Establishing realistic targets for fish community composition is needed to assess the effectiveness of river restoration projects. We used environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding with MiFish primers to obtain estimates of fish community composition across 17 sites upstream, downstream and within a restoration mitigation project area (Kaihotsu–Kasumi) located in the Shigenobu River system, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. We evaluate the benefits of using eDNA to quickly, sensitively, and extensively gather data to establish existing fish community composition in the restoration area, as well as potential future short-term, medium-term, and long-term targets of species assemblages that could realistically emerge following dispersal into the project area from upstream and downstream populations. We compare results from eDNA metabarcoding with species lists obtained from contemporaneous capture surveys and historical information. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling plots of community composition obtained from eDNA surveys showed that the Kaihotsu–Kasumi restoration area and surrounding river reaches were divided into three clusters: upper reaches, middle and lower reaches, and estuarine reaches. The Kaihotsu–Kasumi restoration area sites were included in the group containing the middle and lower reaches of the inflow and outflow rivers that were near the restoration area. We detected a total of twenty-six species in this group, twenty-one native species and five non-native species. Therefore, these native species were considered suitable as short-term target species with high potential for dispersal into Kaihotsu–Kasumi restoration area. By comparison, only 14 species would have been selected as target species based on capture surveys and historical literature. One factor increasing the resolution of our eDNA surveys was our ability to identify the presence of intraspecific lineages of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Clades A and B), which were missed by the capture surveys. These results indicate that the eDNA metabarcoding method can provide more comprehensive and realistic short-term target species estimates than capture surveys, as well as provide higher resolution monitoring through intraspecific lineage detection.
The Paleoproterozoic Nagssugtoqidian Orogen is one of the principal tectonic features related to the assembly of Nuna, extending across Greenland from east to west and forming an orogenic belt separating the North Atlantic Craton on the south from the Rae Craton on the north. In South-East Greenland, the Ammassalik Intrusive Complex (AIC) (∼1910 to 1870 Ma) occupies the central part of the orogenic belt, was formed by subduction- and magmatic arc-related processes, and has significant potential for undiscovered deposits of critical minerals. Previous interpretations of aeromagnetic data have been hindered by terrain effects, and we use a novel mix of geophysical analysis tools to develop new tectonomagmatic interpretations of the central Nagssugtoqidian Orogen in South-East Greenland. These interpretations extend into areas covered by ocean and ice. Results show that Archean rocks of the juxtaposed North Atlantic (Isertoq Terrane) and Rae (Kuummiut Terrane) Cratons are relatively weakly magnetized (with the exception of rocks of the Schweizerland Terrane) and have a NW-striking structural fabric that likely formed or was enhanced during the Nagssugtoqidian Orogeny. The AIC is structurally complex, with weakly magnetized metasedimentary rocks, and both weakly and strongly magnetized intrusions, arrayed in a NW-striking tectonic fabric. The strongly magnetized intrusions are largely concealed and distributed in a broader and more spatially complex fashion than previously known, suggesting that additional areas may be considered for mineral exploration. Strongly magnetized NW-striking dikes are imaged within the AIC, where they are spatially closely related to the strongly magnetized intrusions, and extend southward into the North Atlantic Craton (Isertoq Terrane). This spatial pattern of arc magmatism is consistent with previously developed models of SW-directed subduction that preceded collision during the Nagssugtoqidian Orogeny. The strongly magnetized Ammassalik Batholith (∼1670 Ma) and related intrusions form a cluster of plutons within ∼ 50 km of the Nagssugtoqidian suture. Their tectonomagmatic setting is unknown, although are speculatively related to delamination of a lithospheric keel formed during the Nagssugtoqidian Orogeny ∼ 200 m.y. prior. Numerous strongly magnetized NNE-striking Paleogene dikes, related to the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, are imaged cutting most other geologic units.
Geodetic velocity data provide first-order constraints on crustal surface strain rates, which in turn are linked to seismic hazard. Estimating the 2-D surface strain tensor everywhere requires knowledge of the surface velocity field everywhere, while geodetic data such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) only have spatially scattered measurements on the surface of the Earth. To use these data to estimate strain rates, some type of interpolation is required. In this study, we review methodologies for strain rate estimation and compare a suite of methods, including a new implementation based on the geostatistical method of kriging, to compare variation between methods with uncertainty based on one method. We estimate the velocity field and calculate strain rates in southern California using a GNSS velocity field and five different interpolation methods to understand the sources of variability in inferred strain rates. Uncertainty related to data noise and station spacing (aleatoric uncertainty) is minimal where station spacing is dense and maximum far from observations. Differences between methods, related to epistemic uncertainty, are usually highest in areas of high strain rate due to differences in how gradients in the velocity field are handled by different interpolation methods. Parameter choices, unsurprisingly, have a strong influence on strain rate field, and we propose the traditional L-curve approach as one method for quantifying the inherent trade-off between fit to the data and models that are reflective of tectonic strain rates. Doing so, we find total variability between five representative strain rate models to be roughly 40 per cent, a much lower value than roughly 100 per cent that was found in previous studies (Hearn et al.). Using multiple methods to tune parameters and calculate strain rates provides a better understanding of the range of acceptable models for a given velocity field. Finally, we present an open-source Python package (Materna et al.) for calculating strain rates, Strain_2D, which allows for the same data and model grid to be used in multiple strain rate methods, can be extended with other methods from the community, and provides an interface for comparing strain rate models, calculating statistics and estimating strain rate uncertainty for a given GNSS data set.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggad191","usgsCitation":"Maurer, J., and Materna, K.Z., 2023, Quantification of geodetic strain rate uncertainties and implications for seismic hazard estimates: Geophysical Journal International, v. 234, no. 3, p. 2128-2142, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggad191.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2128","endPage":"2142","ipdsId":"IP-142818","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggad191","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JJW0DY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Strain_2D: a package to compute and compare strain rate maps from geodetic velocities"},{"id":417484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"234","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Jeremy","contributorId":305786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurer","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37501,"text":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Materna, Kathryn Zerbe 0000-0002-6687-980X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6687-980X","contributorId":261337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Materna","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"Zerbe","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70274496,"text":"70274496 - 2023 - The severity of the 2014–2015 snow drought in the Oregon Cascades in a multicentury context","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-27T16:14:49.320064","indexId":"70274496","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The severity of the 2014–2015 snow drought in the Oregon Cascades in a multicentury context","docAbstract":"The western United States (US) is a hotspot for snow drought. The Oregon Cascade Range is highly sensitive to warming and as a result has experienced the largest mountain snowpack losses in the western US since the mid-20th century, including a record-breaking snow drought in 2014–2015 that culminated in a state of emergency. While Oregon Cascade snowpacks serve as the state's primary water supply, short instrumental records limit water managers' ability to fully constrain long-term natural snowpack variability prior to the influence of ongoing and projected anthropogenic climate change. Here, we use annually-resolved tree-ring records to develop the first multi-century reconstruction of Oregon Cascade April 1st Snow Water Equivalent (SWE). The model explains 58% of observed snowpack variability and extends back to 1688 AD, nearly quintupling the length of the existing snowpack record. Our reconstruction suggests that only one other multiyear event in the last three centuries was as severe as the 2014–2015 snow drought. The 2015 event alone was more severe than nearly any other year in over three centuries. Extreme low-to-high snowpack “whiplash” transitions are a consistent feature throughout the reconstructed record. Multi-decadal intervals of persistent below-the-mean peak SWE are prominent features of pre-instrumental snowpack variability, but are generally absent from the instrumental period and likely not fully accounted for in modern water management. In the face of projected snow drought intensification and warming, our findings motivate adaptive management strategies that address declining snowpack and increasingly variable precipitation regimes.