The probability of obtaining images of target species may vary across camera models or relative position of cameras at survey locations. Alignment of cameras within paired camera stations (hereafter, stations) could affect species detection due to issues with image exposure. We quantified effects of 3 camera models and alignment (staggered, offset by a perpendicular distance of 4.6 m, and aligned, directly facing one another) on camera performance in a station design. Mean exposure events (flash from one camera overexposes or underexposes pictures) at aligned stations was 3.93 (SE = 1.01; n = 40), whereas no exposure events were documented at staggered (n = 36) stations. Overall frequency of exposure events of mammal images at aligned cameras was 44% (68 exposure events/153 images). On average, 8% (range 0−35%) of mammal images from aligned stations were exposure events. We detected no difference (P = 0.88) in exposure events among paired camera models. Further, we detected no overall differences (P ≥ 0.07) in paired camera performance (i.e., number of mammal images over survey interval) between aligned or staggered stations, though reliability (i.e., percentage of camera stations that lasted entire survey interval) varied (P ≤ 0.001) between model types. Research deploying 2 cameras within a camera station framework can eliminate exposure events by using a staggered camera alignment without affecting the number of usable mammal photos. Rigorous field testing prior to deployment of stations is warranted to optimize reliability. One of our low-cost models performed as well as a more expensive model within our paired camera stations at collecting mammal images, and thus could be incorporated into study designs without compromising quality of camera photo data. We suggest a pilot study before large-scale deployment to evaluate reliability and performance of cameras, particularly when deploying multiple models.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1422","usgsCitation":"Swearingen, T., Klaver, R.W., Anderson, C.R., and Jacques, C., 2023, Influence of camera model and alignment on the performance of paired camera stations: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 47, no. 2, e1422, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1422.","productDescription":"e1422, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117689","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1422","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Alice L. Kibble Field Station","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.43161311292845,\n 40.36213807902013\n ],\n [\n -91.43161311292845,\n 40.359129920123905\n ],\n [\n -91.4282069310208,\n 40.359129920123905\n ],\n [\n -91.4282069310208,\n 40.36213807902013\n ],\n [\n -91.43161311292845,\n 40.36213807902013\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swearingen, Tim","contributorId":348115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swearingen","given":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":49637,"text":"Western Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Charles R. Jr.","contributorId":75042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":922996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacques, Christopher N.","contributorId":348116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacques","given":"Christopher N.","affiliations":[{"id":49637,"text":"Western Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70263283,"text":"70263283 - 2023 - DNA metabarcoding-based evaluation of the diet of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the Mid-Atlantic region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-04T15:05:20.288804","indexId":"70263283","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-10T08:47:50","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"DNA metabarcoding-based evaluation of the diet of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the Mid-Atlantic region","title":"DNA metabarcoding-based evaluation of the diet of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the Mid-Atlantic region","docAbstract":"High-throughput DNA sequencing can generate large genetic datasets in a cost-effective manner. Although the diet of Eptesicus fuscus (Big Brown Bat) has been studied widely in natural and rural systems using visual identification of prey items in feces, our aim was to more completely assess diet using a metabarcoding approach across a wide urban–natural landscape gradient in the mid-Atlantic region. Concordant with our expectations and previous Big Brown Bat diet studies from visual identification, we observed a high abundance of Coleoptera (beetles) relative to other insect orders. Although a possible improvement over visual techniques for studying food habits, we suggest caution in interpreting metabarcoding results in diet studies. We noted observations of environmental or contaminant taxa within these data, and designed a stringent filtering method that we used to eliminate these taxa, but that also removed previously documented prey taxa from our dataset.
","language":"English","publisher":"Humboldt Field Research Institute, Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/045.029.0405","usgsCitation":"Deeley, S., Kang, L., Michalak, P., Hallerman, E.M., and Ford, W., 2023, DNA metabarcoding-based evaluation of the diet of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the Mid-Atlantic region: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 29, no. 4, p. 454-473, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.029.0405.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"454","endPage":"473","ipdsId":"IP-118022","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/115393","text":"External Repository"},{"id":481654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"District of Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.89910740166683,\n 40.06556743427586\n ],\n [\n -79.23992459140656,\n 40.06556743427586\n ],\n [\n -79.23992459140656,\n 38.2923111448047\n ],\n [\n -75.89910740166683,\n 38.2923111448047\n ],\n [\n -75.89910740166683,\n 40.06556743427586\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deeley, Sabrina","contributorId":350500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deeley","given":"Sabrina","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kang, Lin","contributorId":350501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kang","given":"Lin","affiliations":[{"id":83756,"text":"Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michalak, Pawel","contributorId":350502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michalak","given":"Pawel","affiliations":[{"id":83756,"text":"Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hallerman, Eric M.","contributorId":350503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallerman","given":"Eric","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":926151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70239778,"text":"70239778 - 2023 - Burmese pythons in Florida: A synthesis of biology, impacts, and management tools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T15:08:22.533713","indexId":"70239778","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-10T07:02:29","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5071,"text":"NeoBiota","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Burmese pythons in Florida: A synthesis of biology, impacts, and management tools","docAbstract":"Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) are native to southeastern Asia, however, there is an established invasive population inhabiting much of southern Florida throughout the Greater Everglades Ecosystem. Pythons have severely impacted native species and ecosystems in Florida and represent one of the most intractable invasive-species management issues across the globe. The difficulty stems from a unique combination of inaccessible habitat and the cryptic and resilient nature of pythons that thrive in the subtropical environment of southern Florida, rendering them extremely challenging to detect. Here we provide a comprehensive review and synthesis of the science relevant to managing invasive Burmese pythons. We describe existing control tools and review challenges to productive research, identifying key knowledge gaps that would improve future research and decision making for python control.
