Successional changes in vegetation composition within seeded grasslands may effect attainment of long term conservaation objectives. Comparisons between vegetation composition within Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields planted to cool season, introduced grasses hayed for emergency we, and non hayed fields of the same age and species composition were completed to determine potential effects of periodic haying. Emergency haying had little long term effect on vegetation height/density, percent cover of live pass, or forb cover when compared to characteristics within non hayed fields?. The presence of legumes [primarily alfalfa (Medicago sativa L)] increased in response to haying, whereas, abundance of noxious weeds [chiefly Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L) Scop.)] diminished. Implications for long term management CRP grassland to achieve wildlife habitat objectives are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","usgsCitation":"Allen, A., Cade, B., and Vandever, M., 2001, Effects of emergency haying on vegetative characteristics within selected Conservation Reserve Program fields in the Northern Great Plains: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 56, no. 2, p. 120-125.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"125","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14786,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jswconline.org/content/56/2/120.short"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6159c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, A.W.","contributorId":78282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vandever, M.W.","contributorId":100329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandever","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022718,"text":"70022718 - 2001 - Simulation of a semi-permanent wetland basin in the Cottonwood Lake area, east-central North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70022718","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation of a semi-permanent wetland basin in the Cottonwood Lake area, east-central North Dakota","docAbstract":"A coupled surface/subsurface hydrologic model was developed to examine the effects of climatic conditions on stage fluctuations within a semi-permanent wetland located in the Prairie Pothole region of east-central North Dakota. Model calibration was accomplished using data collected from 1981 to 1996 to encompass extreme climatic conditions. Results show that the processes of precipitation largely control wetland stage. Surface runoff produces short duration, high magnitude flows typically associated with spring thaw. On the other hand, groundwater contribution provides flows smaller in magnitude but higher in duration and these become increasingly important with respect to wetland stage during extended periods of drought and flood. Peak groundwater fluxes lag one-to-two months behind peak recharge rates and therefore occur predominantly during the month of June. Groundwater fluxes then attenuate slowly for the remainder of the year to the point where water may move out of the wetland and into the underlying aquifer during the fall and winter months. Despite an over simplification of the complex groundwater component of the wetland system it was found that this modeling approach was able to predict system response over 15 years, under extreme climatic conditions and with relatively easily attainable data input.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference","conferenceDate":"27 August 2001 through 31 August 2001","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0784405816","usgsCitation":"Carroll, R., Pohll, G., Tracy, J., and Winter, T.C., 2001, Simulation of a semi-permanent wetland basin in the Cottonwood Lake area, east-central North Dakota, in Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference, Reno, NV, 27 August 2001 through 31 August 2001, p. 1341-1351.","startPage":"1341","endPage":"1351","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b900ce4b08c986b3192bb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hayes D.F.Hayes D.F.","contributorId":128356,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hayes D.F.Hayes D.F.","id":536483,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Carroll, R.W.H.","contributorId":86148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"R.W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pohll, G.M.","contributorId":65261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohll","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tracy, J.C.","contributorId":21734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014076,"text":"1014076 - 2001 - Metabolic enzyme activity during smolting stream- and hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:09","indexId":"1014076","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabolic enzyme activity during smolting stream- and hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"01-099/TF","usgsCitation":"Leonard, J.B., and McCormick, S., 2001, Metabolic enzyme activity during smolting stream- and hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 58, no. 8, p. 1585-1593.","productDescription":"p. 1585-1593","startPage":"1585","endPage":"1593","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6250e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, J. B. K.","contributorId":40159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":319737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014954,"text":"1014954 - 2001 - Effects of developmental stage at stocking on growth and survival of Atlantic salmon fry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T20:00:28.967451","indexId":"1014954","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of developmental stage at stocking on growth and survival of Atlantic salmon fry","docAbstract":"Stocked fry are the primary source of fish for the restoration effort for Connecticut River Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, yet it is unknown whether there is a developmental stage at stocking that yields optimal growth and survival or whether good growth and survival can be achieved across a wide range of fry developmental stages. To evaluate the effects of developmental stage on growth and survival, we stocked otolith-marked (thermal-banding patterns) fry from four (1996) or three (1997) developmental stages (thermally delayed, nominal, thermally accelerated-fed, and thermally accelerated-unfed) into three rivers in the spring and sampled the age-0 fish in the fall. There was no difference in 1996 among delayed, nominal, or accelerated-fed developmental stage treatments in the final size or population estimate. Few fish from the accelerated-unfed treatment were recovered. Results from a laboratory starvation study suggested that fish from the accelerated-unfed treatment would die from starvation in about 4 d after release. In 1997, accelerated-fed fish were recaptured at a slightly higher rate than were fish from the delayed or nominal treatment, but final sizes did not differ among treatments. Despite differences in population estimates and sizes among rivers, there was no interaction between treatment and river in either study year, indicating that treatment effects were consistent among rivers. Our results suggest that fry from a fairly wide range of developmental stages will survive equally well and will grow to similar sizes by fall unless the fish have been accelerated without feeding.