{"pageNumber":"3109","pageRowStart":"77700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184828,"records":[{"id":70023078,"text":"70023078 - 2001 - Hydrothermal element fluxes from Copahue, Argentina: A \"beehive\" volcano in turmoil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T17:58:26.796846","indexId":"70023078","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal element fluxes from Copahue, Argentina: A \"beehive\" volcano in turmoil","docAbstract":"

Copahue volcano erupted altered rock debris, siliceous dust, pyroclastic sulfur, and rare juvenile fragments between 1992 and 1995, and magmatic eruptions occurred in July– October 2000. Prior to 2000, the Copahue crater lake, acid hot springs, and rivers carried acid brines with compositions that reflected close to congruent rock dissolution. The ratio between rock-forming elements and chloride in the central zone of the volcano-hydrothermal system has diminished over the past few years, reflecting increased water/rock ratios as a result of progressive rock dissolution. Magmatic activity in 2000 provided fresh rocks for the acid fluids, resulting in higher ratios between rock-forming elements and chloride in the fluids and enhanced Mg fluxes. The higher Mg fluxes started several weeks prior to the eruption. Model data on the crater lake and river element flux determinations indicate that Copahue volcano was hollowed out at a rate of about 20 000–25 000 m3/yr, but that void space was filled with about equal amounts of silica and liquid elemental sulfur. The extensive rock dissolution has weakened the internal volcanic structure, making flank collapse a volcanic hazard at Copahue.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1059:HEFFCA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Varekamp, J., Ouimette, A., Herman, S., Bermudez, A., and Delpino, D., 2001, Hydrothermal element fluxes from Copahue, Argentina: A \"beehive\" volcano in turmoil: Geology, v. 29, no. 11, p. 1059-1062, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1059:HEFFCA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1059","endPage":"1062","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina, Chile","otherGeospatial":"Copahue","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.1090087890625,\n -37.90249051864098\n ],\n [\n -70.916748046875,\n -37.907366581454944\n ],\n [\n -70.91194152832031,\n -37.773428545820934\n ],\n [\n -71.15570068359375,\n -37.767458038229684\n ],\n [\n -71.17218017578125,\n -37.78048397870301\n ],\n [\n -71.16119384765624,\n -37.79350762410675\n ],\n [\n -71.15570068359375,\n -37.810868914072984\n ],\n [\n -71.13853454589844,\n -37.81846319511329\n ],\n [\n -71.12686157226562,\n -37.822802433527556\n ],\n [\n -71.136474609375,\n -37.834191720600415\n ],\n [\n -71.15776062011719,\n -37.838530034214045\n ],\n [\n -71.16256713867188,\n -37.846663684549135\n ],\n [\n -71.19827270507812,\n -37.85425428219824\n ],\n [\n -71.20719909667969,\n -37.877021386076336\n ],\n [\n -71.17767333984375,\n -37.898155969343314\n ],\n [\n -71.14059448242188,\n -37.87810535842237\n ],\n [\n -71.11930847167969,\n -37.89056989382213\n ],\n [\n -71.1090087890625,\n -37.90249051864098\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a379de4b0c8380cd61006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varekamp, J.C.","contributorId":56006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varekamp","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ouimette, A.P.","contributorId":99341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouimette","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herman, S.W.","contributorId":44712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bermudez, A.","contributorId":61991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bermudez","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Delpino, D.","contributorId":87724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delpino","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023628,"text":"70023628 - 2001 - Experimentally induced pigment changes in small African 'Barbus' (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): Synonymy of 'Barbus' amphigramma and 'Barbus' taitensis with 'Barbus' paludinosus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T15:56:08.032379","indexId":"70023628","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Experimentally induced pigment changes in small African 'Barbus' (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): Synonymy of 'Barbus' amphigramma and 'Barbus' taitensis with 'Barbus' paludinosus","title":"Experimentally induced pigment changes in small African 'Barbus' (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): Synonymy of 'Barbus' amphigramma and 'Barbus' taitensis with 'Barbus' paludinosus","docAbstract":"

Pigmentation in fishes is known to be variable both among individuals of a species and within individuals over time. Use of pigment characters for taxonomic diagnoses must, therefore, be carefully considered. I present experimental evidence showing that pigment characters previously considered diagnostic for three small African ‘Barbus’ species may differ between living and preserved specimens and that lasting changes in these characters can be induced experimentally by placing fishes in a different, less turbid environment. Lateral line pigmentation and presence of a spot on the caudal peduncle showed significant changes that resulted in different species identifications before and after the experiment. These pigment patterns are thereby shown to be labile, nontrenchant characters having little or no diagnostic utility. ‘Barbus’ amphigramma Boulenger, 1903, and ‘Barbus’ taitensis Günther, 1894, are thus shown to be junior synonyms of ‘Barbus’ paludinosus Peters, 1852.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0243:EIPCIS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Farm, B.P., 2001, Experimentally induced pigment changes in small African 'Barbus' (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): Synonymy of 'Barbus' amphigramma and 'Barbus' taitensis with 'Barbus' paludinosus: Copeia, v. 1, p. 243-247, https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0243:EIPCIS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"247","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Tanzania","otherGeospatial":"Serengeti National Park, Nyabogati River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 34.15374755859374,\n -2.92384002864577\n ],\n [\n 35.38421630859375,\n -2.92384002864577\n ],\n [\n 35.38421630859375,\n -2.0869407308811065\n ],\n [\n 34.15374755859374,\n -2.0869407308811065\n ],\n [\n 34.15374755859374,\n -2.92384002864577\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dfbe4b0c8380cd5325c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farm, Brian P.","contributorId":88512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farm","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023570,"text":"70023570 - 2001 - Alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie: Effects of vegetation type and anthropogenic disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T16:28:49.899515","indexId":"70023570","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie: Effects of vegetation type and anthropogenic disturbance","docAbstract":"The ability of alien plant species to invade a region depends not only on attributes of the plant, but on characteristics of the habitat being invaded. Here, we examine characteristics that may influence the success of alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, in western North Dakota, USA. The park consists of two geographically separate units with similar vegetation types and management history, which allowed us to examine the effects of native vegetation type, anthropogenic disturbance, and the separate park units on the invasion of native plant communities by alien plant species common to counties surrounding both park units. If matters of chance related to availability of propagules and transient establishment opportunities determine the success of invasion, park unit and anthropogenic disturbance should better explain the variation in alien plant frequency. If invasibility is more strongly related to biotic or physical characteristics of the native plant communities, models of alien plant occurrence should include vegetation type as an explanatory variable. We examined >1300 transects across all vegetation types in both units of the park. Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) indicated that the fully parameterized model, including the interaction among vegetation type, disturbance, and park unit, best described the distribution of both total number of alien plants per transect and frequency of alien plants on transects where they occurred. Although all vegetation types were invaded by alien plants, mesic communities had both greater numbers and higher frequencies of alien plants than did drier communities. A strong element of stochasticity, reflected in differences in frequencies of individual species between the two park units, suggests that prediction of risk of invasion will always involve uncertainty. In addition, despite well-documented associations between anthropogenic disturbance and alien plant invasion, five of the six most abundant alien species at Theodore Roosevelt National Park had distributions unrelated to disturbance. We recommend that vegetation type be explicitly taken into account when designing monitoring plans for alien species in natural areas.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0128:APIIMG]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Larson, D., Anderson, P., and Newton, W., 2001, Alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie: Effects of vegetation type and anthropogenic disturbance: Ecological Applications, v. 11, no. 1, p. 128-141, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0128:APIIMG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"141","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e963e4b0c8380cd48242","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, D.L. 0000-0001-5202-0634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":69501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, P.J.","contributorId":83058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, W.","contributorId":47119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001782,"text":"1001782 - 2001 - Survival of female wood ducks during brood rearing in Mississippi and Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T18:58:55.078214","indexId":"1001782","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of female wood ducks during brood rearing in Mississippi and Alabama","docAbstract":"

