Animal structural body size and condition are often measured to evaluate individual health, identify responses to environmental change and food availability, and relate food availability to effects on reproduction and survival. A variety of condition metrics have been developed but relationships between these metrics and vital rates are rarely validated. Identifying an optimal approach to estimate the body condition of polar bears is needed to improve monitoring of their response to decline in sea ice habitat. Therefore, we examined relationships between several commonly used condition indices (CI), body mass, and size with female reproductive success and cub survival among polar bears (Ursus maritimus) measured in two subpopulations over three decades. To improve measurement and application of morphometrics and CIs, we also examined whether CIs are independent of age and structural size–an important assumption for monitoring temporal trends—and factors affecting measurement precision and accuracy. Maternal CIs and mass measured the fall prior to denning were related to cub production. Similarly, maternal CIs, mass, and length were related to the mass of cubs or yearlings that accompanied her. However, maternal body mass, but not CIs, measured in the spring was related to cub production and only maternal mass and length were related to the probability of cub survival. These results suggest that CIs may not be better indicators of fitness than body mass in part because CIs remove variation associated with body size that is important in affecting fitness. Further, CIs exhibited variable relationships with age for growing bears and were lower for longer bears despite body length being related to cub survival and female reproductive success. These results are consistent with findings from other species indicating that body mass is a useful metric to link environmental conditions and population dynamics.
Adaptive variation among plant populations must be known for effective conservation and restoration of imperiled species and predicting their responses to a changing climate. Common‐garden experiments, in which plants sourced from geographically distant populations are grown together such that genetic differences may be expressed, have provided much insight on adaptive variation. Common‐garden experiments also form the foundation for climate‐based seed‐transfer guidelines. However, the spatial scale at which population differentiation occurs is rarely addressed, leaving a critical information gap for parameterizing seed‐transfer guidelines and assessing species’ climate vulnerability. We asked whether adaptation was evident among populations of a foundational perennial within a single “empirical” seed‐transfer zone (based on previous common‐garden findings evaluating very distant populations) but different “provisional” seed zones (groupings of areas of similar climate and are not parameterized from common‐garden data). Seedlings from three populations originating from similar conditions within an intermediate elevation were planted into gardens nearby at the same elevation, or 250–450 m higher or lower in elevation and 0.4–25 km away. Substantial variation was observed between gardens in survival (ranging 2%–99%), foliar crown volume (7.8–22.6 dm3), and reproductive effort (0%–65%), but not among the three transplanted populations. The between garden variation was inversely related to climatic differences between the gardens and seed‐source populations, specifically the site differences in maximum–minimum annual temperatures. Results suggest that substantial site‐specificity in adaptation can occur at finer scales than is accounted for in empirical seed‐transfer guidance when the guidance is derived from broadscale common‐garden studies. Being within the same empirical seed zone, geographic unit, and even within 10 km distance may not qualify as “local” in the context of seed transfer. Moving forward, designing common‐garden experiments so that they allow for testing the scale of adaptation will help in translating the resulting seed‐transfer guidance to restoration projects.
Tallgrass prairie is a disturbance‐dependent ecosystem that has suffered steep declines in the midwestern United States. The necessity of disturbance, typically fire or grazing, presents challenges to managers who must apply them on increasingly small and fragmented parcels. The goal of this study was to compare effects of management using cattle grazing or fire on vegetation and soil characteristics to aid managers in making decisions regarding the kind of disturbance to apply. We selected 73 sites, of which 27 were managed solely by cattle grazing and 46 solely by fire, for at least 11 yr leading up to the study. We stratified the sites by prairie type (dry, mesic, and wet) and sampled frequency of plant species on randomly placed transects, supplemented with botanist‐directed walks, and collected and composited five soil cores on a randomly selected transect within each prairie type at each site. We calculated rarefied richness and Shannon evenness from the transect data and mean coefficient of conservatism (CofC) from the total list of species. Soil samples were analyzed for texture, bulk density, total N and C, and potential net N nitrification and mineralization. A nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis of the plant community data revealed differences in species associated with mesic and wet prairies, but no separation by management type. Similarly, none of the vegetation variables we calculated varied by management type, as determined by mixed‐effects models, but soil bulk density was 17.5% higher and total N was 22% higher on grazed sites than burned sites. Sites burned more recently had higher species richness and mean CofC, but fire was not associated with any soil variables. Sites grazed more recently had higher bulk density, total N and C, and faster N cycling rates. Overall, 28% of plant species were found exclusively in one management type or the other, but these species did not vary in mean CofC. We conclude that, at the levels of burning and grazing intensity we studied, both management approaches produce similar C storage and vegetation responses. To maintain maximum diversity across the landscape, however, both approaches are necessary.