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0102:EODSAS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., and Terrick, T., 2001, Effects of developmental stage at stocking on growth and survival of Atlantic salmon fry: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 1, p. 102-110, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0102:EODSAS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"102","endPage":"110","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut River Basin, Mill River, North River, Sawmill River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.95527041742467,\n 41.02407638781466\n ],\n [\n -74.13105166742471,\n 40.675041622461805\n ],\n [\n -73.48285830804953,\n 40.758311874228866\n ],\n [\n -72.68085635492456,\n 40.87471519833747\n ],\n [\n -71.51630557367436,\n 41.338284228051634\n ],\n [\n -71.41742862054956,\n 41.428957676336125\n ],\n [\n -71.45038760492426,\n 41.62635163336003\n ],\n [\n -71.77997744867476,\n 42.02749300963873\n ],\n [\n -71.85688174554932,\n 43.932147597480565\n ],\n [\n -71.72504580804912,\n 44.113843686359246\n ],\n [\n -71.41742862054956,\n 44.31070775561244\n ],\n [\n -71.38446963617417,\n 44.51474825254252\n ],\n [\n -71.24164737054952,\n 44.7960905378591\n ],\n [\n -71.15375674554916,\n 45.24649299872209\n ],\n [\n -71.30756533929961,\n 45.31606547084283\n ],\n [\n -71.45038760492426,\n 45.23875745776721\n ],\n [\n -71.58222354242446,\n 45.01396859267044\n ],\n [\n -72.46112979242466,\n 45.00620145307923\n ],\n [\n -72.75776065179977,\n 44.49124145015216\n ],\n [\n -72.82367862054919,\n 44.20842056584479\n ],\n [\n -72.87861026117417,\n 43.797492608343845\n ],\n [\n -73.16425479242416,\n 43.29582560788518\n ],\n [\n -73.05439151117422,\n 42.668932905736824\n ],\n [\n -73.62568057367417,\n 42.490961760433066\n ],\n [\n -73.74653018304923,\n 41.88042704238421\n ],\n [\n -73.57074893304919,\n 41.297027232876815\n ],\n [\n -73.95527041742467,\n 41.02407638781466\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terrick, T.D.","contributorId":24305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrick","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022765,"text":"70022765 - 2001 - Geographer at Work","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70022765","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1770,"text":"Geographical Bulletin - Gamma Theta Upsilon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographer at Work","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geographical Bulletin - Gamma Theta Upsilon","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07313292","usgsCitation":"Kowalski, P., 2001, Geographer at Work: Geographical Bulletin - Gamma Theta Upsilon, v. 43, no. 2, p. 79-82.","startPage":"79","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1749e4b0c8380cd55473","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kowalski, P.","contributorId":24531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022729,"text":"70022729 - 2001 - Microsatellite analyses of the trout of northwest Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T10:15:15","indexId":"70022729","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1739,"text":"Genetica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microsatellite analyses of the trout of northwest Mexico","docAbstract":"The trout of northwest Mexico represent an undescribed group of fish considered part of the Oncorhynchus mykiss (Pacific trout) complex of species and subspecies. Recent genetic studies have shown these fish to have important genetic diversity and a unique evolutionary history when compared to coastal rainbow trout. Increased levels of allelic diversity have been found in this species at the southern extent of its range. In this study we describe the trout in the Sierra Madre Occidental from the rios Yaqui, Mayo, Casas Grandes and de Bavispe, and their relationship to the more southern distribution of Mexican golden trout (O. chrysogaster) using 11 microsatellite loci. Microsatellite allelic diversity in Mexican trout was high with a mean of 6.6 alleles/locus, average heterozygosity = 0.35, and a mean Fst = 0.43 for all loci combined. Microsatellite data were congruent with previously published mtDNA results showing unique panmictic population structure in the Rio Yaqui trout that differs from Pacific coastal trout and Mexican golden trout. These data also add support for the theory of headwaters transfer of trout across the Continental Divide from tributaries of the Rio de Bavispe into the Rio Casas Grandes. Rio Mayo trout share a close genetic relationship to trout in Rio Yaqui, but sample sizes from the Rio Mayo prevent significant comparisons in this study. Microsatellite analyses show significant allelic frequency differences between Rio Yaqui trout and O. chrysogaster in Sinaloa and Durango Mexico, adding further support for a unique evolutionary status for this group of northwestern Mexican trout.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1013777701213","issn":"00166707","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J., and Sage, G.K., 2001, Microsatellite analyses of the trout of northwest Mexico: Genetica, v. 111, no. 1-3, p. 269-278, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013777701213.","startPage":"269","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208077,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013777701213"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56a0e4b0c8380cd6d6f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sage, G. Kevin 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":4348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"G.","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023451,"text":"70023451 - 2001 - Spatial correlation of probabilistic earthquake ground motion and loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023451","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial correlation of probabilistic earthquake ground motion and loss","docAbstract":"Spatial correlation of annual earthquake ground motions and losses can be used to estimate the variance of annual losses to a portfolio of properties exposed to earthquakes A direct method is described for the calculations of the spatial correlation of earthquake ground motions and losses. Calculations for the direct method can be carried out using either numerical quadrature or a discrete, matrix-based approach. Numerical results for this method are compared with those calculated from a simple Monte Carlo simulation. Spatial correlation of ground motion and loss is induced by the systematic attenuation of ground motion with distance from the source, by common site conditions, and by the finite length of fault ruptures. Spatial correlation is also strongly dependent on the partitioning of the variability, given an event, into interevent and intraevent components. Intraevent variability reduces the spatial correlation of losses. Interevent variability increases spatial correlation of losses. The higher the spatial correlation, the larger the variance in losses to a port-folio, and the more likely extreme values become. This result underscores the importance of accurately determining the relative magnitudes of intraevent and interevent variability in ground-motion studies, because of the strong impact in estimating earthquake losses to a portfolio. The direct method offers an alternative to simulation for calculating the variance of losses to a portfolio, which may reduce the amount of calculation required.