{"pageNumber":"3103","pageRowStart":"77550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184828,"records":[{"id":70180476,"text":"70180476 - 2001 - Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180476,"text":"70180476 - 2001 - Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>","indexId":"70180476","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T16:07:02","indexId":"70180476","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1633","title":"Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>The lower Paleozoic (Silurian and Ordovician) carbonate stratal succession is divided into six unnamed stratigraphic units in the northern part of the Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle of southwestern Alaska. Several of these units have previously been recognized in the McGrath and Medfra quadrangles to the northeast in strata of the Nixon Fork subterrane of the Farewell terrane (Decker and others, 1994 ). These rocks occur along the south side of a prominent east-west-trending anticlinoria! axis exposed slightly to the north in the Sleetmute A-2 1:63,360-scale quadrangle. Rocks of the Nixon Fork subterrane are now thought to represent a continental margin sequence rifted from Siberia. The low thermal alteration indices exhibited by the rocks of this area have elicited interest for petroleum exploration. However, low total organic carbon (TOC) values from potential source rocks within this lower Paleozoic succession indicate low petroleum potential.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999 (Professional Paper 1633)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/70180476","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, R., and Wilson, F.H., 2001, Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1633, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180476.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1633/pp1633_report.pdf#page=81","text":"Start page in larger work"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef4e4b072a7ac0cad51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, Robert B.","contributorId":89612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023302,"text":"70023302 - 2001 - Influence of reactive sulfide (AVS) and supplementary food on Ag, Cd and Zn bioaccumulation in the marine polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:55:15","indexId":"70023302","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of reactive sulfide (AVS) and supplementary food on Ag, Cd and Zn bioaccumulation in the marine polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata","docAbstract":"A laboratory bioassay determined the relative contribution of various pathways of Ag, Cd and Zn bioaccumulation in the marine polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata exposed to moderately contaminated sediments. Juvenile worms were exposed for 25 d to experimental sediments containing 5 different reactive sulfide (acid volatile sulfides, AVS) concentrations (1 to 30 ??mol g-1), but with constant Ag, Cd, and Zn concentrations of 0.1, 0.1 and 7 ??mol g-1, respectively. The sediments were supplemented with contaminated food (TetraMin??) containing 3 levels of Ag-Cd-Zn (uncontaminated, 1?? or 5??1 metal concentrations in the contaminated sediment). The results suggest that bioaccumulation of Ag, Cd and Zn in the worms occurred predominantly from ingestion of contaminated sediments and contaminated supplementary food. AVS or dissolved metals (in porewater and overlying water) had a minor effect on bioaccumulation of the 3 metals in most of the treatments. The contribution to uptake from the dissolved source was most important in the most oxic sediments, with maximum contributions of 8% for Ag, 30% for Cd and 20% for Zn bioaccumulation. Sediment bioassays where uncontaminated supplemental food is added could seriously underestimate metal exposures in an equilibrated system; N. arenaceodentata feeding on uncontaminated food would be exposed to 40-60% less metal than if the food source was equilibrated (as occurs in nature). Overall, the results show that pathways of metal exposure are dynamically linked in contaminated sediments and shift as external geochemical characteristics and internal biological attributes vary.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps216129","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., Lee, B., Yoo, H., Koh, C., and Luoma, S., 2001, Influence of reactive sulfide (AVS) and supplementary food on Ag, Cd and Zn bioaccumulation in the marine polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 216, p. 129-140, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps216129.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps216129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"216","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b6de4b0c8380cd62513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.-S.","contributorId":15787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, B.-G.","contributorId":11777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"B.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yoo, H.","contributorId":46725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoo","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koh, C.-H.","contributorId":9797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022998,"text":"70022998 - 2001 - Nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents from reclaimed water in groundwater, Los Angeles County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T07:57:55","indexId":"70022998","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents from reclaimed water in groundwater, Los Angeles County, California","docAbstract":"The nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents in reclaimed water (tertiary-treated municipal wastewater) before, during, and after recharge into groundwater at the Montebello Forebay in Los Angeles County, CA, was the focus of this study. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in reclaimed water from this site is primarily a mixture of aromatic sulfonates from anionic surfactant degradation, N-acetyl amino sugars and proteins from bacterial activity, and natural fulvic acid, whereas DOM from native groundwaters in the aquifer to which reclaimed water was recharged consists of natural fulvic acids. The hydrophilic neutral N-acetyl amino sugars that constitute 40% of the DOM in reclaimed water are removed during the first 3 m of vertical infiltration in the recharge basin. Groundwater age dating with 3H and 3He isotopes, and determinations of organic and inorganic C isotopes, enabled clear differentiation of recent recharged water from older native groundwater. Phenol structures in natural fulvic acids in DOM isolated from groundwater produced significant trihalomethanes (THM) and total organic halogen (TOX) yields upon chlorination, and these structures also were responsible for the enhanced SUVA and specific fluorescence characteristics relative to DOM in reclaimed water. Aromatic sulfonates and fulvic acids in reclaimed water DOM produced minimal THM and TOX yields.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es001905f","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Rostad, C., Barber, L.B., Schroeder, R.A., Anders, R., and Davisson, M., 2001, Nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents from reclaimed water in groundwater, Los Angeles County, California: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 19, p. 3869-3876, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001905f.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3869","endPage":"3876","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es001905f"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles County","volume":"35","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6390e4b0c8380cd72574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroeder, R. A.","contributorId":15554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anders, R.","contributorId":74174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davisson, M.L.","contributorId":62277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davisson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022988,"text":"70022988 - 2001 - A seismic hazard uncertainty analysis for the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70022988","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A seismic hazard uncertainty analysis for the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"A review of the scientific issues relevant to characterizing earthquake sources in the New Madrid seismic zone has led to the development of a logic tree of possible alternative parameters. A variability analysis, using Monte Carlo sampling of this consensus logic tree, is presented and discussed. The analysis shows that for 2%-exceedence-in-50-year hazard, the best-estimate seismic hazard map is similar to previously published seismic hazard maps for the area. For peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration at 0.2 and 1.0 s (0.2 and 1.0 s Sa), the coefficient of variation (COV) representing the knowledge-based uncertainty in seismic hazard can exceed 0.6 over the New Madrid seismic zone and diminishes to about 0.1 away from areas of seismic activity. Sensitivity analyses show that the largest contributor to PGA, 0.2 and 1.0 s Sa seismic hazard variability is the uncertainty in the location of future 1811-1812 New Madrid sized earthquakes. This is followed by the variability due to the choice of ground motion attenuation relation, the magnitude for the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes, and the recurrence interval for M>6.5 events. Seismic hazard is not very sensitive to the variability in seismogenic width and length. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00064-3","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C., 2001, A seismic hazard uncertainty analysis for the New Madrid seismic zone: Engineering Geology, v. 62, no. 1-3, p. 251-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00064-3.","startPage":"251","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208104,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00064-3"},{"id":233547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e580e4b0c8380cd46d93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cramer, C.H.","contributorId":100012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022989,"text":"70022989 - 2001 - Data files from the \"Dry SHIPS\" recording of the Chi-Chi earthquake, Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70022989","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data files from the \"Dry SHIPS\" recording of the Chi-Chi earthquake, Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000760","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., and Pratt, T.L., 2001, Data files from the \"Dry SHIPS\" recording of the Chi-Chi earthquake, Seattle, Washington: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000760.","startPage":"1395","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208105,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000760"},{"id":233548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd72e4b0c8380cd4e833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003400,"text":"1003400 - 2001 - Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the threeridge mussel (Amblema plicata) by chlorpyrifos: Implications for biomonitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T18:55:31.32816","indexId":"1003400","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the threeridge mussel (<i>Amblema plicata</i>) by chlorpyrifos: Implications for biomonitoring","title":"Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the threeridge mussel (Amblema plicata) by chlorpyrifos: Implications for biomonitoring","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effects of chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus insecticide, were examined on the activity of the nervous system enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the threeridge mussel&nbsp;</span><i>Amblema plicata</i><span>&nbsp;in a 24-day laboratory test. Thirty-six mussels in each of seven treatments (18 mussels per duplicate) were exposed to chlorpyrifos (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/L), a solvent (acetone), and a solvent-free (well water) control for 12, 24, or 96 h. The activity of AChE was measured in the anterior adductor muscle of eight mussels from each treatment after exposure. To assess potential latent effects, six mussels from each treatment were removed after 24 h of exposure and transferred to untreated water for a 21-day holding period; AChE activity was measured on three mussels from each treatment at 7 and 21 days of the holding period. The activity of AChE in chlorpyrifos-exposed mussels did not differ from controls after 12 or 24 h of exposure (</span><i>t</i><span>- test,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&gt;0.05), but was significantly less than controls after 96 h (</span><i>t</i><span>- test,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>=0.01). AChE activity did not vary among mussels at 24 h of exposure (i.e., Day 0 of holding period) and those at Day 7 and Day 21 of the holding period. Overall changes in AChE activity of mussels during the test were unrelated to individual chlorpyrifos concentrations and exposure times (repeated measure ANOVA; (</span><i>P</i><span>=0.06). A power analysis revealed that the sample size must be increased from 2 to 5 replicates (8 to 20 mussels per time interval and test concentration) to increase the probability of detecting significant differences in AChE activity. This calculated increase in sample size has potential implications for future biomonitoring studies with chlorpyrifos and unionid mussels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/eesa.2000.2036","usgsCitation":"Doran, W., Cope, W., Rada, R., and Sandheinrich, M., 2001, Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the threeridge mussel (Amblema plicata) by chlorpyrifos: Implications for biomonitoring: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 49, no. 1, p. 91-98, https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2000.2036.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Lakeland","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.7737045288086,\n              44.90744135615697\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76615142822266,\n              44.89941659173812\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75516510009766,\n              44.90160527494205\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75001525878906,\n              44.91035917458495\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74589538574219,\n              44.920084166257624\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74143218994139,\n              44.92543221016552\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74005889892578,\n              44.93175198383987\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.735595703125,\n              44.93758500391091\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.73662567138672,\n              44.94293141849847\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74280548095703,\n              44.94924926661153\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74280548095703,\n              44.952164961986206\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74555206298828,\n              44.95532346482584\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.74761199951172,\n              44.961882876810925\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75447845458984,\n              44.968684437948376\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.757568359375,\n              44.97912812237348\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7579116821289,\n              44.982527981304266\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.75619506835936,\n              44.98665611039465\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.77885437011719,\n              44.991026746594535\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.77610778808594,\n              44.98131376911565\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.77061462402344,\n              44.966741217055315\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76683807373047,\n              44.95799590837475\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7627182006836,\n              44.95192199302901\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7688980102539,\n              44.94171636799005\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7688980102539,\n              44.935883767592586\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76683807373047,\n              44.923001342833096\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.76580810546875,\n              44.91449249713902\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7737045288086,\n              44.90744135615697\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6982a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doran, W.J.","contributorId":22304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, W.G.","contributorId":71918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rada, R.G.","contributorId":7651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rada","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandheinrich, M.B.","contributorId":76263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022775,"text":"70022775 - 2001 - TES mapping of Mars' north seasonal cap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-22T09:51:56","indexId":"70022775","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"TES mapping of Mars' north seasonal cap","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span><i>Mars Global Surveyor</i><span>&nbsp;thermal emission spectrometer has made observations of Mars' north polar region for nearly a full martian year. Measurements of bolometric emission and reflectance, as well as brightness temperatures in specific bands synthesized from thermal radiance spectra, are used to track the behavior of surface and atmospheric temperatures, the distribution of condensed CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, and the occurrence of dust storms. CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;grain size in the polar night is variable in space and time, and is influenced by atmospheric conditions. Some specific locations display concentration of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O frost and indicate the presence of long-term water-ice near the surface. Annual budgets of solid CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;range up to 1500 kg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>; preliminary analysis suggests significant transport of energy into latitudes near 70°N during the polar night.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1006/icar.2001.6670","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H.H., and Titus, T.N., 2001, TES mapping of Mars' north seasonal cap: Icarus, v. 154, no. 1, p. 162-180, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6670.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":130,"text":"Astrogeology Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"154","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba37fe4b08c986b31fd17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh H.","contributorId":41137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022956,"text":"70022956 - 2001 - Inferring rate and state friction parameters from a rupture model of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) Japan earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:32:57.627427","indexId":"70022956","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferring rate and state friction parameters from a rupture model of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) Japan earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>We consider the applicability of laboratory-derived rate-and state-variable friction laws to the dynamic rupture of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. We analyze the shear stress and slip evolution of&nbsp;</span><i>Ide and Takeo's</i><span>&nbsp;[1997] dislocation model, fitting the inferred stress change time histories by calculating the dynamic load and the instantaneous friction at a series of points within the rupture area. For points exhibiting a fast-weakening behavior, the Dieterich-Ruina friction law, with values of&nbsp;</span><i>d<sub>c</sub></i><span>&nbsp;= 0.01–0.05 m for critical slip, fits the stress change time series well. This range of&nbsp;</span><i>d<sub>c</sub></i><span>&nbsp;is 10–20 times smaller than the slip distance over which the stress is released,&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>c</sub></i><span>, which previous studies have equated with the slip-weakening distance. The limited resolution and low-pass character of the strong motion inversion degrades the resolution of the frictional parameters and suggests that the actual&nbsp;</span><i>d<sub>c</sub></i><span>&nbsp;is less than this value. Stress time series at points characterized by a slow-weakening behavior are well fitted by the Dieterich-Ruina friction law with values of&nbsp;</span><i>d<sub>c</sub></i><span>≥0.01–0.05 m. The apparent fracture energy&nbsp;</span><i>G<sub>c</sub></i><span>&nbsp;can be estimated from waveform inversions more stably than the other friction parameters. We obtain a&nbsp;</span><i>G<sub>c</sub></i><span>&nbsp;≈ 1.5×l0</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;J m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;for the 1995 Kobe earthquake, in agreement with estimates for previous earthquakes. From this estimate and a plausible upper bound for the local rock strength we infer a lower bound for&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>c</sub></i><span>&nbsp;of about 0.008 m.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000294","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Guatteri, M., Spudich, P., and Beroza, G., 2001, Inferring rate and state friction parameters from a rupture model of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) Japan earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 106, no. B11, p. 26511-26521, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000294.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"26511","endPage":"26521","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489739,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000294","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","city":"Kobe, Osaka","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              134.5356122351419,\n              34.83963667840105\n            ],\n            [\n              134.5356122351419,\n              34.13785614155759\n            ],\n            [\n              135.777067313268,\n              34.13785614155759\n            ],\n            [\n              135.777067313268,\n              34.83963667840105\n            ],\n            [\n              134.5356122351419,\n              34.83963667840105\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3aeae4b0c8380cd6209b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guatteri, Mariagiovanna","contributorId":29979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guatteri","given":"Mariagiovanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spudich, P.","contributorId":85700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beroza, G. C.","contributorId":95626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beroza","given":"G. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022983,"text":"70022983 - 2001 - Species and population variation to salinity stress in Panicum hemitomon, Spartina patens, and Spartina alterniflora: Morphological and physiological constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70022983","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Species and population variation to salinity stress in Panicum hemitomon, Spartina patens, and Spartina alterniflora: Morphological and physiological constraints","docAbstract":"Panicum hemitomon, Spartina patens, and Spartina alterniflora are wide-spread dominant grasses of fresh, brackish, and salt marsh plant communities, respectively. Our previous research identified significant intraspecific variation in salt tolerance and morphology among populations within each species. In this study our objectives were to determine shorter-term physiological/biochemical responses to salinity stress and identify potential indicators of salt tolerance, with the ultimate goal of discerning similarities and differences in the mechanisms of salinity stress resistance. We subjected a subset of six populations within each species, ranging from high to low salt tolerance, to sublethal salinity levels (4, 20, and 30 ppt, respectively, for species) and monitored physiological and growth responses after 1 week (early harvest) and 5 weeks (late harvest). In all three species sublethal salinity levels generally resulted in significantly reduced net CO2 assimilation, leaf expansion, midday leaf xylem pressure, water use efficiency, and live and total biomass; and significantly increased leaf Na+/K+ ratio, leaf proline, leaf glycine betaine, leaf sucrose, root-to-shoot ratio, and dead:total aboveground biomass ratio. All three species displayed significant population (intraspecific) variation in net CO2 assimilation, leaf expansion, water use efficiency, midday leaf xylem pressure, leaf proline, leaf glycine betaine (except Panicum, where it could not be accurately determined), leaf Na+/K+ ratio, leaf sucrose, total plant biomass, dead:total aboveground biomass ratio, and root-to-shoot ratio. General indicators of salt tolerance (regardless of species) included high net CO2 assimilation rates and water use efficiencies, and low ratios of root-to-shoot and dead:total aboveground biomass. Factor analysis and a-priori linear contrasts revealed some unique differences between species in terms of the relative importance of morphology and physiology in explaining intraspecific variation in salt tolerance. Plant morphology (size attributes) were strongly associated with salt tolerance in P. hemitomon, weakly associated with salt tolerance in S. patens, and not associated with salt tolerance in S. alterniflora. Highly salt-tolerant populations of Spartina alterniflora displayed the greatest ion selectivity (lower leaf Na+/K+ ratios), which was not displayed by the other two species. These results suggest that plant size attributes can be very important in explaining population differences in salt tolerance in glycophytes, but may be independent of salt tolerance in halophytes, which have specialized physiological (and/or anatomical) adaptations that can confer salinity stress resistance through mechanisms such as selective ion exclusion and secretion. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0098-8472(01)00100-9","issn":"00988472","usgsCitation":"Hester, M., Mendelssohn, I., and McKee, K., 2001, Species and population variation to salinity stress in Panicum hemitomon, Spartina patens, and Spartina alterniflora: Morphological and physiological constraints, <i>in</i> Environmental and Experimental Botany, v. 46, no. 3, p. 277-297, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-8472(01)00100-9.","startPage":"277","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208067,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-8472(01)00100-9"},{"id":233467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94f3e4b08c986b31acd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hester, M.W.","contributorId":105087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mendelssohn, I.A.","contributorId":24317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendelssohn","given":"I.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, K.L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":77113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022981,"text":"70022981 - 2001 - Persistent organochlorine pollutants in eggs of colonial waterbirds from Galveston Bay and East Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:12:20","indexId":"70022981","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent organochlorine pollutants in eggs of colonial waterbirds from Galveston Bay and East Texas, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Eggs of neotropic cormorants (</span><i>Phalacrocorax brasilianus</i><span>), black-crowned night herons (</span><i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i><span>), and great egrets (</span><i>Ardea alba</i><span>) nesting on several locations in Galveston Bay (TX, USA) and at two control sites outside the bay were collected during April–May 1996 and analyzed for chlorinated pesticides, PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzo-</span><i>p</i><span>-dioxins, and polychlor-inated dibenzofurans. Additionally, concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQs) were determined by use of relative potency factors (TEQs) or the H4IIE-luc bioassay TCDD-EQs. Concentrations of 1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(</span><i>p</i><span>-chlo-rophenyl)ethylene (DDE) were greater in eggs of neotropic cormorants from Alexander Island (mean = 1,040 ng/g wet wt) in the Houston Ship Channel (Houston, TX, USA) and in those from Telfair Island (mean = 1,460 ng/g wet wt), a reference location outside the bay, than in most locations inside the bay (mean range = 119–453 ng/g wet wt). Mean PCB concentrations were greater in eggs of neotropic cormorants from Alexander Island (mean = 5,720 ng/g wet wt) than in eggs of cormorants from areas farther away from the ship channel, including two reference sites outside the bay (mean range = 404–3,140 ng/g wet wt). The TCDD was the main dioxin congener detected in eggs from all locations within Galveston Bay. Instrumental TEQs in eggs ranged from 67 pg/g wet weight at control sites to 452 pg/g wet weight at Alexander Island. Concentrations of TCDD-EQs determined in the H4IIE assay were correlated with instrumental TEQs and were greater in eggs of cormorants from islands within the bay, although these were farther away from the ship channel. Overall, concentrations of DDE, PCBs, TCDD, and TCDD-EQs were less than the threshold levels known to affect reproduction. However, some eggs contained concentrations of total PCBs or DDE greater than what would elicit adverse effects on birds. No identifiable deformities or abnormalities were detected in embryos collected from all sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620200321","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Frank, D., Mora, M., Sericano, J., Blankenship, A.L., Kannan, K., and Giesy, J., 2001, Persistent organochlorine pollutants in eggs of colonial waterbirds from Galveston Bay and East Texas, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 20, no. 3, p. 608-617, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200321.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"608","endPage":"617","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76fde4b0c8380cd783d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, D.S.","contributorId":102245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mora, M.A.","contributorId":71923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sericano, J.L.","contributorId":12661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sericano","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blankenship, Alan L.","contributorId":51047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blankenship","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kannan, K.","contributorId":71130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kannan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Giesy, J. P.","contributorId":60574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giesy","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023007,"text":"70023007 - 2001 - Gill lesions and death of bluegill in an acid mine drainage mixing zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-25T13:54:18","indexId":"70023007","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gill lesions and death of bluegill in an acid mine drainage mixing zone","docAbstract":"<p><span>The toxicity of an acid mine drainage (AMD) mixing zone was investigated by placing bluegill (</span><i>Lepomis macrochirus</i><span>) at the confluence of a stream contaminated by AMD and a stream having neutral pH. A mixing channel receiving water from both streams was assembled in the field, during July and October 1996, to determine the toxicity of freshly mixed and aged water (2.9–7.5 min). The AMD stream had elevated concentrations of Al and Fe, which precipitated upon mixing, and of Mn, which did not precipitate in the mixing zone. Fish exposed to freshly mixed water had higher mortality than fish exposed to water after aging. Precipitating Al, but not Fe, accumulated on the gills of bluegill, and accumulation was more rapid early during the mixing process than after aging. Fish exposed for 3.5 h to freshly mixed water had hypertrophy and hyperplasia of gill filament and lamellar epithelial cells. Similar lesions were observed after 6.0 h in fish exposed to water aged after mixing. Results demonstrated that Al was the predominant metal accumulating on the gills of fish in this AMD mixing zone, and that mixing zones can be more toxic than AMD streams in equilibrium.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620200619","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Henry, T., Irwin, E., Grizzle, J., Brumbaugh, W.G., and Wildhaber, M., 2001, Gill lesions and death of bluegill in an acid mine drainage mixing zone: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 20, no. 6, p. 1304-1311, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200619.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1304","endPage":"1311","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28f5e4b0c8380cd5a580","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, T.B.","contributorId":16183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, E.R.","contributorId":90269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grizzle, J.M.","contributorId":57016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grizzle","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70022957,"text":"70022957 - 2001 - Eutrophication: Nitrate flux in the Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70022957","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eutrophication: Nitrate flux in the Mississippi River","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/35102672","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"McIsaac, G., David, M., Gertner, G., and Goolsby, D.A., 2001, Eutrophication: Nitrate flux in the Mississippi River: Nature, v. 414, no. 6860, p. 166-167, https://doi.org/10.1038/35102672.","startPage":"166","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208153,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35102672"},{"id":233652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"414","issue":"6860","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bd4e4b0c8380cd528d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIsaac, G.F.","contributorId":58058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIsaac","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"David, M.B.","contributorId":20089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gertner, G.Z.","contributorId":107070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gertner","given":"G.Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023600,"text":"70023600 - 2001 - Pathology of brucellosis in bison from Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T17:50:33.041728","indexId":"70023600","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathology of brucellosis in bison from Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>Between February 1995 and June 1999, specimens from seven aborted bison (</span><i>Bison bison</i><span>) fetuses or stillborn calves and their placentas, two additional placentas, three dead neonates, one 2-wk-old calf, and 35 juvenile and adult female bison from Yellowstone National Park (USA) were submitted for bacteriologic and histopathologic examination. One adult animal with a retained placenta had recently aborted. Serum samples from the 35 juvenile and adult bison were tested for&nbsp;</span><i>Brucella</i><span>&nbsp;spp. antibodies. Twenty-six bison, including the cow with the retained placenta, were seropositive, one was suspect, and eight were seronegative.&nbsp;</span><i>Brucella abortus</i><span>&nbsp;biovar 1 was isolated from three aborted fetuses and associated placentas, an additional placenta, the 2-wk-old calf, and 11 of the seropositive female bison including the animal that had recently aborted.&nbsp;</span><i>Brucella abortus</i><span>&nbsp;biovar 2 was isolated from one additional seropositive adult female bison.&nbsp;</span><i>Brucella abortus</i><span>&nbsp;was recovered from numerous tissue sites from the aborted fetuses, placentas and 2-wk-old calf. In the juvenile and adult bison, the organism was more frequently isolated from supramammary (83%), retropharyngeal (67%), and iliac (58%) lymph nodes than from other tissues cultured. Cultures from the seronegative and suspect bison were negative for&nbsp;</span><i>B. abortus</i><span>. Lesions in the&nbsp;</span><i>B. abortus</i><span>-infected, aborted placentas and fetuses consisted of necropurulent placentitis and mild bronchointerstitial pneumonia. The infected 2-wk-old calf had bronchointerstitial pneumonia, focal splenic infarction, and purulent nephritis. The recently-aborting bison cow had purulent endometritis and necropurulent placentitis. Immunohistochemical staining of tissues from the culture-positive aborted fetuses, placentas, 2-wk-old calf, and recently-aborting cow disclosed large numbers of&nbsp;</span><i>B. abortus</i><span>&nbsp;in placental trophoblasts and exudate, and fetal and calf lung. A similar study with the same tissue collection and culture protocol was done using six seropositive cattle from a&nbsp;</span><i>B. abortus</i><span>-infected herd in July and August, 1997. Results of the bison and cattle studies were similar.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-37.1.101","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Rhyan, J.C., Gidlewski, T., Roffe, T., Aune, K., Philo, L., and Ewalt, D., 2001, Pathology of brucellosis in bison from Yellowstone National Park: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 37, no. 1, p. 101-109, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.1.101.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"109","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.7589/0090-3558-37.1.101","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              44.036269809534616\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              45.034714778688624\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.632568359375,\n              45.034714778688624\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.632568359375,\n              44.036269809534616\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              44.036269809534616\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75a7e4b0c8380cd77c7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhyan, Jack C.","contributorId":11185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhyan","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gidlewski, T.","contributorId":53550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gidlewski","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roffe, T.J.","contributorId":22279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffe","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aune, K.","contributorId":64419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aune","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Philo, L.M.","contributorId":95642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philo","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ewalt, D.R.","contributorId":23297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewalt","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022958,"text":"70022958 - 2001 - Tectonic erosion and consequent collapse of the Pacific margin of Costa Rica: Combined implications from ODP leg 170, seismic offshore data, and regional geology of the Nicoya Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70022958","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic erosion and consequent collapse of the Pacific margin of Costa Rica: Combined implications from ODP leg 170, seismic offshore data, and regional geology of the Nicoya Peninsula","docAbstract":"The convergent margin off the Pacific coast of the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica exhibits evidence for subduction erosion caused by the underthrusting Cocos plate. Critical evidence for efficacy of this process was recovered at the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) drilling Site 1042 (Leg 170), positioned ???7 km landward of the Middle America trench axis off the Nicoya Peninsula. The primary drilling objective at this site was to identify the age and origin of a regionally extensive and prominent seismic discontinuity, the so-called base-of-slope sediment (BOSS) horizon or surface. The BOSS horizon, which can be traced landward from near the trench to the Nicoya coastal area and parallel to it for hundreds of kilometers, separates a low-velocity (??? 2.0-2.5 km s-1) sequence of slope sediment, from an underlying sequence of much higher-velocity (> 4-4.5 km s-1) rock. Site 1042 reached the acoustically defined BOSS horizon at a below sea level depth of ??? 3900 m and yielded a carbonate-cemented calcarenitic breccia of early-middle Miocene age. Sedimentological, geochemical, paleontological, and cement paragenesis data document that the breccia accumulated in a shallow water depositional environment. On the basis of coastal exposures, the BOSS horizon, as a margin-wide geologic interface, can be temporally and lithostratigraphically correlated to a regional angular unconformity. This unconformity, known as the Mal Pais unconformity, separates Neogene and younger shelf-to-littoral beds from the underlying mafic units of the Mesozoic Nicoya Complex and Cretaceous and early Tertiary sedimentary sequences. At Site 1042 it is inferred that tectonism caused the vertical subsidence of the early Neogene breccia from a shallow to a deep water setting. The Mal Pais unconformity of the BOSS horizon thus connects the rock fabric of the outermost part of margin to that of coastal Nicoya and implies that in the early Neogene the Nicoya shelf extended seaward to near the present trench axis. This circumstance requires that the early Neogene trench axis was at least 50 km seaward of where it is now located. The long-term effects of subduction erosion, similar to those described for the scientifically drilled Japan, Tonga, and Peru margins, best account for offshore and onshore evidence for a post-Paleogene history of crustal thinning and landward trench migration of Costa Rica's Pacific margin. During the past 16-17 Myr the calculated mass removal and landward migration rates are 34-36 km3 Myr-1 km-1 of margin, and 3 km Myr-1, respectively. These values are similar to those found for other Pacific margins dominated by nonaccretionary subduction zone processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000TC001223","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Vannucchi, P., Scholl, D., Meschede, M., and McDougall-Reid, K., 2001, Tectonic erosion and consequent collapse of the Pacific margin of Costa Rica: Combined implications from ODP leg 170, seismic offshore data, and regional geology of the Nicoya Peninsula: Tectonics, v. 20, no. 5, p. 649-668, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001223.","startPage":"649","endPage":"668","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478871,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000tc001223","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001223"},{"id":233653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba45ce4b08c986b3202a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vannucchi, P.","contributorId":41626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vannucchi","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meschede, M.","contributorId":91664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meschede","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDougall-Reid, K.","contributorId":70966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall-Reid","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022965,"text":"70022965 - 2001 - Geochemical and mineralogical controls on trace element release from the Penn Mine base-metal slag dump, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T10:45:55","indexId":"70022965","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and mineralogical controls on trace element release from the Penn Mine base-metal slag dump, California","docAbstract":"Base-metal slag deposits at the Penn Mine in Calaveras County, California, are a source of environmental contamination through leaching of potentially toxic elements. Historical Cu smelting at Penn Mine (1865-1919) generated approximately 200,000 m3 of slag. The slag deposits, which are flooded annually by a reservoir used for drinking water and irrigation, also may be in contact with acidic ground waters (pH < 4) from the adjacent mine area. Slags vary from grey to black, are glassy to crystalline, and range in size from coarse sand to large (0.6 ?? 0.7 ?? 1.5 m), tub-shaped casts. Metals are hosted by a variety of minerals and two glass phases. On the basis of mineralogy, slags are characterized by 4 main types: fayalite-rich, glassy, willemite-rich, and sulfide-rich. The ranges in metal and metalloid concentrations of 17 slag samples are: As, 0.0004-0.92; Ba, 0.13-2.9; Cd, 0.0014-1.4; Cu, 0.18-6.4; Pb, 0.02-11; and Zn, 3.2-28 wt.%. Leachates from Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure tests (acetic acid buffered at pH 4.93) on two wiltemite-rich slags contained Cd and Pb concentrations (up to 2.5 and 30 mg/l, respectively) in excess of US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulatory limits. Analyses of filtered (0.45 ??m) water, collected within the flooded slag dump during reservoir drawdown, reveal concentrations of Cd (1.7 ??g/l), Cu (35 ??g/l), and Zn (250 ??g/l) that exceed USEPA chronic toxicity guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Data from field and laboratory studies were used to develop geochemical models with the program EQ3/6 that simulate irreversible mass-transfer between slag deposits and reservoir waters. These models include kinetic rate laws for abiotic sulfide oxidation and surface-controlled dissolution of silicates, oxides, and glass. Calculations demonstrate that the main processes controlling dissolved metal concentrations are (1) dissolution of fayalite, willemite, and glass; (2) sulfide oxidation; and (3) secondary phase precipitation. Close agreement between model results and measured concentrations of Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, SiO2, and SO4 in the slag dump pore waters suggests that the dissolved concentrations of these elements are controlled by solubility equilibrium with secondary phases. Differences between predicted and measured Cd and Pb concentrations imply that field weathering rates of glass and sulfides are approximately two orders of magnitude lower than laboratory rates. Overprediction of Pb release may also reflect other attenuation processes in the natural system, such as sorption or coprecipitation. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00032-4","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Parsons, M., Bird, D., Einaudi, M., and Alpers, C.N., 2001, Geochemical and mineralogical controls on trace element release from the Penn Mine base-metal slag dump, California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 16, no. 14, p. 1567-1593, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00032-4.","startPage":"1567","endPage":"1593","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208202,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00032-4"}],"volume":"16","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15dee4b0c8380cd54f83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, M.B.","contributorId":63579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, D.K.","contributorId":24934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Einaudi, M.T.","contributorId":27201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Einaudi","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022959,"text":"70022959 - 2001 - Northward migration of the Cascadia forearc in the northwestern U.S. and implications for subduction deformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T16:22:38.190255","indexId":"70022959","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northward migration of the Cascadia forearc in the northwestern U.S. and implications for subduction deformation","docAbstract":"<p>Geologic and paleomagnetic data from the Cascadia forearc indicate long-term northward migration and clockwise rotation of an Oregon coastal block with respect to North America. Paleomagnetic rotation of coastal Oregon is linked by a Klamath Mountains pole to geodetically and geologically determined motion of the Sierra Nevada block to derive a new Oregon Coast—North America (OC-NA) pole of rotation and velocity field. This long-term velocity field, which is independent of Pacific Northwest GPS data, is interpreted to be the result of Basin-Range extension and Pacific-North America dextral shear. The resulting Oregon Coast pole compares favorably to those derived solely from GPS data, although uncertainties are large. Subtracting the long-term motion from forearc GPS velocities reveals ENE motion with respect to an OC reference frame that is parallel to the direction of Juan de Fuca-OC convergence and decreases inland. We interpret this to be largely the result of subduction-related deformation. The adjusted mean GPS velocities are generally subparallel to those predicted from elastic dislocation models for Cascadia, but more definitive interpretations await refinement of the present large uncertainty in the Sierra Nevada block motion.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/BF03352384","issn":"13438832","usgsCitation":"Wells, R., and Simpson, R., 2001, Northward migration of the Cascadia forearc in the northwestern U.S. and implications for subduction deformation: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 53, no. 4, p. 275-283, https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352384.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"283","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/bf03352384","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -128.759765625,\n              50.736455137010665\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.90283203125,\n              50.05008477838256\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.7822265625,\n              49.51094351526262\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.61767578124999,\n              48.80686346108517\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8486328125,\n              48.4146186174932\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8486328125,\n              48.19538740833338\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.65087890624999,\n              47.724544549099676\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.25537109375,\n              46.86019101567027\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1015625,\n              46.240651955001695\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84912109375,\n              46.17983040759436\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16796875,\n              47.234489635299184\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.32177734375,\n              48.22467264956519\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9150390625,\n              49.095452162534826\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.72802734375,\n              49.61070993807422\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.46386718749999,\n              50.62507306341435\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.28759765624999,\n              50.86144411058924\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.81494140625,\n              51.11041991029264\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.00146484375,\n              50.88917404890332\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.759765625,\n              50.736455137010665\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a684ae4b0c8380cd7370c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022963,"text":"70022963 - 2001 - Digital terrain modelling and industrial surface metrology - Converging crafts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70022963","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2055,"text":"International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital terrain modelling and industrial surface metrology - Converging crafts","docAbstract":"Quantitative characterisation of surface form, increasingly from digital 3-D height data, is cross-disciplinary and can be applied at any scale. Thus, separation of industrial-surface metrology from its Earth-science counterpart, (digital) terrain modelling, is artificial. Their growing convergence presents an opportunity to develop in surface morphometry a unified approach to surface representation. This paper introduces terrain modelling and compares it with metrology, noting their differences and similarities. Examples of potential redundancy among parameters illustrate one of the many issues common to both disciplines. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0890-6955(01)00052-9","issn":"08906955","usgsCitation":"Pike, R., 2001, Digital terrain modelling and industrial surface metrology - Converging crafts: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, v. 41, no. 13-14, p. 1881-1888, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6955(01)00052-9.","startPage":"1881","endPage":"1888","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208187,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6955(01)00052-9"}],"volume":"41","issue":"13-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a018fe4b0c8380cd4fc60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, R.J.","contributorId":72814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1002913,"text":"1002913 - 2001 - Life in the fast lane: Fish and foodweb structure in the main channel of large rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T16:17:07.967066","indexId":"1002913","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life in the fast lane: Fish and foodweb structure in the main channel of large rivers","docAbstract":"We studied the main channel of the lower Illinois River and of the Mississippi River just upstream and downstream of its confluence with the Illinois River to describe the abundance, composition, and/or seasonal appearance of components of the main-channel community. Abundance of fishes in the main channel was high, especially adults. Most adult fishes were present in the main channel for either 3 or 4 seasons/y, indicating that fishes regularly reside in the main channel. We documented abundant zooplankton and benthic invertebrates in the main channel, and the presence of these food types in the diets of channel catfish and freshwater drum. All trophic levels were well represented in the main channel, indicating that the main channel supports a unique food web. The main channel also serves as an important energetic link with other riverine habitats (e.g., floodplains, secondary channels, backwater lakes) because of the mobility of resident fishes and because of the varied energy sources supplying this food web. It may be more realistic to view energy flow in large-river systems as a combination of 3 existing concepts, the river continuum concept (downstream transport), the flood pulse concept (lateral transport to the floodplain), and the riverine productivity model (autochthonous production). We urge additional research to quantify the links between the main channel and other habitat types in large rivers because of the apparent importance of main-channel processes in the overall structure and function of large-river ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","publisherLocation":"Zion, IL","doi":"10.2307/1468320","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Dettmers, J., Wahl, D., Soluk, D., and Gutreuter, S., 2001, Life in the fast lane: Fish and foodweb structure in the main channel of large rivers: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 20, no. 2, p. 255-265, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468320.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"265","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River, Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.43614670402354,\n              38.97505683032054\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.48768806259645,\n              38.97612533627523\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52342340453973,\n              38.9649052196838\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.53991663928348,\n              38.972919770045706\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.54541438419763,\n              39.00603695692496\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5632820551696,\n              39.07169131110217\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.58046250802678,\n              39.077559866535864\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.59626852465713,\n              39.11062805041465\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.59901739711486,\n              39.12342447428256\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.61001288694317,\n              39.143147740933045\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.60726401448608,\n              39.16659524509686\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.59420687031417,\n              39.17991420952717\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.58596025294294,\n              39.20015420361577\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.58870912540002,\n              39.21027201459643\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.73989711054628,\n              39.20707707384719\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.74745650980341,\n              39.18204500972209\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.73508658374624,\n              39.171390362909335\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.72202943957433,\n              39.14954328966593\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.72065500334611,\n              39.13302026699671\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.69660236934523,\n              39.11596017612305\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.69660236934523,\n              39.09142905737809\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.71996778523135,\n              39.06528869402126\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.72202943957433,\n              