A 1,200-foot deep well in southwestern Nassau County, Long Island, N.Y. was selected to evaluate the application of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging tool. Technological advances in NMR borehole systems have allowed for reduced probe length and diameter, and focused measurement at specific diameters beyond the disturbed zone surrounding a well. This 3-inch-diameter NMR tool was specifically developed for use in deep 4-inch-diameter polyvinyl chloride cased wells common to Long Island. Selected intervals of the Magothy and Lloyd aquifers and the Raritan confining unit were logged for the evaluation.
Unlike other petrophysical logs that respond to the rock matrix and fluid properties and are strongly dependent on mineralogy, NMR logs respond to the presence of hydrogen protons in the formation fluid to determine water fraction and pore-size distribution. NMR log analysis provided estimates of the clay-bound, capillary-bound, and mobile water fraction and hydraulic conductivity of aquifers and confining units penetrated by the well. NMR-estimated porosity and mobile water fraction for the Magothy aquifer (0.34 and 0.22 respectively), Magothy/Raritan(?) (0.35 and 0.30), Raritan confining unit (0.30 and 0.13), Raritan clay and silt (0.23 and 0.01), and the Lloyd aquifer (0.27 and 0.19) was determined from the NMR log.
Hydraulic conductivity was estimated from the NMR-log data using the Schlumberger- Doll Research and sum of squared echoes equations with empirically derived constants for unconsolidated aquifers. Average hydraulic conductivity of the Magothy aquifer was 70 ft/d, the Raritan confining unit was 9.0 ft/d overall, the clay-rich lower part 0.24 ft/d, and the Lloyd aquifer was 56 ft/d. The coarse sandy Magothy/Raritan(?) unit between the Magothy aquifer and the top of the Raritan confining unit had the highest hydraulic conductivity of 345 ft/d. The hydraulic-conductivity estimates from the NMR log analysis for the Magothy and Lloyd aquifers were consistent with published values and that estimated for the Lloyd aquifer from a specific-capacity test at the well site.
","conferenceTitle":"29th Conference on Geology of Long Island and Metropolitan New York","conferenceDate":"April 9, 2022","language":"English","publisher":"Long Island Geologists","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., and Williams, J., 2022, Nuclear magnetic resonance logging of a deep test well for estimation of aquifer and confining-unit hydraulic properties, Long Island, New York, 29th Conference on Geology of Long Island and Metropolitan New York, v. 29, April 9, 2022, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-138611","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":426031,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/geosciences/about/_LIG-Past-Conferences/2022Conference.php","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.695,\n 40.65\n ],\n [\n -73.695,\n 40.64\n ],\n [\n -73.685,\n 40.64\n ],\n [\n -73.685,\n 40.65\n ],\n [\n -73.695,\n 40.65\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, John 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70235860,"text":"70235860 - 2022 - Environmental geochemistry of an epigenetic Pb-Zn-Ag deposit at the abandoned Cecilia mine, Puno region, Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T16:58:58.60074","indexId":"70235860","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-31T10:32:03","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Environmental geochemistry of an epigenetic Pb-Zn-Ag deposit at the abandoned Cecilia mine, Puno region, Peru","docAbstract":"The abandoned Cecilia Pb-Zn-Ag mine is located at the headwaters of the Lake Titicaca watershed in the Altiplano of Peru. The site is characterized by three months of high precipitation and nine months of limited precipitation. The environmental geochemical characterization of the abandoned mine was done to evaluate environmental risks at the site from mine wastes and mine drainage, and their potential for downstream impacts on water quality in Lake Titicaca.
The approach included sampling of mine waste, water, and sediment. Composite mine waste samples were collected from six main piles (four tailings, two waste rock). The surface water was collected from (1) drainage from mine portals; (2) the Cecilia and Crucero rivers upstream of mine influences; (3) the impacted reach of the Cecilia River down to its confluence with the Crucero River; and (4) the Crucero River, which receives drainage from the Cecilia River. Sampling in the dry season did not identify seeps from the waste rock or tailings piles.