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2022WR032875","usgsCitation":"Dye, L.A., Coulthard, B.L., Hatchett, B.J., Homfeld, I.K., Salazar, T.N., Littell, J.S., and Anchukaitis, K.J., 2023, The severity of the 2014–2015 snow drought in the Oregon Cascades in a multicentury context: Water Resources Research, v. 59, no. 5, e2022WR032875, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032875.","productDescription":"e2022WR032875, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-141457","costCenters":[{"id":49028,"text":"Alaska Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022wr032875","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.04787497207607,\n 45.57580261829014\n ],\n [\n -123.04787497207607,\n 42.01828925468891\n ],\n [\n -120.72225223468077,\n 42.01828925468891\n ],\n [\n -120.72225223468077,\n 45.57580261829014\n ],\n [\n -123.04787497207607,\n 45.57580261829014\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dye, Laura A.","contributorId":270199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dye","given":"Laura","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":56105,"text":"University of Arizona, Las Vegas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coulthard, Bethany L.","contributorId":270197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coulthard","given":"Bethany","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":33776,"text":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatchett, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1066-3601","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-3601","contributorId":214405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatchett","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39033,"text":"Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Homfeld, Inga K.","contributorId":270198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Homfeld","given":"Inga","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":33776,"text":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Salazar, Taylor N.","contributorId":368875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salazar","given":"Taylor","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":87664,"text":"Portland State Univesity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-5302-8280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-8280","contributorId":205907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anchukaitis, Kevin J.","contributorId":270200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anchukaitis","given":"Kevin","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70246710,"text":"70246710 - 2023 - Discovery of a rare pillar coral (Dendrogyra cylindrus) death assemblage off southeast Florida reveals multi-century persistence during the late Holocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-26T14:51:39.124739","indexId":"70246710","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-02T07:16:09","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discovery of a rare pillar coral (Dendrogyra cylindrus) death assemblage off southeast Florida reveals multi-century persistence during the late Holocene","docAbstract":"In recent years, coral populations in the western Atlantic have undergone widespread declines from climate change, anthropogenic stressors, and infectious disease outbreaks. The pillar coral, Dendrogyra cylindrus, has been one of the most affected species, prompting its listing as threatened under the United States Endangered Species Act in 2014 and critically endangered under the IUCN Red List in 2022. However, due to its natural rarity, it is particularly difficult to study using conventional long-term monitoring studies or less common paleontological investigations. Here, we document for the first time, the multi-century persistence of D. cylindrus on high-latitude nearshore reefs off southeast Florida during the late Holocene. Using high-precision uranium–thorium (U-Th) dating, we constrain the ages of well-preserved subfossil D. cylindrus colonies recovered from newly described coral death assemblages. We also describe specific morphological characteristics and taphonomic indicators reflecting their unique depositional environment. Our findings demonstrate long-term persistence of D. cylindrus in southeast Florida, despite geographical isolation and historical rarity in the region.
Ecological restoration has potential for contributing to conservation activities for threatened Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) and Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia, Y. jaegeriana) and their broader ecosystems in the Mojave and western Sonoran deserts. To be effective, restoration actions deployed strategically need to halt and reverse habitat degradation, replenish or enhance resources used by both species (e.g., large shrubs for protection of tortoises and nurse plants facilitating recruitment of Joshua tree seedlings), and ideally foster resilience during likely future environmental changes. We synthesized restoration techniques and their effectiveness in the Mojave and western Sonoran deserts, provide estimated costs of candidate techniques, and anticipate future research needs for effective restoration in changing climates and environments. Over 50 published studies in the Mojave and western Sonoran deserts demonstrate that restoration can improve soil features (e.g., biocrusts), increase cover of native perennial and annual plants, enhance native seed retention and seed banks, and reduce risk of fires to conserve mature shrubland habitat. We placed restoration techniques into three categories: restoration of site environments, revegetation, and management actions to limit further disturbance and encourage recovery. Within these categories, 11 major restoration techniques (and their variations) were evaluated by at least one published study and range from geomorphic (e.g., reestablishing natural topographic patterns) and abiotic structural treatments (e.g., vertical mulching) to active revegetation (e.g., outplanting, seeding). For example, 16 outplanting studies assessed performance of 46 species to begin identifying top-performing species, associated treatments (e.g., protection from herbivory) required to aid outplant survival, and potential for outplants to trigger formation of self-sustaining populations. Creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), a shrub that tortoises use for cover and that serves as a nurse plant for Joshua tree recruitment, achieved at least 50% survival in five of eight studies. Estimated costs for restoring desert habitats varied primarily with the severity of the disturbance, site factors including the diversity of vegetation that was lost, logistical factors such as accessibility of sites (influencing transportation costs), and the cost-effectiveness of the restoration techniques chosen. The review highlights six major research and adaptive management needs for advancing desert habitat restoration. These needs include: 1) continued development of innovative techniques and bet-hedging approaches to provide managers with “tool boxes” of candidate treatments to deploy in dynamic environmental and management conditions, 2) identifying how to optimize spatial deployment of limited restoration resources, 3) developing practical techniques for reducing non-native annual grasses across spatial scales, 4) improving linkages between habitat enhancements and short- and long-term indicators of tortoise usage and responses and Joshua tree population sustainability, 5) mitigating multiple, interacting stressors with cumulative impacts, and 6) integrating biotic (e.g., seeding) and abiotic (e.g., fencing, shade structures) treatments to complement each other at site and landscape scales in dynamic climates and environments. It is possible that bet-hedging approaches employing multiple treatment types (or phased treatments across years) and greater incorporation of abiotic treatments, which are less sensitive to timing of precipitation compared with biotic treatments, will become increasingly important under future climates projected to be drier and more variable. Existing research suggests that restoration can be deployed effectively even under adverse climatic conditions, but success requires identifying suitable techniques tailored to dynamic environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Boyce Thompson Arboretum","usgsCitation":"Abella, S.R., Berry, K.H., and Ferrazzano, S., 2023, Techniques for restoring damaged Mojave and western Sonoran ecosystems, including those for threatened desert tortoises and Joshua trees: Desert Plants, v. 38, no. 2, p. 4-52.