During 1997–1998, we undertook an aerial survey, with an aerial line-intercept technique, to estimate the extent of colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in the northern Great Plains states of Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. We stratified the survey based on knowledge of colony locations, computed 2 types of estimates for each stratum, and combined ratio estimates for high-density strata with average density estimates for low-density strata. Estimates of colony areas for black-tailed prairie dogs were derived from the average percentages of lines intercepting prairie dog colonies and ratio estimators. We selected the best estimator based on the correlation between length of transect line and length of intercepted colonies. Active colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs occupied 2,377.8 km2 ± 186.4 SE, whereas inactive colonies occupied 560.4 ± 89.2 km2. These data represent the 1st quantitative assessment of black-tailed prairie dog colonies in the northern Great Plains. The survey dispels popular notions that millions of hectares of colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs exist in the northern Great Plains and can form the basis for future survey efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0928:EAEOCO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Sidle, J.G., Johnson, D.H., and Euliss, B., 2001, Estimated areal extent of colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs in the northern Great Plains: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 82, no. 4, p. 928-936, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0928:EAEOCO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"928","endPage":"936","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0928:eaeoco>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd4cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sidle, John G.","contributorId":77099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001704,"text":"1001704 - 2001 - Frequency of egg and nestling destruction by female brown-headed cowbirds at grassland nests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T11:19:25","indexId":"1001704","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequency of egg and nestling destruction by female brown-headed cowbirds at grassland nests","docAbstract":"Researchers have suggested that Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) destroy nest contents of potential hosts to induce renesting and thus enhance future opportunities for parasitism. Although cowbird destruction of passerine nests has been witnessed and surmised, few data are available on frequency of those events. We used miniature video-cameras at nests of grassland passerines and documented partial or complete destruction of eggs or nestlings by cowbirds at 7 of 132 nests monitored with cameras. At least three of the seven cases appeared to be attempts to totally destroy the nest contents; those cowbirds did not appear to be motivated by food or an intent to parasitize the nest. Three cases probably were associated with parasitism, but two involved egg removal late in incubation and the third was unusually destructive. Cowbirds were responsible for 24% of egg losses and 5% of nestling losses caused by predators. The importance of cowbirds as an agent of egg and nestling loss undoubtedly varies among sites and years, but it should not be overlooked.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0765:FOEAND]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Granfors, D.A., Pietz, P., and Joyal, L.A., 2001, Frequency of egg and nestling destruction by female brown-headed cowbirds at grassland nests: The Auk, v. 118, no. 3, p. 765-769, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0765:FOEAND]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"769","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol118/iss3/20","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a864e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granfors, Diane A.","contributorId":174567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granfors","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. ppietz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela J.","email":"ppietz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":311550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joyal, Lisa A.","contributorId":174596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joyal","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022802,"text":"70022802 - 2001 - Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70022802","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2997,"text":"Palaeontologia Electronica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA","docAbstract":"The middle Pliocene warm period represents a unique time slice in which to model and understand climatic processes operating under a warm climatic regime. Palaeoclimatic model simulations, focussed on the United States of America (USA), for the middle Pliocene (ca 3 Ma) were generated using the USGS PRISM2 2?? ?? 2?? data set of boundary conditions and the UK Meteorological Office's HadAMS General Circulation Model (GCM). Model results suggest that conditions in the USA during the middle Pliocene can be characterised as annually warmer (by 2?? to 4??C), less seasonal, wetter (by a maximum of 4 to 8 mm/day) and with an absence of freezing winters over the central and southern Great Plains. A sensitivity experiment suggests that the main forcing mechanisms for surface temperature changes in near coastal areas are the imposed Pliocene sea surface temperatures (SST's). In interior regions, reduced Northern Hemisphere terrestrial ice, combined with less snow cover and a reduction in the elevation of the western cordillera of North America, generate atmospheric circulation changes and positive albedo feedbacks that raise surface temperatures. A complex set of climatic feedback mechanisms cause an enhancement of the hydrological cycle magnifying the moisture bearing westerly wind belt during the winter season (Dec., Jan., Feb.). Predictions produced by the model are in broad agreement with available geological evidence. However, the GCM appears to underestimate precipitation levels in the interior and central regions of the southern USA. Copyright: Palaeontological Association, 22 June 2001.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeontologia Electronica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10948074","usgsCitation":"Haywood, A., Valdes, P., Sellwood, B., Kaplan, J., and Dowsett, H., 2001, Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA: Palaeontologia Electronica, v. 4, no. 1.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c6de4b0c8380cd6fcaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haywood, A.M.","contributorId":101050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valdes, P.J.","contributorId":77331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sellwood, B.W.","contributorId":78509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sellwood","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaplan, J.O.","contributorId":97288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022801,"text":"70022801 - 2001 - Effect of flooding and draw-down disturbance on germination from a seashore meadow seed bank","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T18:02:08.087375","indexId":"70022801","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of flooding and draw-down disturbance on germination from a seashore meadow seed bank","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of flooding and draw-down on the germination from the coastal grassland seed banks and to determine whether the effect of flooding varies between the delta and the seashore. Seed bank samples were collected from three shore transects in SW Finland, two on the shore of the Baltic Sea and one on the delta of River Kokemäenjoki. Samples were germinated in non-flooded and flooded conditions for over a month, after which both treatments were