Thiamine (vitamin B1) metabolism is an important driver of human and animal health and ecological functioning. Some organisms, including species of ferns, mollusks, and fish, contain thiamine-degrading enzymes known as thiaminases, and consumption of these organisms can lead to thiamine deficiency in the consumer. Consumption of fish containing thiaminase has led to elevated mortality and recruitment failure in farmed animals and wild salmonine populations around the world. In the North American Great Lakes, consumption of the non-native prey fish alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) by native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) led to thiamine deficiency in the trout, contributed to elevated fry mortality, and impeded natural population recruitment. Several thiaminases have been genetically characterized in bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes, and the source of thiaminase in multicellular organisms has been hypothesized to be gut microflora. In an unexpected discovery, we identified thiaminase I genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) with homology to bacterial tenA thiaminase II. The biochemical activity of zebrafish thiaminase I (GenBank NP_001314821.1) was confirmed in a recombinant system. Genes homologous to the zebrafish tenA-like thiaminase I were identified in many animals, including common carp (Cyprinus carpio), zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and alewife. Thus, the source of thiaminase I in alewife impacting lake trout populations is likely to be de novo synthesis.
Mercury (Hg) exposure to fish, wildlife, and humans is widespread and of global concern, thus stimulating efforts to reduce emissions. Because the relationships between rates of inorganic Hg loading, methylmercury (MeHg) production, and bioaccumulation are extremely complex and challenging to predict, there is a need for reliable biosentinels to understand the distribution of Hg in the environment and monitor the effectiveness of reduction efforts. However, it is important to assess how temporal and spatial variation at multiple scales influences the efficacy of specific biosentinels. Seasonal and interannual variation in total Hg (THg) concentrations of dragonfly larvae were examined in relation to spatial variability among 21 sites in two U.S. national parks with contrasting ecologies and Hg deposition patterns. Dragonfly THg differed among sampling events at 17 of the 21 sites, but by an average of only 20.4 % across events, compared to an average difference of 52.7 % among sites. Further, THg concentrations did not follow consistent seasonal patterns across sites or years, suggesting that the observed temporal variation was unlikely to bias monitoring efforts. Importantly, for a specific site, there was no difference in % MeHg in dragonflies among sampling events. Finally, there was significant temporal variability in the biogeochemical factors (aqueous inorganic Hg, aqueous MeHg, DOC, SO4, and pH) influencing dragonfly THg, with the importance of individual factors varying by 2.4 to 4.3-fold across sampling events. Despite these results, it is noteworthy that the observed temporal variation in dragonfly THg concentrations was neither large nor consistent enough to bias spatial assessments. Thus, although this temporal variation may provide insights into the processes influencing biological Hg concentrations, it is unlikely to impair the use of dragonflies as biosentinels for monitoring spatial or temporal patterns at scales relevant to most mitigation efforts.
Plecoptera (stoneflies) are an order of insects where most species rely on clean, fast-moving freshwater for an aquatic larval stage followed by a short terrestrial adult stage. Most species of Plecoptera seem to be restricted to specific stream types and thermal regimes. Climate-driven changes are likely to alter stream temperatures and flow, resulting in physiological stress, reduced reproductive success, and possibly latitudinal or elevational distribution shifts. This report focuses on climate projections and the resulting ecological effect for three species of Appalachian stoneflies: Remenus kirchneri, Acroneuria kosztarabi, and Tallaperla lobata. Although species-specific information is sparse for these three species, climate studies for other Plecoptera spp. are applicable. In the focal region, temperature is increasing and likely leading to increased stream temperatures. In response, Plecoptera spp. will likely experience physiological stress from increasing metabolic rates and energy demands concurrent with changing food quality and access. Warming temperatures and decreased larval energy stores are likely to contribute to lower adult body size and longevity, thus decreasing reproductive success. Whereas projected changes to precipitation and runoff are less certain, under drier future climate projections, decreased streamflow may further stress larval Plecoptera. Remenus kirchneri, A. kosztarabi, and T. lobata will likely retain stable permanent stream habitats for the analyzed future (2006–99). Changing climate is of particular concern for mountaintop species R. kirchneri and T. lobata because they may be unable to track shifts in suitable climate and habitat.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of climate change on fish and wildlife species in the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211104B","usgsCitation":"Lyons, M.P., Nikiel, C.A., LeDee, O.E., and Boyles, R., 2023, Potential effects of climate change on Appalachian stoneflies (Remenus kirchneri, Acroneuria kosztarabi, and Tallaperla lobata): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1104–B, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211104B.