Coastal marshes are globally important for sequestering carbon, yet sea-level rise and anthropogenic stressors can reduce their capacity as carbon sinks. Marsh restoration can offset a portion of carbon loss through the degradation of natural marshes, but potential differences in the sources and stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) between created and natural marshes may affect their function as a long-term carbon sink. Here, we examine the sources and chemical stability of SOC in natural and created marshes across the Gulf coast of Louisiana, USA. Marshes were examined along an estuarine salinity gradient in a former interdistributary basin of the Mississippi River Delta and in six created marshes across a 32-year chronosequence and a natural reference marsh (n = 6) in the Chenier Plain. Carbon source was assessed using δ13C analysis and chemical stability was determined through an acid hydrolysis digestion that removed labile carbon (LC). Soil δ13C values suggested that the local vegetation dominated SOC in all natural marshes although brackish marshes had a mix of sources and degradation of SOC. Recalcitrant carbon (RC) was 72.2 ± 0.5 % of SOC across fresh, brackish and saline marshes. The depth-averaged RC accumulation rate was almost three times greater than LC accumulation rate, yet both contributed significantly to accretion and long-term SOC accumulation (124–132 g m−2 y−1 in natural marshes). RC and SOC accumulation rate increased with mineral sediment accumulation rate. For the created marshes, SOC became increasingly recalcitrant due to an increase in in-situ plant inputs, but accumulation rates were lower than the natural marshes. Overall, this study illustrates that natural marshes have a large stock of RC from the vegetation while dredge sediment created marshes have no plant-derived carbon initially, which accumulates slowly thereafter. Restoration practices may be improved by preserving and augmenting these deteriorating but carbon-rich natural marshes.
Global demand for safe and sustainable water supplies necessitates a better understanding of contaminant exposures in potential reuse waters. In this study, we compared exposures and load contributions to surface water from the discharge of three reuse waters (wastewater effluent, urban stormwater, and agricultural runoff). Results document substantial and varying organic-chemical contribution to surface water from effluent discharges (e.g., disinfection byproducts [DBP], prescription pharmaceuticals, industrial/household chemicals), urban stormwater (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, nonprescription pharmaceuticals), and agricultural runoff (e.g., pesticides). Excluding DBPs, episodic storm-event organic concentrations and loads from urban stormwater were comparable to and often exceeded those of daily wastewater-effluent discharges. We also assessed if wastewater-effluent irrigation to corn resulted in measurable effects on organic-chemical concentrations in rain-induced agricultural runoff and harvested feedstock. Overall, the target-organic load of 491 g from wastewater-effluent irrigation to the study corn field during the 2019 growing season did not produce substantial dissolved organic-contaminant contributions in subsequent rain-induced runoff events. Out of the 140 detected organics in source wastewater-effluent irrigation, only imidacloprid and estrone had concentrations that resulted in observable differences between rain-induced agricultural runoff from the effluent-irrigated and nonirrigated corn fields. Analyses of pharmaceuticals and per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances in at-harvest corn-plant samples detected two prescription antibiotics, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, at concentrations of 36 and 70 ng/g, respectively, in effluent-irrigated corn-plant samples; no contaminants were detected in noneffluent irrigated corn-plant samples.
Body mass in overwintering waterfowl is an important fitness attribute as it affects winter survival, timing of spring migration, and subsequent reproductive success. Recent research in Europe and the western United States indicates body mass of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) has increased from the late 1960s to early 2000s. The underlying mechanism is currently unknown; however, researchers hypothesize that increases are due to a more benign winter climate, increased food availability through natural and artificial flooding, introgression of wild mallard populations by game-farm mallards, or shifting of wintering distributions northward. Further investigation of factors related to winter mallard body mass increases and whether this phenomenon is occurring in other major flyways could increase understanding of intrinsic and extrinsic variables influencing waterfowl fitness. Here, we analyzed mallard body mass in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley from 1979 to 2021 to determine sources of temporal variation. We measured hunter-harvested mallards from private hunting clubs, public hunting areas, and duck-plucking businesses. Mallard body mass increased by approximately 6% among all age-sex classes from 1979 to 2021. Average mallard mass increased by about 1.5% per decade but varied substantially among years. Within years, body mass was related to rainfall and river gage height; mallards had greater mass after periods of increased rainfall or river flooding, likely due to increased food availability. Mallard body mass had a marginal negative relationship with severe cold weather (derived using a weather severity index [WSI]). While body mass increased after wet periods within years, there was no relationship of mallard body mass with wet vs dry years, low vs high flood years, or hot vs cold years. Additionally, there was no detectable change in rainfall, river discharge, or temperature from 1979 to 2021. This indicates that rainfall and river height may influence mallard body mass within years, but may not be the primary factor responsible for mass increases over time. Our research confirms changes in mallard body mass are widespread and within-season precipitation and flooding account for much of the observed annual variation. Future research investigating specific mechanisms, such as introgression of game-farm mallard DNA and climate change, may clarify their contribution to mallard body mass change over time.
Populations of imperiled Lost River Deltistes luxatus and Shortnose Chasmistes brevirostris suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, are experiencing long-term decreases in abundance due to limited recruitment of juvenile suckers into the adult populations. Researchers use estimated ages based on fin rays to study environmental factors affecting year-class formation, generate annual juvenile sucker survival indices, and study variations in early life history. Biased or imprecise age estimates can lead to erroneous conclusions and have implications for age-based survival estimates, indications of recruitment, and growth estimators. We examined fin rays collected from individual suckers captured on multiple occasions and determined that juvenile suckers deposit a translucent increment on fin rays annually. Size-at-age data for suckers first captured as young as age 0 corroborated our finding of annual increment formation and indicate that the first increments are formed at age 1. We used edge and marginal increment analysis conducted on fin rays to determine the timing of annual increment formation. Our results indicate that increment formation occurs on fin rays of juvenile suckers from October to May and peaks between February and April.
Migration is a critical behavioral strategy necessary for population persistence and ecosystem functioning, but migration routes have been increasingly disrupted by anthropogenic activities, including energy development. Wind energy is the world's fastest growing source of electricity and represents an important alternative to hydrocarbon extraction, but its effects on migratory species beyond birds and bats are not well understood. We evaluated the effects of wind-energy development on pronghorn migration, including behavior and habitat selection, to assess potential effects on connectivity and other functional benefits including stopovers. We monitored GPS-collared female pronghorn from 2010 to 2012 and 2018 to 2020 in south-central Wyoming, USA, an area with multiple wind-energy facilities in various stages of development and operation. Across all time periods, we collected 286 migration sequences from 117 individuals, including 121 spring migrations, 123 fall migrations, and 42 facultative winter migrations. While individuals continued to migrate through wind-energy facilities, pronghorn made important behavioral adjustments relative to turbines during migration. These included avoiding turbines when selecting stopover sites in spring and winter, selecting areas farther from turbines at a small scale in spring and winter, moving more quickly near turbines in spring (although pronghorn moved more slowly near turbines in the fall), and reducing fidelity to migration routes relative to wind turbines under construction in both spring and fall. For example, an increase in distance to turbine from 0 to 1 km translated to a 33% and 300% increase in the relative probability of selection for stopover sites in spring and winter, respectively. The behavioral adjustments pronghorn made relative to wind turbines could reduce the functional benefits of their migration, such as foraging success or the availability of specific routes, over the long term.