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000284","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Wesson, R.L., and Perkins, D.M., 2001, Spatial correlation of probabilistic earthquake ground motion and loss: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 6, p. 1498-1515, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000284.","startPage":"1498","endPage":"1515","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207451,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000284"},{"id":232406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b945fe4b08c986b31aa38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, D. M.","contributorId":83922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023044,"text":"70023044 - 2001 - Decreased glutathione S-transferase expression and activity and altered sex steroids in Lake Apopka brown bullheads (Ameriurus nebulosus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70023044","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decreased glutathione S-transferase expression and activity and altered sex steroids in Lake Apopka brown bullheads (Ameriurus nebulosus)","docAbstract":"A number of freshwater lakes and reclaimed agricultural sites in Central Florida have been the receiving waters for agrochemical and municipal runoff. One of these sites, Lake Apopka, is also a eutrophic system that has been the focus of several case studies reporting altered reproductive activity linked to bioaccumulation of persistent organochlorine chemicals in aquatic species. The present study was initiated to determine if brown bullheads (Ameriurus nebulosus) from the north marsh of Lake Apopka (Lake Apopka Marsh) exhibit an altered capacity to detoxify environmental chemicals through hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mediated conjugation as compared with bullheads from a nearby reference site (Lake Woodruff). We also compared plasma sex hormone concentrations (testosterone, 17-?? estradiol, and 11 keto-testosterone) in bullheads from the two sites. Female bullheads from Lake Apopka had 40% lower initial rate GST conjugative activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 50% lower activity towards p-nitrobutyl chloride (NBC), 33% lower activity toward ethacrynic acid (ECA), and 43% lower activity toward ??5-androstene-3,17-dione (??5-ADI), as compared with female bullheads from Lake Woodruff. Enzyme kinetic analyses demonstrated that female bullheads from Lake Apopka had lower GST-catalyzed CDNB clearance than did female Lake Woodruff bullheads. Western blotting studies of bullhead liver cytosolic proteins demonstrated that the reduced GST catalytic activities in female Lake Apopka bullheads were accompanied by lower expression of hepatic GST protein. No site differences were observed with respect to GST activities or GST protein expression in male bullheads. Female Lake Apopka bullheads also had elevated concentrations of plasma androgens (testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone) as compared with females from Lake Woodruff. In contrast, male Lake Apopka bullheads had elevated levels of plasma estrogen but similar levels of androgens as compared with male bullheads from Lake Woodruff. Collectively, our studies indicate the presence of reduced GST protein expression, reduced GST conjugative capacity and altered sex steroid homeostasis in female bullheads from a contaminated field site in Central Florida. The implications of these physiological alterations in terms of pollutant biotransformation and reproduction are discussed. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00158-8","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Gallagher, E., Gross, T., and Sheehy, K., 2001, Decreased glutathione S-transferase expression and activity and altered sex steroids in Lake Apopka brown bullheads (Ameriurus nebulosus): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 55, no. 3-4, p. 223-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00158-8.","startPage":"223","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208253,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00158-8"},{"id":233874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe17e4b0c8380cd4eaff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallagher, E.P.","contributorId":70969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallagher","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheehy, K.M.","contributorId":77711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheehy","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023656,"text":"70023656 - 2001 - Mapping crustal heterogeneity using Lg propagation efficiency throughout the Middle East, Mediterranean, Southern Europe and Northern Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023656","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping crustal heterogeneity using Lg propagation efficiency throughout the Middle East, Mediterranean, Southern Europe and Northern Africa","docAbstract":"In this paper we describe a technique for mapping the lateral variation of Lg characteristics such as Lg blockage, efficient Lg propagation, and regions of very high attenuation in the Middle East, North Africa, Europe and the Mediterranean regions. Lg is used in a variety of seismological applications from magnitude estimation to identification of nuclear explosions for monitoring compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). These applications can give significantly biased results if the Lg phase is reduced or blocked by discontinuous structure or thin crust. Mapping these structures using quantitative techniques for determining Lg amplitude attenuation can break down when the phase is below background noise. In such cases Lg blockage and inefficient propagation zones are often mapped out by hand. With our approach, we attempt to visually simplify this information by imaging crustal structure anomalies that significantly diminish the amplitude of Lg. The visualization of such anomalies is achieved by defining a grid of cells that covers the entire region of interest. We trace Lg rays for each event/ station pair, which is simply the great circle path, and attribute to each cell a value equal to the maximum value of the Lg/P-coda amplitude ratio for all paths traversing that particular cell. The resulting map, from this empirical approach, is easily interpreted in terms of crustal structure and can successfully image small blockage features often missed by analysis of raypaths alone. This map can then be used to screen out events with blocked Lg prior to performing Q tomography, and to avoid using Lg-based methods of event identification for the CTBT in regions where they cannot work. For this study we applied our technique to one of the most tectonically complex regions on the earth. Nearly 9000 earthquake/station raypaths, traversing the vast region comprised of the Middle East, Mediterranean, Southern Europe and Northern Africa, have been analyzed. We measured the amplitude of Lg relative to the P-coda and mapped the lateral variation of Lg propagation efficiency. With the relatively dense coverage provided by the numerous crossing paths we are able to map out the pattern of crustal heterogeneity that gives rise to the observed character of Lg propagation. We observe that the propagation characteristics of Lg within the region of interest are very complicated but are readily correlated with the different tectonic environments within the region. For example, clear strong Lg arrivals are observed for paths crossing the stable continental interiors of Northern Africa and the Arabian Shield. In contrast, weakened to absent Lg is observed for paths crossing much of the Middle East, and Lg is absent for paths traversing the Mediterranean. Regions that block Lg transmission within the Middle East are very localized and include the Caspian Sea, the Iranian Plateau and the Red Sea. Resolution is variable throughout the region and strongly depends on the distribution of seismicity and recording stations. Lg propagation is best resolved within the Middle East where regions of crustal heterogeneity on the order of 100 km are imaged (e.g., South Caspian Sea and Red Sea). Crustal heterogeneity is resolvable but is poorest in seismically quiescent Northern Africa.