maintained in non-flooded conditions. A total of 9267 seedlings of 47 species germinated and mean density of seeds in the soil was ca. 84 000/m2. Most of the seedlings were monocots (98%) and perennials (98%). Ca. 30–40% of the species found in the above-ground vegetation had a seed bank including the majority of the most abundant species. The number of seeds and species richness increased as the organic layer became thicker. The organic layer was thicker in the seashore samples and the seed bank was significantly larger than in the delta. The flooding and draw-down treatment significantly increased the number of germinating seedlings in the seashore and also increased species richness in two transects, one in the delta and the other in the seashore. Two species, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani and Typha latifolia, had significantly higher germination in the flooded treatment than in the non-flooded. Apparently, many species in these coastal grasslands have adapted to flood disturbance and for seeds of some species flooding may work as a positive signal, possibly breaking dormancy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3236914","issn":"11009233","usgsCitation":"Jutila, H., 2001, Effect of flooding and draw-down disturbance on germination from a seashore meadow seed bank: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 12, no. 5, p. 729-738, https://doi.org/10.2307/3236914.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"738","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Finland","city":"Pori","otherGeospatial":"Baltic Sea, River Kokemäenjoki","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 21.780488681627276,\n 61.47804025582491\n ],\n [\n 21.81344766600199,\n 61.50032744706715\n ],\n [\n 21.688478183579292,\n 61.56643944721529\n ],\n [\n 21.637666416001338,\n 61.62066386294475\n ],\n [\n 21.560762119126082,\n 61.683914407180055\n ],\n [\n 21.511323642564662,\n 61.72557589981159\n ],\n [\n 21.354768466782417,\n 61.69107898135459\n ],\n [\n 21.3767411230327,\n 61.63241085852144\n ],\n [\n 21.45089883787614,\n 61.60564732276757\n ],\n [\n 21.5566422460804,\n 61.571016255049585\n ],\n [\n 21.670625400375997,\n 61.548779719062736\n ],\n [\n 21.72418374998577,\n 61.48721926745159\n ],\n [\n 21.780488681627276,\n 61.47804025582491\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05dfe4b0c8380cd50fdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jutila, H.M.","contributorId":24137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jutila","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022800,"text":"70022800 - 2001 - Aquifer/aquitard interfaces: Mixing zones that enhance biogeochemical reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70022800","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquifer/aquitard interfaces: Mixing zones that enhance biogeochemical reactions","docAbstract":"Several important biogeochemical reactions are known to occur near the interface between aquifer and aquitard sediments. These reactions include O2 reduction; denitrification; and Fe3+, SO42-, and CO2 (methanogenesis) reduction. In some settings, these reactions occur on the aquitard side of the interface as electron acceptors move from the aquifer into the electron-donor-enriched aquitard. In other settings, these reactions occur on the aquifer side of the interface as electron donors move from the aquitard into the electron-acceptor-enriched, or microorganism-enriched, aquifer. Thus, the aquifer/aquitard interface represents a mixing zone capable of supporting greater microbial activity than either hydrogeologic unit alone. The extent to which biogeochemical reactions proceed in the mixing zone and the width of the mixing zone depend on several factors, including the abundance and solubility of electron acceptors and donors on either side of the interface and the rate at which electron acceptors and donors react and move across the interface. Biogeochemical reactions near the aquifer/aquitard interface can have a substantial influence on the chemistry of water in aquifers and on the chemistry of sediments near the interface.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s100400000109","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., 2001, Aquifer/aquitard interfaces: Mixing zones that enhance biogeochemical reactions: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 9, no. 1, p. 34-43, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400000109.","startPage":"34","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208097,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400000109"},{"id":233534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed29e4b0c8380cd49670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022798,"text":"70022798 - 2001 - Plant-uptake of uranium: Hydroponic and soil system studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T16:37:32.414473","indexId":"70022798","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2064,"text":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant-uptake of uranium: Hydroponic and soil system studies","docAbstract":"Limited information is available on screening and selection of terrestrial plants for uptake and translocation of uranium from soil. This article evaluates the removal of uranium from water and soil by selected plants, comparing plant performance in hydroponic systems with that in two soil systems (a sandy-loam soil and an organic-rich soil). Plants selected for this study were Sunflower (Helianthus giganteus), Spring Vetch (Vicia sativa), Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa), Juniper (Juniperus monosperma), Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea), and Bush Bean (Phaseolus nanus).
Plant performance was evaluated both in terms of the percent uranium extracted from the three systems, as well as the biological absorption coefficient (BAC) that normalized uranium uptake to plant biomass. Study results indicate that uranium extraction efficiency decreased sharply across hydroponic, sandy and organic soil systems, indicating that soil organic matter sequestered uranium, rendering it largely unavailable for plant uptake. These results indicate that site-specific soils must be used to screen plants for uranium extraction capability; plant behavior in hydroponic systems does not correlate well with that in soil systems. One plant species, Juniper, exhibited consistent uranium extraction efficiencies and BACs in both sandy and organic soils, suggesting unique uranium extraction capabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15226510108500056","issn":"15226514","usgsCitation":"Ramaswami, A., Carr, P., and Burkhardt, M., 2001, Plant-uptake of uranium: Hydroponic and soil system studies: International Journal of Phytoremediation, v. 3, no. 2, p. 189-201, https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510108500056.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"201","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c05e4b0c8380cd79755","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramaswami, A.","contributorId":76100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramaswami","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, P.","contributorId":7050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkhardt, M.","contributorId":107889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022797,"text":"70022797 - 2001 - Observations of Daily Temperature Patterns in the Southern Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70022797","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Observations of Daily Temperature Patterns in the Southern Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"Temperature is an important factor affecting key hydrological and ecological processes within the subtropical wetlands of the Florida Everglades. Comprehensive measurements are being made to quantify the temporal and spatial variability of the water-temperature regime. Data collected in 2000 at a location near the central flow pathway of the ecosystem showed both daily repetitive cycles and dynamic fluctuations in response to meteorological forces. Time-series data collected at spatial intervals throughout the water column, in the air, and in the underlying plant-litter layer revealed the dynamic nature of the temperature structure, e.g., uniformly well-mixed periods, stratified conditions, inversions, changing vertical gradients, and other characteristics important to understanding ecosystem processes.