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"52","ipdsId":"IP-147104","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://btarboretum.org/desert-plants-journal/"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada, Sonora","otherGeospatial":"Mohave Desert, Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.40792003344728,\n 36.4817349450944\n ],\n [\n -116.40792003344728,\n 31.379037948953112\n ],\n [\n -110.3423561059686,\n 31.379037948953112\n ],\n [\n -110.3423561059686,\n 36.4817349450944\n ],\n [\n -116.40792003344728,\n 36.4817349450944\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abella, Scott R","contributorId":266177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abella","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":54937,"text":"University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrazzano, Stefanie","contributorId":304977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrazzano","given":"Stefanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66198,"text":"Clark County Department of Environment and Sustainability, Desert Conservation Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70262374,"text":"70262374 - 2023 - Remote characterization of the 12 January 2020 eruption of Taal Volcano, Philippines, using seismo-acoustic, volcanic lightning, and satellite observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-16T16:53:12.932796","indexId":"70262374","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-28T10:47:11","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote characterization of the 12 January 2020 eruption of Taal Volcano, Philippines, using seismo-acoustic, volcanic lightning, and satellite observations","docAbstract":"On 12 January 2020, an eruption began on the shores of the Main Crater Lake (MCL) of Taal Volcano—a caldera system on the southern end of Luzon Island in the Philippines. Taal, one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines, is located 30 km south of Manila—a major metropolitan area with a population of 13.5 million people. Eruptive activity intensified throughout the day on 12 January, producing prolific volcanic lightning, ashfall, and a sustained plume that reached 16–17 km altitude. The chronology of events was well documented by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology and the Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center. The wealth of data collected during the eruption provides a unique opportunity to investigate how the combination of different remote sensing methods may complement local observations and monitoring. Remote systems tend to provide lower resolution data but are also less likely to be compromised by the eruptive activity, thus providing continuous records of eruptive processes. Here, we present a postevent analysis of the 12 January activity, including data from long‐range lightning, infrasound, and seismic arrays located at distances up to several thousands of kilometers from the volcano. By combining these datasets, we distinguish five phases of activity and infer a major shift in eruption behavior around 12:00 on 12 January (UTC). The remote observations suggest that the most of the water within the MCL (∼42 million m3) was vaporized and incorporated into the volcanic plume within the first 12 hr of the eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120220223","usgsCitation":"Perttu, A., Assink, J.D., Van Eaton, A.R., Caudron, C., Vagasky, C., Krippner, J., McKee, K., De Angelis, S., Perttu, B., Taisne, B., and Lube, G., 2023, Remote characterization of the 12 January 2020 eruption of Taal Volcano, Philippines, using seismo-acoustic, volcanic lightning, and satellite observations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 113, no. 4, p. 1471-1492, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120220223.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1471","endPage":"1492","ipdsId":"IP-146744","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/365748","text":"External Repository"},{"id":466642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Philippines","otherGeospatial":"Taal Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 121.2,\n 13.8755\n ],\n [\n 121.2,\n 14.15\n ],\n [\n 120.9,\n 14.15\n ],\n [\n 120.9,\n 13.8755\n ],\n [\n 121.2,\n 13.8755\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perttu, Anna 0000-0003-3590-1549","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3590-1549","contributorId":265984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perttu","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48937,"text":"Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Assink, Jelle D.","contributorId":236650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Assink","given":"Jelle","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":47493,"text":"R and D Seismology and Acoustics, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Utrechtseweg 297, 3731 GA De Bilt, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Eaton, Alexa R. 0000-0001-6646-4594 avaneaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-4594","contributorId":184079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eaton","given":"Alexa","email":"avaneaton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science 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need for systematic evaluation of their performance. Most evaluation efforts to date have focused on smaller basins that have been relatively undisturbed by human activity, but there is also a need to benchmark model performance more comprehensively, including basins impacted by human activities. This study benchmarks the long-term performance of two process-oriented, high-resolution, continental-scale hydrologic models that have been developed to assess water availability and risks in the United States (US): the National Water Model v2.1 application of WRF-Hydro (NWMv2.1) and the National Hydrologic Model v1.0 application of the Precipitation–Runoff Modeling System (NHMv1.0). The evaluation is performed on 5390 streamflow gages from 1983 to 2016 (∼ 33 years) at a daily time step, including both natural and human-impacted catchments, representing one of the most comprehensive evaluations over the contiguous US. Using the Kling–Gupta efficiency as the main evaluation metric, the models are compared against a climatological benchmark that accounts for seasonality. Overall, the model applications show similar performance, with better performance in minimally disturbed basins than in those impacted by human activities. Relative regional differences are also similar: the best performance is found in the Northeast, followed by the Southeast, and generally worse performance is found in the Central and West areas. For both models, about 80 % of the sites exceed the seasonal climatological benchmark. Basins that do not exceed the climatological benchmark are further scrutinized to provide model diagnostics for each application. Using the underperforming subset, both models tend to overestimate streamflow volumes in the West, which could be attributed to not accounting for human activities, such as active management. Both models underestimate flow variability, especially the highest flows; this was more pronounced for NHMv1.0. Low flows tended to be overestimated by NWMv2.1, whereas there were both over and underestimations for NHMv1.0, but they were less severe. Although this study focused on model diagnostics for underperforming sites based on the seasonal climatological benchmark, metrics for all sites for both model applications are openly available online.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 was introduced in North America in late 2021 through trans-Atlantic pathways via migratory birds. These introductions have resulted in an unprecedented epizootic, a widespread disease event in animals, heavily affecting poultry, wild birds, and recently mammals. The North American incursions occurred during the largest epidemic season (2021–2022) in Europe where H5N1 may now be endemic (i.e., continuously present). The continuing outbreak includes expansion into Mexico, Central and South America beginning in late 2022. Here, we provide an overview of the Eurasian origin H5N1 introduction to the Americas, including a significant shift in virus dynamics and severe disease in wild birds. Then, to investigate the global changes in confirmed detections in wild birds and poultry across time and geographic regions, we analyzed FAO's EMPRES-i + database. To examine the 2021 introduction and spread in North American wild birds and poultry, we collated publicly available data across USA and Canadian federal sources. Based on our assessment, the unique magnitude of the North American H5N1 spread indicates the need for effective decision framing to prioritize management needs and scientific inquiry, particularly for species at risk and interface areas for wildlife, poultry, and humans. We illustrate the rapidly occurring and likely increasing detrimental effects that this One Health issue has on wildlife, agriculture, and potentially human health, and we offer a reframing of HPAIV disease response towards a decision analytical context to guide scientific prioritization as a potentially valuable change in focus.