Barrier islands are especially vulnerable to hurricanes and other large storms, owing to their mobile composition, low elevations, and detachment from the mainland. Conceptual models of barrier-island evolution emphasize ocean-side processes that drive landward migration through overwash, inlet migration, and aeolian transport. In contrast, we found that the impact of Hurricane Dorian (2019) on North Core Banks, a 36-km barrier island on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, was primarily driven by inundation of the island from Pamlico Sound, as evidenced by storm-surge model results and observations of high-water marks and wrack lines. Analysis of photogrammetry products from aerial imagery collected before and after the storm indicate the loss of about 18% of the subaerial volume of the island through the formation of over 80 erosional washout channels extending from the marsh and washover platform, through gaps in the foredunes, to the shoreline. The washout channels were largely co-located with washover fans deposited by earlier events. Net seaward export of sediment resulted in the formation of deltaic bars offshore of the channels, which became part of the post-storm berm recovery by onshore bar migration and partial filling of the washouts with washover deposits within 2 months. This event represents a volumetric setback in the overwash/rollover behavior required for barrier transgression, but the new ponds and lowland habitats may provide beneficial habit for endangered species and will likely persist for years.
In environments with shallow water tables, vegetation may use groundwater to support transpiration (TG). This process has been carefully studied in some arid climates but rarely in humid climates—even those with severe droughts and seasonal water deficits. As such, the role of TG in humid-catchment hydrology is poorly constrained. We analysed water table fluctuations from nine monitoring wells along three transects in a second-order forested catchment to estimate TG at plot and whole-riparian zone scales. Average TG estimated around all well locations ranged from 1.06 to 4.95 mm d−1 and did not change systematically as a function of distance from stream channel or with plot-scale tree basal area. Counter to some previous studies, we found that TG was greater when the water table depth was deeper. Furthermore, the pattern of TG with water table depth was not monotonic at all locations. The ratio of TG to potential evapotranspiration tended to increase over the growing season, reflecting the progressive decrease in soil moisture storage and a greater reliance by vegetation on groundwater. Due to the lack of consistent spatial patterns in TG, we explored the number of monitoring wells needed to consistently estimate average TG within the 95% confidence bounds of the true mean. Based on this analysis, six or more wells were needed to consistently fall within the 95% confidence interval of the true mean. While this is based on the observed variability at a single site, it provides information for others considering this approach in similar upland forested catchments in humid regions.
Salmonid populations are often regulated by territorial competition among juveniles for food and space. In the canonical view, salmonid territories are spaced horizontally across the river bottom in a 2-D mosaic. However, some juveniles instead feed in tight, three-dimensional (3-D) social groups. To investigate whether territoriality is possible within such groups, we applied a new concept—the momentary home range—to quantify the size, exclusivity, and temporal dynamics of 3-D space use by juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Chena River, Alaska. Individual strategies spanned a broad continuum of exclusivity and stationarity. However, some of the largest, most dominant fish in each group aggressively defended stationary, exclusive feeding spaces and thus were unambiguously territorial. Transient floaters entered and left the group quickly. A majority of fish were not aggressive but nevertheless occupied exclusive, stationary spaces that probably function as territories with regard to resource distribution and population regulation. The presence of territoriality within social groups, in a 3-D configuration, expands the known domain of this important behavior.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2022-0112","collaboration":"University of Alaska","usgsCitation":"Neuswanger, J., Rosenberger, A.E., Wipfli, M.S., and Hughes, N., 2023, Territories within groups: The dynamic competition of drift-feeding juvenile Chinook salmon in 3-dimensional space: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 80, no. 2, p. 346-359, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2022-0112.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"359","ipdsId":"IP-061032","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/126437","text":"External Repository"},{"id":492629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River drainage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.39048772534048,\n 64.90576947483973\n ],\n [\n -160.54480428678525,\n 62.540425134566505\n ],\n [\n -159.71529046821846,\n 62.6377354429621\n ],\n [\n -157.46103246436977,\n 64.09839989907357\n ],\n [\n -152.94431384351387,\n 64.51209871385926\n ],\n [\n -149.2283742553382,\n 64.72024388770518\n ],\n [\n -146.3503942788141,\n 66.39268872070593\n ],\n [\n -143.24517063363527,\n 65.32177261509264\n ],\n [\n -145.2315287118152,\n 67.21969851442549\n ],\n [\n -151.83362895375487,\n 65.70310484628794\n ],\n [\n -159.39048772534048,\n 64.90576947483973\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuswanger, Jason R.","contributorId":358366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neuswanger","given":"Jason R.","affiliations":[{"id":36971,"text":"University of Alaska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, Amanda E. 0000-0002-5520-8349 arosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-8349","contributorId":5581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Amanda","email":"arosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wipfli, M. S.","contributorId":337258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wipfli","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Nicholas F.","contributorId":358369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes","given":"Nicholas F.","affiliations":[{"id":36971,"text":"University of Alaska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70254992,"text":"70254992 - 2023 - A comprehensive multi-state conditional occupancy model for evaluating interactions of non-native and native species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-12T00:28:35.498755","indexId":"70254992","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-09T19:26:54","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3910,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","onlineIssn":"2296-701X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comprehensive multi-state conditional occupancy model for evaluating interactions of non-native and native species","docAbstract":"A major challenge in ecology is disentangling interactions of non-native, potentially invasive species on native species. Conditional two-species occupancy models examine the effects of dominant species (e.g., non-native) on subordinate species (e.g., native) while considering the possibility that occupancy of one species may affect occupancy and/ or detection of the other. Although conditional two-species models are useful for evaluating the influence of one species on presence of another, it is possible that species interactions are density dependent. Therefore, we developed a novel two-species occupancy model that incorporates multiple abundance states (i.e., absent, present, abundant) of the native species. We showcase the utility of this model with a case study that incorporates random effects and covariates on both occupancy and detection to help disentangle species interactions given varying occupancy and detection in different abundance states. We use snorkel survey data from the Umpqua basin, Oregon, where it is hypothesized that smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, a non-native piscivore, exclude Umpqua chub Oregonichthys kalawatseti, a small endemic minnow. From our two-species multi-state (2SMS) model, we concluded that average occupancy was low for both fishes, and that when non-native bass were present, overall native chub occupancy in the present (0.18 ± 0.05 SD) and abundant (0.19 ± 0.03) states was higher than when non-natives were absent (0.14 ± 0.02/ 0.08 ± 0.02), indicating the non-native was not excluding the native species. By incorporating a species interaction factor, we found a positive association (6.75 ± 5.54 SD) between native chub and non-native bass. The covariates strongly related to occupancy were elevation, algae, and land cover type (urban and shrub). Detection probability for both species (0.21–0.82) was most strongly related to the covariates day of year, water temperature, gravel substrate, and stream order/ magnitude. Incorporation of detection probability and covariates enabled interpretation of interactions between the two species that may have been missed without their inclusion in the modeling process. Our new 2SMS occupancy model can be used by scientists and managers with a broad range of survey and covariate data to disentangle species interactions problems to help them inform management decisions.