Passive acoustic monitoring using autonomous recording units (ARUs) is a fast-growing area of wildlife research especially for rare, cryptic species that vocalize. Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) populations have been monitored since the mid-1980s using mark–recapture methods. To evaluate an alternative survey method, we used ARUs to detect calls of Northern Spotted Owls and Barred Owls (S. varia), a congener that has expanded its range into the Pacific Northwest and threatens Northern Spotted Owl persistence. We set ARUs at 30 500-ha hexagons (150 ARU stations) with recent Northern Spotted Owl activity and high Barred Owl density within Northern Spotted Owl demographic study areas in Oregon and Washington, and set ARUs to record continuously each night from March to July, 2017. We reviewed spectrograms (visual representations of sound) and tagged target vocalizations to extract calls from ~160,000 hr of recordings. Even in a study area with low occupancy rates on historical territories (Washington’s Olympic Peninsula), the probability of detecting a Northern Spotted Owl when it was present in a hexagon exceeded 0.95 after 3 weeks of recording. Environmental noise, mainly from rain, wind, and streams, decreased detection probabilities for both species over all study areas. Using demographic information about known Northern Spotted Owls, we found that weekly detection probabilities of Northern Spotted Owls were higher when ARUs were closer to known nests and activity centers and when owls were paired, suggesting passive acoustic data alone could help locate Northern Spotted Owl pairs on the landscape. These results demonstrate that ARUs can effectively detect Northern Spotted Owls when they are present, even in a landscape with high Barred Owl density, thereby facilitating the use of passive, occupancy-based study designs to monitor Northern Spotted Owl populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/duaa017","usgsCitation":"Duchac, L.S., Lesmeister, D., Dugger, K.M., Ruff, Z.J., and Davis, R.J., 2020, Passive acoustic monitoring effectively detects Northern Spotted Owls and Barred Owls over a range of forest conditions: Condor, v. 122, no. 3, duaa017, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa017.","productDescription":"duaa017, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113895","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duaa017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains, Olympic Peninsula, Oregon Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.51904296875,\n 47.24194882163242\n ],\n [\n -122.838134765625,\n 47.24194882163242\n ],\n [\n -122.838134765625,\n 48.23199134320962\n ],\n [\n -124.51904296875,\n 48.23199134320962\n ],\n [\n -124.51904296875,\n 47.24194882163242\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.12353515624999,\n 43.731414013769\n ],\n [\n -123.321533203125,\n 43.731414013769\n ],\n [\n -123.321533203125,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -124.12353515624999,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -124.12353515624999,\n 43.731414013769\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.64013671874999,\n 42.415346114253616\n ],\n [\n -122.64038085937499,\n 42.415346114253616\n ],\n [\n -122.64038085937499,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -123.64013671874999,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -123.64013671874999,\n 42.415346114253616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duchac, Leila S.","contributorId":279674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duchac","given":"Leila","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesmeister, Damon B.","contributorId":279675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesmeister","given":"Damon B.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":36037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":835344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruff, Zachary J.","contributorId":279676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, Raymond J.","contributorId":279677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70214522,"text":"70214522 - 2020 - Low oxygen: A (tough) way of life for Okavango fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-30T14:36:09.157583","indexId":"70214522","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-30T09:31:24","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low oxygen: A (tough) way of life for Okavango fishes","docAbstract":"Botswana’s Okavango Delta is a World Heritage Site and biodiverse wilderness. In 2016–2018, following arrival of the annual flood of rainwater from Angola’s highlands, and using continuous oxygen logging, we documented profound aquatic hypoxia that persisted for 3.5 to 5 months in the river channel. Within these periods, dissolved oxygen rarely exceeded 3 mg/L and dropped below 0.5 mg/L for up to two weeks at a time. Although these dissolved oxygen levels are low enough to qualify parts of the Delta as a dead zone, the region is a biodiversity hotspot, raising the question of how fish survive. In association with the hypoxia, histological samples, collected from native Oreochromis andersonii (threespot tilapia), Coptodon rendalli (redbreast tilapia), and Oreochromis macrochir (greenhead tilapia), exhibited widespread hepatic and splenic inflammation with marked granulocyte infiltration, melanomacrophage aggregates, and ceroid and hemosiderin accumulations. It is likely that direct tissue hypoxia and polycythemia-related iron deposition caused this pathology. We propose that Okavango cichlids respond to extended natural hypoxia by increasing erythrocyte production, but with significant health costs. Our findings highlight seasonal hypoxia as an important recurring stressor, which may limit fishery resilience in the Okavango as concurrent human impacts rise. Moreover, they illustrate how fish might respond to hypoxia elsewhere in the world, where dead zones are becoming more common.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0235667","usgsCitation":"Edwards, T.M., Mosie, I.J., Moore, B.C., Lobjoit, G., Schiavone, K., Bachman, R.E., and Murray-Hudson, M., 2020, Low oxygen: A (tough) way of life for Okavango fishes: PLoS ONE, v. 15, no. 7, e0235667, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235667.","productDescription":"e0235667, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108304","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235667","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Botswana","otherGeospatial":"Okavango Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 21.082763671875,\n -20.184879384574092\n ],\n [\n 24.114990234374996,\n -20.184879384574092\n ],\n [\n 24.114990234374996,\n -18.323240460443387\n ],\n [\n 21.082763671875,\n -18.323240460443387\n ],\n [\n 21.082763671875,\n -20.184879384574092\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Thea M. 0000-0002-6176-2872","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6176-2872","contributorId":241635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thea","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mosie, Ineelo J.","contributorId":241637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosie","given":"Ineelo","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":48375,"text":"Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Maun, Botswana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Brandon C.","contributorId":241638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":48377,"text":"University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lobjoit, Guy","contributorId":241639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lobjoit","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48378,"text":"Guma Lagoon Camp, Etsha 13, Botswana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schiavone, Kelsie","contributorId":241640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schiavone","given":"Kelsie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48377,"text":"University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bachman, Robert E.","contributorId":241641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":48377,"text":"University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Murray-Hudson, Mike","contributorId":241642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray-Hudson","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48375,"text":"Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Maun, Botswana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70228654,"text":"70228654 - 2020 - The role of phosphorus and nitrogen on chlorophyll a: Evidence from hundreds of lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-16T15:29:53.80312","indexId":"70228654","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-27T09:26:58","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The role of phosphorus and nitrogen on chlorophyll a: Evidence from hundreds of lakes","title":"The role of phosphorus and nitrogen on chlorophyll a: Evidence from hundreds of lakes","docAbstract":"The effect of nutrients on phytoplankton biomass in lakes continues to be a subject of debate by aquatic scientists. However, determining whether or not chlorophyll a (CHL) is limited by phosphorus (P) and/or nitrogen (N) is rarely considered using a probabilistic method in studies of hundreds of lakes across broad spatial extents. Several studies have applied a unified CHL-nutrient relationship to determine nutrient limitation, but pose a risk of ecological fallacy because they neglect spatial heterogeneity in ecological contexts. To examine whether or not CHL is limited by P, N, or both nutrients in hundreds of lakes and across diverse ecological settings, a probabilistic machine learning method, Bayesian Network, was applied. Spatial heterogeneity in ecological context was accommodated