This study documents the capacity of the site to generate acid mine drainage from the mine waste and underground workings. Mine waste has elevated concentrations of As (up to 883 mg/kg), Cu (up to 20,106 mg/kg), Pb (up to 16,716 mg/kg), and Zn (up to 11,937 mg/kg). Results for dissolved concentrations from leaching experiments on mine waste samples showed high leachability for As (0.001 to 0.95 mg/L), Cu (0.01 to 57.34 mg/L), Cd (0.001 to 1.13 mg/L), Fe (0.42 to 785 mg/L), Zn (0.01 to 91 mg/L), and Mn (0.05 to 279 mg/L) with an acidic pH (2.5 to 6.0). Water chemistry at the site varied on the basis of water type. The Cecilia and Crucero rivers had neutral pH and low concentrations of metals upstream of mine influences. In contrast, samples collected at the mine portal were highly acidic (pH 1.4 to 3.7) with high dissolved concentrations of Fe (up to 4,720 mg/L), Al (up to 400 mg/L), sulfate (up to 19,428 mg/L), As (up to 5.92 mg/L), Cd (up to 9.84 mg/L), Cu (up to 1.56 mg/L), Pb (up to 1.95 mg/L), and Zn (up to 4,065 mg/L), causing an increase in metal concentrations in the river downstream after mixing. Carbonate rocks in the watershed produce alkaline waters that neutralize acid drainage prior to its confluence with the Crucero River. Proposed remediation methods include capping mine waste to limit contact with rainwater and passive treatment of mine portal drainage.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 12th international conference on acid rock drainage","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"12th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD)","conferenceDate":"September 18-24, 2022","language":"English","publisher":"University of Queensland","usgsCitation":"Palomino, S., Seal,, R., Garcia, F., Ochoa, M., Machaca, D., Condorhuaman, A., and Valencia, M., 2022, Environmental geochemistry of an epigenetic Pb-Zn-Ag deposit at the abandoned Cecilia mine, Puno region, Peru, in Proceedings of the 12th international conference on acid rock drainage, September 18-24, 2022, p. 126-137.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"137","ipdsId":"IP-140549","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":425877,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://smi.uq.edu.au/conferences/international-conference-acid-rock-drainage-2022#"}],"country":"Peru","otherGeospatial":"Cecilia mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.86739066896408,\n -14.47810004873395\n ],\n [\n -69.86739066896408,\n -14.518553485612628\n ],\n [\n -69.8006182214147,\n -14.518553485612628\n ],\n [\n -69.8006182214147,\n -14.47810004873395\n ],\n [\n -69.86739066896408,\n -14.47810004873395\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palomino, S.","contributorId":295480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palomino","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63892,"text":"Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":849540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, F.","contributorId":334298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ochoa, M.","contributorId":334299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ochoa","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":895246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Machaca, D.","contributorId":334300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Machaca","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Condorhuaman, A.","contributorId":295482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Condorhuaman","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63892,"text":"Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":849544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Valencia, M.","contributorId":334301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valencia","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":895247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70240292,"text":"70240292 - 2022 - A review of Arctomecon californica (Papaveraceae) with a focus on the species’ potential for propagation and reintroduction and conservation needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-03T16:39:51.748313","indexId":"70240292","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-31T10:22:13","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2785,"text":"Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A review of Arctomecon californica (Papaveraceae) with a focus on the species’ potential for propagation and reintroduction and conservation needs","title":"A review of Arctomecon californica (Papaveraceae) with a focus on the species’ potential for propagation and reintroduction and conservation needs","docAbstract":"Las Vegas bearpoppy (Arctomecon californica) occurrences have fluctuated during the past several decades, in part due to interannual variability in rainfall that influences recruitment and mortality events; yet, development in the Las Vegas Valley continues to threaten habitat supporting this species. Arctomecon californica was petitioned for listing under the Endangered Species Act in 2019 and is currently under review to determine whether listing is warranted (USFWS 2020). This review updates species information