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 41 p.; Data release","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-141912","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411793,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B2O22V","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"CMIP5 MACAv2-METDATA monthly water balance model projections 1950–2099 for the contiguous United States"},{"id":411792,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/b/images"},{"id":411791,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/b/ofr20211104b.XML"},{"id":411790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/b/ofr20211104b.pdf","text":"Report","size":"74.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1104–B"},{"id":411789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1104/b/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.36021079719424,\n 35.42843231038343\n ],\n [\n -78.2983320325932,\n 35.42843231038343\n ],\n [\n -78.2983320325932,\n 38.58463308582091\n ],\n [\n -84.36021079719424,\n 38.58463308582091\n ],\n [\n -84.36021079719424,\n 35.42843231038343\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1954 Buford Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55108
Snow Lake, a glacially dammed lake on the Snow Glacier near Seward, Alaska, drains rapidly every 14 months–3 years, causing flooding along the Snow River. Highway, railroad, and utility infrastructure on the lower Snow River floodplain is vulnerable to flood damage. Historical hydrology, geomorphology, and two-dimensional hydraulic and sediment transport modeling were used to assess the flood risks from Snow Lake outburst floods. Floods have become more frequent, peaked more rapidly, and have had generally higher peaks over the last 20 years as the Snow Glacier has thinned, translating to a greater potential for flood damage. Rapidly shifting channel locations and the occasional introduction of large volumes of debris to the river also threaten infrastructure on the floodplain and in the channel. An assessment of the historical channel planform between 1951 and 2019 showed that there have been more and less stable segments along the lower Snow River and that channel migration has generally been toward the east. An analysis of floodplain elevations using 2008 light detection and ranging (lidar) showed that the main channel is relatively high compared to floodplain channels that carry floodwaters along the railroad grade, so that once the main channel banks are overtopped water rapidly disperses throughout the floodplain. A two-dimensional flow and sediment transport model was developed, and its simulation results were compared to three past outburst floods from 2007, 2017, and 2019. Despite the complex floodplain and channel geometry, coarse resolution of the mesh, and sediment input data, the model successfully simulated areas of observed scour along the railroad grade and at the guidebank to the highway bridge. The modeled water-surface elevations generally replicated peak elevations recorded at a streamgage in the middle of the model domain and at pressure transducers installed on the floodplain and main channel, although there were discrepancies on the rising limb and some locations had a poorer fit than others. A model of a hypothetical check flood, approximately 150 percent of the largest recorded outburst flood, was developed to provide hydraulic variables to use when planning for infrastructure upgrades.
Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
One of the most critical challenges we face today is access to clean water. Climate change, industrialization, high rates of urbanization, and population growth have resulted in many countries suffering from water crises, especially in the arid and semi-arid areas. Countries in different regions of the world have also been struggling over regional water availability and it is anticipated that these struggles may result in conflicts over shared water resources in these regions. Considering the adverse consequences of the water crisis, countries have been trying to increasingly cope with this problem of water availability by implementing sustainable water management plans and looking for alternative water supply sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2023.1132758","usgsCitation":"Bustos-Terrones, Y.A., Norman, L., Perez-Estrada, L., El Nemr, A., and Bandala, E.R., 2023, Editorial: Advanced physico-chemical technologies for water detoxification and disinfection: Frontiers in Environmental Science, v. 11, 1132758, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1132758.","productDescription":"1132758, 3 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147820","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1132758","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":416549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bustos-Terrones, Yaneth A.","contributorId":304606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bustos-Terrones","given":"Yaneth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":66127,"text":"CONACYT - Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Technological Institute of Culiacan, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":203300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perez-Estrada, Leonidas","contributorId":304607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perez-Estrada","given":"Leonidas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65218,"text":"EURECAT, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"El Nemr, Ahmed","contributorId":304608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"El Nemr","given":"Ahmed","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66129,"text":"Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt. E-mail: ahmedmoustafaelnemr@yahoo.