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference","conferenceDate":"27 August 2001 through 31 August 2001","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0784405816","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R., and Jenter, H., 2001, Observations of Daily Temperature Patterns in the Southern Florida Everglades, in Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference, Reno, NV, 27 August 2001 through 31 August 2001, p. 679-682.","startPage":"679","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a7fe4b0c8380cd741ca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hayes D.F.Hayes D.F.","contributorId":128356,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hayes D.F.Hayes D.F.","id":536485,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, R.W.","contributorId":61468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenter, H. L.","contributorId":25167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"H. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022796,"text":"70022796 - 2001 - Finding disease-carrying mosquitoes from space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70022796","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Finding disease-carrying mosquitoes from space","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Guptill, S., 2001, Finding disease-carrying mosquitoes from space: Geotimes, v. 46, no. 10, p. 26-27.","startPage":"26","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a101be4b0c8380cd53b1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guptill, S.C.","contributorId":84417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guptill","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022795,"text":"70022795 - 2001 - 1857 slip on the San Andreas fault Southeast of Cholame, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70022795","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"1857 slip on the San Andreas fault Southeast of Cholame, California","docAbstract":"Sieh and Jahns (1984) forecasted that the next moderate Parkfield earthquake might trigger a major earthquake along a fault segment greater than 30 km long southeast of Cholame. Their forecast assumed (1) the slip was 3-4 m in 1857 and characteristic of the segment; (2) a slip rate of 3.4 cm/yr; and (3) full strain release in earthquakes. This study represents an independent measurement of channel offsets, on 1:2400-scale low-sun aerial photographs and by field investigation, to estimate the amount of 1857 slip. Although rainfall is only moderate (30 cm/yr), few reliable offsets of less than 20 m persist here because cattle grazing and agricultural disking of soft sediments on the steep terrain greatly aggravate erosion. Reconstruction of offset geometry and size depends heavily on assumptions made about the post-1857 erosion. Most of the apparent 3- to 4-m offsets of Sieh and Jahns (1984) can also be measured as 2 to 3 m larger with equal or lower uncertainty. The four offsets judged as most reliable range between 5.4 and 6.7 m, and the 11 offsets of medium-high reliability average 5.8 ?? 0.3 m. Data are too sparse and ambiguous to resolve details of the 1857 slip for this segment but it is distinctly less than the 9 m of the Carrizo Plain and more than the 3-4 m previously estimated. Further trenching may refine some measurements, but probability calculations for a Cholame segment earthquake must allow for large observer-dependent uncertainty in the 1857 slip. Although the probability of an M ???7 Cholame event seems less than that suggested by a 3.5-m characteristic earthquake model, it remains among the highest in the state.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000043","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., 2001, 1857 slip on the San Andreas fault Southeast of Cholame, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 6, p. 1659-1672, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000043.","startPage":"1659","endPage":"1672","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208080,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000043"},{"id":233492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e229e4b0c8380cd459e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022794,"text":"70022794 - 2001 - Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits through geological time: Implications from recent age-dating research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70022794","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits through geological time: Implications from recent age-dating research","docAbstract":"Remarkable advances in age dating Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) lead-zinc deposits provide a new opportunity to understand how and where these deposits form in the Earth's crust. These dates are summarized and examined in a framework of global tectonics, paleogeography, fluid migration, and paleoclimate. Nineteen districts have been dated by paleomagnetic and/or radiometric methods. Of the districts that have both paleomagnetic and radiometric dates, only the Pine Point and East Tennessee districts have significant disagreements. This broad agreement between paleomagnetic and radiometric dates provides added confidence in the dating techniques used. The new dates confirm the direct connection between the genesis of MVT lead-zinc ores with global-scale tectonic events. The dates show that MVT deposits formed mainly during large contractional tectonic events at restricted times in the history of the Earth. Only the deposits in the Lennard Shelf of Australia and Nanisivik in Canada have dates that correspond to extensional tectonic events. The most important period for MVT genesis was the Devonian to Permian time, which corresponds to a series of intense tectonic events during the assimilation of Pangea. The second most important period for MVT genesis was Cretaceous to Tertiary time when microplate assimilation affected the western margin of North America and Africa-Eurasia. There is a notable paucity of MVT lead-zinc ore formation following the breakup of Rodinia and Pangea. Of the five MVT deposits hosted in Proterozoic rocks, only the Nanisivik deposit has been dated as Proterozoic. The contrast in abundance between SEDEX and MVT lead-zinc deposits in the Proterozoic questions the frequently suggested notion that the two types of ores share similar genetic paths. The ages of MVT deposits, when viewed with respect to the orogenic cycle in the adjacent orogen suggest that no single hydrologic model can be universally applied to the migration of the ore fluids. However, topographically driven models best explain most MVT districts. The migration of MVT ore fluids is not a natural consequence of basin evolution; rather, MVT districts formed mainly where platform carbonates had some hydrological connection to orogenic belts. There may be a connection between paleoclimate and the formation of some MVT deposits. This possible relationship is suggested by the dominance of evaporated seawater in fluid inclusions in MVT ores, by hydrological considerations that include the need for multiple-basin volumes of ore fluid to form most MVT districts, and the need for adequate precipitation to provide sufficient topographic head for topographically-driven fluid migration. Paleoclimatic conditions that lead to formation of evaporite conditions but yet have adequate precipitation to form large hydrological systems are most commonly present in low latitudes. For the MVT deposits and districts that have been dated, more than 75% of the combined metal produced are from deposits that have dates that correspond to assembly of Pangea in