for A. californica and includes recent insights into the species' seed ecology, habitat requirements and suitability models, propagation and reintroduction, and pollinator biology. We include information from the past 20 years in these areas that supplement conservation and restoration actions for the species. We also identify topics with scarce information and highlight areas for future study, including the following: preservation of genetic diversity through germplasm collections, identification of mechanisms driving the species' soil endemism, maintenance of A. californica–pollinator relationships through understanding pollinator habitat, determination of the viable seed fraction and its longevity in the soil seed reserves, and prediction of population response to regional climate change based on demographic modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/042.014.0101","usgsCitation":"Stosich, A., DeFalco, L., and Scoles-Sciulla, S.J., 2022, A review of Arctomecon californica (Papaveraceae) with a focus on the species’ potential for propagation and reintroduction and conservation needs: Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.3398/042.014.0101.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-140238","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3398/042.014.0101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":412688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada","county":"Clark County, Mohave 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Alexander 0000-0002-4403-1090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-1090","contributorId":301994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stosich","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeFalco, Lesley A. 0000-0002-7542-9261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-9261","contributorId":208658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"Lesley A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scoles-Sciulla, Sara J. 0000-0003-1693-5030 sscoles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1693-5030","contributorId":2614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoles-Sciulla","given":"Sara","email":"sscoles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70241106,"text":"70241106 - 2022 - Utilization of genetic data to inform native Brook Trout conservation in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T10:56:52.942477","indexId":"70241106","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-31T09:25:06","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Utilization of genetic data to inform native Brook Trout conservation in North Carolina","docAbstract":"As North Carolina’s only native salmonid, Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis is a fish of considerable ecological and cultural significance in the state, but anthropogenic alterations to the landscape and introductions of nonnative salmonids have fragmented and reduced its native range. As a result, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) has enacted numerous efforts to help conserve the species. Annual demographic surveys of self-sustaining Brook Trout populations have been on-going since 1978, which have also included successful efforts to document previously unidentified populations. Beginning in earnest during the 1990s, allozyme testing was used to assess patterns of hatchery introgression, with over 480 collections genotyped at the creatine kinase locus. In 2010, the NCWRC began using microsatellite markers to conduct an extensive survey of Brook Trout genetic diversity and variation. To date, 541 Brook Trout collections representing 11,090 individuals have been genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci. These data have provided insights into evolutionary relationships among populations, spatial patterns of genetic diversity, and the extent of hatchery introgression within populations. Ultimately, increased understanding of genetic diversity and relatedness have been informative for determining that Brook Trout management in North Carolina is likely best enacted at the level of individual populations. Moreover, we have used these data to actively guide stream restoration and population reintroduction activities. Over the last 15 years, NCWRC and its partners have used genetic data to prioritize habitat enhancement activities and guide 17 Brook Trout population reintroduction projects. In the future, we plan to continue expanding the microsatellite genetic baseline while also exploring the utility of phylogenomic analyses to inform Brook Trout conservation activities. Genetic and genomic approaches have great potential to improve the efficacy of conservation actions for Brook Trout in North Carolina and throughout its native range.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Wild Trout XIII","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Wild Trout XIII","conferenceDate":"September 27-30, 2022","conferenceLocation":"West Yellowstone, MT","language":"English","publisher":"Wild Trout Symposium","usgsCitation":"Rash, J., Kazyak, D., White, S.L., and Lubinski, B.A., 2022, Utilization of genetic data to inform native Brook Trout conservation in North Carolina, in Proceedings of Wild Trout XIII, West Yellowstone, MT, September 27-30, 2022, p. 158-163.