Rising temperatures in the Arctic and subarctic are driving the rapid thaw of permafrost by reducing permafrost cooling, increasing active layer thickness, and promoting talik formation. In this study, the cyrohydrogeology of a permafrost mound located within the discontinuous permafrost zone near Umiujaq (Nunavik, Québec, Canada) is characterized through the analysis of a dataset covering more than two decades of monitoring. This dataset captures a high degree of interannual variability in air temperature and ground thermal conditions, as well as the formation and closure of a supra-permafrost talik. Data indicate that variable saturation and advective heat transport directly contribute to the expansion and contraction of the talik. Data further indicate the presence of two distinct thermo-hydrologic settings resulting from differences in surface conditions, as well as subsurface thermal and flow regimes. The first, found at the top of the mound feature, is characterized by very low moisture contents (< 0.05 m3/m3), while the second, found at the side of the mound feature, shows higher annual moisture contents that strongly influence the dynamics of heat and groundwater flow. The data were synthesized into a detailed conceptual model of the cyrohydrogeological dynamics that highlights the important role of hydrogeological characterization and long-term datasets in understanding the effects of groundwater flow on seasonal frost and permafrost dynamics. Specifically, the results presented here show that in the absence of long-term datasets, longer-period transient phenomena such as talik opening and closure may be misrepresented as uni-directional feedback loops, as opposed to highly-dynamic temporary phenomena.
Mafic to intermediate shield volcanoes with multi-cubic-kilometer eruptive volumes are common in the Cascades Volcanic Arc, but little is known about their eruptive histories as either singular or sustained episodes, or the total time required for their construction. Paleomagnetic data were collected from the lava flows of Ash Creek Butte (17 sites) and Crater Mountain (14 sites) in northern California; both volcanoes are large shields with total volumes of ∼11 km3 each. Tightly clustered paleomagnetic results at both volcanoes, when coupled with analysis of geomagnetic secular variation, suggest that each edifice was built in only a few centuries, possibly in as little time as 50–90 years, indicating sub-century to century scale eruptive durations for two sizeable regional shield volcanoes within the Cascades Arc. These rapidly built shield volcanoes are substantially larger than typically defined monogenetic volcanoes, yet both are wholly formed within a single ‘episode’ at the limits of temporal resolution. Paleomagnetic methods provide a high-resolution tool that can be applied to understanding the tempo of regional volcanism in arcs.
The leucogranitic crystal-mush pluton beneath the iconic Long Valley Caldera, California, USA, released >820 km3 of crystal-poor Pleistocene rhyolite, which was hosted by numerous Mesozoic granitic plutons, only a few of which had been dated until now. Reported here are U-Pb zircon ages, determined by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe−reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG), for 11 circumcaldera granitoids, all of them either Triassic or Cretaceous. Growth of the 35-km-wide Quaternary rhyolite-leucogranite plutonic reservoir was fostered by collocation of (1) a dense swath of late Pliocene basaltic vents, (2) a left-stepping extensional reentrant in the rangefront fault zone of the Sierra Nevada batholith, and (3) a sharp offset of the Proterozoic continental margin as represented by the Sr-isotope 0.706 line. We further consider whether the basement architecture of as many as 26 separate Triassic and Cretaceous plutons and intervening septa and pendants of Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks influenced siting of the Quaternary pluton and whether the ragged margin of Proterozoic lithosphere helped to focus asthenospheric edge upwelling that intensified crustal melting and intrusion in both the Triassic and the Quaternary.
Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) are endemic to grassland and shrub-steppe ecosystems of western North America, yet their distribution has contracted to <10% of their historical range. Primary threats to Columbian sharp-tailed grouse include loss of native habitat and conversion to agriculture, reductions in habitat once provided by the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), wildfire, and drought conditions, yet population-level consequences of these threats and their spatio-temporal scales of effect are poorly understood. We evaluated multi-scale effects of land cover, weather, and fire histories on patterns of abundance and productivity for Columbian sharp-tailed grouse populations during 1995–2020 in Idaho, USA, using mixed-effects generalized regression and remotely sensed data. We demonstrated negative effects of fire, tree encroachment, and bare ground, positive effects of spring and summer precipitation and cover of shrubs and perennial forbs and grasses, and positive effects of CRP on grouse abundance that changed in magnitude with cover of perennials and shrubs near leks (i.e., strongest effects when average cover of shrubs and perennial forbs and grasses were less abundant). We also demonstrated per capita recruitment of Columbian sharp-tailed grouse is positively associated with late-summer greenness. Our results show that several suspected threats have measurable, population-level impacts to Columbian sharp-tailed grouse within Idaho. Moreover, our results suggest ongoing changes occurring within the core range of Columbian sharp-tailed grouse, including loss of CRP cover to tilled agriculture and changes to wildfire and precipitation dynamics are likely to have negative effects on populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22349","usgsCitation":"Stevens, B., Conway, C.J., Knetter, J.M., Roberts, S.B., and Donnelly, P., 2023, Multi-scale effects of land cover, weather, and fire on Columbian sharp-tailed grouse: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 87, no. 2, e22349, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22349.","productDescription":"e22349, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-134689","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22349","text":"External Repository"},{"id":430206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.11544970540766,\n 44.88004179388898\n ],\n [\n -117.11544970540766,\n 41.929911760957566\n ],\n [\n -111.00053255000122,\n 41.929911760957566\n ],\n [\n -111.00053255000122,\n 44.88004179388898\n ],\n [\n -117.11544970540766,\n 44.88004179388898\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Bryan S.","contributorId":275853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Bryan S.","affiliations":[{"id":39599,"text":"ui","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knetter, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":198067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knetter","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":903726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roberts, Shane B.","contributorId":338986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donnelly, Patrick","contributorId":338987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81227,"text":"Intermountain West Joint Venture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70255148,"text":"70255148 - 2023 - Aerial application of organic pellets eliminates Lake Trout recruitment from a primary spawning reef in Yellowstone Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T11:49:28.654401","indexId":"70255148","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-08T06:37:40","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aerial application of organic pellets eliminates Lake Trout recruitment from a primary spawning reef in Yellowstone Lake","docAbstract":"Invasive Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Yellowstone Lake ecosystem have been gillnetted since 1995 to suppress the population and allow for recovery of native Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri. Although gillnetting is effective (Lake Trout population growth rate λ ≤ 0.6 during 2012–2022), the effort only targets free-swimming, age-2 and older Lake Trout. We developed a complementary suppression method using organic (soy and wheat) pellets to cause Lake Trout embryo mortality and reduce recruitment from spawning areas. The entire Carrington Island spawning reef (0.5 ha) was aerially treated with 3.56 and 3.00 kg/m2 of pellets in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Pellet decomposition caused dissolved oxygen concentrations to decline to lethal levels at 20 cm depth in the substrate, and pellets mostly dissipated from the reef within 12 d. Lake Trout fry trap CPUE was reduced to zero after ice-off each spring after the treatments. Prior to the treatments, 71 fry were captured during 58 trap-nights of effort in 2017–2019. After the treatments, no fry were captured during 273 trap-nights in 2020 and 2021. Lake Trout CPUE in large-mesh gill nets set near Carrington Island in September did not decline during 2017–2021 and fry were again trapped on the reef in spring 2022, suggesting that adults were not deterred from spawning there in the years after the pellet treatments. Complementary methods that increase mortality of prerecruits may allow for a reduction in gill-netting effort and the long-term costs of maintaining Lake Trout population suppression in Yellowstone Lake. Treatment of spawning areas may improve suppression efficiency for Lake Trout and invasive fish populations elsewhere because entire cohorts are targeted while immobile and temporarily concentrated in relatively small areas.
Many migratory bird species have begun shifting their wintering grounds closer to their breeding grounds, shortening their yearly migration distance through a behavior called shortstopping. While multiple studies have investigated possible drivers, it remains unclear why only some populations adopt this behavior.
We studied the differential occurrence of shortstopping in two populations of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana): a remnant population where juveniles migrate with their parents, and a reintroduced population consisting largely of captive-reared birds trained to migrate by unrelated conspecifics or by humans. Shortstopping is widespread in the reintroduced population, while the remnant population has not shown any appreciable northward movement of its overwintering sites. We examined potential drivers for this lack of shortstopping, including a lack of suitable habitat north of their current wintering area or social differences between populations.
Using characteristics of winter locations used by the reintroduced population, we found that 31.4% of the remnant migration corridor was predicted to be suitable for wintering, suggesting that insufficient habitat suitability is not limiting shortstopping behaviour. However, we found evidence for behavioural differences that might explain the absence of shortstopping in the remnant population: while all juveniles of the remnant population associate with their parents during overwintering, juveniles from the reintroduced population did not associate with older conspecifics in 12 out of 25 observed wintering events, suggesting that the social transmission of winter migration behaviours might be less effective in the reintroduced population. Although social learning is generally believed to increase flexibility in migratory strategies, a strong vertical transmission of behaviour might enforce adherence to established traditions and reduce the uptake of novel behaviours such as shortstopping. We suggest that, besides habitat availability, social factors may also play a role in explaining the absence of shortstopping behaviour in some migratory bird populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02365","usgsCitation":"Mendgen, P., Converse, S.J., Pearse, A.T., Teitelbaum, C., and Mueller, T., 2023, Differential shortstopping behaviour in Whooping Cranes: Habitat or social learning?: Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 41, e02365, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02365.","productDescription":"e02365, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139274","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02365","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendgen, Philipp","contributorId":339036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendgen","given":"Philipp","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81238,"text":"Goethe University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teitelbaum, Claire S.","contributorId":339037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teitelbaum","given":"Claire S.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mueller, Thomas","contributorId":339038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":81238,"text":"Goethe University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70239067,"text":"ofr20221106 - 2023 - Simulating post-dam removal effects of hatchery operations and disease on juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) production in the Lower Klamath River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-10T21:11:39.262264","indexId":"ofr20221106","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-06T14:43:17","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-1106","displayTitle":"Simulating Post-Dam Removal Effects of Hatchery Operations and Disease on Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Production in the Lower Klamath River, California","title":"Simulating post-dam removal effects of hatchery operations and disease on juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) production in the Lower Klamath River, California","docAbstract":"The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has been considering the approval to breach four dams on lower Klamath River in southern Oregon and northern California. Approval of this application would allow for Strikeouts indicate text deletion hereafter. decommissioning and dam removal, beginning as early as 2023. This action would affect Klamath River salmon (Oncorhynchus ssp.) populations, a critical food source for federally endangered Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca). In the long run, reintroduction of salmon populations to the upper Klamath River Basin may increase salmon abundance available to Southern Resident Killer Whales, but in the near term, it is uncertain how changes in hatchery management and disease-caused mortality by the myxosporean parasite Ceratonova shasta will influence abundance of salmon populations entering the ocean. To assess this uncertainty, we used the Stream Salmonid Simulator (S3) to simulate population dynamics of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) for nine different population sources that rear and migrate through the Klamath River.