by the probabilistic nature of the results. We analyzed data from 1382 lakes in 17 US states to evaluate the cause-effect relationships between CHL and nutrients. Observations of CHL, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) were discretized into three trophic states (oligo-mesotrophic, eutrophic, and hypereutrophic) to train the model. We found that although both nutrients were related to CHL trophic state, TP was more related to CHL than TN, especially under oligo-mesotrophic and eutrophic CHL conditions. However, when the CHL trophic state was hypereutrophic, both TP and TN were important. These results provide additional evidence that P-limitation is more likely under oligo-mesotrophic or eutrophic CHL conditions and that co-limitation of P and N occurs under hypereutrophic CHL conditions. We also found a decreasing pattern of the TN/TP ratio with increasing CHL concentrations, which might be a key driver for the role change of nutrients. Previous work performed at smaller scales support our findings, indicating potential for extension of our findings to other regions. Our findings enhance the understanding of nutrient limitation at macroscales and revealed that the current debate on the limiting nutrient might be caused by failure to consider CHL trophic state. Our findings also provide prior information for the site-specific eutrophication management of unsampled or data-limited lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2020.116236","usgsCitation":"Liang, Z., Soranno, P., and Wagner, T., 2020, The role of phosphorus and nitrogen on chlorophyll a: Evidence from hundreds of lakes: Water Research, v. 185, 116236, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116236.","productDescription":"116236, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113421","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116236","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"185","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liang, Zhongyao","contributorId":279427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liang","given":"Zhongyao","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soranno, Patricia A.","contributorId":279428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soranno","given":"Patricia A.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70214087,"text":"70214087 - 2020 - Large-scale erosion driven by intertidal eelgrass loss in an estuarine environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-22T15:32:24.395834","indexId":"70214087","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-26T10:25:48","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale erosion driven by intertidal eelgrass loss in an estuarine environment","docAbstract":"Seagrasses influence local hydrodynamics by inducing drag on the flow and dampening near-bed velocities and wave energy. When seagrasses are lost, near-bed currents and wave energy can increase, which enhances bottom shear stresses, destabilizes sediment, and promotes suspension and erosion. Though seagrasses are being lost rapidly globally, the magnitude of change in sediment stabilization following ecosystem-wide eelgrass loss has rarely been measured. In this study, we explored the geomorphological changes associated with an unprecedented estuary-wide collapse of a seagrass (eelgrass, Zostera marina) in Morro Bay, CA, USA. Morro Bay has historically suffered from accelerated sedimentation and accretion. However, following massive eelgrass loss since 2010, over 90% of locations that previously had eelgrass experienced erosion. Elevation losses (erosion) reached 0.50 m in some places (mean loss of 0.10 m) with as much as a 50% decrease (median decrease of 13.6%) in elevation (i.e., increase in depth) compared to pre-decline levels. In comparison, the mouth of the estuary, where eelgrass was largely retained, had only 27.7% of the locations with prior eelgrass experiencing erosion and underwent a mean elevation increase (accretion) of 0.32 m. Thus, the loss of eelgrass appears to have altered dynamics at the seabed and transitioned large regions of the estuary from an environment that promotes deposition and accretion to one that promotes suspension and erosion. Large-scale erosion following seagrass loss may be predictive of future shoreline and coastal habitat changes and is likely to be exacerbated by increased storm surge and sea level rise expected with climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106910","usgsCitation":"Walter, R.K., O’Leary, J.K., Vitousek, S., Taherkhani, M., Geraghty, C., and Kitajima, A., 2020, Large-scale erosion driven by intertidal eelgrass loss in an estuarine environment: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 243, 106910, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106910.","productDescription":"106910, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120131","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106910","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Morro Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.87329864501952,\n 35.306160014550784\n ],\n [\n -120.81287384033205,\n 35.306160014550784\n ],\n [\n -120.81287384033205,\n 35.38121266833199\n ],\n [\n -120.87329864501952,\n 35.38121266833199\n ],\n [\n -120.87329864501952,\n 35.306160014550784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"243","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, Ryan K.","contributorId":241045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16725,"text":"California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Leary, Jenifer K.","contributorId":241046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Jenifer","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":48194,"text":"California Sea Grant, San Luis Obispo; Wildlife Conservation Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vitousek, Sean 0000-0002-3369-4673 svitousek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-4673","contributorId":149065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"Sean","email":"svitousek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taherkhani, Mohsen","contributorId":223951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taherkhani","given":"Mohsen","affiliations":[{"id":18137,"text":"University of Illinois at Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geraghty, Carolyn","contributorId":241048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geraghty","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48196,"text":"Morro Bay National Estuary Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kitajima, Ann","contributorId":241049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kitajima","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48196,"text":"Morro Bay National Estuary Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70211347,"text":"70211347 - 2020 - Influence of soil microbiota on Taxodium distichum seedling performance during extreme flooding events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-26T19:28:34.203307","indexId":"70211347","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-22T11:52:19","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Influence of soil microbiota on Taxodium distichum seedling performance during extreme flooding events","title":"Influence of soil microbiota on Taxodium distichum seedling performance during extreme flooding events","docAbstract":"Plant associations with soil microbiota can modulate tree seedling growth and survival via mutualistic or antagonistic interactions. It is uncertain, however, whether soil microbiota influence seedling growth of coastal trees when exposed to extreme flooding regimes. We evaluated the role of soil microbes in promoting baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) seedling performance under different inundation scenarios and determined the influence of flooding on the colonization of in planta beneficial microbes. Seedlings reared in sterile and non-sterile soil were exposed to three different flooding regimes historically experienced in Louisiana swamps. Seedling growth was assessed, and the colonization by beneficial symbionts such as arbuscular mycorrizhal fungi (AMF), and dark septate endophytes (DSE) was evaluated in harvested roots. Seedlings grown in sterile soil had six times higher growth than seedlings reared in non-sterile soil. As a result, we evaluated pathogen load in the roots by assessing oomycete colonization. Flooding influenced the in planta colonization of DSE and oomycetes, but did not affect the colonization of mutualist AMF fungi. DSE and oomycetes were rarer in flooded conditions, while AMF remained abundant. Seedling biomass production was not correlated with in planta fungal colonization or pathogen load. Soil microbiota can negatively influence baldcypress seedling growth, and no growth benefit was evidenced from the root colonization of mutualist fungi. Flooding can modify baldcypress-fungal interactions by diminishing colonization of DSE. Overall, baldycpress seedlings were more sensitive to the presence of microbiota than flooding, and thus restoration efforts should focus on having a better understanding of plant–microbe interactions in swamps.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11258-020-01059-4","usgsCitation":"Torres-Martinez, L., Sanchez-Julia, M., Kimbrough, E., Hendrix, T., Hendrix, M., Day, R.H., Krauss, K.W., and Van Bael, S.A., 2020, Influence of soil microbiota on Taxodium distichum seedling performance during extreme flooding events: Plant Ecology, v. 221, p. 773-793, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-020-01059-4.