39.0487459118325\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.68904297008814,\n              38.99482158058524\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.6842324432881,\n              38.977193826107225\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.68698131574516,\n              38.95849292649842\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.6752986078021,\n              38.932837950810864\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.66033503874793,\n              38.91165894513884\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65827338440496,\n              38.89668478700614\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.64246736777663,\n              38.89026632388769\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.62253804246171,\n              38.871542493573884\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.59092600920373,\n              38.859235575919485\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.57099668388878,\n              38.86084094686268\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.56275006651757,\n              38.85816530848879\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.53526134194553,\n              38.85816530848879\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.51876810720175,\n              38.86512175885272\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.51533201663058,\n              38.87796264835197\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.49883878188749,\n              38.89026632388769\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.49608990943042,\n              38.900963440168255\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.48097111091552,\n              38.91219367808796\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.48028389280142,\n              38.92502606024962\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.46928840297247,\n              38.937321582146524\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.43905080594335,\n              38.953890434687196\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.42530644365732,\n              38.94587373152922\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.40537711834241,\n              38.94159778578208\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.39438162851346,\n              38.94640820661482\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.36689290394139,\n              38.927699181104174\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.30357093175043,\n              38.910054722119014\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.28295438832139,\n              38.91379785276388\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.26577393546351,\n              38.89080121796786\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.24859348260632,\n              38.89561508343331\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.23828521089146,\n              38.89240587604198\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.20667317763416,\n              38.87207752862258\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.18674385231922,\n              38.85763016873295\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.12145813146027,\n              38.8431798731944\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.10015436991713,\n              38.84371512167192\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1029032423742,\n              38.853884077689315\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.15169572849005,\n              38.878497635070886\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.19086716100517,\n              38.89614993723336\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2348491203203,\n              38.92449142399087\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.28776491512141,\n              38.942666796396225\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3118175491223,\n              38.93678703855906\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.35648672655155,\n              38.95175273583334\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.40046868586668,\n              38.96938682301584\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.43614670402354,\n              38.97505683032054\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a24ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettmers, J.M.","contributorId":39724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettmers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wahl, David H.","contributorId":85532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soluk, D.A.","contributorId":90686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soluk","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015145,"text":"1015145 - 2001 - Modeling Klamath River system operations for quantity and quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T12:57:37","indexId":"1015145","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling Klamath River system operations for quantity and quality","docAbstract":"<p><span>Alternative water management scenarios for a portion of the mainstem Klamath River from Keno, Oregon, to Seiad Valley, California, were evaluated using computer models of water quantity (MODSIM) and quality (HEC-5Q). These models were used to explore the potential for changing system operations to improve summer/fall water quality conditions to benefit declining anadromous fish populations such as steelhead, coho, and fall chinook salmon. By comparing and contrasting several model simulation results, some operational strategies that could improve water quality were determined. Most of the alternatives evaluated decreased water temperature less than 2°C. For some alternatives, dissolved oxygen could be changed as much as 5 mg/L, but was often reduced, rather than increased (or improved). Resource managers need to be made aware that implementation of any strategy to enhance water quality conditions in the Klamath River could produce desirable beneficial results that are both spatially and temporally limited. In addition, undesirable water quality conditions, i.e., higher water temperature or lower dissolved oxygen concentration at other upstream or downstream locations, may also result.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2001)127:5(284)","usgsCitation":"Campbell, S.G., Hanna, R.B., Flug, M., and Scott, J.F., 2001, Modeling Klamath River system operations for quantity and quality: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 127, no. 5, p. 284-294, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2001)127:5(284).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.91802978515625,\n              42.12980284036179\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.94343566894533,\n              42.145587153809494\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.98944091796874,\n              42.162894457528154\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.01690673828124,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05261230468751,\n              42.15933157601718\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.07389831542969,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08763122558594,\n              42.10382653879911\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09587097167967,\n              42.08803181932636\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10479736328125,\n              42.05948945192712\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.11441040039061,\n              42.04011410708205\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12745666503905,\n              42.03144427637554\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16590881347656,\n              42.03144427637554\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.18788146972655,\n              42.03093424950211\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2071075439453,\n              42.014611228817955\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2174072265625,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.21809387207031,\n              41.97837956414176\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25311279296874,\n              41.97633772983207\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.29225158691406,\n              41.99011884096809\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.31353759765624,\n              42.00491745263065\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34649658203124,\n              42.001345689029755\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40280151367188,\n              41.98960848263661\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.46322631835938,\n              41.98705662960288\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.46871948242186,\n              41.95234127309011\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.47901916503906,\n              41.92322706102551\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54356384277344,\n              41.902788098873515\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.59849548339845,\n              41.883365022797314\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6019287109375,\n              41.850127648557326\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.66166687011719,\n              41.850127648557326\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.68913269042967,\n              41.86291329896065\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72071838378905,\n              41.8782527053381\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75985717773438,\n              41.875696393231\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.80586242675781,\n              41.879786443521795\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.83538818359375,\n              41.880297681402865\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.86285400390624,\n              41.86291329896065\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.89512634277345,\n              41.86086776666501\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.95829772949219,\n              41.84859319874276\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.00979614257812,\n              41.839385726930914\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.03794860839844,\n              41.82454867985508\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.04687499999999,\n              41.80356629705854\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.08258056640626,\n              41.80919639152055\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11004638671874,\n              41.83068856472101\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.13888549804686,\n              41.83887416186901\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.17733764648438,\n              41.84859319874276\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.2219696044922,\n              41.85575364964233\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22128295898436,\n              41.833246676287196\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18351745605469,\n              41.81891993477624\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11416625976562,\n              41.78257704086764\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.07365417480469,\n              41.77284798188914\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0413818359375,\n              41.77284798188914\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.00979614257812,\n              41.77694460766678\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.99674987792969,\n              41.797935707842974\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.99263000488281,\n              41.80714914168836\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.94868469238281,\n              