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"McNamara, D., and Walter, W., 2001, Mapping crustal heterogeneity using Lg propagation efficiency throughout the Middle East, Mediterranean, Southern Europe and Northern Africa: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 158, no. 7, p. 1165-1188.","startPage":"1165","endPage":"1188","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5055e4b0c8380cd6b600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNamara, D.E. 0000-0001-6860-0350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":52286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter, W.R.","contributorId":33089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016152,"text":"1016152 - 2001 - Response of juvenile softshell turtles (Apalone mutica) in a thermal gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:46:24","indexId":"1016152","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1210,"text":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of juvenile softshell turtles (Apalone mutica) in a thermal gradient","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Satellite radiotelemetry has provided great insights into the movements and behaviors of polar bears (Ursus maritimus). The diameter of the neck of adult male polar bears exceeds that of their head, however, and radio collars slip off. This has limited collection of movement information to that from radio-collared females. To overcome this difficulty and gather information about their movements, we surgically implanted satellite radio transmitters into 7 male polar bears during 1996 and 1997. We compared movements of implanted males with those of 104 adult females radio-collared between 1985 and 1995. Transmitters were implanted under the skin on the midline of the top of the neck and were equipped with percutaneous antennae. Implanted transmitters operated for up to 161 days providing 3217 satellite relocations. While transmitting, radios implanted in males provided a larger proportion of the highest quality category of position fixes than was obtained from radio-collared females. However, all implanted radios ceased transmitting before reaching their projected life-span. The abrupt termination of transmission from implanted radios suggested mechanical rather than electronic failure. Mean rates of short-term movement for males (1.18 km/h) were lower than for solitary females, females with cubs, and females with yearlings (1.70, 1.84, and 1.95 km/h, respectively). Net geographic movements from the beginning to the end of each month were comparable for males (mean = 135 km) and females (mean = 114, 152, and 168 km). Mean azimuths of these net movements also appeared to be similar. Monthly activity-area sizes for males (mean = 8541 km2) were comparable to those for females (mean = 3698, 9397, and 10 585 km2) during the time period of comparison. In contrast to the other movement measures, males traveled longer mean distances (387 km) each month than did females (217, 289, and 302 km). Movements of males, it appears, were more directed than those of females, but males confined their travels to similar-sized areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjz-79-12-2147","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., Durner, G.M., McDonald, T.L., Mulcahy, D., and Garner, G., 2001, Comparing movement patterns of satellite-tagged male and female polar bears: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 79, no. 12, p. 2147-2158, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-79-12-2147.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2147","endPage":"2158","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -181.93359375,\n 61.56457388515458\n ],\n [\n -181.93359375,\n 74.75274618925877\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 74.75274618925877\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 61.56457388515458\n ],\n [\n -181.93359375,\n 61.56457388515458\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f837e4b0c8380cd4cf4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, T. L.","contributorId":101211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulcahy, D.M.","contributorId":43302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garner, G.W.","contributorId":80218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015148,"text":"1015148 - 2001 - New approaches for sampling and modeling native and exotic plant species richness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T11:34:02","indexId":"1015148","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New approaches for sampling and modeling native and exotic plant species richness","docAbstract":"We demonstrate new multi-phase, multi-scale approaches for sampling and modeling native and exotic plant species to predict the spread of invasive species and aid in control efforts. Our test site is a 54,000-ha portion of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. This work is based on previous research wherein we developed vegetation sampling techniques to identify hot spots of diversity, important rare habitats, and locations of invasive plant species. Here we demonstrate statistical modeling tools to rapidly assess current patterns of native and exotic plant species to determine which habitats are most vulnerable to invasion by exotic species. We use stepwise multiple regression and modified residual kriging to estimate numbers of native species and exotic species, as well as probability of observing an exotic species in 30 × 30-m cells. Final models accounted for 62% of the variability observed in number of native species, 51% of the variability observed in number of exotic species, and 47% of the variability associated with observing an exotic species. Important independent variables used in developing the models include geographical location, elevation, slope, aspect, and Landsat TM bands 1-7. These models can direct resource managers to areas in need of further inventory, monitoring, and exotic species control efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Chong, G., Reich, R., Kalkhan, M.A., and Stohlgren, T., 2001, New approaches for sampling and modeling native and exotic plant species richness: Western North American Naturalist, v. 61, no. 3, p. 328-335.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"335","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14845,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41717178 "}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6977d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chong, G.W.","contributorId":54153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reich, R.M.","contributorId":68258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalkhan, M. A.","contributorId":82655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalkhan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022991,"text":"70022991 - 2001 - Rhenium-osmium systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022991","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rhenium-osmium systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites","docAbstract":"The Re-Os isotopic systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs) in chondrites were investigated in order to shed light on the behavior of the Re-Os system in bulk chondrites, and to constrain the timing of chemical fractionation in primitive chondrites. CAIs with relatively unfractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns (groups I, III, V, VI) define a narrow range of 187Re/188Os (0.3764-0.4443) and 187Os/188Os (0.12599-0.12717), and high but variable Re and Os abundances (3209-41,820 ppb Os). In contrast, CAIs that show depletions in highly refractory elements and strongly fractionated REE patterns (group II) also show a much larger range in 187Re/188Os (0.409-0.535) and 187Os/188Os (0.12695-0.13770), and greater than an order of magnitude lower Re and Os abundances than other groups (e.g., 75.7-680.2 ppb Os). Sixteen bulk CAIs and CAI splits plot within analytical uncertainty of a 4558 Ga reference isochron, as is expected for materials of this antiquity. Eight samples, however, plot off the isochron. Several possible reasons for these deviations are discussed. Data for multiple splits of one CAI indicate that the nonisochronous behavior for at least this CAI is the result of Re-Os reequilibration at approximately 1.6 Ga. Thus, the most likely explanation for the deviations of most of the nonisochronous CAIs is late-stage open-system behavior of Re and Os in the asteroidal environment. The 187Os/188Os-Os systematics of CAIs are consistent with previous models that indicate group II CAIs are mixtures of components that lost the bulk of their highly refractory elements in a previous condensation event and a minor second component that provided refractory elements at chondritic relative proportions. The high Re/Os of group II CAIs relative to other CAIs and chondrite bulk rocks may have been caused by variable mobilization of Re and Os during medium- to low-temperature parent body alteration ??4.5 Ga ago. This model is favored over nebular models, which pose several difficulties. The narrow range of 187Os/188Os in group I, III, V, and VI bulk CAIs, and the agreement with 187Os/188Os of whole rock carbonaceous chondrites suggest that on a bulk inclusion scale, secondary alteration only modestly fractionated Re/Os in these CAIs. The average of 187Os/188Os for group I, III, V, and VI CAIs is indistinguishable from average CI chondrites, indicating a modern solar system value for 187Os/188Os of 0.12650, corresponding to a 187Re/188Os of 0.3964. Copyright ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00676-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Becker, H., Morgan, J.W., Walker, R., MacPherson, G., and Grossman, J.N., 2001, Rhenium-osmium systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, no. 19, p. 3379-3390, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00676-7.","startPage":"3379","endPage":"3390","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208120,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00676-7"},{"id":233583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad39e4b0c8380cd86e6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, H.","contributorId":103037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacPherson, G.J.","contributorId":84920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacPherson","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023254,"text":"70023254 - 2001 - Gonad organochlorine concentrations and plasma steroid levels in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) from the Columbia River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T14:49:20","indexId":"70023254","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Gonad organochlorine concentrations and plasma steroid levels in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) from the Columbia River, USA","title":"Gonad organochlorine concentrations and plasma steroid levels in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) from the Columbia River, USA","docAbstract":"Sturgeon are an important fishery resource world-wide, providing food and income through commercial, sport, and tribal fisheries. However, sturgeon populations are imperiled in many areas due to overharvest, habitat loss, and pollution. White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) are found along the west coast of North America from San Francisco Bay, USA to British Columbia, Canada. The Columbia River, located in the Pacific Northwest USA, supports active commercial, sport, and tribal white sturgeon fisheries. The white sturgeon fishery in the Columbia River estuary is one of the most productive sturgeon fisheries in the World. Despite the success of the Columbia River estuary white sturgeon fishery, the populations within the impounded sections (i.e. behind the hydroelectric dams) of the Columbia River experience poor reproductive success (Beamesderfer et al. 1995). This poor reproductive success has been attributed to hydroelectric development, but water pollution could also be a significant factor. The bottom dwelling life history and late maturing reproductive strategy for this species may make it particularly sensitive to the adverse effects of bioaccumulative pollutants.
The Columbia River receives effluent from bleached-kraft pulp mills, aluminum smelters, municipal sewage treatment plants and runoff from agricultural. industrial, and urban areas. Bioaccumulative contaminants that have the potential for endocrine disruption have been detected in fish and sediments from the Columbia River (Foster et al. 1999). An integrated system of hormones control reproduction in vertebrates. Plasma steroids direct developmental events essential for reproduction. Disruption of endocrine control by contaminants has been linked to reproductive anomalies and failure in a number of vertebrate species (Guillette et al. 1996; Jobling et al. 1996). Because of this, it is important to understand if organochlorine compounds are accumulating in Columbia River white sturgeon and having an effect on their reproductive physiology.
The objective of this study was to determine if sturgeon from an impounded section of the Columbia River (where reproductive success has been low) had higher levels of bioaccumulative pollutants than sturgeon from the estuary (where reproductive success has been high) and if these compounds were associated with decreased plasma steroid levels. Specifically, we measured chlorinated pesticides and PCBs in the gonads and plasma steroids in white sturgeon from the Columbia River fishery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s001280116","usgsCitation":"Foster, E., Fitzpatrick, M., Feist, G., Schreck, C., and Yates, J., 2001, Gonad organochlorine concentrations and plasma steroid levels in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) from the Columbia River, USA: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 67, no. 2, p. 239-245, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001280116.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"245","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","volume":"67","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29a9e4b0c8380cd5ab18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, E.P.","contributorId":98501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, M.S.","contributorId":16194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feist, G.W.","contributorId":46261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feist","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yates, J.","contributorId":29604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023026,"text":"70023026 - 2001 - Developing a post-fire flood chronology and recurrence probability from alluvial stratigraphy in the Buffalo Creek watershed, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70023026","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a post-fire flood chronology and recurrence probability from alluvial stratigraphy in the Buffalo Creek watershed, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic and geomorphic evidence indicate floods that occur soon after forest fires have been intermittent but common events in many mountainous areas during the past several thousand years. The magnitude and recurrence of these post-fire flood events reflects the joint probability between the recurrence of fires and the recurrence of subsequent rainfall events of varying magnitude and intensity. Following the May 1996 Buffalo Creek, Colorado, forest fire, precipitation amounts and