Knowledge of survival of female ducks is important for understanding population dynamics and managing hunted species. We estimated survival of female wood ducks (Aix sponsa) during brood rearing in different wetland environments in Mississippi (1996-1999) and Alabama (1998-1999). Survival was 0.90 ± 0.05 (Ŝ ± SE) in Mississippi and 0.92 ± 0.07 in Alabama. A composite estimate of female survival for all years and both areas was 0.90 ± 0.04. High survival of females during brood rearing in our study areas suggests that this factor may be less important than other population factors (e.g., duckling survival) influencing fall recruitment in these wood duck populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3803024","usgsCitation":"Davis, J.B., Kaminski, R., Leopold, B., and Cox, R.R., 2001, Survival of female wood ducks during brood rearing in Mississippi and Alabama: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 4, p. 738-744, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803024.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"738","endPage":"744","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Aliceville Lake, Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge, Tenessee-Tombigbee Rivers Waterway","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.29118888630316,\n 33.207869561760276\n ],\n [\n -88.2781426216545,\n 33.212465511576056\n ],\n [\n -88.2733361030999,\n 33.22510312907242\n ],\n [\n -88.26028983845127,\n 33.25410530031513\n ],\n [\n -88.28741233601029,\n 33.27821858825838\n ],\n [\n -88.30148856892067,\n 33.28654186772104\n ],\n [\n -88.32517783893964,\n 33.275922371492854\n ],\n [\n -88.33376090778776,\n 33.255540801411684\n ],\n [\n -88.32002799763154,\n 33.23659028811362\n ],\n [\n -88.29118888630316,\n 33.207869561760276\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.99498541348069,\n 33.28987267080984\n ],\n [\n -88.99366639090469,\n 33.233454443915825\n ],\n [\n -88.9923473683281,\n 33.14781225470186\n ],\n [\n -88.76405804624686,\n 33.14735363196438\n ],\n [\n -88.76558134598142,\n 33.434575370821676\n ],\n [\n -88.91105209241825,\n 33.4340937859263\n ],\n [\n -88.91188553186409,\n 33.289056500193325\n ],\n [\n -88.99498541348069,\n 33.28987267080984\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6882ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J. B. hdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":81838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"J.","email":"hdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaminski, R.M.","contributorId":53330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leopold, B.D.","contributorId":72738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":87381,"text":"87381 - 2001 - Coastal sage scrub case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-26T19:01:18.571408","indexId":"87381","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Coastal sage scrub case study","docAbstract":"

In ecological applications of large-scale spatial data to management decisions concerning land planning and conservation, errors and biases may creep into the analysis and decision making at several steps (see Chaps. 1, 2, and 3), including:

  1. •

    Uncertainty in positions of spatial locations of relevant ecological and physiographic features of the landscape.

  2. •

    Uncertainty of the type and attributes of land cover at a particular location.

  3. •

    Uncertainty in how different land covers at a position in space and the geometric arrangement of land covers nearby might influence an animal species occurrence or distribution, or the magnitude of some ecological process.

  4. •

    Uncertainty about the relative importance of each spatial location to the overall success or persistence of a population or ecological process.

  5. •

    Uncertainty about how to weight each species or ecological process in determining the overall biodiversity and functioning of ecosystems, local and national resource priorities, and consistency with legislative mandates. We would like to be able to quantify the errors at each step, identify biases, and pass these along to the next analysis step so that our degree of uncertainty regarding potential outcomes is evident at each level (e.g., Stoms et al. 1992).

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Spatial uncertainty in ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4613-0209-4_3","usgsCitation":"Case, T.J., and Fisher, R., 2001, Coastal sage scrub case study, chap. of Spatial uncertainty in ecology, p. 47-71, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0209-4_3.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"71","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":127810,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeaf3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hunsaker, C.","contributorId":48887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunsaker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505133,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodchild, M.","contributorId":112893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodchild","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505135,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedl, Mark A.","contributorId":113388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedl","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505136,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, T.","contributorId":111692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505134,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Case, T. J.","contributorId":77078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156212,"text":"70156212 - 2001 - Monthly fractional green vegetation cover associated with land cover classes of the conterminous USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T16:03:23","indexId":"70156212","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monthly fractional green vegetation cover associated with land cover classes of the conterminous USA","docAbstract":"