Nutrient limitation of tree growth can intensify when nutrients are lost to forest harvest, creating challenges for forest growth and sustainability. Forest harvest accelerates nutrient loss by removing nutrient-containing biomass and by increasing nutrient leaching, shaping patterns of nutrient depletion that cause long-term shifts in nutrient limitation. Nitrogen most frequently limits tree growth, but where nitrogen is abundant, nutrient limitation often shifts to phosphorus and base cations, depending on soil mineralogy. We used the process-based biogeochemical model NutsFor to evaluate how multiple elements can limit long-term forest growth via interactions between soil nitrogen (low vs. high nitrogen) and soil mineralogy (sedimentary vs. basaltic bedrock). Simulations were run for 525 years with 40-year harvest intervals for managed Douglas-fir forests of the Oregon Coast Range. In low nitrogen sites, nutrient limitation switched after several centuries from nitrogen to phosphorus, as cycles of forest growth and harvest depleted soil organic phosphorus pools. In contrast, high nitrogen sites displayed severe base cation depletion and reduced tree growth within only one to two rotations, with sedimentary bedrock sites limited by calcium and basaltic sites by both calcium and potassium. Harvesting stimulated the largest fractional losses of nitrogen and potassium across all simulations, and additionally of calcium in high nitrogen sites. These multi-element simulations of interactions among harvesting, soil nitrogen, and bedrock type provide a set of testable predictions to guide monitoring and changes in management aimed at sustaining long-term forest productivity across a wide range of soil biogeochemical conditions.
During the Late Pleistocene, major parts of North America were periodically covered by ice sheets. However, there are still questions about whether ice-free refugia were present in the Alexander Archipelago along the Southeast (SE) Alaska coast during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Numerous subfossils have been recovered from caves in SE Alaska, including American black (Ursus americanus) and brown (U. arctos) bears, which today are found in the Alexander Archipelago but are genetically distinct from mainland bear populations. Hence, these bear species offer an ideal system to investigate long-term occupation, potential refugial survival and lineage turnover. Here, we present genetic analyses based on 99 new complete mitochondrial genomes from ancient and modern brown and black bears spanning the last ~45,000 years. Black bears form two SE Alaskan subclades, one preglacial and another postglacial, that diverged >100,000 years ago. All postglacial ancient brown bears are closely related to modern brown bears in the archipelago, while a single preglacial brown bear is found in a distantly related clade. A hiatus in the bear subfossil record around the LGM and the deep split of their pre- and postglacial subclades fail to support a hypothesis of continuous occupancy in SE Alaska throughout the LGM for either species. Our results are consistent with an absence of refugia along the SE Alaska coast, but indicate that vegetation quickly expanded after deglaciation, allowing bears to recolonize the area after a short-lived LGM peak.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mec.16960","usgsCitation":"da Silva Coelho, F.A., Gill, S., Tomlin, C.M., Papavassiliou, M., Farley, S.D., Cook, J., Sonsthagen, S.A., Sage, G.K., Heaton, T.H., Talbot, S., and Lindqvist, C., 2023, Ancient bears provide insights into Pleistocene ice age refugia in Southeast Alaska: Molecular Ecology, v. 32, no. 13, p. 3641-3656, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16960.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3641","endPage":"3656","ipdsId":"IP-147539","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16960","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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decision support in the face of uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-04T14:46:01.464127","indexId":"70243206","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T06:46:35","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple models for outbreak decision support in the face of uncertainty","docAbstract":"Policymakers must make management decisions despite incomplete knowledge and conflicting model projections. Little guidance exists for the rapid, representative, and unbiased collection of policy-relevant scientific input from independent modeling teams. Integrating approaches from decision analysis, expert judgment, and model aggregation, we convened multiple modeling teams to evaluate COVID-19 reopening strategies for a mid-sized United States county early in the pandemic. Projections from seventeen distinct models were inconsistent in magnitude but highly consistent in ranking interventions. The 6-mo-ahead aggregate projections were well in line with observed outbreaks in mid-sized US counties. The aggregate results showed that up to half the population could be infected with full workplace reopening, while workplace restrictions reduced median cumulative infections by 82%. Rankings of interventions were consistent across public health objectives, but there was a strong trade-off between public health outcomes and duration of workplace closures, and no win-win intermediate reopening strategies were identified. Between-model variation was high; the aggregate results thus provide valuable risk quantification for decision making. This approach can be applied to the evaluation of management interventions in any setting where models are used to inform decision making. This case study demonstrated the utility of our approach and was one of several multimodel efforts that laid the groundwork for the COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub, which has provided multiple rounds of real-time scenario projections for situational awareness and decision making to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention since December 2020.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2207537120","usgsCitation":"Shea, K., Borchering, R.K., Probert, W., Howerton, E., Bogich, T.L., Li, S., van Panhuis, W., Viboud, C., Aguas, R., Belov, A.A., Bhargava, S.H., Cavany, S.M., Chang, J.C., Chen, C., Chen, J., Chen, S., Chen, Y., Childs, L.M., Chow, C.C., Crooker, I., Del Valle, S.Y., Espana, G., Fairchild, G., Gerkin, R.C., Germann, T.C., Gu, Q., Guan, X., Guo, L., Hart, G.R., Hladish, T.J., Hupert, N., Janies, D., Kerr, C.C., Klein, D.J., Klein, E.Y., Lin, G., Manore, C., Meyers, L.A., Mittler, J.E., Mu, K., Nunez, R.C., Oidtman, R.J., Pasco, R., Pastore y Piontti, A., Paul, R., Pearson, C.A., Perdomo, D.R., Perkins, T.A., Pierce, K., Pillai, A.N., Rael, R.C., Rosenfeld, K., Ross, C.W., Spencer, J.A., Stoltzfus, A.B., Toh, K.B., Vattikuti, S., Vespignani, A., Wang, L., White, L.J., Pan, X., Yang, Y., Yogurtcu, O.N., Zhang, W., Zhao, Y., Zou, D., Ferrari, M., Pannell, D., Tildesley, M., Seiferth, J., Johnson, E., Biggerstaff, M., Johansson, M.A., Slayton, R.B., Levander, J., Stazer, J., Kerr, J., and Runge, M.C., 2023, Multiple models for outbreak decision support in the face of uncertainty: PNAS, v. 120, no. 18, e2207537120, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2207537120.","productDescription":"e2207537120, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123397","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2207537120","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":416715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shea, Katriona 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B.","contributorId":258039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slayton","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27265,"text":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":74},{"text":"Levander, John","contributorId":258069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levander","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":75},{"text":"Stazer, Jeff","contributorId":304797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stazer","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":76},{"text":"Kerr, J.","contributorId":76516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerr","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":77},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":78}]}} ,{"id":70256479,"text":"70256479 - 2023 - A coupled human and natural systems framework to characterize emerging infectious diseases: The case of fibropapillomatosis in marine turtles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-06T16:48:50.431037","indexId":"70256479","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-23T11:46:19","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5762,"text":"Animals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A coupled human and natural systems framework to characterize emerging infectious diseases: The case of fibropapillomatosis in marine turtles","docAbstract":"Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife have markedly increased in the last few decades. Unsustainable, continuous, and rapid alterations within and between coupled human and natural systems have significantly disrupted wildlife disease dynamics. Direct and indirect anthropogenic effects, such as climate change, pollution, encroachment, urbanization, travel, and trade, can promote outbreaks of infectious diseases in wildlife. We constructed a coupled human and natural systems framework identifying three main wildlife disease risk factors behind these anthropogenic effects: (i) immune suppression, (ii) viral spillover, and (iii) disease propagation. Through complex and convoluted dynamics, each of the anthropogenic effect listed in our framework can lead, to some extent, to one or more of the identified risk factors accelerating disease outbreaks in wildlife. In this review, we present a novel framework to study anthropogenic impacts within coupled human and natural systems that facilitate emergence of infectious disease involving wildlife. We demonstrate the utility of the framework by applying it to Fibropapillomatosis disease of marine turtles. We aim to articulate the intricate and complex nature of anthropogenically-exacerbated wildlife infectious diseases as multifactorial. This paper supports the adoption of a One Health approach and invites the collaboration of multiple disciplines for the achievement of effective and long-lasting conservation and wildlife emerging diseases mitigation outcomes.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/ani13091441","usgsCitation":"Manes, C., Carthy, R., and Hull, V., 2023, A coupled human and natural systems framework to characterize emerging infectious diseases: The case of fibropapillomatosis in marine turtles: Animals, v. 13, no. 9, 1441, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091441.","productDescription":"1441, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151093","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091441","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manes, Costanza","contributorId":340789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manes","given":"Costanza","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carthy, Raymond 0000-0001-8978-5083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-5083","contributorId":219303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carthy","given":"Raymond","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hull, Vanessa","contributorId":340791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hull","given":"Vanessa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70243129,"text":"70243129 - 2023 - Estimating the impact of climate and vegetation changes on runoff risk across the Hawaiian landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-01T12:17:28.735759","indexId":"70243129","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-23T07:09:54","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1327,"text":"Conservation and resource management.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the impact of climate and vegetation changes on runoff risk across the Hawaiian landscape","docAbstract":"Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is a significant viral disease affecting salmonids, whereas Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Fp), the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD), remains one of the most significant bacterial pathogens of salmonids. We explored maternal immunity in the context of IHN and BCWD management in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture. Two experimental trials were conducted where different groups of female broodstock were immunized prior to spawning with an IHNV DNA vaccine or a live attenuated F. psychrophilum (Fp B.17-ILM) vaccine alone, or in combination. Progeny were challenged with either a low or high dose of IHNV at 13 days post hatch (dph) and 32 dph or challenged with F. psychrophilum at 13 dph. Mortality following a low-dose IHNV challenge at 13 dph was significantly lower in progeny from vaccinated broodstock vs. unvaccinated broodstock, but no significant differences were observed at 32 dph. Mortality due to BCWD was also significantly reduced in 13 dph fry that originated from broodstock immunized with the Fp B.17-ILM vaccine. After vaccination broodstock developed specific or neutralizing antibodies respectively to F. psychrophilum and IHNV; however, antibody titers in eggs and fry were undetectable. In the eggs and fry mRNA transcripts of the complement components C3 and C5 were detected at much higher levels in progeny from vaccinated broodstock and showed a significantly increased and rapid response post-challenge compared with unvaccinated broodstock. After challenges pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was immediately and considerably elevated in the fry from vaccinated broodstock vs. unvaccinated broodstock, whereas adaptive immune genes were elevated to a lesser degree. Results suggest that maternal transfer of innate and adaptive factors at the transcript level occurred because development of lymphomyeloid organs is not complete in such young fry. In addition to documenting maternally derived immunity in teleosts, this study demonstrates that broodstock vaccination can confer some degree of protection to progeny against viral and bacterial pathogens.