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"773","endPage":"793","ipdsId":"IP-101293","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Bayou Chevreuil","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.75153350830078,\n 29.881136828132842\n ],\n [\n -90.5990982055664,\n 29.881136828132842\n ],\n [\n -90.5990982055664,\n 29.912090918781505\n ],\n [\n -90.75153350830078,\n 29.912090918781505\n ],\n [\n -90.75153350830078,\n 29.881136828132842\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"221","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres-Martinez, Lorena 0000-0002-0903-8633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-8633","contributorId":229687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres-Martinez","given":"Lorena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13500,"text":"Tulane University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanchez-Julia, Mareli","contributorId":229688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanchez-Julia","given":"Mareli","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13500,"text":"Tulane University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimbrough, Elizabeth 0000-0002-4007-6304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-6304","contributorId":228831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13500,"text":"Tulane University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hendrix, Trey","contributorId":229689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrix","given":"Trey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13500,"text":"Tulane University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hendrix, Miranda","contributorId":229690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrix","given":"Miranda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13500,"text":"Tulane University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Day, Richard H. 0000-0002-5959-7054 dayr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-7054","contributorId":2427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Richard","email":"dayr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Van Bael, Sunshine A 0000-0001-7317-3533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-3533","contributorId":228832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Bael","given":"Sunshine","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":13500,"text":"Tulane University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70213317,"text":"70213317 - 2020 - Rediscovery of the horseshoe shrimp Lightiella serendipita Jones, 1961 (Cephalocarida: Hutchinsoniellidae) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, with a key to the worldwide species of Cephalocarida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T15:45:57.282329","indexId":"70213317","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-22T10:39:51","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2235,"text":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Rediscovery of the horseshoe shrimp Lightiella serendipita Jones, 1961 (Cephalocarida: Hutchinsoniellidae) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, with a key to the worldwide species of Cephalocarida","title":"Rediscovery of the horseshoe shrimp Lightiella serendipita Jones, 1961 (Cephalocarida: Hutchinsoniellidae) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, with a key to the worldwide species of Cephalocarida","docAbstract":"Lightiella serendipitaJones, 1961 was first discovered in San Francisco Bay, California in 1953, but it had not been observed since 1988. In 2017, a total of 13 adult L. serendipita specimens were found as part of a study in central San Francisco Bay, nearly doubling the total number of specimens ever collected. We measured vertical distribution of macroinvertebrates and environmental variables, including grain size and chemical composition of sediment samples, to evaluate potential features associated with the habitat of the species. Specimens were generally found in sediments with low organic matter (1.7–3%), high sulfate concentrations (594.6–647 ppm SO4), fine grain size (12.8–36.2% sand, 35.6–58% silt, 22.8–37.6% clay) and were mostly found in deep core sections (4–10 cm). Specimens were also consistently observed in cores containing tube-forming Polychaeta (i.e., Sabaco elongatus (Verrill, 1873) and Capitellidae), suggesting L. serendipita may have a commensal relationship with sedentary polychaetes, as do other cephalocaridans such as Lightiella incisaGooding, 1963. We provide a scanning electron micrograph of L. serendipita and the first complete key to the species in class Cephalocarida to help elucidate the taxonomy of this rare crustacean taxon. The perceived absence of L. serendipita in previous surveys of the Bay may be attributable to its rarity; however, additional research is needed to fully understand habitat requirements and population size of this unique endemic species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa044","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C., Woo, I., Rogers, D.C., Flanagan, A.M., and De La Cruz, S.E., 2020, Rediscovery of the horseshoe shrimp Lightiella serendipita Jones, 1961 (Cephalocarida: Hutchinsoniellidae) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, with a key to the worldwide species of Cephalocarida: Journal of Crustacean Biology, v. 40, no. 5, p. 600-606, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa044.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"606","ipdsId":"IP-118484","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa044","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.04711914062499,\n 37.55328764595765\n ],\n [\n -122.2174072265625,\n 37.74248523826606\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 37.801103690609615\n ],\n [\n -122.31628417968749,\n 37.91170058826019\n ],\n [\n -122.40966796874999,\n 37.94203148678865\n ],\n [\n -122.5140380859375,\n 37.94636345087475\n ],\n [\n -122.508544921875,\n 37.89002800137122\n ],\n [\n -122.464599609375,\n 37.81629348024509\n ],\n [\n -122.3712158203125,\n 37.80544394934271\n ],\n [\n -122.37396240234375,\n 37.76637243960179\n ],\n [\n -122.3822021484375,\n 37.659906493259385\n ],\n [\n -122.35198974609375,\n 37.58594229860422\n ],\n [\n -122.200927734375,\n 37.53150992479082\n ],\n [\n -122.15698242187499,\n 37.49883141715704\n ],\n [\n -122.04711914062499,\n 37.55328764595765\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Crystal 0000-0002-9425-7573","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9425-7573","contributorId":240868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Crystal","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48152,"text":"Former USGS, Current affiliation: ICF International Inc., 2600 Hilltop Dr. Suite C137, Richmond, CA 94086, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woo, Isa 0000-0002-8447-9236 iwoo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-9236","contributorId":2524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"Isa","email":"iwoo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, D. Christopher","contributorId":190496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flanagan, Alison M 0000-0002-1769-1536","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-1536","contributorId":240869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":48155,"text":"Former USGS WERC, Current affiliation: Department of Recovery Ecology, Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, CA 92027, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"De La Cruz, Susan E.W. 0000-0001-6315-0864","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-0864","contributorId":202774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La Cruz","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70227118,"text":"70227118 - 2020 - Breeding biology of the Mountain Wren-Babbler (Gypsophila crassus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T15:55:53.909241","indexId":"70227118","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-22T09:53:23","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Breeding biology of the Mountain Wren-Babbler (Gypsophila crassus)","title":"Breeding biology of the Mountain Wren-Babbler (Gypsophila crassus)","docAbstract":"Life history theory in ornithology has been mostly based on temperate birds in part because a relative paucity of biological data has been described for tropical species. Expanding our knowledge about life histories of tropical birds can help us to better understand global trends in life history strategies. To aid in this endeavor, we studied Mountain Wren-Babblers (Gypsophila crassus) breeding in Malaysian Borneo from 2009 to 2017. Relatively small (mean = 28.8 g), dark brown birds, they were cooperative breeders and foraged and cared for the nest in groups of typically 4 or 5 birds. We located 145 nests, which were globular and partially domed (91.8 mm mean opening height accounted for half of 180.7 mm total mean nest height), constructed from fern fronds on the outside and dead leaves on the inside, and most often placed on banks. Brooding attentiveness decreased with nestling age and was rare after day 7 once they began growing their primary feathers. Provisioning rate slightly increased with nestling age. Nestling growth rate constants were typical of many tropical birds, asymptoting a few days prior to fledging. Predation accounted for nearly all nest failures (87 of 88), with a daily nest predation rate for the total nesting period of 0.056 and nest success decreasing with elevation. Daily predation rate was highest during lay (0.117) and lowest during incubation (0.046). We compared these results with related species to identify potential explanations for the trends we described. The most notable result from these comparisons was that Mountain Wren-Babblers have a long incubation period (23.5 d) and adults only incubate for a small part of the day. This anomalous behavior emphasizes the importance of understanding the great variation in tropical life history strategies to ultimately improve life history theory.