S3 is a spatially explicit population model that runs on a daily time-step and simulates daily growth, survival, and movement of juvenile Chinook salmon from the time of spawning through ocean entry. The key features of this model relevant to this report include (1) a C. shasta disease submodel; (2) a temperature-dependent bioenergetics model that calculates daily growth rates; (3) size-dependent movement; (4) density-dependent dynamics that are influenced by the effect of flow on suitable habitat area; and (5) habitat, river flow, and water temperature specific to each scenario.
We constructed and ran four scenarios: two scenarios for dams in place (Dams In) and dams removed (Dams Out), and given these dam-removal conditions, a low- and high-spore scenario for C. shasta. Each scenario was run for nine water years representing a range of conditions from dry to wet. Previously published daily river flows and water temperatures for Dams In and Dams Out provided physical inputs for each scenario. Daily spore concentrations were simulated using a three-part mechanistic model that used river discharge, water temperature, and the prevalence of infection (POI) of hatchery-origin Chinook salmon juveniles with C. shasta in the previous year3. We constructed two spore scenarios for each Dams In and Dams Out scenario, a “Low Spore” scenario and a “High Spore” scenario resulting in four scenarios for comparison. Spore scenarios were established by setting the prior-year POI of hatchery fish to 0.15 and 0.75 in the estimation of spore concentrations. Hatchery releases under Dams Out differed from those under the current Dams In scenario. Hatchery releases under the Dams Out scenario were modified to emulate changes in hatchery production that would occur under Dams Out conditions. This included moving hatchery production and releases from Iron Gate Dam to a proposed hatchery at Fall Creek, which would be located about 11 kilometers (km) upstream of Iron Gate Dam. It is anticipated that the Fall Creek hatchery would produce fewer fish at smaller and larger sizes at different release timings. For salmon inputs, we used observed historical abundance of main-stem spawners from brood year 2009 and juvenile salmon entering from tributaries in water year 2010, which represented an average return year for the 2005–18 period. Main-stem spawning was allowed to shift upstream from Iron Gate Dam under the Dams Out scenario. We also included hatchery-origin fish as natural spawners that would have otherwise returned to Iron Gate Hatchery in the first 3 years following dam removal.
The S3 model simulated considerably higher total abundance for Dams Out relative to the respective Dams In scenarios, and higher abundance for the Low Spore scenario relative to the High Spore scenario. The difference in abundance between the four combinations of the dam-removal and spore scenarios varied among population groups. For main-stem natural production, juvenile abundance at ocean entry was 2–3 times higher for Dams Out scenarios than for Dams In scenarios, and juvenile abundance for High Spore scenarios was lower than that for the Dams Out Low Spores scenario. For hatchery releases, abundance at ocean entry was similar between Dams In and Dams Out scenarios for most water years, despite lower release sizes from Fall Creek Hatchery under Dams Out. For tributary populations, abundance for the High Spore scenarios was consistently lower than for the Low Spore scenarios, but differences between dam-removal scenarios varied among water years, with Dams Out scenarios having similar or higher abundance than Dams In scenarios, and dry water years having the largest difference between Dams In and Dams Out scenarios.
We determined that different factors affected the response of each population group. For main-stem natural production, survival from fry emergence to ocean entry was higher under Dams Out scenarios compared to Dams In scenarios because juveniles emerged later and tended to arrive at the ocean sooner and at larger sizes, causing the population to have less time-dependent in-river mortality. Owing to their late release timing, hatchery populations had high disease-caused mortality in Dams In and Dams Out High Spore scenarios. Furthermore, a high proportion of infected fish (those that would be expected to die at some future point) survived to the ocean. Iron Gate Hatchery fish had lower survival rates than releases from Fall Creek Hatchery because the last mid-June release group from the 2010 Iron Gate Hatchery release incurred nearly total mortality in most water years owing to water temperatures exceeding 24 degrees Celsius. Our analysis shows how the S3 model was able to track different populations and provide insights on how the differential response of each population combined to influence the simulated number of juvenile Chinook salmon arriving at the Pacific Ocean where they become available as a food source for Southern Resident Killer Whales.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Marine Fisheries Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Plumb, J.M., Dodrill, M.J., Som, N.A., Robinson, H.E., and Hetrick, N.J., 2023, Simulating post-dam removal effects of hatchery operations and disease on juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) production in the Lower Klamath River, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1106, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221106.","productDescription":"vii, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-137471","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1106/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":410983,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1106/images"},{"id":410981,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1106/ofr20221106.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1106"},{"id":499722,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114179.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410984,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1106/ofr20221106.XML"},{"id":410982,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221106/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2022-1106"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lower Klamath River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.36610471757332,\n 40.58470369882767\n ],\n [\n -120.32485220783963,\n 40.58470369882767\n ],\n [\n -120.32485220783963,\n 42.21557817118634\n ],\n [\n -124.36610471757332,\n 42.21557817118634\n ],\n [\n -124.36610471757332,\n 40.58470369882767\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
More than 2 million Californians rely on groundwater from privately owned domestic wells for drinking-water supply. This report summarizes a water-quality survey of domestic and small-system drinking-water supply wells in the Modesto, Turlock, and Merced subbasins of the San Joaquin Valley where more than 78,000 residents are estimated to use privately owned domestic wells. Results indicate that inorganic and organic constituents in groundwater were respectively present above regulatory (maximum contaminant level, MCL) benchmarks for public drinking-water quality in 37 percent and 9 percent of the aquifer area used for domestic drinking-water supplies (herein, “domestic groundwater resources”).
The most prevalent inorganic constituents exceeding regulatory benchmarks were nitrate, uranium, and arsenic. The only organic constituents exceeding regulatory benchmarks were the fumigant constituents 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), but the herbicides atrazine and simazine were detected at low concentrations below one-tenth of regulatory benchmarks in 30 percent of domestic groundwater resources. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and manganese exceeded aesthetic-based (secondary maximum contaminant level [SMCL]) benchmarks for drinking water in 3 percent and 13 percent of domestic groundwater resources, respectively. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were detected in 23 percent of domestic groundwater resources, with 4 percent exceeding California state notification or response levels for specific compounds. Total coliform bacteria were detected in 20 percent of domestic groundwater resources.