intensities that generated very little surface runoff outside of the burned area resulted in severe hillslope erosion, floods, and streambed sediment entrainment in the rugged, severely burned, 48 km2 area. These floods added sediment to many existing alluvial fans, while simultaneously incising other fans and alluvial deposits. Incision of older fans revealed multiple sequences of fluvially transported sandy gravel that grade upward into charcoal-rich, loamy horizons. We interpret these sequences to represent periods of high sediment transport and aggradation during floods, followed by intervals of quiescence and relative stability in the watershed until a subsequent fire occurred. An alluvial sequence near the mouth of a tributary draining a 0??82 km2 area indicated several previous post-fire flood cycles in the watershed. Dendrochronologic and radiocarbon ages of material in this deposit span approximately 2900 years, and define three aggradational periods. The three general aggradational periods are separated by intervals of approximately nine to ten centuries and reflect a 'millennium-scale' geomorphic response to a closely timed sequence of events: severe and intense, watershed-scale, stand-replacing fires and subsequent rainstorms and flooding. Millennium-scale aggradational units at the study site may have resulted from a scenario in which the initial runoff from the burned watershed transported and deposited large volumes of sediment on downstream alluvial surfaces and tributary fans. Subsequent storm runoff may have produced localized incision and channelization, preventing additional vertical aggradation on the sampled alluvial deposit for several centuries. Two of the millennium-scale aggradational periods at the study site consist of multiple gravel and loam sequences with similar radiocarbon ages. These closely dated sequences may reflect a 'multidecade-scale' geomorphic response to more frequent, but aerially limited and less severe fires, followed by rainstorms of relatively common recurrence. Published in 2001 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.390","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., and Parker, R.S., 2001, Developing a post-fire flood chronology and recurrence probability from alluvial stratigraphy in the Buffalo Creek watershed, Colorado, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 15, p. 3039-3051, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.390.","startPage":"3039","endPage":"3051","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.390"},{"id":233584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000be4b0c8380cd4f560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, J. G.","contributorId":45341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, R. S.","contributorId":104510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023256,"text":"70023256 - 2001 - Long-term monitoring of creep rate along the Hayward fault and evidence for a lasting creep response to 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70023256","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term monitoring of creep rate along the Hayward fault and evidence for a lasting creep response to 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","docAbstract":"We present results from over 30 yr of precise surveys of creep along the Hayward fault. Along most of the fault, spatial variability in long-term creep rates is well determined by these data and can help constrain 3D-models of the depth of the creeping zone. However, creep at the south end of the fault stopped completely for more than 6 years after the M7 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake (LPEQ), perhaps delayed by stress drop imposed by this event. With a decade of detailed data before LPEQ and a decade after it, we report that creep response to that event does indeed indicate the expected deficit in creep.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL012776","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., Galehouse, J., and Simpson, R., 2001, Long-term monitoring of creep rate along the Hayward fault and evidence for a lasting creep response to 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 11, p. 2265-2268, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012776.","startPage":"2265","endPage":"2268","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207419,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012776"},{"id":232354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4999e4b0c8380cd68759","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galehouse, J.S.","contributorId":87720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galehouse","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022707,"text":"70022707 - 2001 - Dating the Vostok ice core record by importing the Devils Hole chronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-30T19:44:10.580801","indexId":"70022707","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating the Vostok ice core record by importing the Devils Hole chronology","docAbstract":"The development of an accurate chronology for the Vostok record continues to be an open research question because these invaluable ice cores cannot be dated directly. Depth-to-age relationships have been developed using many different approaches, but published age estimates are inconsistent, even for major paleoclimatic events. We have developed a chronology for the Vostok deuterium paleotemperature record using a simple and objective algorithm to transfer ages of major paleoclimatic events from the radiometrically dated 500,000-year δ18O-paleotemperature record from Devils Hole, Nevada. The method is based only on a strong inference that major shifts in paleotemperature recorded at both locations occurred synchronously, consistent with an atmospheric teleconnection. The derived depth-to-age relationship conforms with the physics of ice compaction, and internally produces ages for climatic events 5.4 and 11.24 which are consistent with the externally assigned ages that the Vostok team needed to assume in order to derive their most recent chronology, GT4. Indeed, the resulting V-DH chronology is highly correlated with GT4 because of the unexpected correspondence even in the timing of second-order climatic events that were not constrained by the algorithm. Furthermore, the algorithm developed herein is not specific to this problem; rather, the procedure can be used whenever two paleoclimate records are proxies for the same physical phenomenon, and paleoclimatic conditions forcing the two records can be considered to have occurred contemporaneously. The ability of the algorithm to date the East Antarctic Dome Fuji core is also demonstrated.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JD900065","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Landwehr, J., and Winograd, I., 2001, Dating the Vostok ice core record by importing the Devils Hole chronology: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 106, no. D23, p. 31853-31861, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900065.