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bandala, Erick R.","contributorId":304605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandala","given":"Erick","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":66126,"text":"Division of Hydrologic Sciences. Desert Research Institute. 755 E. Flamingo Road, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119, USA, Tel: 702 862 5395, e-mail: erick.bandala@dri.edu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70252492,"text":"70252492 - 2023 - Broadening benefits and anticipating tradeoffs with a proposed ecosystem service analysis framework for the US Army Corps of Engineers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T12:04:21.344614","indexId":"70252492","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-12T06:59:37","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broadening benefits and anticipating tradeoffs with a proposed ecosystem service analysis framework for the US Army Corps of Engineers","docAbstract":"Would-be adopters of ecosystem service analysis frameworks might ask, ‘Do such frameworks improve ecosystem service provision or social benefits sufficiently to compensate for any extra effort?’ Here we explore that question by retrospectively applying an ecosystem goods and services (EGS) analysis framework to a large river restoration case study conducted by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and comparing potential time costs and outcomes of traditional versus EGS-informed planning. USACE analytic methods can have a large influence on which river and wetland restoration projects are implemented in the United States because they affect which projects or project elements are eligible for federal cost-share funding. A new framework is designed for the USACE and is primarily distinguished from current procedures by adding explicit steps to document and compare tradeoffs and complementarity among all affected EGS, rather than the subset that falls within project purposes. Further, it applies economic concepts to transform ecological performance indicators into social benefit indicators, even if changes cannot be valued. We conclude that, for large multi-partner restoration projects like our case study, using the framework provides novel information on social outcomes that could be used to enhance project design, without substantially increasing scoping costs. The primary benefits of using the framework in the case study appeared to stem from early comprehensive identification of stakeholder interests that might have prevented project delays late in the process, and improving the communication of social benefits and how tradeoffs among EGS benefits were weighed during planning.
Biodiversity conservation under a changing climate is a challenging endeavor. Landscapes are shifting as a result of climate change and sea level rise but plant communities in particular may not keep up with the pace of change. Predictive ecological models can help decision makers understand how species are likely to respond to change and then adjust management actions to align with desired future conditions. Florida’s Everglades is a wetland ecosystem that is host to many species, including a large number of endangered and endemic species. Everglades ecosystem restoration has been ongoing for decades, but consideration of sea level rise impacts in restoration planning is more recent. Incorporating potential impacts from sea level rise into restoration planning should benefit species and their coastal habitats, most notably at the southern Florida peninsula. The endangered Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammospiza maritima mirabilis) occurs in marl prairie habitat at the southern end of the Everglades. The locations of three of its six subpopulations are proximate to the coast. We used a spatially explicit predictive model, EverSparrow, to estimate probability of sparrow presence considering both hydrologic change from restoration and sea level rise. We found that the probability of sparrow presence decreased with increasing sea level rise. Within approximately 50 years, probability of presence significantly decreased for all three coastal subpopulation areas, with areas above 40% probability increasingly limited. Given the exceptionally low dispersal ability of this species and the geographic restrictions for habitat expansion, our results highlight the importance of freshwater flow into the southern Everglades marl prairie for habitat conservation.
The “dimensional stability” approach measures different components of ecological stability to investigate how they are related. Yet, most empirical work has used small-scale and short-term experimental manipulations. Here, we apply this framework to a long-term observational dataset of stream macroinvertebrates sampled between the winter flooding and summer monsoon seasons. We test hypotheses that relate variation among stability metrics across different taxa, the magnitude of antecedent (monsoon) and immediate (winter) floods to stability metrics, and the relative importance of disturbance magnitude and taxonomic richness on community dimensional stability. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct stability types, and we found that the magnitude of floods during the prior monsoon was more important in influencing stability than the winter flood itself. For dimensional stability at the community level, taxonomic richness was more important than disturbance magnitude. This work demonstrates that abiotic and biotic factors determine dimensional stability in a natural ecosystem.