41.822501920711105\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.91709899902344,\n              41.82915364870957\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.88345336914062,\n              41.82199022070215\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84980773925781,\n              41.81891993477624\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.82577514648438,\n              41.81636125072054\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.80929565429688,\n              41.84705871212191\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.78526306152345,\n              41.84501267270689\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.76809692382811,\n              41.840408844786396\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72964477539062,\n              41.84194349089866\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.69599914550781,\n              41.833246676287196\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.68638610839842,\n              41.825060359418046\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.62733459472655,\n              41.81380246443789\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.58338928222658,\n              41.81636125072054\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.55386352539062,\n              41.83733944214672\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53532409667967,\n              41.8649587658193\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.52708435058594,\n              41.880297681402865\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4755859375,\n              41.891032732083765\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.43850708007811,\n              41.89818843043047\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.43026733398438,\n              41.9155632172071\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.41790771484375,\n              41.93548729665268\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40211486816406,\n              41.951830611989124\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35816955566406,\n              41.951830611989124\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.31216430664061,\n              41.94825586972943\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.24349975585938,\n              41.94774517589915\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.18650817871094,\n              41.96204305667252\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16728210449219,\n              41.98603585974727\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16316223144531,\n              41.999304591234996\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12333679199219,\n              42.010019624240606\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09930419921876,\n              42.01206037830709\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.07939147949217,\n              42.030424218536325\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.07183837890625,\n              42.05337156043361\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05055236816405,\n              42.09312731992276\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02308654785156,\n              42.115542659613865\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00592041015626,\n              42.12216385695591\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.96266174316406,\n              42.11859868281563\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.94549560546875,\n              42.116052007048246\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.91802978515625,\n              42.12980284036179\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Sharon G.","contributorId":23173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanna, R. Blair","contributorId":67547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blair","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flug, Marshall","contributorId":56404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flug","given":"Marshall","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, John F.","contributorId":64418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015149,"text":"1015149 - 2001 - Roosting habits of four bat species in the Black Hills of South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-16T22:55:55","indexId":"1015149","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":629,"text":"Acta Chiropterologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roosting habits of four bat species in the Black Hills of South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The availability of suitable roosts influences the distribution and abundance of bats. Quantifying roosting requirements is a necessary step toward effectively monitoring, managing, and conserving bats. Our objectives were to locate and characterize the natural, daytime summer roosts of <i>Myotis septentrionalis</i>, <i>M. thysanodes</i>, <i>M. volans</i>, and <i>Eptesicus</i> <i>fuscus</i> in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA and compare local roosts to those used in other regions. Bats were marked with radio transmitters and followed to roosts. We successfully tracked 37 bats of four species to a total of 81 roosts. <i>Myotis septentrionalis</i> and <i>E. fuscus</i> consistently used trees, while <i>M. thysanodes</i> and <i>M. volans</i> used both trees and rock crevices. Roost trees were consistently among the largest available and were found in areas of relatively high snag densities. Maintaining forests with high snag densities and large trees will likely benefit bat populations in the Black Hills. All species switched roosts, but generally remained within small (≈4 km<sup>2</sup>) areas. Lactating <i>M. thysanodes</i> changed roosts together while carrying young. Fidelity to roosts and roost areas was demonstrated by bats in the Black Hills.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Cryan, P., Bogan, M., and Yanega, G., 2001, Roosting habits of four bat species in the Black Hills of South Dakota: Acta Chiropterologica, v. 3, no. 1, p. 43-52.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cc0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cryan, P.M.","contributorId":82635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bogan, M.A.","contributorId":17939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yanega, G.M.","contributorId":40174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanega","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015146,"text":"1015146 - 2001 - Susceptibility of the Siberian polecat to subcutaneous and oral Yersinia pestis exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T13:16:54","indexId":"1015146","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Susceptibility of the Siberian polecat to subcutaneous and oral <i>Yersinia pestis</i> exposure","title":"Susceptibility of the Siberian polecat to subcutaneous and oral Yersinia pestis exposure","docAbstract":"<p><span>To determine if the Siberian polecat (</span><i>Mustela eversmannii</i><span>) represents a suitable model for the study of plague pathogenesis and prevention in the black-footed ferret (</span><i>Mustela nigripes</i><span>), polecats were exposed to 10</span><sup>3</sup><span>, 10</span><sup>7</sup><span>, or 10</span><sup>10</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Yersinia pestis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>organisms by subcutaneous injection; an additional group was exposed to<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Y. pestis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>via ingestion of a plague-killed mouse. Plague killed 88% of polecats exposed to<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Y. pestis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(71% mortality in the 10</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>group, 100% mortality in the 10</span><sup>7</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and 10</span><sup>10</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>groups, and 83% mortality in the mouse-fed group). Within the challenged group, mean day of death post-challenge ranged from 3.6 to 7.6 days; all polecats died on or before day 12 post-challenge. Animals receiving the lowest parenteral dose survived significantly longer than those receiving higher parenteral doses. Within challenged animals, mean survival time was lower in those presenting with significant weight loss by day 3, lethargy, and low fecal output; time to onset of lethargy and other signs was also related to risk of dying and/or plague dose. Six polecats developed serum antibody titers to the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Y. pestis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>F1 protein. Three seropositive polecats survived the initial challenge and a subsequent exposure to a plague-killed mouse, while two seropositive animals later died. This study confirms that the Siberian polecat is susceptible to plague and suggests that this species will offer an appropriate surrogate for black-footed ferrets in future plague studies and related vaccine trials.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.746","usgsCitation":"Castle, K., Biggins, D., Carter, L., Chu, M., Innes, K., and Wimsatt, J., 2001, Susceptibility of the Siberian polecat to subcutaneous and oral Yersinia pestis exposure: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 37, no. 4, p. 746-754, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.746.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"746","endPage":"754","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.746","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castle, K.T.","contributorId":60592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, D.","contributorId":53343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, L.G.","contributorId":105676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chu, M.","contributorId":74722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Innes, Kim","contributorId":47744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Innes","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wimsatt, J.","contributorId":78289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimsatt","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1014949,"text":"1014949 - 2001 - Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon eggs to mechanical shock during the first six hours after fertilization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T19:43:27.875695","indexId":"1014949","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon eggs to mechanical shock during the first six hours after fertilization","docAbstract":"<p><span>Eggs from six domestic adult Atlantic salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>&nbsp;and six sea-run kelts (wild adults held over for a second spawning season) were tested at 0.5 to 6 h after fertilization for sensitivity to mechanical shock produced by dropping eggs from measured heights. Estimates of drop height and force causing 10% (lethal tolerance, LT90) and 25% (LT75) mortality were used to project egg sensitivity to handling while collecting, disinfecting, and transporting eggs to incubation facilities. Differences in LT90 and LT75 drop height or force were not significant among sample times up to 6 h postfertilization. The LT90 estimates of drop heights and force were 23.5–26.9 cm and 5,200–6,000 ergs for domestic eggs and 17.5–38.5 cm or 3,500–7,700 ergs for kelt eggs. The LT75 estimates of drop height and force were 46.1–60.3 cm and 10,200–13,400 ergs for domestic stock eggs and 43.7–65.1 cm and 8,800–13,100 ergs for kelt eggs. Variability in egg shock sensitivity among individual females was high and similar to differences in 24-h mortality observed in eggs transported for incubation. Our results show that a single dropping of eggs from a height of 17.5–38.5 cm could cause 