The land cover classes developed under the coordination of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBP-DIS) have been analyzed for a study area that includes the Conterminous United States and portions of Mexico and Canada. The 1-km resolution data have been analyzed to produce a gridded data set that includes within each 20-km grid cell: 1) the three most dominant land cover classes, 2) the fractional area associated with each of the three dominant classes, and 3) the fractional area covered by water. Additionally, the monthly fraction of green vegetation cover (fgreen) associated with each of the three dominant land cover classes per grid cell was derived from a 5-year climatology of 1-km resolution NOAA-AVHRR data. The variables derived in this study provide a potential improvement over the use of monthly fgreen linked to a single land cover class per model grid cell.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2000GL011874","usgsCitation":"Gallo, K.P., Tarpley, D., Mitchell, K., Csiszar, I., Owen, T., and Reed, B.C., 2001, Monthly fractional green vegetation cover associated with land cover classes of the conterminous USA: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 10, p. 2089-2092, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011874.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2089","endPage":"2092","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011874","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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Ken","contributorId":8211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Csiszar, Ivan","contributorId":146521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Csiszar","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Owen, Tobias","contributorId":103788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Tobias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center 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Twelve adult and 25 larval Yosemite toad (Bufo canorus) specimens from the eastern Sierra Nevada of California were examined histologically for evidence of infectious, toxicological, and degenerative diseases. The preserved toads were selected from 21 that had been salvaged or collected during a die-off in 1976-1979 that immediately preceded a population decline. Causes of death of four toads were determined histologically; clinical signs and field observations suggested causes of death of three more. Four toads died of infectious diseases, including chytridiomycosis of the skin (N = 1), bacillary septicemia (N = 2), and combined chytridiomycosis and bacterial septicemia (N = 1). Infections by a funguslike organism (Dermosporidium penneri), renal myxozoa (Leptotheca ohlmacheri), larval Rhabdias, various gastrointestinal nematodes, urinary bladder flukes, and lung flukes were detected in five specimens. No evidence of degenerative diseases, virus infections, or intoxications was found. The variety of lethal diseases and our inability to determine the causes of death of five specimens suggests that one or more histologically undetectable diseases or intoxications may have also contributed to the deaths and population decline.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1566028","usgsCitation":"Green, D.E., and Sherman, C.K., 2001, Diagnostic histological findings in Yosemite toads (Bufo canorus) from die-off in the 1970s: Journal of Herpetology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 92-103, https://doi.org/10.2307/1566028.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"103","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park, Saddlebag Lake, Tioga Lake, Tioga Pass Meadow","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.26735731325776,\n 37.931408007978845\n ],\n [\n -119.26735731325776,\n 37.8960877876888\n ],\n [\n -119.24616984985877,\n 37.8960877876888\n ],\n [\n -119.24616984985877,\n 37.931408007978845\n ],\n [\n -119.26735731325776,\n 37.931408007978845\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.29775989588323,\n 37.98295533862667\n ],\n [\n -119.29775989588323,\n 37.973289390262494\n ],\n [\n -119.27468587752381,\n 37.973289390262494\n ],\n [\n -119.27468587752381,\n 37.98295533862667\n ],\n [\n -119.29775989588323,\n 37.98295533862667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dbbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, D. Earl david_green@usgs.gov","contributorId":75883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"david_green@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherman, Cynthia Kagarise","contributorId":15141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherman","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"Kagarise","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023338,"text":"70023338 - 2001 - Rotund versus skinny orogens: Well-nourished or malnourished gold?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T17:49:36.99949","indexId":"70023338","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rotund versus skinny orogens: Well-nourished or malnourished gold?","docAbstract":"Orogenic gold vein deposits require a particular conjunction of processes to form and be preserved, and their global distribution can be related to broad-scale, evolving tectonic processes throughout Earth history. A heterogeneous distribution of formation ages for these mineral deposits is marked by two major Precambrian peaks (2800-2555 Ma and 2100-1800 Ma), a singular lack of deposits for 1200 m.y. (1800-600 Ma), and relatively continuous formation since then (after 600 Ma). The older parts of the distribution relate to major episodes of continental growth, perhaps controlled by plume-influenced mantle overturn events, in the hotter early Earth (ca. 1800 Ma or earlier). This worldwide process allowed preservation of gold deposits in cratons, roughly equidimensional, large masses of buoyant continental crust. Evolution to a less episodic, more continuous, modern-style plate tectonic regime led to the accretion of volcano-sedimentary complexes as progressively younger linear orogenic belts sorrounding the margins of the more buoyant cratons. The susceptibility of these linear belts to uplift and erosion can explain the overall lack of orogenic gold deposits at 1800-600 Ma, their exposure in 600-50 Ma orogens, the increasing importance of placer deposits back through the Phanerozoic since ca. 100 Ma, and the absence of gold deposits in orogenic belts younger than ca. 50 Ma.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0539:RVSOWN>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R., Groves, D., and Gardoll, S., 2001, Rotund versus skinny orogens: Well-nourished or malnourished gold?: Geology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 539-542, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0539:RVSOWN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"542","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaea1e4b0c8380cd87139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardoll, S.","contributorId":94820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardoll","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023541,"text":"70023541 - 2001 - Quantifying the relative importance of flow regulation and grain size regulation of suspended sediment transport α and tracking changes in grain size of bed sediment β","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T10:35:49","indexId":"70023541","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the relative importance of flow regulation and grain size regulation of suspended sediment transport α and tracking changes in grain size of bed sediment β","docAbstract":"

To predict changes in sediment transport, it is essential to know whether transport is regulated mainly by changes in flow or by changes in grain size of sediment on the bed. In flows where changes in suspended sediment transport are regulated purely by changes in flow (grain size of bed sediment is constant), increases in flow strength cause increases in both concentration and grain size of sediment in suspension (because stronger flows are able to suspend more sediment and coarser grains). Under this constraint of constant grain size of bed sediment concentration and median diameter of suspended sediment are positively correlated. In contrast, where transport is regulated purely by changes in grain size of sediment on the bed, concentration and median diameter of suspended sediment are negatively correlated (because increasing the median diameter of the bed sediment causes the concentration to decrease while causing the median grain size in suspension to increase). Where both flow strength and grain size on the bed are free to vary, the relation between concentration and grain size in suspension can be used to quantify the importance of grain size regulation relative to flow regulation of sediment transport, a measure defined as α. To predict sediment transport in systems that are regulated dominantly by changes in grain size on the bed, it is more useful to measure sediment input events or changes in grain size on the bed than to measure changes in flow. More commonly, grain size of bed sediment may be secondary to flow in regulating transport but may, nevertheless, be important. The relative coarseness of bed sediment (β) can be measured directly or, like α, can be calculated from measurements of concentration and grain size of suspended sediment.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900250","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., and Topping, D.J., 2001, Quantifying the relative importance of flow regulation and grain size regulation of suspended sediment transport α and tracking changes in grain size of bed sediment β: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 1, p. 133-146, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900250.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900250","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91ede4b0c8380cd80544","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001796,"text":"1001796 - 2001 - Mitochondrial phylogeography, subspecific taxonomy, and conservation genetics of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; Aves: Gruidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-06T16:56:34.406857","indexId":"1001796","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mitochondrial phylogeography, subspecific taxonomy, and conservation genetics of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; Aves: Gruidae)","title":"Mitochondrial phylogeography, subspecific taxonomy, and conservation genetics of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; Aves: Gruidae)","docAbstract":"