The identification of factors that may be forcing ecological observations to approach the upper boundary provides insight into potential mechanisms affecting driver-response relationships, and can help inform ecosystem management, but has rarely been explored. In this study, we propose a novel framework integrating quantile regression with interpretable machine learning. In the first stage of the framework, we estimate the upper boundary of a driver-response relationship using quantile regression. Next, we calculate “potentials” of the response variable depending on the driver, which are defined as vertical distances from the estimated upper boundary of the relationship to observations in the driver-response variable scatter plot. Finally, we identify key factors impacting the potential using a machine learning model. We illustrate the necessary steps to implement the framework using the total phosphorus (TP)-Chlorophyll a (CHL) relationship in lakes across the continental US. We found that the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (N:P), annual average precipitation, total nitrogen (TN), and summer average air temperature were key factors impacting the potential of CHL depending on TP. We further revealed important implications of our findings for lake eutrophication management. The important role of N:P and TN on the potential highlights the co-limitation of phosphorus and nitrogen and indicates the need for dual nutrient criteria. Future wetter and/or warmer climate scenarios can decrease the potential which may reduce the efficacy of lake eutrophication management. The novel framework advances the application of quantile regression to identify factors driving observations to approach the upper boundary of driver-response relationships.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11783-023-1676-2","usgsCitation":"Liang, Z., Xu, Y., Zhao, G., Lu, W., Fu, Z., Wang, S., and Wagner, T., 2023, Approaching the upper boundary of driver-response relationships: Identifying factors using a novel framework integrating quantile regression with interpretable machine learning: Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, v. 17, 76, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1676-2.","productDescription":"76","ipdsId":"IP-137079","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liang, Zhongyao","contributorId":347986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liang","given":"Zhongyao","affiliations":[{"id":83275,"text":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, Yaoyang","contributorId":347987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Yaoyang","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhao, Gang","contributorId":347988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhao","given":"Gang","affiliations":[{"id":30217,"text":"Carnegie Institution for Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Wentao","contributorId":347989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Wentao","affiliations":[{"id":83276,"text":"Institute of Strategic Planning","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fu, Zhenghui","contributorId":347990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fu","given":"Zhenghui","affiliations":[{"id":83275,"text":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Shuhang","contributorId":347991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Shuhang","affiliations":[{"id":83275,"text":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70247741,"text":"70247741 - 2023 - On the scale-dependence of fault surface roughness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-15T14:27:36.245618","indexId":"70247741","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-11T09:25:32","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7501,"text":"JGR Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the scale-dependence of fault surface roughness","docAbstract":"Defining roughness as the ratio of height to length, the standard approach to characterize amplitudes of single fault, joint and fracture surfaces is to measure average height as a function of profile length. Empirically, this roughness depends strongly on scale. The ratio is approximately 0.01 at a few mm but 10× smaller at a few tens of meters. Surfaces are rougher at small scales. However, these conclusions are metric-dependent. If instead height is averaged over wavelength, roughness is nearly Brown spatial noise, having almost scale-independent apparent surface height to wavelength ratio. The small deviation from scale-independence is of the opposite sense than found using the standard metric; surfaces are slightly rougher at long wavelengths. Some natural surfaces may be Brownian within the measurement uncertainties. These contradictions are curiosities of surfaces that have Hurst exponents between 0.5 and 1, as natural fault surfaces do. The wavelength-based analysis of roughness and how it changes with scale are straight-forward; a normalized Fourier transform approximately preserves amplitude and its scale dependence in the wavelength domain. Among the conclusions from reconsideration of scale dependence are that the scale dependence is weak and much smaller than that of other fault and shear zone properties. Background and aftershock seismicity, jogs and step-overs indicate strong localization (smoothing) with slip and scale. The lack of strong scale dependence to surface roughness suggests it is not the dominant control on brittle shear zone evolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2022JB024856","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N.M., 2023, On the scale-dependence of fault surface roughness: JGR Solid Earth, v. 128, no. 2, e2022JB024856, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024856.","productDescription":"e2022JB024856, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131685","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70239357,"text":"fs20223088 - 2023 - Research needs identified for potential effects of energy development activities on environmental resources of the Williston Basin, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-04T20:26:08.038844","indexId":"fs20223088","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-11T09:22:49","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-3088","displayTitle":"Research Needs Identified for Potential Effects of Energy Development Activities on Environmental Resources of the Williston