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-143335","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413954,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildtroutsymposium.com/proceedings.php","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":413955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.04921892394643,\n 35.16380575406262\n ],\n [\n -80.26699801469118,\n 36.54940722798543\n ],\n [\n -81.72273121506292,\n 36.60331819137433\n ],\n [\n -82.20159275018115,\n 36.10046486828409\n ],\n [\n -82.88139191858609,\n 35.905982228760394\n ],\n [\n -83.58707291840865,\n 35.49691451561709\n ],\n [\n -84.00314930521716,\n 35.43636411766791\n ],\n [\n -84.19291110790027,\n 35.20050466686614\n ],\n [\n -84.40371695037375,\n 34.915348088734206\n ],\n [\n -83.13188407946514,\n 34.95778267269911\n ],\n [\n -82.04921892394643,\n 35.16380575406262\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rash, Jacob","contributorId":202482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rash","given":"Jacob","affiliations":[{"id":36454,"text":"North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":866100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kazyak, David C. 0000-0001-9860-4045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-4045","contributorId":202481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kazyak","given":"David C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Shannon L. 0000-0003-4687-6596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-6596","contributorId":263424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lubinski, Barbara A. 0000-0003-3568-2569","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2569","contributorId":202483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubinski","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70242769,"text":"70242769 - 2022 - Effect of repeated fire on annual brome invasion at Badlands National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T15:12:34.730234","indexId":"70242769","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-31T09:09:10","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7577,"text":"Annual Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Effect of repeated fire on annual brome invasion at Badlands National Park","docAbstract":"Prescribed fire is used to combat exotic plant species in mixed-grass prairie of Northern Great Plains parks. However, prescribed fires rarely occur at a frequency likely to maintain any gains against exotic species. The unusual circumstance of experimental plots being burned twice in 2 years provides a unique opportunity to investigate the effect of more frequent fire on invasive annual brome grasses. I established 40 plots on Sheep Mountain Table at Badlands National Park in 2015 to examine the relative effectiveness of prescribed fire alone or in combination with imazapic (an herbicide) application or with native seeding. Ten of the 40 plots were controls, with no experimental treatment; the remainder were burned with a prescribed fire in November 2016, and the herbicide and seeding treatments were applied soon thereafter to 10 plots each. In the 2018 growing season, annual brome abundance remained lower in the burned plots than in the controls, but monitoring by the National Park Service’s Northern Great Plains Fire Effects programs suggests that, by 5 years (or perhaps earlier) following a prescribed fire, annual brome abundance will return to its pre-fire level. Repeated fires may prevent this return if they sufficiently reduce the annual brome seedbank or produce conditions less conducive to annual brome growth (reduced litter layer or increased competition, for example). All plots in this experiment burned as part of a larger prescribed fire in fall 2018. This extension of the original study measures plant community composition (to species level) in the experimental plots (original control and burn only) after the 2018 prescribed fire; this report provides the results from the fourth growing season after that fire.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Symstad, A., 2022, Effect of repeated fire on annual brome invasion at Badlands National Park: Annual Report, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152069","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415837,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/RPRS/IAR/Profile/573315"},{"id":426320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Badlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.9816413781004,\n 43.81545397317089\n ],\n [\n -102.10404473861178,\n 43.820721999747335\n ],\n [\n -102.18038072914308,\n 43.900094036554435\n ],\n [\n -102.43056276472474,\n 43.93869274314153\n ],\n [\n -102.46588237645057,\n 43.87808438644481\n ],\n [\n -102.46227631796151,\n 43.81240136470154\n ],\n [\n -102.52583495138943,\n 43.76271118438757\n ],\n [\n -102.61056188331933,\n 43.745312984118215\n ],\n [\n -102.61512488487168,\n 43.697319743127245\n ],\n [\n -102.79687064513114,\n 43.69924298806647\n ],\n [\n -102.80984003809536,\n 43.66341493167664\n ],\n [\n -102.90154396748794,\n 