Six subspecies of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) have been denoted based on perceived morphological and/or breeding locality differences among them. Three subspecies are migratory, breeding from the high arctic in North America and Siberia (lesser sandhill, G. c. canadensis),south through central Canada (Canadian sandhill, G. c. rowani) and into the northern United States (greater sandhill, G. c. tabida). A review of sandhill crane taxonomy indicates that the size variation, on the basis of which these subspecies were named, may be clinal and not diagnostic. The other three subspecies, all listed as endangered or threatened, are non-migratory, resident in Florida (G. c. pratensis), Mississippi (G. c. pulla), and Cuba (G. c. nesiotes). We used analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) sequences to determine whether haplotypes representing current subspecies show any genetic cohesion or are more consistent with a pattern of clinal variation in morphology. CR sequences indicate that only two highly divergent (5.3%) lineages of sandhill cranes occur in North America: one lineage composed only of arctic-nesting G. c. canadensis, the other of the remaining North American subspecies (we lack data on the Cuban population). The deep split between lineages is consistent with an estimated isolation of approximately 1.5 Mya (mid-Pleistocene), while the distribution of mutational changes within lineages is consistent with an hypothesis of rapid, post-Pleistocene population expansions. No other phylogeographic structuring is concordant with subspecific boundaries, however, analysis of molecular variance indicates that there is significant population genetic differentiation among all subspecies except G. c. tabida and G. c. rowani, which are indistinguishable. We suggest that recognition of the recently named G. c. rowani be abandoned.

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M.G.","contributorId":98671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fain","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krajewski, C.","contributorId":35679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krajewski","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023543,"text":"70023543 - 2001 - The Khida terrane - Geochronological and isotopic evidence for Paleoproterozoic and Archean crust in the eastern Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T14:37:31","indexId":"70023543","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1848,"text":"Gondwana Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Khida terrane - Geochronological and isotopic evidence for Paleoproterozoic and Archean crust in the eastern Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"
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The Khida terrane of the eastern Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia has been proposed as being underlain by Paleoproterozoic to Archean continental crust (Stoeser and Stacey, 1988). Detailed geological aspects of the Khida terrane, particularly resulting from new fieldwork during 1999, are discussed in a companion abstract (Stoeser et al., this volume). We present conventional and ion- microprobe U-Pb zircon geoenronology, Nd whole-rock, and feldspar Pb isotopic data that further elucidate the pre-Pan-African evolution of the Khida terrane. Locations for the Muhayil samples described below are shown in figure 2 of Stoeser et al. (this volume). 

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","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Gondwana Research","publisherLocation":"Osaka, Japan","doi":"10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70695-X","issn":"1342937X","usgsCitation":"Whitehouse, M., Stoeser, D.B., and Stacey, J.S., 2001, The Khida terrane - Geochronological and isotopic evidence for Paleoproterozoic and Archean crust in the eastern Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia: Gondwana Research, v. 4, no. 2, p. 200-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70695-X.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 40,\n 16\n ],\n [\n 35,\n 29\n ],\n [\n 44.5,\n 29\n ],\n [\n 44.5,\n 16\n ],\n [\n 40,\n 16\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba79ce4b08c986b32169e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehouse, M.J.","contributorId":87699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehouse","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoeser, D. B.","contributorId":18735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023343,"text":"70023343 - 2001 - Timescales for nitrate contamination of spring waters, northern Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T19:38:10","indexId":"70023343","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timescales for nitrate contamination of spring waters, northern Florida, USA","docAbstract":"

Residence times of groundwater, discharging from springs in the middle Suwannee River Basin, were estimated using chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium (3H), and tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) age-dating methods to assess the chronology of nitrate contamination of spring waters in northern Florida. During base-flow conditions for the Suwannee River in 1997–1999, 17 water samples were collected from 12 first, second, and third magnitude springs discharging groundwater from the Upper Floridan aquifer. Extending age-dating techniques, using transient tracers to spring waters in complex karst systems, required an assessment of several models [piston-flow (PFM), exponential mixing (EMM), and binary-mixing (BMM)] to account for different distributions of groundwater age. Multi-tracer analyses of four springs yielded generally concordant PFM ages of around 20±2 years from CFC-12, CFC-113, 3H, and 3He, with evidence of partial CFC-11 degradation. The EMM gave a reasonable fit to CFC-113, CFC-12, and 3H data, but did not reproduce the observed 3He concentrations or 3H/3He ratios, nor did a combination PFM–EMM. The BMM could reproduce most of the multi-tracer data set only if both endmembers had 3H concentrations not much different from modern values. CFC analyses of 14 additional springs yielded apparent PFM ages from about 10 to 20 years from CFC-113, with evidence of partial CFC-11 degradation and variable CFC-12 contamination. While it is not conclusive, with respect to the age distribution within each spring, the data indicate that the average residence times were in the order of 10–20 years and were roughly proportional to spring magnitude. Applying similar models to recharge and discharge of nitrate based on historical nitrogen loading data yielded contrasting trends for Suwanee County and Lafayette County. In Suwanee County, spring nitrate trends and nitrogen isotope data were consistent with a peak in fertilizer input in the 1970s and a relatively high overall ratio of artificial fertilizer/manure; whereas in Lafayette County, spring nitrate trends and nitrogen isotope data were consistent with a more monotonic increase in fertilizer input and relatively low overall ratio of artificial fertilizer/manure. The combined results of this study indicate that the nitrate concentrations of springs in the Suwannee River basin have responded to increased nitrogen loads from various sources in the watersheds over the last few decades; however, the responses have been subdued and delayed because the average residence time of groundwater discharging from springs are in the order of decades.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00321-7","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Böhlke, J., and Hornsby, H., 2001, Timescales for nitrate contamination of spring waters, northern Florida, USA: Chemical Geology, v. 179, no. 1-4, p. 167-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00321-7.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"186","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00321-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 30.334953881988564\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 30.278044377800153\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 30.240086360983426\n ],\n [\n -85.6494140625,\n 29.935895213372444\n ],\n [\n -85.45166015624999,\n 29.592565403314087\n ],\n [\n -85.0341796875,\n 29.592565403314087\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 29.783449456820605\n ],\n [\n -84.17724609375,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -83.8916015625,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 29.477861195816843\n ],\n [\n -83.03466796874999,\n 28.94086176940557\n ],\n [\n -82.9248046875,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 28.671310915880834\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 28.825425374477224\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -81.45263671875,\n 30.732392734006083\n ],\n [\n -82.02392578125,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 30.637912028341123\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 30.789036751261136\n ],\n [\n -85.0341796875,\n 31.052933985705163\n ],\n [\n -87.64892578125,\n 31.034108344903512\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 30.334953881988564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"179","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3e2e4b08c986b32604a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornsby, H.D.","contributorId":91139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornsby","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023555,"text":"70023555 - 2001 - Effect of the 1997-1998 ENSO-related drought on hydrology and salinity in a Micronesian wetland complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T16:10:50.202353","indexId":"70023555","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of the 1997-1998 ENSO-related drought on hydrology and salinity in a Micronesian wetland complex","docAbstract":"