Basin, United States","title":"Research needs identified for potential effects of energy development activities on environmental resources of the Williston Basin, United States","docAbstract":"Unconventional oil and gas development that uses horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing is rapidly changing the landscape and exponentially increasing oil production within the Williston Basin, especially in North Dakota and eastern Montana. The activities associated with unconventional oil and gas development are complex and wide reaching and include, in part, road and well-pad construction, leaks from pits or tanks, chemical spills, discharge of wastewater, drilling before casing installation, leaks during or after hydraulic fracturing, failed casing seals, pipeline breaks, abandoned wells, deep-well disposal of flowback or produced wastewater, and induced subsurface migration pathways that can potentially adversely affect the environmental resources within the Williston Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20223088","usgsCitation":"Delzer, G.C., and Post van der Burg, M., 2023, Research needs identified for potential effects of energy development activities on environmental resources of the Williston Basin, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022–3088, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223088.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-142397","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499561,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114229.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":411643,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3088/images"},{"id":411641,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3088/fs20223088.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.84 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2022–3088"},{"id":411642,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3088/fs20223088.XML"},{"id":411640,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3088/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":411720,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20223088/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.85992433948707,\n 44.748962924301054\n ],\n [\n -100.27178237770465,\n 45.62378897009327\n ],\n [\n -99.72386467913583,\n 47.01666497234379\n ],\n [\n -98.92422494544115,\n 48.99070414841606\n ],\n [\n -106.85334014872393,\n 49.00199336720374\n ],\n [\n -106.20557284548465,\n 47.60278245148987\n ],\n [\n -105.42666681945474,\n 46.15028300648845\n ],\n [\n -104.32046634105996,\n 45.350667945249626\n ],\n [\n -103.35976723012234,\n 45.170260895064786\n ],\n [\n -102.7400085664068,\n 44.590251713951545\n ],\n [\n -101.96303401243244,\n 44.60899148746665\n ],\n [\n -101.85992433948707,\n 44.748962924301054\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
821 East Interstate Avenue, Bismarck, ND 58503
1608 Mountain View Road, Rapid City, SD 57702
Wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems worldwide due to climate change and land-use conversion. Regional biodiversity of temporary wetlands is dependent on the existence of habitat complexes with variable hydroperiods. Because temperature and rainfall regimes are predicted to shift globally, together with land-use patterns, different scenarios of wetland loss are expected in the future. To understand how wetland biodiversity might change in the future, it is important to evaluate how the loss of particular hydroperiods will affect overall diversity in a region. Using invertebrate datasets from five wetland complexes distributed across South and North America, we calculated beta diversity metrics for each region. Then we contrasted those metrics to simulations of sequential deletions of subsets (30%) of the long-, moderate- and short-hydroperiod wetlands to assess which wetland class would most affect invertebrate beta diversity in each region. Deletions of the short-hydroperiod wetlands led to the most significant decline in beta diversity. However, deletion effects of different wetland classes varied across study regions, with a negative correlation existing between deletions of the long- and short-hydroperiod wetlands on invertebrate beta diversity. Our simulations indicate that loss of short-hydroperiod wetlands will have the most significant effects on invertebrate beta diversity, but loss of long-hydroperiod wetlands will also be important. Thus, wetlands from both hydroperiod extremes should be considered when assessing potential biodiversity declines associated with habitat loss.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126332","usgsCitation":"Pires, M.M., Garcia, P.E., Maltchik, L., Stenert, C., Epele, L.B., McLean, K., Kneitel, J., Racey, S., and Batzer, D., 2023, Searching for the Achilles heel(s) for maintaining invertebrate biodiversity across complexes of depressional wetlands: Journal for Nature Conservation, v. 72, 126332, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126332.","productDescription":"126332, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144845","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126332","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pires, Mateus M.","contributorId":347168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pires","given":"Mateus","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":83092,"text":"Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Patricia E.","contributorId":347170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":83093,"text":"Grupo de Ecología de Sistemas Acuáticos a Escala de Paisaje (GESAP), INIBIOMA-CONICET Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maltchik, Leonardo","contributorId":347171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maltchik","given":"Leonardo","affiliations":[{"id":83092,"text":"Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stenert, Cristina","contributorId":347172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stenert","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":83092,"text":"Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Epele, Luis B.","contributorId":347173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Epele","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":57276,"text":"Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CONICET-UNPSJB), Roca 12 780, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McLean, Kyle 0000-0003-3803-0136 