Devonian through Permian time. The exceptional endowment of Pangea and especially, North America with MVT lead-zinc deposits may be explained by the following: (1) Laurentia, which formed the core of North America, stayed in low latitudes during the Paleozoic, which allowed the development of vast carbonate platforms; (2) intense orogenic activity during the assembly of Pangea created ground preparation for many MVT districts through far-field deformation of the craton; (3) uplifted orogenic belts along Pangean suture zones established large-scale migration of basin fluids; and (4) the location of Pangea in low latitudes with paleoclimates with high evaporation rates led to the formation of brines by the evaporation of seawater and infiltration of these brines into deep basin aquifers during Pangean orogenic events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s001260100208","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Leach, D.L., Bradley, D., Lewchuk, M.T., Symons, D.T., De Marsily, G., and Brannon, J., 2001, Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits through geological time: Implications from recent age-dating research: Mineralium Deposita, v. 36, no. 8, p. 711-740, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001260100208.","startPage":"711","endPage":"740","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208061,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260100208"},{"id":233456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b5ae4b0c8380cd6f4ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, D.","contributorId":20087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewchuk, Michael T.","contributorId":74890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewchuk","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Symons, David T. A.","contributorId":26824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"De Marsily, G.","contributorId":8262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Marsily","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brannon, J.","contributorId":33890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannon","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70023409,"text":"70023409 - 2001 - Predictions of sediment toxicity using consensus-based freshwater sediment quality guidelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T12:20:40","indexId":"70023409","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictions of sediment toxicity using consensus-based freshwater sediment quality guidelines","docAbstract":"The objectives of this study were to compare approaches for evaluating the combined effects of chemical mixtures on the toxicity in field-collected sediments and to evaluate the ability of consensus-based probable effect concentrations (PECs) to predict toxicity in a freshwater database on both a national and regional geographic basis. A database was developed from 92 published reports, which included a total of 1,657 samples with high-quality matching sediment toxicity and chemistry data from across North America. The database was comprised primarily of 10- to 14-day or 28- to 42-day toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca (designated as the HA10 or HA28 tests) and 10- to 14-day toxicity tests with the midges Chironomus tentans or C. riparius (designated as the CS10 test). Mean PEC quotients were calculated to provide an overall measure of chemical contamination and to support an evaluation of the combined effects of multiple contaminants in sediments. There was an overall increase in the incidence of toxicity with an increase in the mean quotients in all three tests. A consistent increase in the toxicity in all three tests occurred at a mean quotient > 0.5, however, the overall incidence of toxicity was greater in the HA28 test compared to the short-term tests. The longer-term tests, in which survival and growth are measured, tend to be more sensitive than the shorter-term tests, with acute to chronic ratios on the order of six indicated for H. azteca. Different patterns were observed among the various procedures used to calculate mean quotients. For example, in the HA28 test, a relatively abrupt increase in toxicity was associated with elevated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alone or with elevated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) alone, compared to the pattern of a gradual increase in toxicity observed with quotients calculated using a combination of metals, PAHs, and PCBs. These analyses indicate that the different patterns in toxicity may be the result of unique chemical signals associated with individual contaminants in samples. Though mean quotients can be used to classify samples as toxic or nontoxic, individual quotients might be useful in helping identify substances that may be causing or substantially contributing to the observed toxicity. An increase in the incidence of toxicity was observed with increasing mean quotients within most of the regions, basins, and areas in North America for all three toxicity tests. The results of these analyses indicate that the consensus-based PECs can be used to reliably predict toxicity of sediments on both a regional and national basis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010216","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, C., MacDonald, D., Wang, N., Crane, J., Field, L., Haverland, P., Kemble, N., Lindskoog, R., Severn, C., and Smorong, D., 2001, Predictions of sediment toxicity using consensus-based freshwater sediment quality guidelines: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 8-21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010216.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207426,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010216"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81fbe4b0c8380cd7b833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacDonald, D.D.","contributorId":41986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crane, J.L.","contributorId":47947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Field, L.J.","contributorId":103836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haverland, P.S.","contributorId":34672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haverland","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lindskoog, R.A.","contributorId":91659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskoog","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Severn, C.","contributorId":33189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smorong, D.E.","contributorId":31155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smorong","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70022791,"text":"70022791 - 2001 - Consumption of tropospheric levels of methyl bromide by C1 compound-utilizing bacteria and comparison to saturation kinetics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:59:18","indexId":"70022791","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consumption of tropospheric levels of methyl bromide by C1 compound-utilizing bacteria and comparison to saturation kinetics","docAbstract":"Pure cultures of methylotrophs and methanotrophs are known to oxidize methyl bromide (MeBr); however, their ability to oxidize tropospheric concentrations (parts per trillion by volume [pptv]) has not been tested. Methylotrophs and methanotrophs were able to consume MeBr provided at levels that mimicked the tropospheric mixing ratio of MeBr (12 pptv) at equilibrium with surface waters (≈2 pM). Kinetic investigations using picomolar concentrations of MeBr in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were performed using strain IMB-1 andLeisingeria methylohalidivorans strain MB2T— terrestrial and marine methylotrophs capable of halorespiration. First-order uptake of MeBr with no indication of threshold was observed for both strains. Strain MB2T displayed saturation kinetics in batch experiments using micromolar MeBr concentrations, with an apparent K s of 2.4 μM MeBr and aV max of 1.6 nmol h−1(106 cells)−1. Apparent first-order degradation rate constants measured with the CSTR were consistent with kinetic parameters determined in batch experiments, which used 35- to 1 × 107-fold-higher MeBr concentrations. Ruegeria algicola (a phylogenetic relative of strain MB2T), the common heterotrophs Escherichia coli andBacillus pumilus, and a toluene oxidizer,Pseudomonas mendocina KR1, were also tested. These bacteria showed no significant consumption of 12 pptv MeBr; thus, the ability to consume ambient mixing ratios of MeBr was limited to C1 compound-oxidizing bacteria in this study. Aerobic C1 bacteria may provide model organisms for the biological oxidation of tropospheric MeBr in soils and waters.