The potential effects of global climate change on coastal ecosystems have attracted considerable attention, but the impacts of shorter-term climate perturbations such as ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) are lesser known. In this study, we determined the effects of the 1997–1998 ENSO-related drought on the hydrology and salinity of a Micronesian mangrove ecosystem and an adjacent freshwater swamp. A network of 9 piezometer clusters installed at the study site served as sampling points for continuous and manual measurements of salinity and water level. During the drought period from January through April 1998, mean water table levels in the mangroves and freshwater swamp were approximately 12 and 54 cm lower, respectively, than during May through December when precipitation returned to near normal levels. At the peak of the drought (February 1998), the most dramatic result was a reversal in groundwater flow that sent groundwater from the mangroves upstream toward the freshwater swamp. Flow nets constructed for this period and immediately after illustrate the strong hydrological linkage between the two systems. This linkage was also illustrated by measurements of groundwater salinity in the piezometer network. Ninety-six percent of the salinity measurements taken in the mangroves during the study were at least 10‰ less than the salinity of sea water, indicating that the mangroves were consistently receiving freshwater flows. An analysis of variance of groundwater salinity measurements during and after the drought showed that salinity levels in the 0.5 and 1.0 m depth piezometers were greater during than after the drought. In a comparison of salinity values in 0.5-m wells during low tide, mean salinity was approximately twice as high during the drought than after (14.7‰ versus 6.2‰, respectively). This study demonstrates that short-term climate perturbations such as ENSO can disrupt important coastal processes. Over repeated drought cycles, such perturbations have the potential to affect the structure and function of mangrove forests and upstream ecosystems.