The status of species in freshwater systems shift over time due to natural and anthropogenic causes. Determining the magnitude and cause of these shifts requires a long-term perspective. This process is complicated when there are also questions about the taxonomic validity of a species. Addressing these issues is important because both can undermine conservation and management efforts if incorrect. Pleurobema riddellii, Louisiana Pigtoe, is under review for protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, but its status in the Trinity River basin, where the taxon was described, remains in doubt due to questions about its taxonomy and occurrence within this basin. To address these questions, we compared shell morphometrics of P. riddellii dating to the late Holocene with modern P. riddellii, late Holocene Fusconaia sp., and modern Fusconaia sp. using multivariate analyses to test associations between the putative morphotypes. Based on these analyses, we demonstrate that P. riddellii was likely present in the Trinity during the late Holocene, which indicates questions about its taxonomic validity or presence in this basin are unfounded. Our study further highlights the role zooarchaeological studies can play in status assessments and their utility in better understanding biogeographic patterns for rare species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/csp2.253","usgsCitation":"Randklev, C.R., Wolverton, S., Johnson, N., Smith, C.H., DuBose, T., Robertson, C., and Conley, J., 2020, The utility of zooarchaeological data to guide listing efforts for an imperiled mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Pleurobema riddellii): Conservation Science and Practice, v. 2, no. 9, e253, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.253.","productDescription":"e253, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113751","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455913,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.253","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376664,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 31.090574094954192\n ],\n [\n -94.39453125,\n 31.090574094954192\n ],\n [\n -94.39453125,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 31.090574094954192\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randklev, Charles R.","contributorId":202530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randklev","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36313,"text":"Texas A&M","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolverton, Steve","contributorId":229617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolverton","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34637,"text":"University of North Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Nathan A. 0000-0001-5167-1988","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-1988","contributorId":218986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nathan A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Chase H. 0000-0002-1499-0311","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1499-0311","contributorId":225140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Chase","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13716,"text":"Baylor University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DuBose, Traci","contributorId":229618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DuBose","given":"Traci","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robertson, Clint","contributorId":206217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Clint","affiliations":[{"id":37288,"text":"Texas Parks and Wildife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conley, Julian","contributorId":229619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conley","given":"Julian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41695,"text":"Eastern Tennessee State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70212518,"text":"70212518 - 2020 - Pseudo-prospective evaluation of UCERF3-ETAS forecasts during the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-21T12:43:01.899716","indexId":"70212518","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-21T12:55:30","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pseudo-prospective evaluation of UCERF3-ETAS forecasts during the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence","docAbstract":"The 2019 Ridgecrest sequence provides the first opportunity to evaluate Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast v.3 with epidemic‐type aftershock sequences (UCERF3‐ETAS) in a pseudoprospective sense. For comparison, we include a version of the model without explicit faults more closely mimicking traditional ETAS models (UCERF3‐NoFaults). We evaluate the forecasts with new metrics developed within the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP). The metrics consider synthetic catalogs simulated by the models rather than synoptic probability maps, thereby relaxing the Poisson assumption of previous CSEP tests. Our approach compares statistics from the synthetic catalogs directly against observations, providing a flexible approach that can account for dependencies and uncertainties encoded in the models. We find that, to the first order, both UCERF3‐ETAS and UCERF3‐NoFaults approximately capture the spatiotemporal evolution of the Ridgecrest sequence, adding to the growing body of evidence that ETAS models can be informative forecasting tools. However, we also find that both models mildly overpredict the seismicity rate, on average, aggregated over the evaluation period. More severe testing indicates the overpredictions occur too often for observations to be statistically indistinguishable from the model. Magnitude tests indicate that the models do not include enough variability in forecasted magnitude‐number distributions to match the data. Spatial tests highlight discrepancies between the forecasts and observations, but the greatest differences between the two models appear when aftershocks occur on modeled UCERF3‐ETAS faults. Therefore, any predictability associated with embedding earthquake triggering on the (modeled) fault network may only crystalize during the presumably rare sequences with aftershocks on these faults. Accounting for uncertainty in the model parameters could improve test results during future experiments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200026","usgsCitation":"Savran, W.J., Werner, M.J., Marzocchi, W., Rhoades, D.A., Jackson, D., Milner, K.R., Field, E., and Michael, A.J., 2020, Pseudo-prospective evaluation of UCERF3-ETAS forecasts during the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 110, no. 4, p. 1799-1817, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200026.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1799","endPage":"1817","ipdsId":"IP-119947","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/df68ca9c-ddc4-4173-90ae-2483322e4b51","text":"External Repository"},{"id":377692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Ridgecrest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.32275390624999,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -117.1636962890625,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -117.1636962890625,\n 36.02244668175846\n ],\n [\n -118.32275390624999,\n 36.02244668175846\n ],\n [\n -118.32275390624999,\n 35.24561909420681\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savran, William J.","contributorId":238831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savran","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":47795,"text":"USC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werner, Maximillian J.","contributorId":211807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Maximillian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38325,"text":"University of Bristol, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marzocchi, W.","contributorId":238499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marzocchi","given":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":47714,"text":"University of Naples","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rhoades, David A.","contributorId":238832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhoades","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":47796,"text":"GNS, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, David