10% egg mortality before eggs are incubated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8454(2001)063<0034:SOASET>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krise, W.F., 2001, Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon eggs to mechanical shock during the first six hours after fertilization: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 63, no. 1, p. 34-37, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8454(2001)063<0034:SOASET>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8454(2001)063<0034:soaset>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"North Attleboro, Sunderland","otherGeospatial":"Cronin National Salmon Station, North Attleboro National Fish Hatchery","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.28966248556237,\n              41.988865600504624\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28897584005476,\n              41.988642314842195\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28627217336806,\n              41.99039668109171\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28301060720575,\n              41.99125789773859\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28245270773078,\n              41.99125789773859\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28189480825579,\n              41.99071565157877\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28034985586284,\n              41.99052426947844\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28026402517465,\n              41.99084323932615\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.27944863363372,\n              41.99170444993126\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28056443258433,\n              41.99250185676914\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28176606222249,\n              41.99205531017074\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28210938497664,\n              41.992374272346325\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28236687704192,\n              41.99349062737366\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.2816802315343,\n              41.993586314036776\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28198063894399,\n              41.99470264780581\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28095067068224,\n              41.99451127769322\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28030694051839,\n              41.99521296529366\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.27996361776493,\n              41.99597843385223\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28086483999404,\n              41.9984342499929\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.27979195638787,\n              41.99888075183671\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.27979195638787,\n              41.99945482103209\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.27944863363372,\n              42.000124561881734\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28030694051839,\n              42.00095375507237\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28116524740378,\n              42.00251643594456\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28202355428843,\n              42.00382395575525\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.2828818611731,\n              42.0049082200963\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28073609396073,\n              42.00535467651312\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28142273946902,\n              42.005960576639325\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28266728445159,\n              42.00634324742978\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28477013631955,\n              42.006375136558574\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28760254903885,\n              42.00337748859695\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28927624746444,\n              42.00108132229607\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.29082119985677,\n              41.99833857061881\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.2918511681185,\n              41.995723278689184\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.29129326864353,\n              41.99470264780581\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.28966248556237,\n              41.988865600504624\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.53127226486677,\n              42.428810352608224\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.53311143185552,\n              42.43130434937939\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.53584879667619,\n              42.43316688983248\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.5379018202919,\n              42.43411392307331\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.53880001812384,\n              42.43408235552951\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.539441588004,\n              42.433861382275296\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.53952713065436,\n              42.433387865535394\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.53995484390758,\n              42.432567094711885\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.54205063884878,\n              42.432125136739245\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.54329100728289,\n              42.4322829792298\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.54427474776588,\n              42.43209356819327\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.54059641378774,\n              42.42754753159073\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.53127226486677,\n              42.428810352608224\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f78fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015153,"text":"1015153 - 2001 - Effects of physical disturbance and granivory on establishment of native and alien riparian trees in Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T10:59:53","indexId":"1015153","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of physical disturbance and granivory on establishment of native and alien riparian trees in Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"<p>In western North America, the alien <i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> L. invades riparian habitats usually dominated by pioneer woody species such as <i>Populus deltoides</i> Marshall ssp. <i>monilifera</i> (Aiton) Eckenwalder<i>.</i> We conducted manipulative field experiments to compare the importance of physical disturbance and granivory for seedling establishment of these two species. We planted seeds of both species in disturbed and undisturbed study plots, and used exclosures, seed dish trials and live-trapping to assess the role of granivory. Seedling establishment of both species was increased by physical disturbance and seeds of both species were subject to granivory. However, the relative importance of these two factors differed between species. For <i>P. deltoides</i>, lack of physical disturbance prevented seedling establishment in uncleared subplots, but granivory did not prevent seedling establishment outside of exclosures. For <i>E. angustifolia</i>, granivory prevented seedling establishment outside of exclosures, but lack of physical disturbance did not prevent establishment in uncleared subplots. The lesser dependence on disturbance may enable <i>E. angustifolia</i> to invade areas characterized by low levels of fluvial disturbance, such as floodplains along regulated rivers, where <i>P. deltoides</i> recruitment does not occur. Populations of granivorous rodents may affect the susceptibility of riparian ecosystems to invasion by <i>E. angustifolia</i>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1472-4642.2001.00093.x","usgsCitation":"Katz, G., Friedman, J.M., and Beatty, S., 2001, Effects of physical disturbance and granivory on establishment of native and alien riparian trees in Colorado, USA: Diversity and Distributions, v. 7, no. 1-2, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2001.00093.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478997,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2001.00093.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, G.L.","contributorId":8800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beatty, S.W.","contributorId":18323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beatty","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023911,"text":"70023911 - 2001 - Variability of metals in reservoir sediment from two adjacent basins in the central Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023911","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of metals in reservoir sediment from two adjacent basins in the central Great Plains","docAbstract":"Reservoir-sediment cores were used to investigate sediment quality in two adjacent basins in the central Great Plains. A total of 18 metals were analyzed to determine and compare concentration magnitudes and trends within and between the two basins. Temporal patterns (bottom to top of core) and ranges in metal concentrations were similar between the two basins; spatial patterns (upstream to downstream), however, showed no similarities. Sediment quality was assessed for eight metals that have federally established sediment-quality guidelines. Of the eight metals, several had concentrations that exceeded threshold effect levels for aquatic organisms. However, the concentrations were less than established probable effect levels. For both basins, increasing trends were indicated for As, Sr, and Se. The trends may be related to both natural conditions and increased irrigation activities in both basins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s002540000183","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V., and Juracek, K.E., 2001, Variability of metals in reservoir sediment from two adjacent basins in the central Great Plains: Environmental Geology, v. 40, no. 4-5, p. 470-481, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540000183.","startPage":"470","endPage":"481","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207254,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540000183"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc139e4b08c986b32a4ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, V.G.","contributorId":23583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"V.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014948,"text":"1014948 - 2001 - Evidence for nutritional disease a Lake Victoria cichlid, Haplochromis (Prognathochromis) perrieri (Pellegrin): a clinical assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:20","indexId":"1014948","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2176,"text":"Journal of Aquariculture and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for nutritional disease a Lake Victoria cichlid, Haplochromis (Prognathochromis) perrieri (Pellegrin): a clinical assessment","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquariculture and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"01-101/FH","usgsCitation":"Klinger, R., Francis-Floyd, R., Blazer, V., and Huckins, C., 2001, Evidence for nutritional disease a Lake Victoria cichlid, Haplochromis (Prognathochromis) perrieri (Pellegrin): a clinical assessment: Journal of Aquariculture and Aquatic Sciences, v. 9, p. 229-236.","productDescription":"p. 229-236","startPage":"229","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9994","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klinger, R.C.","contributorId":98255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klinger","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Francis-Floyd, R.","contributorId":84700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis-Floyd","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huckins, C.","contributorId":54934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}