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C.","contributorId":70352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023556,"text":"70023556 - 2001 - Recognition of fiducial surfaces in lidar surveys of coastal topography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70023556","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recognition of fiducial surfaces in lidar surveys of coastal topography","docAbstract":"A new method for the recognition and mapping of surfaces in coastal landscapes that provide accurate and low variability topographic measurements with respect to airborne lidar surveys is described and demonstrated in this paper. Such surfaces are herein termed \"fiducial\" because they can represent reference baseline morphology in Studies of coastal change due to natural or anthropogenic causes. Non-fiducial surfaces may also be identified in each separate lidar survey to be used in a given geomorphic change analysis. Sites that are non-fiducial in either or both lidar surveys that bracket the time period under investigation may be excluded from consideration in subsequent calculations of survey-to-survey elevation differences to eliminate spurious indications of landscape change. This new analysis method, or lidar fiducial surface recognition (LFSR) algorithm, is intended to more fully enable the non-ambiguous Use of topographic lidar in a range of coastal investigations. The LFSR algorithm may be widely applied, because it is based solely on the information inherent in the USGS/NASA/NOAA airborne topographic lidar coverage that exists for most of the contiguous U.S. coastline.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Brock, J.C., Sallenger, A., Krabill, W., Swift, R., and Wright, C.W., 2001, Recognition of fiducial surfaces in lidar surveys of coastal topography: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 67, no. 11, p. 1245-1258.","startPage":"1245","endPage":"1258","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9677e4b0c8380cd81feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sallenger, A. H.","contributorId":78290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabill, W.B.","contributorId":22952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabill","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swift, R.N.","contributorId":67705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023557,"text":"70023557 - 2001 - Urbanization effects on the hydrology of the Atlanta, Georgia (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023557","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urbanization effects on the hydrology of the Atlanta, Georgia (USA)","docAbstract":"For the period from 1958 to 1996, streamflow and rainfall characteristics of a highly urbanized watershed were compared with less-urbanized and non-urbanized watersheds in the vicinity of Atlanta, Georgia (USA). Water levels in several wells completed in surficial and crystalline-rock aquifers also were evaluated. Annual runoff coefficients (runoff as a fractional percentage of precipitation) ranged from 0.31 to 0.34 and were not significantly different for the urban stream (Peachtree Creek). Peak flows for the largest 25 stormflows at Peachtree Creek were 30% to 80% greater than peak flows for the other streams. A 2-day storm recession constant for Peachtree Creek was much larger, that is streamflow decreased more rapidly than for the other streams. Average low flow of Peachtree Creek was 25 to 35% less than the other streams, possibly the result of decreased infiltration caused by the more efficient routing of storm water and the paving of groundwater recharge areas. The timing of groundwater level variations was similar annually in each well, reflecting the seasonal recharge. Although water level monitoring only began during the late 1970s and early 1980s for the two urban wells, water levels in these wells have been declining compared to non-urban wells since then. The water level decline is attributed to decreased groundwater recharge in the urban watersheds due to increased imperviousness and related rapid storm runoff. Likewise, the increased urbanization from the 1960s to the 1990s of the Peachtree Creek watershed produced more runoff than urbanization in the less urbanized Big Creek and Sweetwater Creek watersheds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Rose, S., 2001, Urbanization effects on the hydrology of the Atlanta, Georgia (USA): IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 269, p. 109-116.","startPage":"109","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"269","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe45e4b08c986b3294c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, S.","contributorId":56002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023559,"text":"70023559 - 2001 - Evaluation of mixed-population flood-frequency analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023559","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of mixed-population flood-frequency analysis","docAbstract":"A mixed population of flood flows was shown to cause quality-of-fit problems if a single-population flood-frequency distribution was used to describe the flood data. The three populations in this mix were \"ordinary,\" tropical cyclone, and ice-jam-release floods. Parametric descriptions of the single and separated flood populations were evaluated using probability-plot correlation-coefficient tests. These tests quantified how well the flood-probability distributions agreed with plotting-position descriptions of the data and quantified the differences due to the mixed-population analysis. High outliers caused the high skewness found in the single- population analyses. The tropical cyclone component was underestimated by single-population analyses at gauging stations in Massachusetts that had little data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:1(62)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Murphy, P., 2001, Evaluation of mixed-population flood-frequency analysis: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 6, no. 1, p. 62-70, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:1(62).","startPage":"62","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207302,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:1(62)"},{"id":232138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c9be4b0c8380cd52c06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, P.J.","contributorId":91903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023560,"text":"70023560 - 2001 - User interface for ground-water modeling: Arcview extension","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023560","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"User interface for ground-water modeling: Arcview extension","docAbstract":"Numerical simulation for ground-water modeling often involves handling large input and output data sets. A geographic information system (GIS) provides an integrated platform to manage, analyze, and display disparate data and can greatly facilitate modeling efforts in data compilation, model calibration, and display of model parameters and results. Furthermore, GIS can be used to generate information for decision making through spatial overlay and processing of model results. Arc View is the most widely used Windows-based GIS software that provides a robust user-friendly interface to facilitate data handling and display. An extension is an add-on program to Arc View that provides additional specialized functions. An Arc View interface for the ground-water flow and transport models MODFLOW and MT3D was built as an extension for facilitating modeling. The extension includes preprocessing of spatially distributed (point, line, and polygon) data for model input and postprocessing of model output. An object database is used for linking user dialogs and model input files. The Arc View interface utilizes the capabilities of the 3D Analyst extension. Models can be automatically calibrated through the Arc View interface by external linking to such programs as PEST. The efficient pre- and postprocessing capabilities and calibration link were demonstrated for ground-water modeling in southwest Kansas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:3(251)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Tsou, M., and Whittemore, D.O., 2001, User interface for ground-water modeling: Arcview extension: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 6, no. 3, p. 251-257, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:3(251).","startPage":"251","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:3(251)"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbfc5e4b08c986b329d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsou, Ming-shu","contributorId":20507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsou","given":"Ming-shu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022733,"text":"70022733 - 2001 - Geologic history of the polar regions of Mars based on Mars Global surveyor data. II. Amazonian period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70022733","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic history of the polar regions of Mars based on Mars Global surveyor data. II. Amazonian period","docAbstract":"Based on Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) observations of Amazonian polar layered deposits' (PLD) morphology, composition, and thickness, we conclude that the PLDs are composed of porous unconsolidated layers that have not experienced significant basal melting or other glacial-type processes. Morphologic features and associations within the PLD chasmata, including preserved craters and sinuous ridges, indicate that the dominant process of chasmata formation is wind scouring. Our detailed analysis of south polar spiral-trough topography, in conjunction with the identification of similar layered stratigraphy within north polar spiral troughs, suggests that trough migration due to preferential ablation of Sun-facing slopes cannot be demonstrated. Within the layered sequences, we have not identified widespread unconformities, discontinuities, or pinch-outs that would indicate an accublation origin of the PLDs. We therefore postulate that the well-defined PLDs at both poles eventually reached and maintained their present form following deposition without extensive deformation or redeposition. Large, cuspate ridges in the Ultimi lobe of Planum Australe appear to be layered and may be unusual erosional remnants of a once thicker PLD in this area. Beneath the north polar layered deposits in Planum Boreum, we have identified a platform of older, highly degraded polar deposits as much as a kilometer thick that may have once covered an area larger than Planum Boreum. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.2001.6676","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Kolb, E., and Tanaka, K.L., 2001, Geologic history of the polar regions of Mars based on Mars Global surveyor data. II. Amazonian period: Icarus, v. 154, no. 1, p. 22-39, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6676.","startPage":"22","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208114,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6676"},{"id":233567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a197ee4b0c8380cd559ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolb, E.J.","contributorId":16555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolb","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023562,"text":"70023562 - 2001 - Trace metal suites in Antarctic pre-industrial ice are consistent with emissions from quiescent degassing of volcanoes worldwide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023562","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace metal suites in Antarctic pre-industrial ice are consistent with emissions from quiescent degassing of volcanoes worldwide","docAbstract":"Trace metals are more abundant in atmospheric load and deposition material than can be due to rock and soil dusts and ocean salt. In pre-industrial ice from coastal west Antarctica, dust and salt account for only a few percent of the lead, cadmium, and indium that is present in most samples, less than half in any sample. For these trace metals, the deposition rate to the pre-industrial ice is approximately matched by the output rate to the atmosphere by quiescent (non-explosive) degassing of volcanoes worldwide, according to a new estimate. The basis of the match is the masses and proportions of the metals, and the proportions of Pb isotopes, in ice and in volcano emissions. The isotopic compositions of Pb in ice are similar to those of a suite of ocean island volcanoes, mostly in the southern hemisphere. The natural baseline values for pre-industrial atmospheric deposition fluxes of trace metal suites at Taylor Dome, and the worldwide quiescent volcano emissions fluxes to which they are linked, constitute a reasonably well-constrained baseline component for deposition fluxes of metals in modern times. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00228-X","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Matsumoto, A., and Hinkley, T.K., 2001, Trace metal suites in Antarctic pre-industrial ice are consistent with emissions from quiescent degassing of volcanoes worldwide: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 186, no. 1, p. 33-43, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00228-X.","startPage":"33","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207325,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00228-X"},{"id":232178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"186","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb670e4b08c986b326c83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matsumoto, A.","contributorId":53987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsumoto","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023563,"text":"70023563 - 2001 - Separating the effects of intra- and interspecific age-structured interactions in an experimental fish assemblage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023563","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Separating the effects of intra- and interspecific age-structured interactions in an experimental fish assemblage","docAbstract":"We documented patterns of age-structured biotic interactions in four mesocosm experiments with an assemblage of three species of co-occurring fishes from the Florida Everglades, the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna), and bluefin killifish (Lucania goodei). These species were chosen based on their high abundance and overlapping diets. Juvenile mosquitofish and sailfin mollies, at a range of densities matching field estimates, were maintained in the presence of adult mosquitofish, sailfin mollies, and bluefin killifish to test for effects of competition and predation on juvenile survival and growth. The mesocosms held 1,200 1 of water and all conditions were set to simulate those in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (ENP), USA. We placed floating mats of periphyton and bladderwort in each tank in standard volumes that matched field values to provide cover and to introduce invertebrate prey. Of 15 possible intra- and interspecific age-structured interactions, we found 7 to be present at the densities of these fish found in Shark River Slough marshes. Predation by adult mosquitofish on juvenile fish, including conspecifics, was the strongest effect observed. We also observed growth limitation in mosquitofish and sailfin molly juveniles from intra- and interspecific competition. When maintained at high densities, juvenile mosquitofish changed their diets to include more cladocerans and fewer chironomid larvae relative to low densities. We estimated size-specific gape limitation by adult mosquitofish when consuming juvenile mosquitofish and sailfin mollies. At high field densities, intraspecific competition might prolong the time period when juveniles are vulnerable to predation by adult mosquitofish. These results suggest that path analysis, or other techniques used to document food-web interactions, must include age-specific roles of these fishes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s004420000575","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Taylor, R., Trexler, J., and Loftus, W., 2001, Separating the effects of intra- and interspecific age-structured interactions in an experimental fish assemblage: Oecologia, v. 127, no. 1, p. 143-152, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000575.","startPage":"143","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207343,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420000575"},{"id":232219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d3ce4b08c986b3182f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, R.C.","contributorId":88123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trexler, J.C.","contributorId":23108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023565,"text":"70023565 - 2001 - Acidic deposition in the northeastern United States: Sources and inputs, ecosystem effects, and management strategies: The effects of acidic deposition in the northeastern United States include the acidification of soil and water, which stresses terrestrial and aquatic biota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T15:37:21.657824","indexId":"70023565","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acidic deposition in the northeastern United States: Sources and inputs, ecosystem effects, and management strategies: The effects of acidic deposition in the northeastern United States include the acidification of soil and water, which stresses terrestrial and aquatic biota","docAbstract":"