kmclean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-0136","contributorId":168533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"Kyle","email":"kmclean@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kneitel, Jamie M.","contributorId":347174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kneitel","given":"Jamie M.","affiliations":[{"id":83096,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Racey, Sophie","contributorId":347169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Racey","given":"Sophie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57293,"text":"Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Batzer, Darold P.","contributorId":347175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batzer","given":"Darold P.","affiliations":[{"id":83097,"text":"Department of Entomology, 120 Cedar St, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70239405,"text":"70239405 - 2023 - An aridity threshold model of fire sizes and annual area burned in extensively forested ecoregions of the western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T13:17:30.735297","indexId":"70239405","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-11T07:15:42","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An aridity threshold model of fire sizes and annual area burned in extensively forested ecoregions of the western USA","docAbstract":"Wildfire occurrence varies among regions and through time due to the long-term impacts of climate on fuel structure and short-term impacts on fuel flammability. Identifying the climatic conditions that trigger extensive fire years at regional scales can enable development of area burned models that are both spatially and temporally robust, which is crucial for understanding the impacts of past and future climate change. We identified region-specific thresholds in fire-season aridity that distinguish years with limited, moderate, and extensive area burned for 11 extensively forested ecoregions in the western United States. We developed a new area burned model using these relationships and demonstrate its application in the Southern Rocky Mountains using climate projections from five global climate models (GCMs) that bracket the range of projected changes in aridity. We used the aridity thresholds to classify each simulation year as having limited, moderate, or extensive area burned and defined fire-size distributions from historical fire records for these categories. We simulated individual fires from a regression relating fire season aridity to the annual number of fires and drew fire sizes from the corresponding fire-size distributions. We project dramatic increases in area burned after 2020 under most GCMs and after 2060 with all GCMs as the frequency of extensive fire years increases. Our adaptable model can readily incorporate new observations (e.g., extreme fire years) to directly address the non-stationarity of fire-climate relationships as climatic conditions diverge from past observations. Our aridity threshold fire model provides a simple yet spatially robust approach to project regional changes in area burned with broad applicability to ecosystem and vegetation simulation models.
Understanding uncertainties in extreme wind-wave events is essential for offshore/coastal risk and adaptation estimates. Despite this, uncertainties in contemporary extreme wave events have not been assessed, and projections are still limited. Here, we quantify, at global scale, the uncertainties in contemporary extreme wave estimates across an ensemble of widely used global wave reanalyses/hindcasts supported by observations. We find that contemporary uncertainties in 50-year return period wave heights (
We study stress‐loading mechanisms for the California faults used in rupture forecasts. Stress accumulation drives earthquakes, and that accumulation mechanism governs recurrence. Most moment release in California occurs because of relative motion between the Pacific plate and the Sierra Nevada block; we calculate relative motion directions at fault centers and compare with fault displacement directions. Dot products between these vectors reveal that some displacement directions are poorly aligned with plate motions. We displace a 3D finite‐element model according to relative motions and resolve stress tensors onto defined fault surfaces, which reveal that poorly aligned faults receive no tectonic loading. Because these faults are known to be active, we search for other loading mechanisms. We find that nearly all faults with no tectonic loading show increase in stress caused by slip on the San Andreas fault, according to an elastic dislocation model. Globally, faults that receive a sudden stress change respond with triggered earthquakes that obey an Omori law rate decay with time. We therefore term this class of faults as “aftershock faults.” These faults release ∼4% of the moment release in California, have ∼0.1%–5% probability of M 6.7 earthquakes in 30 yr, and have a 0.001%–1% 30 yr M 7.7 probability range.
Environmental stressors associated with a changing climate and non-native fish, individually, represent significant threats to native fish conservation. These threats can exacerbate risks to native fishes when conditions interact at the trailing edge of a population's distribution. We collected capture–mark–recapture data for Rio Grande cutthroat trout (RGCT, Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis) at the trailing edge of all cutthroat trout distributions from eight northern New Mexico populations. We used a factorial sampling design from streams characterised as “cool” or “warm” and whether RGCT were sympatric with non-native brown trout (Salmo trutta). We tested competing hypotheses that warm temperatures, reduced flows, high densities and sympatry with brown trout would negatively impact RGCT apparent survival rates. We found the strongest evidence for a non-native trout interaction with total trout density affecting RGCT apparent survival rates. Our results are consistent with patterns observed in northern cutthroat trout populations where non-native salmonids negatively impacted apparent survival rates. We also found that a negative density effect was observed on allopatric RGCT and sympatric brown trout apparent survival, but a positive density effect was observed for sympatric RGCT. These results suggest higher density populations of RGCT may be more resilient to displacement by non-native trout than low-density populations.