Avian reproductive strategies vary widely, and many studies of life-history variation have focused on the incubation and hatching stages of nesting. Birds make proximate decisions regarding reproductive investment during the laying stage, and these decisions likely constrain and tradeoff with other traits and subsequent behaviors. However, we know relatively little about egg-laying stage behaviors given the difficulty of locating and monitoring nest sites from the onset of laying. We used non-invasive continuous video recording to quantify variation in the egg-laying behaviors of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) along a 1400-km latitudinal gradient in western North America. Burrowing owls laid eggs disproportionately in the morning hours, and that tendency was strongest among first eggs in a clutch. However, selection appeared to act more strongly on laying intervals (the time between laying of consecutive eggs) than on the diel time of laying, and laying intervals varied widely among and within clutches. Laying intervals declined seasonally and with increasing clutch size but increased with increasing burrow temperature and as a function of laying stage nest attentiveness, which may be a strategy to preserve egg viability. Laying interval was positively correlated with the duration of hatching intervals, suggesting that laying interval duration is one mechanism (along with timing of incubation onset) that generates variation in hatching asynchrony. Our results lend support to two general hypotheses to explain laying schedules; selection favors laying eggs in the morning, but other selective pressures may override that pattern. These conclusions indicate that allocation decisions during laying are an important part of avian life-history strategies which are subject to energetic constraints and tradeoffs with other traits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-023-05373-2","usgsCitation":"Lundblad, C., and Conway, C.J., 2023, Investing in a nest egg: Intraspecific variation in the timing of egg laying across a latitudinal gradient: Oecologia, v. 202, p. 83-96, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-023-05373-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"96","ipdsId":"IP-149162","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"202","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundblad, Carl G.","contributorId":287176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lundblad","given":"Carl G.","affiliations":[{"id":39599,"text":"ui","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243044,"text":"70243044 - 2023 - Coordinating science during an eruption: Lessons from the 2020–2021 Kīlauea volcanic eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-27T12:09:14.397858","indexId":"70243044","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-14T07:06:51","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coordinating science during an eruption: Lessons from the 2020–2021 Kīlauea volcanic eruption","docAbstract":"Data collected during well-observed eruptions can lead to dramatic increases in our understanding of volcanic processes. However, the necessary prioritization of public safety and hazard mitigation during a crisis means that scientific opportunities may be sacrificed. Thus, maximizing the scientific gains from eruptions requires improved planning and coordinating science activities among governmental organizations and academia before and during volcanic eruptions. One tool to facilitate this coordination is a Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC). In the USA, the Community Network for Volcanic Eruption Response (CONVERSE) has been developing and testing this concept during workshops and scenario-based activities. The December 2020 eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii, provided an opportunity to test and refine this model in real-time and in a real-world setting. We present here the working model of a SAC developed during this eruption. Successes of the Kīlauea SAC (K-SAC) included broadening the pool of scientists involved in eruption response and developing and codifying procedures that may form the basis of operation for future SACs. Challenges encountered by the K-SAC included a process of review and facilitation of research proposals that was too slow to include outside participation in the early parts of the eruption and a decision process that fell on a small number of individuals at the responding volcano observatory. Possible ways to address these challenges include (1) supporting community-building activities between eruptions that make connections among scientists within and outside formal observatories, (2) identifying key science questions and pre-planning science activities, which would facilitate more rapid implementation across a broader scientific group, and (3) continued dialog among observatory scientists, emergency responders, and non-observatory scientists about the role of SACs. The SAC model holds promise to become an integral part of future efforts, leading in the short and longer term to more effective hazard response and greater scientific discovery and understanding.
1.The transformations of fish assemblages caused by reservoir cascades can be severe at the reach scale, but basin-scale effects are less clear. However, prevailing river concepts provide a framework for predicting basin-scale effects. 2. To determine if predictions made by the River Continuum Concept relative to the function of fish assemblages are sustained in a temperate river transformed into a reservoir cascade, we examined longitudinal trends in the distribution of fish functional traits over 23 reservoirs of the Tennessee River, USA. 3. In all, 115 species were recorded representing 62 traits, with trait richness increasing longitudinally in a downstream direction. Trophic, reproductive, and habitat traits showed various increasing and decreasing patterns up and down the reservoir cascade. The observed gradients in trait richness and trait distributions were generally consistent with those expected in unregulated rivers, with few unexpected results. 4. The transformation of lotic systems into lentic ones has changed habitats and sources of food and encouraged the proliferation of certain feeding (e.g., detritivores, planktivores, invertivores, piscivores), reproduction (e.g., nest spawners polyphils, broadcast spawners phytolithophils), and habitat (slow current, lacustrine, large river) traits. In essence, reservoirs have expanded downstream habitats in an upstream direction, and thus allowed upstream expansion of species and traits that would have normally not been well represented in upper reaches of the Tennessee River basin. Nevertheless, the impounded Tennessee River has maintained much of its functional integrity, despite extensive alterations to the riverscape. 5. We suggest that while reservoirs have been shown to have major local-scale effects on riverine fish assemblages, with access to riverine habitats, and with proactive conservation strategies, fish functional richness can remain remarkably high at the basin scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.14087","usgsCitation":"Besson, J.C., Neary, J.J., Stafford, J., Dunn, C.G., and Miranda, L.E., 2023, Fish functional gradients along a reservoir cascade: Freshwater Biology, v. 68, no. 6, p. 1079-1091, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.14087.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1079","endPage":"1091","ipdsId":"IP-142910","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.14087","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennesee","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.89909317516306,\n 37.08146306933972\n ],\n [\n -88.89909317516306,\n 34.317119493225874\n ],\n [\n -81.70418356025009,\n 34.317119493225874\n ],\n [\n -81.70418356025009,\n 37.08146306933972\n ],\n [\n -88.89909317516306,\n 37.08146306933972\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besson, Jordan C.","contributorId":341047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Besson","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neary, Joshua J.","contributorId":341048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neary","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stafford, Joshua D.","contributorId":341049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stafford","given":"Joshua D.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunn, Corey Garland 0000-0002-7102-2165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-2165","contributorId":288691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"Corey","email":"","middleInitial":"Garland","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242901,"text":"70242901 - 2023 - Coupling large-spatial scale larval dispersal modelling with barcoding to refine the amphi-Atlantic connectivity hypothesis in deep-sea seep mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-21T11:43:51.591272","indexId":"70242901","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-12T06:41:36","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupling large-spatial scale larval dispersal modelling with barcoding to refine the amphi-Atlantic connectivity hypothesis in deep-sea seep mussels","docAbstract":"In highly fragmented and relatively stable cold-seep ecosystems, species are expected to exhibit high migration rates and long-distance dispersal of long-lived pelagic larvae to maintain genetic integrity over their range. Accordingly, several species inhabiting cold seeps are widely distributed across the whole Atlantic Ocean, with low genetic divergence between metapopulations on both sides of the Atlantic Equatorial Belt (AEB, i.e. Barbados and African/European margins). Two hypotheses may explain such patterns: (i) the occurrence of present-day gene flow or (ii) incomplete lineage sorting due to large population sizes and low mutation rates. Here, we evaluated the first hypothesis using the cold seep mussels Gigantidas childressi, G. mauritanicus, Bathymodiolus heckerae and B. boomerang. We combined COI barcoding of 763 individuals with VIKING20X larval dispersal modelling at a large spatial scale not previously investigated. Population genetics supported the parallel evolution of Gigantidas and Bathymodiolus genera in the Atlantic Ocean and the occurrence of a 1-3 Million-year-old vicariance effect that isolated populations across the Caribbean Sea. Both population genetics and larval dispersal modelling suggested that contemporary gene flow and larval exchanges are possible across the AEB and the Caribbean Sea, although probably rare. When occurring, larval flow was eastward (AEB - only for B. boomerang) or northward (Caribbean Sea - only for G. mauritanicus). Caution is nevertheless required since we focused on only one mitochondrial gene, which may underestimate gene flow if a genetic barrier exists. Non-negligible genetic differentiation occurred between Barbados and African populations, so we could not discount the incomplete lineage sorting hypothesis. Larval dispersal modelling simulations supported the genetic findings along the American coast with high amounts of larval flow between the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and the US Atlantic Margin, although the Blake Ridge population of B. heckerae appeared genetically differentiated. Overall, our results suggest that additional studies using nuclear genetic markers and population genomics approaches are needed to clarify the evolutionary history of the Atlantic bathymodioline mussels and to distinguish between ongoing and past processes.
The Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (hereafter, “the Delta”) is one of the estuaries with the most invasive species in the world, and nonnative predators may be a major factor in the observed decline of Central Valley Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha over recent decades. In order for managers to take actions that might reduce predation-related mortality for these ecologically, culturally, and economically valuable fish, it is important to understand the factors influencing the distribution and abundance of piscivores in the Delta. In this study, we used a dual-frequency identification sonar (i.e., DIDSON) to conduct mobile surveys to quantify the abundances of piscivores in the Delta. We then used these data to identify the habitat features that are correlated with the abundance of piscivores. Prior to conducting the surveys, we used DIDSON data from captured fish to develop an algorithm to distinguish piscivores from nonpiscivores with high confidence (98% accuracy). A generalized linear mixed-effects model fit to these survey data indicated that predator abundances were most associated with areas of increased submerged aquatic vegetation patches, and channels that are straighter, with increased bathymetric complexity. When applied to the entire survey area, this model was successfully able to predict known areas of high predator densities. These results indicate that one approach to reduce predator densities in key locations throughout the Delta, and improve juvenile salmonid outmigration survival, is to reduce the extent of invasive submerged aquatic vegetation. Because experimental predator removals have been largely ineffective in the Delta, efforts to manipulate habitat to discourage nonnative predator recruitment and favor native species recruitment may provide a more effective solution to improve salmonid survival rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10873","usgsCitation":"Henderson, M., Loomis, C., Michel, C., Smith, J., Iglesias, I., Lehman, B., and Huff, D., 2023, Estimates of predator densities using mobile DIDSON surveys: Implications for survival of Central Valley Chinook Salmon: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 43, no. 3, p. 628-645, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10873.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"628","endPage":"645","ipdsId":"IP-145482","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10873","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 38.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, Mark J. 0000-0002-2861-8668 mhenderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-8668","contributorId":198609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Mark J.","email":"mhenderson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":909952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loomis, Chris","contributorId":342274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loomis","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26936,"text":"Humbolt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michel, Cyril","contributorId":342275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michel","given":"Cyril","affiliations":[{"id":81849,"text":"NOAA-SWFSC Fisheries Ecology Division","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Joe","contributorId":342276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Joe","affiliations":[{"id":81850,"text":"NOAA-NWFSC Fish Ecology Division","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iglesias, Ilysa","contributorId":342277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iglesias","given":"Ilysa","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lehman, Brendan","contributorId":342279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lehman","given":"Brendan","affiliations":[{"id":81849,"text":"NOAA-SWFSC Fisheries Ecology Division","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huff, David","contributorId":342281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huff","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":81850,"text":"NOAA-NWFSC Fish Ecology Division","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70243983,"text":"70243983 - 2023 - Using neutral landscape models to evaluate the umbrella species concept in an ecotone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-30T14:51:00.989431","indexId":"70243983","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-11T09:36:40","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using neutral landscape models to evaluate the umbrella species concept in an ecotone","docAbstract":"Steep declines in North American rangeland biodiversity have prompted researchers and managers to use umbrella species as a tool to manage diverse suites of co-occurring wildlife, but efficacy of this method has been variable. Evaluation of prairie and shrubland grouse as umbrellas is typically restricted to observed overlap between umbrella and background species, but this approach does not distinguish between overlap due to ubiquity or niche overlap.
We demonstrate a novel application of neutral landscape models (NLMs) to test the effectiveness of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) as an umbrella species for grassland songbirds at a grassland-sagebrush ecotone in northeastern Wyoming, USA.
We leveraged existing spatial data representing sage-grouse habitat in two distinct seasons (nesting and late brood-rearing) and density and distribution of eight grassland songbirds. We applied a permutation-based analysis using NLMs to determine whether overlap between background species and greater sage-grouse was greater than expected by chance.
Three species (western meadowlark Sturnella neglecta, loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus, and lark bunting Calamospiza melanocorys) had greater overlap than expected with at least one type of greater sage-grouse habitat, while western kingbirds (Tyrannus verticalis) indicated avoidance of all sage-grouse habitat assessed.
NLMs provided a more nuanced evaluation of the umbrella species concept than previously available and allowed us to differentiate between overlap due to ubiquity (e.g., vesper sparrow; Pooecetes gramineus) rather than overlap in habitat use. All grassland passerine species with greater than expected overlap with sage-grouse habitat either nest in sagebrush (loggerhead shrike) or often select nest locations underneath small shrubs (western meadowlark, lark bunting). These results indicate that nesting substrate is a potential niche axis to consider when evaluating the umbrella species concept, especially within sagebrush-grassland ecotones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-022-01586-7","usgsCitation":"Duchardt, C.J., Monroe, A., Edmunds, D.R., Holloran, M.J., Holloran, A.G., and Aldridge, C.L., 2023, Using neutral landscape models to evaluate the umbrella species concept in an ecotone: Landscape Ecology, v. 38, p. 1447-1462, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-022-01586-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1447","endPage":"1462","ipdsId":"IP-135208","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MLURH7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"A neutral landscape approach to evaluating the umbrella species concept for greater sage-grouse in northeast Wyoming, USA"},{"id":417531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.00304481605505,\n 44.99130028797805\n ],\n [\n -111.00304481605505,\n 40.92596776661196\n ],\n [\n -104.05240845017104,\n 40.92596776661196\n ],\n [\n -104.05240845017104,\n 44.99130028797805\n ],\n [\n -111.00304481605505,\n 44.99130028797805\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duchardt, Courtney J. 0000-0003-4563-0199","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4563-0199","contributorId":239754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duchardt","given":"Courtney","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":48000,"text":"U Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":874007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monroe, Adrian P. 0000-0003-0934-8225 amonroe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-8225","contributorId":152209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"Adrian P.","email":"amonroe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edmunds, David R. 0000-0002-5212-8271 dedmunds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5212-8271","contributorId":152210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmunds","given":"David","email":"dedmunds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holloran, Matthew James 0000-0001-5244-770X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5244-770X","contributorId":305854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloran","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holloran, Alison G.","contributorId":305855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holloran","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":51369,"text":"Audubon Rockies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":874011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":874012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70242670,"text":"70242670 - 2023 - Climate change and the global redistribution of biodiversity: Substantial variation in empirical support for expected range shifts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-12T11:52:12.574367","indexId":"70242670","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-11T06:50:09","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":14239,"text":"Journal of Environmental Evidence","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and the global redistribution of biodiversity: Substantial variation in empirical support for expected range shifts","docAbstract":"Among the most widely predicted climate change-related impacts to biodiversity are geographic range shifts, whereby species shift their spatial distribution to track their climate niches. A series of commonly articulated hypotheses have emerged in the scientific literature suggesting species are expected to shift their distributions to higher latitudes, greater elevations, and deeper depths in response to rising temperatures associated with climate change. Yet, many species are not demonstrating range shifts consistent with these expectations. Here, we evaluate the impact of anthropogenic climate change (specifically, changes in temperature and precipitation) on species’ ranges, and assess whether expected range shifts are supported by the body of empirical evidence.
