approaches has been difficult to reach.
We are all aware of regions with high hazard and high risk, such as Los Angeles, but there is growing recognition that some regions with low seismic hazard actually have high seismic risk, as is the case in New York City and Boston. This risk results, in part, from concentrations of buildings and infrastructure built without use of seismic codes or provisions. Additionally, mitigation policies and practices in the public and private sectors may not have been adopted because a community’s earthquake risk was not clearly demonstrated, and neither was the value of mitigation measures in reducing that risk.
The low hazard/high risk problem exists in a number of areas in the U.S., where the infrequency of damaging earthquakes has been interpreted, wrongly, as lack of risk. While earth scientists work to increase knowledge about the hazard throughout the United States, structural engineers and other professionals work to enumerate the many factors that comprise risk.
This study is one result of that endeavor. It is based on loss estimates generated by Hazards U.S. (HAZUS), a Geographic Information System (GIS)- based earthquake loss estimation tool, developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in cooperation with the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS). The HAZUS tool provides an approach to quantifying future earthquake losses that is national in scope, uniform in application, and comprehensive in its coverage of the built environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"2001, HAZUS 99 estimated annualized earthquake losses for the United States, viii, 42 p.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nehrpsearch.nist.gov/static/files/FEMA/PB2008108263.pdf","size":"2261 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Whitman, Robert V.","contributorId":294590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848403,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848404,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brookshire, David","contributorId":103787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brookshire","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848405,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eisner, Richard K.","contributorId":18523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848406,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmes, William","contributorId":222332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmes","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40525,"text":"Rutherford & Chekene","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848407,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olson, Robert C.","contributorId":13242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848408,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Rourke, Michael","contributorId":294591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Rourke","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12656,"text":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848409,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lagorio, Henry J.","contributorId":98170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lagorio","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848410,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reitherman, Robert","contributorId":294592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reitherman","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848411,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Savage, Woody","contributorId":46395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"Woody","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848412,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cluff, Lloyd","contributorId":101336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cluff","given":"Lloyd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848413,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tobin, Thomas","contributorId":294593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tobin","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848414,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":12}]}} ]}