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"31853","endPage":"31861","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd900065","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Vostok Station","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 109.37807074585703,\n -74.90546089275259\n ],\n [\n 109.37807074585703,\n -77.28673911272851\n ],\n [\n 128.89365334216484,\n -77.28673911272851\n ],\n [\n 128.89365334216484,\n -74.90546089275259\n ],\n [\n 109.37807074585703,\n -74.90546089275259\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"D23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fde3e4b0c8380cd4e9c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landwehr, J.M.","contributorId":39815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winograd, I.J.","contributorId":10408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015150,"text":"1015150 - 2001 - Bat use of a high-plains urban wildlife refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T09:54:38","indexId":"1015150","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bat use of a high-plains urban wildlife refuge","docAbstract":"Bats are significant components of mammalian diversity and in many areas are of management concern. However, little attention has been given to bats in urban or prairie landscapes. In 1997 and 1998, we determined species richness, relative abundance, roosting habits, and echolocation activity of bats at Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge (RMA), the largest urban unit in the United States refuge system, located on the high plains near Denver, Colorado. An inventory using mist nets revealed 3 species foraging at this site: big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans). Big brown bats comprised 86% of captures (n=176). This pattern was consistent with continental-scale predictions of bat species richness and evenness based on availability of potential roosts. Relative abundance based on captures was similar to that revealed by echolocation detector surveys, except that the latter revealed the likely presence of at least 2 additional species (Myotis spp. and red bats [Lasiurus borealis]). Echolocation activity was significantly greater (P=0.009) in areas with tree or water habitat edges than in open prairie, suggesting that maintaining such features is important for bats. Big brown bats commuted greater distances (9.2-18.8 km) from roosts in urban core areas to foraging sites on the refuge than typically reported for this species elsewhere, emphasizing the value of the site to these bats. Urban refuges can provide habitat of importance to bat populations, but may be characterized by abundant bats that roost in buildings if a variety of other kinds of roosting habitats are unavailable.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Everette, A., O'Shea, T., Ellison, L., Stone, L., and McCance, J., 2001, Bat use of a high-plains urban wildlife refuge: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 29, no. 3, p. 967-973.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"973","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15485,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3784424 "}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640b03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Everette, A. L. 0000-0003-2539-9129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2539-9129","contributorId":31718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everette","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellison, L.E.","contributorId":103610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stone, L.A.","contributorId":56616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCance, J.L.","contributorId":85935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCance","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023054,"text":"70023054 - 2001 - Solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated fractures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T17:14:56","indexId":"70023054","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated fractures","docAbstract":"Laboratory experiments were conducted to study solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated, inclined fractures. Qualitative aspects of solute transport were identified in a miscible dye tracer experiment conducted in a transparent replica of a natural granite fracture. Additional experiments were conducted to measure the breakthrough curves of a conservative tracer introduced into an established preferential flow path in two different fracture replicas and a rock‐replica combination. The influence of gravity was investigated by varying fracture inclination. The relationship between the travel times of the solute and the relative influence of gravity was substantially affected by two modes of intermittent flow that occurred: the snapping rivulet and the pulsating blob modes. The measured travel times of the solute were evaluated with three transfer function models: the axial dispersion, the reactors‐in‐series, and the lognormal models. The three models described the solute travel times nearly equally well. A mechanistic model was also formulated to describe transport when the pulsating blob mode occurred which assumed blobs of water containing solute mixed with residual pools of water along the flow path.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR000093","usgsCitation":"Su, G.W., Geller, J.T., Pruess, K., and Hunt, J.R., 2001, Solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated fractures: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 10, p. 2481-2491, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR000093.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2481","endPage":"2491","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr000093","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9254e4b08c986b319e45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Su, Grace W.","contributorId":145734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Su","given":"Grace","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":395974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geller, Jil T.","contributorId":124590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geller","given":"Jil","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pruess, Karsten","contributorId":145732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pruess","given":"Karsten","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, James R.","contributorId":150613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023059,"text":"70023059 - 2001 - Comparative assessment of groundwater quality in the Tangshan region of the People's Republic of China and similar areas in the U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T13:35:50","indexId":"70023059","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3359,"text":"Scientific World Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative assessment of groundwater quality in the Tangshan region of the People's Republic of China and similar areas in the U.S.","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality with respect to nitrate, major inorganic constituents, stable isotopes, and tritium was assessed in the agricultural Tangshan region in the Hai He River Basin of the People's Republic of China and compared with three regions in the U.S.: the Delmarva Peninsula of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia; the San Joaquin Valley of California; and the Sacramento Valley of California. The China and U.S. regions are similar in size and land use, but have different climatic conditions and patterns of water use for irrigation. The Tangshan region has been in agricultural production for a much longer time, probably several centuries, than the three U.S. regions; however, the widespread use of synthetic fertilizers and other soil amendments probably started at a similar time in all four regions. In all four regions, median nitrate concentrations were generally below the U.S. drinking water standard of 10 mg/l of nitrate as nitrogen. However, higher concentrations and a greater range were evident for the Tangshan region. In the water samples collected from a shallow aquifer in the Tangshan region (over 25% of all samples), nitrate concentrations exceeded the Chinese standard of 20 mg/l, whereas few comparative samples (2.6%) collected in the U.S. exceeded 20 mg/l. In Tangshan, relatively low nitrate, which is indicative of uncontaminated