D.","contributorId":238833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"David D.","affiliations":[{"id":47797,"text":"University of California at Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Milner, Kevin R.","contributorId":194141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milner","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":1165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward H.","email":"field@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":796661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70211361,"text":"70211361 - 2020 - Characterization of the unconventional Tuscaloosa marine shale reservoir in southwestern Mississippi, USA: Insights from optical and SEM petrography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-28T17:54:08.531487","indexId":"70211361","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-18T12:29:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the unconventional Tuscaloosa marine shale reservoir in southwestern Mississippi, USA: Insights from optical and SEM petrography","docAbstract":"This study presents new optical petrography and electron microscopy data, interpreted in the context of previously published petrophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data, to further characterize the Tuscaloosa marine shale (TMS) as an unconventional reservoir in southwestern Mississippi. The basal high resistivity zone has a higher proportion of Type II sedimentary organic matter than the overlying TMS, indicating it is more prone to oil generation. Optical petrography and electron microscopy reveal a heterogeneous clay matrix with ubiquitous pyrite grains, quartz, feldspar, glaucony, foraminifera, shell fragments, and rarer occurrences of apatite and crinoid fragments as well as liptinite, alginite, inertinite, and vitrinite. Our petrographic observations suggest that higher abundances of detrital quartz grains coupled with minimal authigenic cements result in higher porosity and permeability. However, the TMS is also more clay-rich than other unconventional shale oil and gas plays, which can impair the effectiveness of hydraulic fracture stimulation. Thin section observations reveal alternating clay and calcium carbonate laminae that are interpreted to reflect changes in sediment flux. Planktonic foraminifera indicate an overlying oxygenated water column while benthic inoceramid fragments and pervasive authigenic pyrite suggest anoxic or dysoxic bottom water conditions. Apatite fragments in thin section suggest mixing events and an influx of nutrient-rich sediments. Overall, these observations suggest that a variety of paleodepositional environments occurred in the TMS and the lithofacies diversity resulting from these small-scale depositional cycles makes it difficult to determinatively identify areas conducive to enhanced economic hydrocarbon recovery.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104580","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Lohr, C., Valentine, B.J., Hackley, P.C., and Dulong, F.T., 2020, Characterization of the unconventional Tuscaloosa marine shale reservoir in southwestern Mississippi, USA: Insights from optical and SEM petrography: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 121, 104580, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104580.","productDescription":"104580, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112257","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104580","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi, Lousianna","otherGeospatial":"Southwestern Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -88.41796875,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dulong, Frank T. 0000-0001-7388-647X fdulong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-647X","contributorId":650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"Frank","email":"fdulong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211016,"text":"70211016 - 2020 - An updated genetic marker for detection of Lake Sinai Virus and metagenetic applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-17T16:11:40.285032","indexId":"70211016","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-17T10:52:10","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An updated genetic marker for detection of Lake Sinai Virus and metagenetic applications","docAbstract":"Lake Sinai Viruses (LSV) are common RNA viruses of honey bees (Apis mellifera) that frequently reach high abundance but are not linked to overt disease. LSVs are genetically heterogeneous and collectively widespread, but despite frequent detection in surveys, the ecological and geographic factors structuring their distribution in A. mellifera are not understood. Even less is known about their distribution in other species. Better understanding of LSV prevalence and ecology have been hampered by high sequence diversity within the LSV clade.
Here we report a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that is compatible with currently known lineages with minimal primer degeneracy, producing an expected 365 bp amplicon suitable for end-point PCR and metagenetic sequencing. Using the Illumina MiSeq platform, we performed pilot metagenetic assessments of three sample sets, each representing a distinct variable that might structure LSV diversity (geography, tissue, and species).
The first sample set in our pilot assessment compared cDNA pools from managed A. mellifera hives in California (n = 8) and Maryland (n = 6) that had previously been evaluated for LSV2, confirming that the primers co-amplify divergent lineages in real-world samples. The second sample set included cDNA pools derived from different tissues (thorax vs. abdomen, n = 24 paired samples), collected from managed A. mellifera hives in North Dakota. End-point detection of LSV frequently differed between the two tissue types; LSV metagenetic composition was similar in one pair of sequenced samples but divergent in a second pair. Overall, LSV1 and intermediate lineages were common in these samples whereas variants clustering with LSV2 were rare. The third sample set included cDNA from individual pollinator specimens collected from diverse landscapes in the vicinity of Lincoln, Nebraska. We detected LSV in the bee Halictus ligatus (four of 63 specimens tested, 6.3%) at a similar rate as A. mellifera (nine of 115 specimens, 7.8%), but only one H. ligatus sequencing library yielded sufficient data for compositional analysis. Sequenced samples often contained multiple divergent LSV lineages, including individual specimens. While these studies were exploratory rather than statistically powerful tests of hypotheses, they illustrate the utility of high-throughput sequencing for understanding LSV transmission within and among species.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.9424","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, D.D., Wu-Smart, J.Y., Olgun, T., Smart, A.H., Otto, C., Lopez, D., Evans, J.D., and Cornman, R.S., 2020, An updated genetic marker for detection of Lake Sinai Virus and metagenetic applications: PeerJ, v. 8, e9424, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9424.","productDescription":"e9424, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117458","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9424","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O9ZMA1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genetic detection of Lake Sinai Virus in honey bees (Apis mellifera) and other insects"},{"id":436870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O9ZMA1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genetic detection of Lake Sinai Virus in honey bees (Apis mellifera) and other insects"},{"id":376462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Maryland, Nebraska","county":"San Joaquin County","city":"Beltsville, Lincoln","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 37.22595454983972\n ],\n [\n -120.30578613281251,\n 37.22595454983972\n ],\n [\n -120.30578613281251,\n 38.10430528370985\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 38.10430528370985\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 37.22595454983972\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.3663330078125,\n 40.41767833585549\n ],\n [\n -96.26220703125,\n 40.41767833585549\n ],\n [\n -96.26220703125,\n 