Area requirements of grassland birds have not been studied except in tallgrass prairie. We studied the relation between both species-occurrence and density and patch size by conducting 699 fixed-radius point counts of 15 bird species on 303 restored grassland areas in nine counties in four northern Great Plains states. Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis), Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Baird's Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii), Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii), and Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) were shown to favor larger grassland patches in one or more counties. Evidence of area sensitivity was weak or ambivalent for Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), and Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) preferred larger patches in some counties, and smaller patches in others. Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura) and Brown- headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) tended to favor smaller grassland patches. Three species showed greater area sensitivity in counties where each species was more common. Five species demonstrated some spatial pattern of area sensitivity, either north to south or east to west. This study demonstrates the importance of replication in space; results from one area may not apply to others because of differences in study design, analytical methods, location relative to range of the species, and surrounding landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0024:AROGBA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., and Igl, L.D., 2001, Area requirements of grassland birds: A regional perspective: The Auk, v. 118, no. 1, p. 24-34, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0024:AROGBA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0024:arogba]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679cbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022788,"text":"70022788 - 2001 - Dating Shuidonggou and the Upper Palaeolithic blade industry in North China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T14:17:58.994894","indexId":"70022788","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":819,"text":"Antiquity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating Shuidonggou and the Upper Palaeolithic blade industry in North China","docAbstract":"Shuidonggou is unique within the Chinese Palaeolithic sequence and its assemblage is reminiscent of Upper Palaeolithic core-and-blade technologies in Mongolia and southern Siberia. Limited chronological controls have prevented evaluation of this technology in both the Chinese and greater Eurasian Palaeolithic. Dating of recently discovered hearths at Locality 2 places Shuidonggou firmly at 29,000–24,000 BP, and suggests the spread of the Eurasian large blade technology was primarily from north to south. The concurrent production of small microblade-like bipolar bladelets at the site may also presage the development of a microlithic industry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0003598X00089213","usgsCitation":"Madsen, D.B., Jingzen, L., Brantingham, P.J., Xing, G., Elston, R.G., and Bettinger, R.L., 2001, Dating Shuidonggou and the Upper Palaeolithic blade industry in North China: Antiquity, v. 75, no. 290, p. 706-716, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00089213.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"706","endPage":"716","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Shuidonggou","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 105.029296875,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n 107.24853515625,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n 107.24853515625,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n 105.029296875,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n 105.029296875,\n 37.78808138412046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"290","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fddee4b0c8380cd4e99c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madsen, David B.","contributorId":191727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madsen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jingzen, L.","contributorId":32411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jingzen","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brantingham, P. J.","contributorId":87307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brantingham","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xing, Gao","contributorId":295520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xing","given":"Gao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elston, R. G.","contributorId":93212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elston","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bettinger, R. L.","contributorId":17776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bettinger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022782,"text":"70022782 - 2001 - Bioavailability of metals in stream food webs and hazards to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the upper Animas River watershed, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:53:40","indexId":"70022782","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioavailability of metals in stream food webs and hazards to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the upper Animas River watershed, Colorado","docAbstract":"The water quality, habitats, and biota of streams in the upper Animas River watershed of Colorado, USA, are affected by metal contamination associated with acid drainage. We determined metal concentrations in components of the food web of the Animas River and its tributaries - periphyton (aufwuchs), benthic invertebrates, and livers of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) - and evaluated pathways of metal exposure and hazards of metal toxicity to stream biota. Concentrations of the toxic metals cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in periphyton, benthic invertebrates, and trout livers from one or more sites in the upper Animas River were significantly greater than those from reference sites. Periphyton from sites downstream from mixing zones of acid and neutral waters had elevated concentrations of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) reflecting deposition of colloidal Fe and Al oxides, and reduced algal biomass. Metal concentrations in benthic invertebrates reflected differences in feeding habits and body size among taxa, with greatest concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Cd in the small mayfly Rhithrogena, which feeds on periphyton, and greatest concentrations of Pb in the small stonefly Zapada, a detritivore. Concentrations of Zn and Pb decreased across each trophic linkage, whereas concentrations of Cu and Cd were similar across several trophic levels, suggesting that Cu and Cd were more efficiently transferred via dietary exposure. Concentrations of Cu in invertebrates and trout livers were more closely associated with impacts on trout populations and invertebrate communities than were concentrations of Zn, Cd, or Pb. Copper concentrations in livers of brook trout from the upper Animas River were substantially greater than background concentrations and approached levels associated with reduced brook trout populations in field studies and with toxic effects on other salmonids in laboratory studies. These results indicate that bioaccumulation and transfer of metals in stream food webs are significant components of metal exposure for stream biota of the upper Animas River watershed and suggest that chronic toxicity of Cu is an important factor limiting the distribution and abundance of brook trout populations in the watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010147","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Besser, J., Brumbaugh, W.G., May, T., Church, S.E., and Kimball, B.A., 2001, Bioavailability of metals in stream food webs and hazards to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the upper Animas River watershed, Colorado: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 48-59, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010147.