background concentrations, was measured in older water of deeper wells. Recently recharged water was detected in wells drilled as deep as 150 m. Nitrate concentrations above background levels were also measured in water samples from these wells. In addition to nitrate, the agricultural area of the Tangshan region has been affected by elevated total dissolved solids and iron, the latter attributed to widespread application of animal wastes and sewage deposited on the land surface, which lead to oxygen depletion in the subsurface environment and dissolution of iron. The elevated total dissolved solids of the Tangshan study area could not be attributed to any one process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scientific World Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Hindawi Publishing","doi":"10.1100/tsw.2001.293","issn":"1537744X","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., Chao, L., and Xinquan, Z., 2001, Comparative assessment of groundwater quality in the Tangshan region of the People's Republic of China and similar areas in the U.S.: Scientific World Journal, v. 1, no. Suppl 2, p. 415-422, https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.293.","startPage":"415","endPage":"422","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.293","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269042,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.293"},{"id":233551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"Suppl 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f811e4b0c8380cd4ce76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, L.","contributorId":74173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xinquan, Z.","contributorId":60417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xinquan","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014943,"text":"1014943 - 2001 - Microsatellite DNA variation Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) and cross-species amplification the Acipenseridae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-06T16:38:36.532514","indexId":"1014943","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microsatellite DNA variation Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) and cross-species amplification the Acipenseridae","docAbstract":"Overharvest and habitat alteration have led to a collapse of most commercial Atlantic sturgeon(Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus)fisheries while pushing the species to rarity or extirpation in most of its historical range. A biologically sound conservation program for this species requires knowledge of its genetic diversity and of the evolutionary relationships among geographic populations. To address these research needs, six microsatellite loci were isolated from A. o. oxyrinchus. Pedigree analysis suggested that all are inherited in a codominant Mendelian pattern. The six loci were tested in ten additional sturgeon species from three genera and three apparent ploidy levels (4n, 8n, 16n). Approximately 70% of successful locus-species amplifications were polymorphic. Polysomy was observed most often in 8n and 16n species. Genetic diversity and population structure of A. o. oxyrinchus were assayed using three polymorphic Aox markers and four markers developed from lake sturgeon (A. fulvescens). A. o. oxyrinchus were sampled from the Altamaha River, Georgia, USA north to the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada. Gulf sturgeon, A. o. desotoi, were sampled from the Suwannee River, Florida, USA, to assess differentiation between the subspecies. Seventy-seven alleles were observed to segregate into unique multilocus genotypes for each of the 392 individuals assayed. Mean diversity was greatest in the Chesapeake Bay (9.7 alleles per locus) and Delaware River (7.4 alleles per locus) collections, and lowest in the St. Lawrence River (4.6 alleles per locus). Mean heterozygosity across seven loci ranged from 44.3% (St. Lawrence River) to 62.6% (Altamaha River). Significant allelic heterogeneity was observed in 82% of pairwise comparisons as well as a global test (p < 0.0001) for A. o. oxyrinchus collections. Genetic distance suggests the presence of at least six subpopulations in A. o. oxyrinchus: St. Lawrence River, St. John River, Hudson River, Delaware River, Albemarle Sound, and Altamaha River. Genetic and geographic distances were positively correlated (r = 0.57, p < 0.03) among A. o. oxyrinchus, suggesting isolation by distance and philopatry. Hierarchical gene diversity analysis indicated significant genetic population structure at every level. Maximum likelihood assignment tests correctly assigned individual fish to collection with a high rate of success (mean = 87.5%); this and other lines of evidence indicated that the Chesapeake Bay collection represents a mixed population of sub-adult sturgeon from northern and southern Atlantic coast populations. Population structure was correlated with that suggested by earlier mitochondrial (mt) DNA analyses. Significant diversity was observed between two Canadian populations from which only a single mt DNA haplotype has been reported.
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This population of salmon had undergone an epizootic of furunculosis, and the surviving fish maintained a persistent infection of Aeromonas salmonicida throughout the course of study. Eggs from 20 individual paired matings of salmon were obtained annually during the first 2 weeks of November in each spawning cycle from 1995 through 2000 except for 1999, when fertilized eggs from 35 pairs of salmon were examined. Aeromonas salmonicida was isolated from 19 of the total 135 groups of fertilized eggs investigated during this study. In those cases, all isolations of the pathogen were made only in fertilized eggs that had not yet undergone disinfection in iodophor. In contrast to the results produced in the field, in vitro assays showed that A. salmonicida was not completely killed when initial concentrations of the bacterium ranged between 1.0 × 107 and 1.2 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. 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Many applications that currently use elevation data will benefit from the increased availability of data with higher accuracy, quality, and resolution, especially in poorly mapped areas of the globe. SRTM data will be produced as seamless data, thereby avoiding many of the problems inherent in existing multi-source topographic databases. Serving as precursors to SRTM datasets, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has produced and is distributing seamless elevation datasets that facilitate scientific use of elevation data over large areas. GTOPO30 is a global elevation model with a 30 arc-second resolution (approximately 1-kilometer). The National Elevation Dataset (NED) covers the United States at a resolution of 1 arc-second (approximately 30-meters). Due to their seamless format and broad area coverage, both GTOPO30 and NED represent an advance in the usability of elevation data, but each still includes artifacts from the highly variable source data used to produce them. The consistent source data and processing approach for SRTM data will result in elevation products that will be a significant addition to the current availability of seamless datasets, specifically for many areas outside the U.S. One application that demonstrates some advantages that may be realized with SRTM data is delineation of land surface drainage features (watersheds and stream channels). Seamless distribution of elevation data in which a user interactively specifies the area of interest and order parameters via a map server is already being successfully demonstrated with existing USGS datasets. 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