Negative extreme anomalies in vegetation growth (NEGs) usually indicate severely impaired ecosystem services. These NEGs can result from diverse natural and anthropogenic causes, especially climate extremes (CEs). However, the relationship between NEGs and many types of CEs remains largely unknown at regional and global scales. Here, with satellite-derived vegetation index data and supporting tree-ring chronologies, we identify periods of NEGs from 1981 to 2015 across the global land surface. We find 70% of these NEGs are attributable to five types of CEs and their combinations, with compound CEs generally more detrimental than individual ones. More importantly, we find that dominant CEs for NEGs vary by biome and region. Specifically, cold and/or wet extremes dominate NEGs in temperate mountains and high latitudes, whereas soil drought and related compound extremes are primarily responsible for NEGs in wet tropical, arid and semi-arid regions. Key characteristics (e.g., the frequency, intensity and duration of CEs, and the vulnerability of vegetation) that determine the dominance of CEs are also region- and biome-dependent. For example, in the wet tropics, dominant individual CEs have both higher intensity and longer duration than non-dominant ones. However, in the dry tropics and some temperate regions, a longer CE duration is more important than higher intensity. Our work provides the first global accounting of the attribution of NEGs to diverse climatic extremes. Our analysis has important implications for developing climate-specific disaster prevention and mitigation plans among different regions of the globe in a changing climate.
Ivory poaching continues to threaten African elephants. We (1) used criminology theory and literature evidence to generate hypotheses about factors that may drive, facilitate or motivate poaching, (2) identified datasets representing these factors, and (3) tested those factors with strong hypotheses and sufficient data quality for empirical associations with poaching. We advance on previous analyses of correlates of elephant poaching by using additional poaching data and leveraging new datasets for previously untested explanatory variables. Using data on 10 286 illegally killed elephants detected at 64 sites in 30 African countries (2002–2020), we found strong evidence to support the hypotheses that the illegal killing of elephants is associated with poor national governance, low law enforcement capacity, low household wealth and health, and global elephant ivory prices. Forest elephant populations suffered higher rates of illegal killing than savannah elephants. We found only weak evidence that armed conflicts may increase the illegal killing of elephants, and no evidence for effects of site accessibility, vegetation density, elephant population density, precipitation or site area. Results suggest that addressing wider systemic challenges of human development, corruption and consumer demand would help reduce poaching, corroborating broader work highlighting these more ultimate drivers of the global illegal wildlife trade.
Wind-abraded rocks and aeolian bedforms have been observed at the Mars 2020 Perseverance landing site, providing evidence for recent and older wind directions. This study reports orientations of aeolian features measured in Perseverance images to infer formative wind directions. It compares these measurements with orbital observations, climate model predictions, and wind data acquired by the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer. Three-dimensional orientations of flute textures on rocks, regolith wind tails extending from behind obstacles, and other aeolian features were measured using Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) derived from Mastcam-Z and navigation camera (Navcam) stereo images. Orientations of rock flutes measured in images acquired through Sol (martian day) 400 yielded a mean azimuth of 94° ± 7° (wind from the west). However, similar measurements of regolith wind tails indicate that recent sand-driving winds have been blowing from the east-southeast, nearly the opposite direction (mean azimuth = 285° ± 15°). Atmospheric modeling generally predicts net annual sand transport from the east-southeast at present, consistent with Perseverance regolith wind tail and orbital observations. The orientation of ventifact flutes thus suggests that they were formed under a different climate regime. Differences in orientations of recent and paleo-wind indicators have been noted at other Mars landing sites and may result from major orbital/axial changes that can cause significant changes in atmospheric circulation. Orientation differences between modern and older wind direction indicators at Jezero are useful clues to the climate history of the region.