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"59","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208228,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010147"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Animas River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f13de4b0c8380cd4ab07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, J.M.","contributorId":91569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022781,"text":"70022781 - 2001 - Appearance and possible homing of two species of sculpins in Maine tidepools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022781","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appearance and possible homing of two species of sculpins in Maine tidepools","docAbstract":"Two species of sculpins (Cottidae), the grubby, Myoxocephalus aenaeus, and the shorthorn sculpin, M. scorpius, were studied in rocky tidepools along the coast of Maine. Fishes were captured and measured during 116 sampling trips between 1979 and 1996. Both of these species of sculpins are from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and are present in tidepools nearly every month of the year and are the only fish species found in Maine tidepools during winter. Both sculpin species are important components of tidepool ecosystems and dominate the rocky tidepool fish communities from late autumn to early spring, a time when other fish species decline in abundance or are absent. There was no apparent relationship between sculpin abundance and salinity, but the two species of Myoxocephalus were encountered in water temperatures of 1.5 to 18.9??C, with 55.0% of the shorthorn sculpins and 57.3% of the grubbies encountered in tidepools where water temperatures ranged from 12 to 15??C. Between 1988 and 1996, 102 individuals from both species were marked. Of these, 21.3% were recaptured, some repeatedly in the same tidepools and even at specific locations within tidepools over successive tidal cycles - an indication of homing behavior.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10926194","usgsCitation":"Muring, J., 2001, Appearance and possible homing of two species of sculpins in Maine tidepools: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 8, no. 2, p. 207-218.","startPage":"207","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec7de4b0c8380cd492da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muring, J.R.","contributorId":28411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muring","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022780,"text":"70022780 - 2001 - A model for rotation and shape of Asteroid 9969 Braille from ground-based observations and images obtained during the deep space 1 (DS1) flyby","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:39","indexId":"70022780","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for rotation and shape of Asteroid 9969 Braille from ground-based observations and images obtained during the deep space 1 (DS1) flyby","docAbstract":"Image data from the DS1 encounter with Asteroid 9969 Braille and data from a coordinated ground-based photometric observing campaign are combined to study the physical properties of this small Mars crosser. From telescope data the object's brightness was found to vary by up to 0.5 mag from night to night, with the most probable synodic rotational period being 226.4 ?? 1.3 h (9.4 days) and a mean lightcurve magnitude R(1, ?? = 24??) = 17.04 ?? 0.10. During the flyby of the spacecraft, two frame images from a range of approximately 13,500 km and phase angle 82.4??, which impose strong constraints on size, shape, and albedo of the object, were obtained. Using telescope and flyby data in combination, the asteroid is estimated to have a size of 2.1 ?? 1 ?? 1 km3 and shown to have photometric properties similar to the asteroid 4 Vesta, notably a comparably high albedo. The high albedo supports the notion (L. Soderblom et al. 1999, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 31,) that Braille is of the V or Q taxonomic type. ?? 2001 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.2001.6648","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Oberst, J., Mottola, S., Di, M.M., Hicks, M., Buratti, B., Soderblom, L., and Thomas, N., 2001, A model for rotation and shape of Asteroid 9969 Braille from ground-based observations and images obtained during the deep space 1 (DS1) flyby: Icarus, v. 153, no. 1, p. 16-23, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6648.","startPage":"16","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208214,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6648"}],"volume":"153","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e46be4b0c8380cd46658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberst, J.","contributorId":103427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberst","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mottola, S.","contributorId":18124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mottola","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Di, Martino M.","contributorId":16621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di","given":"Martino","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hicks, M.","contributorId":34563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buratti, B.","contributorId":51433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Soderblom, L.","contributorId":106244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70023959,"text":"70023959 - 2001 - Quantifying groundwater discharge through fringing wetlands to estuaries: Seasonal variability, methods comparison, and implications for wetland-estuary exchange","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023959","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying groundwater discharge through fringing wetlands to estuaries: Seasonal variability, methods comparison, and implications for wetland-estuary exchange","docAbstract":"Because groundwater discharge along coastal shorelines is often concentrated in zones inhabited by fringing wetlands, accurately estimating discharge is essential for understanding its effect on the function and maintenance of these ecosystems. Most previous estimates of groundwater discharge to coastal wetlands have been temporally limited and have used only a single approach to estimate discharge. Furthermore, groundwater input has not been considered as a major mechanism controlling pore-water flushing. We estimated seasonally varying groundwater discharge into a fringing estuarine wetland using three independent methods (Darcy's Law, salt balance, and Br- tracer). Seasonal patterns of discharge predicted by both Darcy's Law and the salt balance yielded similar seasonal patterns with discharge maxima and minima in spring and early fall, respectively. They differed, however, in the estimated magnitude of discharge by two- to fourfold in spring and by 10-fold in fall. Darcy estimates of mean discharge ranged between -8.0 and 80 L m-2 d-1, whereas the salt balance predicted groundwater discharge of 0.6 to 22 L m-2 d-1. Results from the Br- tracer experiment estimated discharge at 16 L m-2 d-t, or nearly equal to the salt balance estimate at that time. Based