Elevated concentrations of nitrate, uranium, TDS, and pesticides (fumigant constituents and herbicides) are related to agricultural land use and were typically present at shallow depths up to 75 meters below land surface. Agriculturally derived constituents were detected in wells screened below the Corcoran Clay Member of the Tulare Formation (herein, “Corcoran Clay”) in the southeastern part of the study area, where the Corcoran Clay tends to be shallower and thinner than in areas to the northwest. Nitrate, uranium, and TDS were most prevalent in the northwest part of the study area proximal to the valley trough where soils are poorly drained and agricultural land uses are predominantly grain, alfalfa, and dairy farms. Pesticides tended to occur in groundwater below coarse-grained surficial deposits and within a northwest to southeast trending band along the eastern extent of the Corcoran Clay that typically demarcates the western extent of well-drained soils associated with perennial orchard crops. Elevated concentrations of arsenic tended to occur west of this band in reducing groundwater but also sometimes co-occurred with elevated nitrate in oxic groundwater, most likely because of geochemical conditions in agriculturally affected groundwater that can enhance the mobility of arsenic from aquifer sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","programNote":"GAMA Program","usgsCitation":"Levy, Z.F., Balkan, M., and Shelton, J.L., 2023, Quality of groundwater used for domestic supply in the Modesto, Turlock, and Merced Subbasins of the San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022-1116, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221116.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-139668","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411493,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96R55KQ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater-quality data in the Modesto-Turlock-Merced Domestic-Supply Aquifer Study Unit, 2020-2021: Results from the California GAMA Priority Basin Project"},{"id":411490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1116/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":411494,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1116/images"},{"id":411491,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1116/ofr20221116.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1116"},{"id":411492,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221116/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2022-1116"},{"id":411495,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1116/ofr20221116.XML"},{"id":499725,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114178.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.79107113798727,\n 38.18457756338151\n ],\n [\n -121.79107113798727,\n 37.036293717738104\n ],\n [\n -119.63866490997714,\n 37.036293717738104\n ],\n [\n -119.63866490997714,\n 38.18457756338151\n ],\n [\n -121.79107113798727,\n 38.18457756338151\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"GAMA Project Chief
U.S. Geological Survey
California Water Science Center
6000 J Street
Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819
Telephone number: (916) 278-3000
GAMA Program Unit Chief State Water Resources Control Board Division of Water Quality
PO Box 2231
Sacramento, CA 95812
Telephone number: (916) 341-5855
Models that assess the vulnerability of freshwater species to shifting environmental conditions do not always account for short-duration extremes, which are increasingly common. Life cycle models for Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) generally focus on average conditions that fish experience during each life stage, yet many floods, low flows, and elevated water temperatures only last days to weeks. We developed a process-based life cycle model that links coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) abundance to daily streamflow and thermal regimes to assess: (1) “How does salmon abundance respond to short-duration floods, low flows, and high temperatures in glacier-, snow-, and rain-fed streams?” and (2) “How does the temporal resolution of flow and temperature data influence these responses?”. Our simulations indicate that short-duration extremes can reduce salmon abundance in some contexts. However, after daily flow and temperature data were aggregated into weekly and monthly averages, the impact of extreme events on populations declined. Our analysis demonstrates that novel modeling frameworks that capture daily variability in flow and temperature are needed to examine impacts of extreme events on Pacific salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2022-0129","usgsCitation":"Bellmore, J.R., Sergeant, C.J., Bellmore, R.A., Falke, J.A., and Fellman, J.B., 2023, Modeling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) population response to streamflow and water temperature extremes, v. 80, no. 2, p. 243-260, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2022-0129.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"260","ipdsId":"IP-141126","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11122/14923","text":"External Repository"},{"id":485214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellmore, J. Ryan","contributorId":104790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellmore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":934959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sergeant, Christopher J.","contributorId":140496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sergeant","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":934960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bellmore, Rebecca A.","contributorId":275276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellmore","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39693,"text":"Southeast Alaska Watershed Coalition","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":934961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falke, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-6670-8250 jfalke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8250","contributorId":5195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jfalke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":934962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fellman, Jason B.","contributorId":198741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fellman","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":934963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70255008,"text":"70255008 - 2023 - Vertical transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-11T15:33:42.698524","indexId":"70255008","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-06T10:23:46","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Vertical transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii)","title":"Vertical transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii)","docAbstract":"Vertical transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum has been well-documented in anadromous salmonids but not in hatchery-reared inland trout. We assessed whether the bacterium is vertically transmitted in cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) from a Colorado, USA hatchery, and assessed the rate of transmission from male and female brood fish. Adult brood fish were killed, tested for R. salmoninarum in kidney, liver, spleen, ovarian fluid, blood and mucus samples, then stripped of gametes to create 32 families with four infection treatments (MNFN, MNFP, MPFN, MPFP; M: male, F: female, P: positive, N: negative). Progeny from each treatment was sampled at 6 and 12 months to test for the presence of R. salmoninarum with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our study indicated that vertical transmission was high and occurred among 60% of families across all infection treatments. However, the average proportion of infected progeny from individual families was low, ranging from 1% (MNFP, MPFN and MPFP treatments) up to 21% (MPFP treatment). Hatcheries rearing inland salmonids would be well suited to limit vertical transmission through practices such as lethal culling because any amount of transmission can perpetuate the infection throughout fish on a hatchery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfd.13745","usgsCitation":"Riepe, T., Fetherman, E.R., Neuschwanger, B., Davis, T., Perkins, A., and Winkelman, D.L., 2023, Vertical transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii): Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 46, no. 4, p. 309-319, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13745.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"319","ipdsId":"IP-143842","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13745","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":429881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riepe, Tawni B.","contributorId":288699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riepe","given":"Tawni B.","affiliations":[{"id":13606,"text":"CSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fetherman, Eric R.","contributorId":15096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fetherman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":903071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neuschwanger, Brad","contributorId":338319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neuschwanger","given":"Brad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":903135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Tracy","contributorId":338320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Tracy","affiliations":[{"id":16861,"text":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perkins, Andrew","contributorId":338321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":39887,"text":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winkelman, Dana L. 0000-0002-5247-0114 danaw@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-0114","contributorId":4141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkelman","given":"Dana","email":"danaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70240343,"text":"70240343 - 2023 - Skinks of Oceania, New Guinea, and Eastern Wallacea: An underexplored biodiversity hotspot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-04T16:56:24.898446","indexId":"70240343","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-06T09:36:30","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2984,"text":"Pacific Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Skinks of Oceania, New Guinea, and Eastern Wallacea: An underexplored biodiversity hotspot","docAbstract":"Context: Skinks comprise the dominant component of the terrestrial vertebrate fauna in Oceania, New Guinea, and Eastern Wallacea (ONGEW). However, knowledge of their diversity is incomplete, and their conservation needs are poorly understood.