Acidic deposition is the transfer of strong acids and acid-forming substances from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth. The composition of acidic deposition includes ions, gases, and particles derived from the following: gaseous emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ammonia (NH3), and particulate emissions of acidifying and neutralizing compounds. Over the past quarter century of study, acidic deposition has emerged as a critical environmental stress that affects forested landscapes and aquatic ecosystems in North America, Europe, and Asia. This complex problem is an example of a new class of environmental issues that are multiregional in scale and are not amenable to simple resolution by policymakers. Acidic deposition can originate from transboundary air pollution and can affect large geographic areas. It is highly variable across space and time, links air pollution to diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and alters the interactions of many elements (e.g., sulfur [S], nitrogen [N], hydrogen ion [H+], calcium [Ca2+], magnesium [Mg2+], and aluminum [Al]). It also contributes directly and indirectly to biological stress and to the degradation of ecosystems. Despite the complexity of the effects of acidic deposition, North American and European management actions directed toward the recovery of damaged natural resources have resulted in recent decreases in both emissions and deposition of acidic S compounds. Accordingly, acidic deposition presents an instructive case study for coordinating science and policy efforts aimed at resolving large-scale environmental problems.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0180:ADITNU]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, C.T., Lawrence, G.B., Bulger, A.J., Butler, T., Cronan, C.S., Eagar, C., Lambert, K.F., Likens, G.E., Stoddard, J., and Weathers, K.C., 2001, Acidic deposition in the northeastern United States: Sources and inputs, ecosystem effects, and management strategies: The effects of acidic deposition in the northeastern United States include the acidification of soil and water, which stresses terrestrial and aquatic biota: BioScience, v. 51, no. 3, p. 180-198, https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0180:ADITNU]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0180:aditnu]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"northeastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.884765625,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -67.82958984375,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -67.87353515625,\n 47.12995075666307\n ],\n [\n -68.18115234375,\n 47.41322033016902\n ],\n [\n -68.97216796875,\n 47.18971246448421\n ],\n [\n -69.0380859375,\n 47.487513008956554\n ],\n [\n -69.2138671875,\n 47.502358951968574\n ],\n [\n -70.20263671875,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -70.64208984375,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -71.16943359375,\n 45.19752230305682\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -76.3330078125,\n 44.134913443750726\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -79.07958984375,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -78.90380859375,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -79.87060546875,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -76.53076171875,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -75.25634765625,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 40.6306300839918\n ],\n [\n -72.09228515625,\n 40.730608477796636\n ],\n [\n -69.43359375,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -70.400390625,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n -69.60937499999999,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -66.884765625,\n 44.74673324024678\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e698e4b0c8380cd4750a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bulger, Arthur J.","contributorId":206782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bulger","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, Thomas","contributorId":219625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cronan, C. S.","contributorId":33455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eagar, C.","contributorId":99493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eagar","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lambert, Kathleen Fallon","contributorId":167458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lambert","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"Fallon","affiliations":[{"id":24712,"text":"Harvard Forest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":398055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Likens, Gene E","contributorId":178411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Likens","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stoddard, John L","contributorId":146350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoddard","given":"John L","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":398058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Weathers, Kathleen C.","contributorId":58731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weathers","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70023566,"text":"70023566 - 2001 - Oblique sinistral transpression in the Arabian shield: The timing and kinematics of a Neoproterozoic suture zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023566","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oblique sinistral transpression in the Arabian shield: The timing and kinematics of a Neoproterozoic suture zone","docAbstract":"The Hulayfah-Ad Dafinah-Ruwah fault zone is a belt of highly strained rocks that extends in a broad curve across the northeastern Arabian shield. It is a subvertical shear zone, 5-30 km wide and over 600 km long, and is interpreted as a zone of oblique sinistral transpression that forms the suture between the Afif terrane and the Asir-Jiddah-Hijaz-Hulayfah superterrane. Available data suggest that the terranes began to converge sometime after 720 Ma, were in active contact at about 680 Ma, and were in place, with suturing complete, by 630 Ma, The fault zone was affected by sinistral horizontal and local vertical shear, and simultaneous flattening and fault-zone-parallel extension. Structures include sinistral sense-of-shear indicators, L-S tectonite, and coaxial stretching lineations and fold axes. The stretching lineations switch from subhorizontal to subvertical along the fault zone indicating significant variation in finite strain consistent with an origin by oblique transpression. The sense of shear on the fault zone suggests sinistral trajectories for the converging terranes, although extrapolating the shear sense of the suture zone to infer far-field motion must be done with caution. The amalgamation model derived from the chronologic and structural data for the fault zone modifies an existing model of terrane amalgamation and clarifies the definitions of two deformational events (the Nabitah orogeny and the Najd fault system) that are widely represented in the Arabian shield. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Precambrian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00157-1","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P., and Kattan, F., 2001, Oblique sinistral transpression in the Arabian shield: The timing and kinematics of a Neoproterozoic suture zone: Precambrian Research, v. 107, no. 1-2, p. 117-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00157-1.","startPage":"117","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207362,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00157-1"}],"volume":"107","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a4ee4b0c8380cd740dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, P.R.","contributorId":37332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kattan, F.","contributorId":104250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kattan","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023719,"text":"70023719 - 2001 - Retention of internal anchor tags by juvenile striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70023719","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retention of internal anchor tags by juvenile striped bass","docAbstract":"We marked hatchery-reared striped bass Morone saxatilis (145-265 mm total length) with internal anchor tags and monitored retention for 28 months after stocking in the Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina. Anchor tags (with an 18-mm, T-shaped anchor and 42-mm streamer) were surgically implanted ventrally, and coded wire tags (1 mm long and 0.25 mm in diameter) were placed into the cheek muscle to help identify subsequent recaptures. The estimated probability of retention (SD) of anchor tags was 0.94 (0.05) at 4 months, 0.64 (0.13) at 16 months, and 0.33 (0.19) at 28 months. Of 10 fish recaptured with only coded wire tags, 5 showed an externally visible wound or scar near the point of anchor tag insertion. The incidence of wounds or scars, which we interpreted as evidence of tag shedding, increased to 50% in recaptures taken at 28 months (three of six fish). Our estimates for retention of anchor tags were generally lower than those in other studies of striped bass, possibly because of differences in the style of anchor or sizes of fish used. Because of its low rate of retention, the type of anchor tag we used may not be suitable for long-term assessments of stock enhancement programs that use striped bass of the sizes we evaluated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0656:ROIATB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Van Den Avyle, M., and Wallin, J., 2001, Retention of internal anchor tags by juvenile striped bass: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 656-659, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0656:ROIATB>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"656","endPage":"659","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207309,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0656:ROIATB>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac0ce4b0c8380cd86b14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Den Avyle, M.J.","contributorId":32117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Avyle","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallin, J.E.","contributorId":37502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallin","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022756,"text":"70022756 - 2001 - Chemical and engineering properties of fired bricks containing 50 weight percent of class F fly ash","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-12T14:58:13.760791","indexId":"70022756","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1511,"text":"Energy Sources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and engineering properties of fired bricks containing 50 weight percent of class F fly ash","docAbstract":"