We conducted a Systematic Review, searching online databases and search engines in English. Studies were screened in a two-stage process (title/abstract review, followed by full-text review) to evaluate whether they met a list of eligibility criteria. Data coding, extraction, and study validity assessment was completed by a team of trained reviewers and each entry was validated by at least one secondary reviewer. We used logistic regression models to assess whether the direction of shift supported common range-shift expectations (i.e., shifts to higher latitudes and elevations, and deeper depths). We also estimated the magnitude of shifts for the subset of available range-shift data expressed in distance per time (i.e., km/decade). We accounted for methodological attributes at the study level as potential sources of variation. This allowed us to answer two questions: (1) are most species shifting in the direction we expect (i.e., each observation is assessed as support/fail to support our expectation); and (2) what is the average speed of range shifts?
We found that less than half of all range-shift observations (46.60%) documented shifts towards higher latitudes, higher elevations, and greater marine depths, demonstrating significant variation in the empirical evidence for general range shift expectations. For the subset of studies looking at range shift rates, we found that species demonstrated significant average shifts towards higher latitudes (average = 11.8 km/dec) and higher elevations (average = 9 m/dec), although we failed to find significant evidence for shifts to greater marine depths. We found that methodological factors in individual range-shift studies had a significant impact on the reported direction and magnitude of shifts. Finally, we identified important variation across dimensions of range shifts (e.g., greater support for latitude and elevation shifts than depth), parameters (e.g., leading edge shifts faster than trailing edge for latitude), and taxonomic groups (e.g., faster latitudinal shifts for insects than plants).
Despite growing evidence that species are shifting their ranges in response to climate change, substantial variation exists in the extent to which definitively empirical observations confirm these expectations. Even though on average, rates of shift show significant movement to higher elevations and latitudes for many taxa, most species are not shifting in expected directions. Variation across dimensions and parameters of range shifts, as well as differences across taxonomic groups and variation driven by methodological factors, should be considered when assessing overall confidence in range-shift hypotheses. In order for managers to effectively plan for species redistribution, we need to better account for and predict which species will shift and by how much. The dataset produced for this analysis can be used for future research to explore additional hypotheses to better understand species range shifts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/s13750-023-00296-0","usgsCitation":"Rubenstein, M.A., Weiskopf, S.R., Bertrand, R., Carter, S., Comte, L., Eaton, M.J., Johnson, C.G., Lenoir, J., Lynch, A., Miller, B.W., Morelli, T.L., Rodriguez, M.A., Terando, A., and Thompson, L., 2023, Climate change and the global redistribution of biodiversity: Substantial variation in empirical support for expected range shifts: Journal of Environmental Evidence, v. 12, 7, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-023-00296-0.","productDescription":"7, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-138082","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443888,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-023-00296-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99VP2TW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"CoRE (Contractions or Range Expansions) Database: Global Database of Species Range Shifts from 1802-2019"},{"id":415647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubenstein, Madeleine A. 0000-0001-8569-781X mrubenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8569-781X","contributorId":203206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubenstein","given":"Madeleine","email":"mrubenstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiskopf, Sarah R. 0000-0002-5933-8191","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-8191","contributorId":207699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskopf","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bertrand, Romain","contributorId":304118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bertrand","given":"Romain","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65973,"text":"Universitéde Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, Shawn 0000-0002-0045-4681","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-4681","contributorId":216490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Shawn","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rodriguez, Mari Angel 0000-0002-3372-1897","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3372-1897","contributorId":224776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Mari","email":"","middleInitial":"Angel","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Terando, Adam 0000-0002-9280-043X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-043X","contributorId":205908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Thompson, Laura 0000-0002-7884-6001","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-6001","contributorId":207364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70242698,"text":"70242698 - 2023 - Using the potassium-argon laser experiment (KArLE) to date ancient, low-K chondritic meteorites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-13T12:27:11.289324","indexId":"70242698","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-10T07:24:41","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5996,"text":"Meteoritics & Planetary Science (MAPS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using the potassium-argon laser experiment (KArLE) to date ancient, low-K chondritic meteorites","docAbstract":"Several laboratories have been investigating the feasibility of in situ K-Ar dating for use in future landing planetary missions. One drawback of these laboratory demonstrations is the insufficient analogy of the analyzed analog samples with expected future targets. We present the results obtained using the K-Ar laser experiment (KArLE) on two old and K-poor chondritic samples, Pułtusk and Hvittis, as better lunar analogs. The KArLE instrument uses laser ablation to vaporize rock samples and quantifies K content by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Ar by quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS), and ablated mass by laser profilometry. We performed 64 laser ablations on the chondrites to measure spots with a range of K2O and Ar content and used the data to construct isochrons to determine the chondrite formation age. The KArLE isochron ages on Pułtusk and Hvittis are 5059 ± 892 Ma and 4721 ± 793 Ma, respectively, which is within the uncertainty of published reference ages, and interpreted as the age of their formation. The uncertainty (2σ) on the KArLE ages obtained in this study is better than 20% (18% for Pułtusk and 17% for Hvittis). The precision, which compares our obtained ages to the reference ages, is also better than 20% (11% for Pułtusk and 4% for Hvittis). These results are encouraging for understanding the limits of this technique to measure ancient planetary samples and for guiding future improvements to the instrument.