Aims: To explore the diversity and threat status of the skinks of ONGEW and identify knowledge gaps and conservation needs.
Methods: We compiled a list of all skink species occurring in the region and their threat categories designated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We used available genetic sequences deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s GenBank to generate a phylogeny of the region’s skinks. We then assessed their diversity within geographical sub-divisions and compared to other reptile taxa in the region.
Key results: Approximately 300 species of skinks occur in ONGEW, making it the second largest global hotspot of skink diversity following Australia. Many phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved, and many species and genera are in need of taxonomic revision. One in five species are threatened with extinction, a higher proportion than almost all reptile families in the region.
Conclusions: ONGEW contain a large proportion of global skink diversity on <1% of the Earth’s landmass. Many are endemic and face risks such as habitat loss and invasive predators. Yet, little is known about them, and many species require taxonomic revision and threat level re-assessment.
Implications: The skinks of ONGEW are a diverse yet underexplored group of terrestrial vertebrates, with many species likely facing extreme risks in the near future. Further research is needed to understand the threats they face and how to protect them.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/PC22034","usgsCitation":"Slavenko, A., Allison, A., Austin, C.C., Bauer, A., Brown, R.M., Fisher, R., Ineich, I., Iova, B., Karin, B.R., Kraus, F., Mecke, S., Meiri, S., Morrison, C., Oliver, P., O'Shea, M., Richmond, J.Q., Shea, G.M., Tallowin, O.J., and Chapple, D.G., 2023, Skinks of Oceania, New Guinea, and Eastern Wallacea: An underexplored biodiversity hotspot: Pacific Conservation Biology, v. 29, p. 526-543, https://doi.org/10.1071/PC22034.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"543","ipdsId":"IP-147217","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444930,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/pc22034","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":412739,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Oceania, New Guinea, and Eastern Wallacea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n -7.258868636963612\n ],\n [\n -110.62943188659182,\n -7.969226261035985\n ],\n [\n -113.22166908750683,\n 16.542314067942627\n ],\n [\n -126.00902556736253,\n 21.14164017714512\n ],\n [\n -149.86589904335716,\n 19.973696776372265\n ],\n [\n -172.16168385988232,\n 17.362016475632487\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 15.407320140165368\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n -7.40430790645226\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n -7.258868636963612\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.9,\n 15.307692776830379\n ],\n [\n 139.2687916748988,\n 29.72638455794815\n ],\n [\n 130.08041495084296,\n 14.572543374866086\n ],\n [\n 123.76766832139583,\n 2.6014468652918907\n ],\n [\n 118.9590414791287,\n -0.47698714551944477\n ],\n [\n 118.17975812540845,\n -6.290366659325073\n ],\n [\n 133.3333060219079,\n -10.428259983725283\n ],\n [\n 148.1647481102799,\n -11.431072803360223\n ],\n [\n 167.84414960879064,\n -10.9295965395102\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n -8.16565061328268\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 15.197489309217431\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 15.307692776830379\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slavenko, Alex","contributorId":291713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slavenko","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allison, Allen","contributorId":176953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"Allen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Austin, Christopher C.","contributorId":216471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Austin","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":39449,"text":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Aaron","contributorId":139399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauer","given":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":12766,"text":"Villanova University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Rafe M.","contributorId":291661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Rafe","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ineich, Ivan","contributorId":291686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ineich","given":"Ivan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Iova, Bulisa","contributorId":302103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iova","given":"Bulisa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65412,"text":"Papua New Guinea National Museum and Art Gallery","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Karin, Benjamin R.","contributorId":216475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karin","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13243,"text":"University of California Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kraus, Frederick","contributorId":175369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraus","given":"Frederick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mecke, Sven","contributorId":291694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mecke","given":"Sven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Meiri, Shai","contributorId":291733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meiri","given":"Shai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Morrison, Clare","contributorId":302105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"Clare","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65415,"text":"Griffith University. Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Oliver, Paul M.","contributorId":292798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliver","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":63014,"text":"Griffith University, Queensland, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"O'Shea, Mark","contributorId":302104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Shea","given":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":65414,"text":"University of Wolverhampton, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Shea, Glenn M.","contributorId":291711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shea","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tallowin, Oliver J. S.","contributorId":291716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tallowin","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Chapple, David G.","contributorId":291648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapple","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":27278,"text":"Monash University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70246796,"text":"70246796 - 2023 - Out of the frying pan and into the fire: Effects of volcanic heat and other stressors on the conservation of a critically endangered plant in Hawaiʻi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-19T13:36:39.868035","indexId":"70246796","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-06T08:34:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1531,"text":"Environmental Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Out of the frying pan and into the fire: Effects of volcanic heat and other stressors on the conservation of a critically endangered plant in Hawaiʻi","docAbstract":"Loss of local biodiversity resulting from abrupt environmental change is a significant environmental problem throughout the world. Extinctions of plants are particularly important yet are often overlooked. Drawing from a case in Hawai‘i, a global hotspot for plant and other extinctions, we demonstrate an effort to better understand and determine priorities for the management of an endangered plant (‘Ihi makole or Portulaca sclerocarpa) in the face of rapid and extreme environmental change. Volcanic heat emissions and biological invasions have anecdotally been suggested as possible threats to the species. We integrated P. sclerocarpa outplanting with efforts to collect geological and ecological data to gauge the role of elevated soil temperatures and invasive grasses in driving P. sclerocarpa mortality and population decline. We measured soil temperature, soil depth, surrounding cover and P. sclerocarpa survivorship over three decades. The abundance of wild P. sclerocarpa decreased by 99.7% from the 1990s to 2021. Only 51% of outplantings persisted through 3–4 years. Binomial regression and structural equation modelling revealed that, among the variables we analysed, high soil temperatures were most strongly associated with population decline. Finding the niche where soil temperatures are low enough to allow P. sclerocarpa survival but high enough to limit other agents of P. sclerocarpa mortality may be necessary to increase population growth of this species.
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