The generation of fly ash during coal combustion represents a considerable solid waste disposal problem in the state of Illinois and nationwide. In fact, the majority of the three million tons of fly ash produced from burning Illinois bituminous coals is disposed of in landfills. The purpose of this study was to obtain a preliminary assessment of the technical feasibility of mitigating this solid waste problem by making fired bricks with the large volume of fly ash generated from burning Illinois coals. Test bricks were produced by the extrusion method with increasing amounts (20-50% by weight) of fly ash as a replacement for conventional raw materials. The chemical characteristics and engineering properties of the test bricks produced with and without 50 wt% of fly ash substitutions were analyzed and compared. The properties of the test bricks containing fly ash were at least comparable to, if not better than, those of standard test bricks made without fly ash and met the commercial specifications for fired bricks. The positive results of this study suggest that further study on test bricks with fly ash substitutions of greater than 50wt% is warranted. Successful results could have an important impact in reducing the waste disposal problem related to class F fly ash while providing the brick industry with a new low cost raw material.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00908310119850","issn":"00908312","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., Patel, V., Laird, C., and Ho, K., 2001, Chemical and engineering properties of fired bricks containing 50 weight percent of class F fly ash: Energy Sources, v. 23, no. 7, p. 665-673, https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310119850.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"665","endPage":"673","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f53fe4b0c8380cd4c131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patel, V.","contributorId":43934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patel","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laird, C.J.","contributorId":80464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laird","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ho, K.K.","contributorId":30768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ho","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023345,"text":"70023345 - 2001 - Biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake: Implications for diatom preservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70023345","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake: Implications for diatom preservation","docAbstract":"Diatom-salinity records from sediment cores have been used to construct climate records of saline-lake basins. In many cases, this has been done without thorough understanding of the preservation potential of the diatoms in the sediments through time. The purpose of this study was to determine the biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake and evaluate the potential effects of silica cycling on diatom preservation. During the period of record, 1867-1999, lake levels have fluctuated from 427 m above sea level in 1940 to 441.1 m above sea level in 1999. The biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake is dominated by internal cycling. During the early 1990s when lake levels were relatively high, about 94% of the biogenic silica (BSi) produced in Devils Lake was recycled in the water column before burial. About 42% of the BSi that was incorporated in bottom sediments was dissolved and diffused back into the lake, and the remaining 58% was buried. Therefore, the BSi accumulation rate was about 3% of the BSi assimilation rate. Generally, the results obtained from this study are similar to those obtained from studies of the biogeochemistry of silica in large oligotrophic lakes and the open ocean where most of the BSi produced is recycled in surface water. During the mid 1960s when lake levels were relatively low, BSi assimilation and water-column dissolution rates were much higher than when lake levels were high. The BSi assimilation rate was as much as three times higher during low lake levels. Even with the much higher BSi assimilation rate, the BSi accumulation rate was about three times lower because the BSi water-column dissolution rate was more than 99% of the BSi assimilation rate compared to 94% during high lake levels. Variations in the biogeochemistry of silica with lake level have important implications for paleolimnologic studies. Increased BSi water-column dissolution during decreasing lake levels may alter the diatom-salinity record by selectively removing the less resistant diatoms. Also, BSi accumulation may be proportional to the amount of silica input from tributary sources. Therefore, BSi accumulation chronologies from sediment cores may be effective records of tributary inflow.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1011143809891","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Lent, R., and Lyons, B., 2001, Biogeochemistry of silica in Devils Lake: Implications for diatom preservation: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 53-66, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011143809891.","startPage":"53","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207533,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011143809891"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f159e4b0c8380cd4abe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lent, R.M.","contributorId":80317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, B.","contributorId":63199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}