41.09591205639546\n ],\n [\n -97.3663330078125,\n 41.09591205639546\n ],\n [\n -97.3663330078125,\n 40.41767833585549\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.93244934082031,\n 39.00050945751261\n ],\n [\n -76.85434341430664,\n 39.00050945751261\n ],\n [\n -76.85434341430664,\n 39.05745045192533\n ],\n [\n -76.93244934082031,\n 39.05745045192533\n ],\n [\n -76.93244934082031,\n 39.00050945751261\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwanowicz, Deborah D. 0000-0002-9613-8594 diwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-8594","contributorId":2253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Deborah","email":"diwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu-Smart, Judy Y.","contributorId":228876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu-Smart","given":"Judy","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":16610,"text":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olgun, Tugce","contributorId":228877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olgun","given":"Tugce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16610,"text":"University of 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70262551,"text":"70262551 - 2020 - A GT-seq panel for walleye (Sander vitreus) provides important insights for efficient development and implementation of amplicon panels in non-model organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-23T17:56:36.098172","indexId":"70262551","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-15T11:52:02","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2776,"text":"Molecular Ecology Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A GT-seq panel for walleye (Sander vitreus) provides important insights for efficient development and implementation of amplicon panels in non-model organisms","docAbstract":"Targeted amplicon sequencing methods, such as genotyping-in-thousands by sequencing (GT-seq), facilitate rapid, accurate, and cost-effective analysis of hundreds of genetic loci in thousands of individuals. Development of GT-seq panels is nontrivial, but studies describing trade-offs associated with different steps of GT-seq panel development are rare. Here, we construct a dual-purpose GT-seq panel for walleye (Sander vitreus), discuss trade-offs associated with different development and genotyping approaches, and provide suggestions for researchers constructing their own GT-seq panels. Our GT-seq panel was developed using an ascertainment set consisting of restriction site-associated DNA data from 954 individuals sampled from 23 populations in Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA. We conducted simulations to test the utility of all loci for parentage analysis and genetic stock identification and designed 600 primer pairs to maximize joint accuracy for these analyses. We then performed three rounds of primer optimization to remove loci that overamplified and our final panel consisted of 436 loci. We also explored different approaches for DNA extraction, multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and cleanup steps during the GT-seq process and discovered the following: (i) inexpensive Chelex extractions performed well for genotyping; (ii) the exonuclease I and shrimp alkaline phosphatase (ExoSAP) procedure included in some current protocols did not improve results substantially and was probably unnecessary; and (iii) it was possible to PCR amplify panels separately and combine them prior to adapter ligation. Well-optimized GT-seq panels are valuable resources for conservation genetics and our findings and suggestions should aid in their construction in myriad taxa.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1755-0998.13226","usgsCitation":"Bootsma, M., Gruenthal, K., McKinney, G., Simmons, L., Miller, L., Sass, G., and Larson, W., 2020, A GT-seq panel for walleye (Sander vitreus) provides important insights for efficient development and implementation of amplicon panels in non-model organisms: Molecular Ecology Resources, v. 20, no. 6, p. 1706-1722, https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13226.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1706","endPage":"1722","ipdsId":"IP-115320","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.13.948331","text":"External Repository"},{"id":481021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, 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Wesley 0000-0003-4473-3401 wlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-3401","contributorId":199509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Wesley","email":"wlarson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70210929,"text":"ofr20201037 - 2020 - Forage and habitat for pollinators in the northern Great Plains—Implications for U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:46:39.232889","indexId":"ofr20201037","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-09T16:49:42","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1037","displayTitle":"Forage and Habitat for Pollinators in the Northern Great Plains—Implications for U.S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Programs","title":"Forage and habitat for pollinators in the northern Great Plains—Implications for U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation programs","docAbstract":"Managed and wild pollinators are critical components of agricultural and natural systems. Despite the well-known value of insect pollinators to U.S. agriculture, Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758; honey bees) and wild bees currently face numerous stressors that have resulted in declining health. These declines have engendered support for pollinator conservation efforts across all levels of government, private businesses, and nongovernmental organizations. In 2014, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Geological Survey initiated an interagency agreement to evaluate honey bee forage across multiple States in the northern Great Plains and upper Midwest. The long-term goal of this study was to provide an empirical evaluation of floral resources used by honey bees, and the relative contribution of multiple land covers and USDA conservation programs to bee health and productivity. Our multi-State analysis of land-use change from 2006 to 2016 revealed loss of grassland and increases in corn and soybean area in North and South Dakota, representing a significant loss of bee-friendly land covers in areas that support the highest density of summer bee yards in the entire United States. Our landscape models demonstrate the importance of the Conservation Reserve Program in providing safe locations for beekeepers to keep honey bees during the summer and highlights how land use in the northern Great Plains has a lasting effect on the health of honey bee colonies during almond pollination the subsequent spring. Our multiseason, multi-State genetic analysis of honey bee-collected pollen revealed Melilotus spp., Asteraceae, Trifolium spp., Fabaceae, Sonchus arvensis, Symphyotrichum cordifolium, and Solidago spp. were the top taxa detected; Melilotus spp. represented 42 percent of all detected taxa. Symphyotrichum cordifolium, Solidago spp., and Grindelia spp. were the top native forbs detected in honey bee-collected pollen. We also conducted plant and bee surveys on private lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program and Environmental Quality Incentives Program. In general, we found significant variability in floral resources and pollinator utilization across USDA programs and practices. On average, greater than 75 percent of honey bee flower observations on private lands enrolled in a USDA conservation program were on non-native forbs, whereas 33 percent of wild bee flower observations were on non-native forbs. Melilotus officinalis and Medicago sativa were the most visited by honey bees, wherease Medicago sativa and Helianthus maximiliani were the most visited by wild bees. Our analysis of nectar dearth periods in June and September for honey bees revealed that although Melilotus officinalis and Medicago sativa were highly visited, less common native forb species such as Ratibida columnifera, Agastache foeniculum, and Gaillardia aristata were preferred species. However, these preferred species were relatively rare on the landscape and are, therefore, unlikely to make up a sizable part of the honey bee diet. In addition to our empirical results, we also showcase how the U.S. Geological Survey Pollinator Library, a decision-support tool for natural resource managers, can be used to design cost-effective seeding mixes for pollinators. Collectively, the results of this research will assist USDA with maximizing the ecological impact and cost-effectiveness of their conservation programs on pollinators in the northern Great Plains.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Otto, C.R.V., Smart, A., Cornman, R.S., Simanonok, M., and Iwanowicz, D.D., 2020, Forage and habitat for pollinators in the northern Great Plains—Implications for U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation programs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1037, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201037.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 64 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-114029","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science 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U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