upon the tracer test, pore-water conductivity profiles, and error estimates for the Darcy and salt balance approaches, we concluded that the salt balance provided a more certain estimate of groundwater discharge at high flow (spring). In contrast, the Darcy method provided a more reliable estimate during low flow (fall). Groundwater flushing of pore water in the spring exported solutes to the estuary at rates similar to tidally driven surface exchange seen in previous studies. Based on pore-water turnover times, the groundwater-driven flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and NH4+ to the estuary was 11.9, 1.6, and 1.3 g C or g N m-2 wetland for the 90 d encompassing peak spring discharge. Groundwater-induced flushing of the wetland subsurface therefore represents an important mechanism by which narrow fringing marshes may seasonally relieve salt stress and export material to adjacent water masses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Tobias, C., Harvey, J., and Anderson, I., 2001, Quantifying groundwater discharge through fringing wetlands to estuaries: Seasonal variability, methods comparison, and implications for wetland-estuary exchange: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 46, no. 3, p. 604-615.","startPage":"604","endPage":"615","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91cee4b0c8380cd8048c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tobias, C.R.","contributorId":9442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobias","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, I.C.","contributorId":70463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"I.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022997,"text":"70022997 - 2001 - Influence of surface-normal ground acceleration on the initiation of the Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan landslide during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70022997","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of surface-normal ground acceleration on the initiation of the Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan landslide during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake triggered numerous landslides throughout a large area in the Central Range, to the east, southeast, and south of the fault rupture. Among them are two large rock avalanches, at Tsaoling and at Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan. At Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan, the entire thickness (30-50 m) of the Miocene Changhukeng Shale over an area of 1 km2 slid down its bedding plane for a distance of about 1 km. Initial movement of the landslide was nearly purely translational. We investigate the effect of surface-normal acceleration on the initiation of the Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan landslide using a block slide model. We show that this acceleration, currently not considered by dynamic slope-stability analysis methods, significantly influences the initiation of the landslide.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000719","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Huang, C., Lee, Y., Liu, H.P., Keefer, D.K., and Jibson, R., 2001, Influence of surface-normal ground acceleration on the initiation of the Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan landslide during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 5, p. 953-958, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000719.","startPage":"953","endPage":"958","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208171,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000719"}],"volume":"91","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b83e4b0c8380cd625d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, C.-C.","contributorId":48454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"C.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Y.-H.","contributorId":82514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Y.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Huaibao P.","contributorId":14581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Huaibao","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keefer, D. K.","contributorId":21176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jibson, R.W.","contributorId":8467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022752,"text":"70022752 - 2001 - Ten years after the crime: Lasting effects of damage from a cruise ship anchor on a coral reef in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T11:38:55","indexId":"70022752","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ten years after the crime: Lasting effects of damage from a cruise ship anchor on a coral reef in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"In October 1988, a cruise ship dropped its anchor on a coral reef in Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, creating a distinct scar roughly 128 m long and 3 m wide from a depth of 22 m to a depth of 6 m. The anchor pulverized coral colonies and smashed part of the reef framework. In April 1991, nine permanent quadrats (1 m2) were established inside the scar over a depth range of 9 m to 12.5 m. At that time, average coral cover inside the scar was less than 1%. These quadrats were surveyed again in 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1998. Recruits of 19 coral species have been observed, with Agaricia agaricites and Porites spp. the most abundant. Quadrats surveyed outside the scar in June 1994 over the same depth range had a higher percent coral cover (mean = 7.4%, SD = 4.5) and greater average size (maximum length) of coral colonies than in quadrats inside the damaged area. Although coral recruits settle into the scar in high densities, live coral cover has not increased significantly in the last 10 yrs, reflecting poor survival and growth of newly settled corals. The relatively planar aspect of the scar may increase the vulnerability of the recruits to abrasion and mortality from shifting sediments. Ten years after the anchor damage occurred, live coral cover in the still-visible scar (mean = 2.6%, SD = 2.7) remains well below the cover found in the adjacent, undamaged reef.
","language":"English","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Rogers, C., and Garrison, V., 2001, Ten years after the crime: Lasting effects of damage from a cruise ship anchor on a coral reef in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 69, no. 2, p. 793-803.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"803","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba538e4b08c986b3208cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, C.S. 0000-0001-9056-6961","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-6961","contributorId":37274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrison, V.H.","contributorId":70731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022751,"text":"70022751 - 2001 - Cyclodiene insecticide, DDE, DDT, arsenic, and mercury contamination of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) foraging at a Colorado Superfund site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T17:03:27","indexId":"70022751","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyclodiene insecticide, DDE, DDT, arsenic, and mercury contamination of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) foraging at a Colorado Superfund site","docAbstract":"Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) National Wildlife Area, near Denver, Colorado, is a Superfund site contaminated by past military and industrial uses, including pesticide manufacturing. From an ecosystem standpoint, the most critical contaminants at RMA are certain cyclodiene insecticides and metabolites, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, arsenic, and mercury. Bats are important ecosystem components that can be impacted by persistent contaminants because of their position in the food chain and their potential longevity and thus duration of exposure. Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were captured (n = 51) while foraging at RMA in the summers of 1997 and 1998 for determination of concentrations of contaminants of concern in carcasses, brains, and stomach contents. Adult females (n = 15) were also tracked by radiotelemetry to determine locations of nearest maternity roosts for sampling of guano for contaminant analysis and inspection for potential contaminant-induced mortality. Bats captured while foraging at RMA had measurable quantities of dieldrin and DDE in masticated insect samples from stomach contents and significantly higher concentrations of dieldrin, DDE, DDT, and mercury (juveniles) in carcasses than big brown bats (n = 26) sampled at a reference area 80 km to the north. Concentrations of dieldrin and DDE in brains of bats captured while foraging at RMA were also greater than in bats from the reference area, but not high enough to suggest mortality. Maximum concentrations of DDE, DDT, and cyclodienes in brains of big brown bats were found in adult males from RMA. Guano from the two closest known roosts had significantly higher concentrations of dieldrin, DDE, and mercury than guano from two roosts at the reference area. Dieldrin concentrations in carcasses of bats from RMA were highest in juveniles, followed by adult males and adult females. DDE concentrations in carcasses were lowest in adult females at both sites and highest in adult males at RMA. No contaminant-related mortality was obvious at the small maternity colonies near RMA. Big brown bats show higher contamination than most other mammals previously sampled at this site. Concentrations and proportions of samples with detectable residues of dieldrin in carcasses of big brown bats from RMA were similar to or exceeded reports for this species from elsewhere in the United States some 25 years ago, prior to or just following restrictions on use of this compound.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010153","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., Everette, A., and Ellison, L., 2001, Cyclodiene insecticide, DDE, DDT, arsenic, and mercury contamination of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) foraging at a Colorado Superfund site: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 112-120, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010153.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208260,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010153"},{"id":233887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd27e4b0c8380cd4e679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Everette, A. L. 0000-0003-2539-9129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2539-9129","contributorId":31718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everette","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellison, L.E.","contributorId":103610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022747,"text":"70022747 - 2001 - Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude-oil spill site . I. Geochemical evolution of the plume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T07:54:03","indexId":"70022747","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude-oil spill site . I. Geochemical evolution of the plume","docAbstract":"A 16-year study of a hydrocarbon plume shows that the extent of contaminant migration and compound-specific behavior have changed as redox reactions, most notably iron reduction, have progressed over time. Concentration changes at a small scale, determined from analysis of pore-water samples drained from aquifer cores, are compared with concentration changes at the plume scale, determined from analysis of water samples from an observation well network. The small-scale data show clearly that the hydrocarbon plume is growing slowly as sediment iron oxides are depleted. Contaminants, such as ortho-xylene that appeared not to be moving downgradient from the oil on the basis of observation well data, are migrating in thin layers as the aquifer evolves to methanogenic conditions. However, the plume-scale observation well data show that the downgradient extent of the Fe2+ and BTEX plume did not change between 1992 and 1995. Instead, depletion of the unstable Fe (III) oxides near the subsurface crude-oil source has caused the maximum dissolved iron concentration zone within the plume to spread at a rate of approximately 3 m/year. The zone of maximum concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) has also spread within the anoxic plume. In monitoring the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated ground water by natural attenuation, subtle concentration changes in observation well data from the anoxic zone may be diagnostic of depletion of the intrinsic electron-accepting capacity of the aquifer. Recognition of these subtle patterns may allow early prediction of growth of the hydrocarbon plume.
Flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus latipinnis, a fish endemic to the Colorado River basin in the western United States, appears to experience poor recruitment to adult size in the Colorado River, downstream of Glen Canyon Dam. Lack or impermanence of rearing areas for young-of-year (YOY) fish is hypothesized to be the problem. Knowing the importance of tributary mouths as rearing areas in other river systems, we studied use of the mouth of the Paria River, a tributary of the Colorado River, by YOY flannelmouth suckers, and the availability of rearing area in the mouth at different flow levels in the Colorado River in 1996 and 1997. We also examined the relationship between flash floods in the Paria River and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of YOY in the Paria River between 1991 and 1996.
Maximum mean daily discharge in the Paria River was inversely correlated with CPUE of YOY flannelmouth suckers (Spearman Rho=−0.9856, p=0.0003) during their critical rearing period (15 March–30 June). Thus, it appears that YOY flannelmouth suckers rear longer in the Paria River in years when flash flooding is minimal.
Recruitment of YOY flannelmouth suckers at the Paria River may also be improved by enhancing pool formation during spring and summer rearing seasons. YOY flannelmouth sucker was captured in a pool created by high Colorado River flows (≥336 m3/s) that inundated the mouth of the Paria River during spring and summer, 1996. In 1997, high flows (about 550–750 m3/s) in the Colorado River during winter and spring initially inundated the Paria River and formed a pool in the mouth. However, these high flows eventually caused 0.5–1.0 m of suspended sediment from the incoming Paria River to deposit in the mouth. Thus, despite higher flows than 1996, the slackwater area formed only occasionally in 1997. Differences in pool formation between 1996 and 1997 demonstrate that pool formation cannot be inferred solely from Colorado River flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rrr.618","usgsCitation":"Thieme, M.L., McIvor, C., Brouder, M.J., and Hoffnagle, T.L., 2001, Effects of pool formation and flash flooding on relative abundance of young-of-year flannelmouth suckers in the Paria River, Arizona: Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, v. 17, no. 2, p. 145-156, https://doi.org/10.1002/rrr.618.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizon","otherGeospatial":"Paria River","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0786e4b0c8380cd51731","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thieme, Michele L.","contributorId":18145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieme","given":"Michele","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIvor, Carole carole_mcivor@usgs.gov","contributorId":3665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"Carole","email":"carole_mcivor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brouder, Mark J.","contributorId":13015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouder","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffnagle, Timothy L.","contributorId":30523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffnagle","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}