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. The eddy covariance method provides robust measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CH4, but interpreting its spatiotemporal variations is challenging due to the co-occurrence of CH4 production, oxidation, and transport dynamics. Here, we estimate these three processes using a data-model fusion approach across 25 wetlands in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions. Our data-constrained model—iPEACE—reasonably reproduced CH4 emissions at 19 of the 25 sites with normalized root mean square error of 0.59, correlation coefficient of 0.82, and normalized standard deviation of 0.87. Among the three processes, CH4 production appeared to be the most important process, followed by oxidation in explaining inter-site variations in CH4 emissions. Based on a sensitivity analysis, CH4 emissions were generally more sensitive to decreased water table than to increased gross primary productivity or soil temperature. For periods with leaf area index (LAI) of ≥20% of its annual peak, plant-mediated transport appeared to be the major pathway for CH4 transport. Contributions from ebullition and diffusion were relatively high during low LAI (<20%) periods. The lag time between CH4 production and CH4 emissions tended to be short in fen sites (3 ± 2 days) and long in bog sites (13 ± 10 days). Based on a principal component analysis, we found that parameters for CH4 production, plant-mediated transport, and diffusion through water explained 77% of the variance in the parameters across the 19 sites, highlighting the importance of these parameters for predicting wetland CH4 emissions across biomes. These processes and associated parameters for CH4 emissions among and within the wetlands provide useful insights for interpreting observed net CH4 fluxes, estimating sensitivities to biophysical variables, and modeling global CH4 fluxes.
This article is the second of three projected IUPAC Technical Reports on reference materials for phase equilibrium studies. The goal of this project was to select reference systems with critically evaluated property values for the verification of instruments and techniques used in phase equilibrium studies of mixtures. This report proposes seven systems for solid–liquid equilibrium studies, covering the four most common categories of binary mixtures: aqueous systems with organic solutes, aqueous systems with inorganic solutes, non-aqueous systems, and systems with low solubility. For each system, the available literature sources, accepted data, smoothing equations, and estimated uncertainties are given.
The abundance of Culex restuans and Culex pipiens in relation to ecological predictors is poorly understood in regions of the United States where their ranges overlap. It is suspected that these species play different roles in spreading West Nile virus (WNV) in these regions, but few studies have modeled these species separately or accounted for spatial correlation using Bayesian methods. We used mosquito surveillance data collected by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection from 2002 to 2016 and integrated nested Laplace approximations with the stochastic partial differential equation approach to predict C. restuans and C. pipiens abundance in relation to several ecological predictors. We then made a predictive risk surface of abundance for each species at locations that were not sampled. Explanatory variables in the models included ecological variables previously described to be important predictors of the abundance of these mosquito species. Developed habitat, temperature, and precipitation were important predictor variables for the abundance of C. restuans, whereas developed habitat, snow water equivalent, and normalized difference water index were important predictor variables for the abundance of C. pipiens. The abundance of C. restuans had a negative relationship with developed habitat in contrast to C. pipiens abundance, which had a positive relationship with developed habitat. Julian date was modeled as a temporal trend for both species and showed C. restuans to be more abundant from late April through late June and C. pipiens to be more abundant from July through September. A seasonal crossover was observed between these two species on Julian day 185, 4 July. We observed different spatial patterns of abundance in the predictive risk maps of each of the species. Our results indicate that modeling the abundance of these species spatially and separately in regions where these two mosquito vectors coexist can help gain further insight into understanding the epidemiology of WNV in human and susceptible animal populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4346","usgsCitation":"Bondo, K., Montecino-Latorre, D., Williams, L., Helwig, M., Duren, K., Hutchinson, M., and Walter, W., 2023, Spatial modeling of two mosquito vectors of West Nile virus using integrated nested Laplace approximations: Ecosphere, v. 14, no. 1, e4346, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4346.","productDescription":"e4346, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-138613","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4346","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":466441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":41,\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pennsylvania\",\"nation\":\"USA 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We conducted a non-invasive genetic study of white-tailed deer in southern Finland in 2016 and 2017 using fecal DNA samples to understand factors influencing white-tailed deer density and space use in late summer prior to the hunting season. We estimated deer density as a function of landcover types using a spatial capture-recapture (SCR) model with individual identities established using microsatellite markers. The study revealed second-order habitat selection with highest deer densities in fields and mixed forest, and third-order habitat selection (detection probability) for transitional woodlands (clear-cuts) and closeness to fields. Including landscape heterogeneity improved model fit and increased inferred total density compared with models assuming a homogenous landscape. Our findings underline the importance of including habitat covariates when estimating density and exemplifies that resource selection can be studied using non-invasive methods.
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