We studied the ecological health of springs experiencing varying levels of urban development to assess impacts to rare endemic salamanders (Eurycea spp.) of Central Texas. We evaluated measures of invertebrate species richness, water quality, and contaminant uptake by salamanders to determine how springs and their inhabitants were being affected by urban growth and changing land-use patterns. The number of environmental contaminants present and concentrations of contaminants increased in both water and salamander tissues with increasing age of the developments (i.e., years postconstruction) and increasing levels of impervious cover (e.g., roads) in urban watersheds compared with nondeveloped sites. We conclude that urbanization and associated increases in pollutant loading in watersheds can result in a loss of spring biodiversity and the accumulation of persistent and potentially toxic pollutants in salamanders. Although we detected generally low levels of pollutants, the altered water quality and invertebrate composition observed at springs, coupled with the changing hydrology and chronic contaminant exposure inherent in urban landscapes, is cause for concern, with potential implications for the long-term health, survival, and recovery of salamanders.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.3996/032018-JFWM-017","usgsCitation":"Diaz, P.H., Orsak, E.L., Weckerly, F.W., Montagne, M.A., and Alvarez, D.A., 2020, Urban stream syndrome and contaminant uptake in salamanders of Central Texas: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 11, no. 1, p. 287-299, https://doi.org/10.3996/032018-JFWM-017.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"299","ipdsId":"IP-096191","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/032018-jfwm-017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bell County, Travis County, Williamson County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-97.4214,31.3225],[-97.3404,31.2433],[-97.2901,31.2737],[-97.2781,31.2793],[-97.0712,30.988],[-97.2646,30.8874],[-97.3169,30.7547],[-97.2717,30.7367],[-97.1621,30.4609],[-97.1601,30.4572],[-97.3379,30.4031],[-97.3557,30.4122],[-97.3703,30.4189],[-97.44,30.2915],[-97.4657,30.2473],[-97.4881,30.2071],[-97.6332,30.0862],[-97.6526,30.0711],[-97.7131,30.0229],[-98.1732,30.356],[-98.1256,30.4257],[-98.0972,30.4674],[-98.0959,30.4965],[-98.1032,30.4949],[-98.1073,30.4915],[-98.1121,30.4869],[-98.1228,30.4854],[-98.0538,30.6243],[-97.9639,30.7795],[-97.8284,30.9104],[-97.9104,31.0372],[-97.9135,31.0646],[-97.9091,31.0673],[-97.875,31.0854],[-97.5732,31.2432],[-97.4214,31.3225]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bell\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diaz, Peter H.","contributorId":228789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diaz","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":41508,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Texas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, San Marcos, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orsak, Erik L.","contributorId":228790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orsak","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":41509,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Field Office, Arlington, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weckerly, Floyd W.","contributorId":10298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weckerly","given":"Floyd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6960,"text":"Department of Biology, Texas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montagne, Mike A.","contributorId":228791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montagne","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":41508,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Texas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, San Marcos, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alvarez, David A. 0000-0002-6918-2709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-2709","contributorId":220763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70227732,"text":"70227732 - 2020 - The abundance of Greater Sage-Grouse as a proxy for the abundance of sagebrush-associated songbirds in Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-27T16:02:26.358497","indexId":"70227732","displayToPublicDate":"2020-06-30T09:57:25","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":947,"text":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The abundance of Greater Sage-Grouse as a proxy for the abundance of sagebrush-associated songbirds in Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"Surrogate-species concepts are prevalent in animal conservation. Such strategies advocate for conservation by proxy, wherein one species is used to represent other taxa to obtain a conservation objective. The efficacy of such approaches has been rarely assessed empirically, but is predicated on concordance between the surrogate and sympatric taxa in distribution, abundance, and ecological requirements. Our objective was to identify whether the abundance of a high-profile umbrella species (Greater Sage-Grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter sage-grouse) was associated with the abundance of six other members of the avian community for which it is presumed to be a surrogate, including three sagebrush-obligate and three sagebrush-associated songbird species. We predicted that sage-grouse abundance would align most closely with the breeding abundance of other sagebrush-obligate birds. We used two different indices of sage-grouse abundance for comparisons: field-collected counts of fecal pellets (primarily indexing abundance in the nonbreeding season) and a spatially explicit index of breeding population size. Neither index of sage-grouse abundance was consistently predictive of co-occurring songbird abundance, with one species more abundant (Horned Lark [Eremophila alpestris]) and one species less abundant (Vesper Sparrow [Pooecetes gramineus]) where sage-grouse pellet counts were higher, and no relationship evident between songbird abundance and the spatially explicit sage-grouse population index. Ours is one of few assessments of the efficacy of sage-grouse as a surrogate species to consider abundance, and not habitat overlap alone. We suggest that the utility of sage-grouse as a surrogate species likely varies across spatial scales. Within the scale examined here (10–15 ha sites), however, indices of sage-grouse abundance were unreliable proxies for the abundance of six declining songbird species.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.6488","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, A.R., Conway, C.J., Tank, D.C., Andrews, K.R., Gour, D.S., and Waits, L.P., 2020, Diet of a rare herbivore based on DNA metabarcoding of feces: Selection, seasonality, and survival: Ecology and Evolution, v. 10, no. 14, p. 7627-7643, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6488.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"7627","endPage":"7643","ipdsId":"IP-111251","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6488","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Adams 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