43.662470844462945\n ],\n [\n -102.91146582849841,\n 43.47194100980886\n ],\n [\n -102.80317094893881,\n 43.47397686938032\n ],\n [\n -102.71249040143672,\n 43.53766576763433\n ],\n [\n -102.60922465539478,\n 43.48525504065212\n ],\n [\n -102.55509069073659,\n 43.49459163360207\n ],\n [\n -102.49109164390808,\n 43.49135456209459\n ],\n [\n -102.40294493885204,\n 43.47379006618429\n ],\n [\n -102.3098505724263,\n 43.465209713416414\n ],\n [\n -102.27255837742683,\n 43.48077466407841\n ],\n [\n -102.25880034575657,\n 43.582995671627835\n ],\n [\n -102.35279341761728,\n 43.577534191075756\n ],\n [\n -102.44677360300271,\n 43.541331165393316\n ],\n [\n -102.54267701175816,\n 43.56638417465828\n ],\n [\n -102.58354318324504,\n 43.60646020158184\n ],\n [\n -102.53234630194093,\n 43.63244149516539\n ],\n [\n -102.49724178055375,\n 43.716432342349705\n ],\n [\n -102.34297147119695,\n 43.748511777562356\n ],\n [\n -102.2746784068271,\n 43.781173073417534\n ],\n [\n -102.25598001505656,\n 43.80871222310375\n ],\n [\n -102.08569317423665,\n 43.7448827308326\n ],\n [\n -101.86229425624181,\n 43.732224058910504\n ],\n [\n -101.87763233485761,\n 43.800704970828534\n ],\n [\n -101.9816413781004,\n 43.81545397317089\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symstad, Amy 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":201095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70239166,"text":"ofr20221118 - 2022 - Characterization of subsurface conditions and recharge at the irrigated four-plex baseball field, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California, 2018–20","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-10T21:20:37.248913","indexId":"ofr20221118","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-30T13:25:58","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-1118","displayTitle":"Characterization of Subsurface Conditions and Recharge at the Irrigated Four-Plex Baseball Field, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California, 2018-20","title":"Characterization of subsurface conditions and recharge at the irrigated four-plex baseball field, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California, 2018–20","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey performed subsurface and geophysical site characterization of the irrigated four-plex baseball field in the Langford Valley–Irwin Groundwater Subbasin, as part of a research study in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Agricultural Research Service, and the Fort Irwin National Training Center, California. To help meet future demands, the Fort Irwin National Training Center is evaluating the efficacy of gravity-fed drywells to enhance storm-water recharge into the Langford Valley–Irwin Groundwater Subbasin by bypassing fine-grained, less permeable deposits between land surface and the water table. The amount, rate, and location of recharge beneath an irrigated baseball field in the groundwater basin at the Fort Irwin National Training Center is not well understood, so data were collected using physical and geophysical techniques to characterize subsurface materials, geologic controls, and the vertical movement of water through the unsaturated zone to the water table near the drywell at the Fort Irwin National Training Center. Based on the data collected and interpreted from these techniques, several fine-grained deposits were identified. Although these deposits appear to impede the downward movement of water through the unsaturated zone locally, they are not laterally continuous, and water appears to continue to move downward when it reaches the edges of the deposits. These data will help managers evaluate recharge at the site and determine if the use of gravity-fed drywells enhances recharge from surface runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221118","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","programNote":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Densmore, J.N., Dick, M.C., Groover, K.D., Ely, C.P., and Brown, A., 2022, Characterization of subsurface conditions and recharge at the irrigated four-plex baseball field, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California, 2018–20: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2022-1118, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221118","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-129107","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499727,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114180.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":411259,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1118/ofr20221118.XML"},{"id":411257,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1118/images"},{"id":411255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1118/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":411256,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1118/ofr20221118.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Fort Irwin","otherGeospatial":"Fort Irwin National Training Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.69261791592291,\n 35.26487666931442\n ],\n [\n -116.69251062756216,\n 35.26470146901906\n ],\n [\n -116.69238188152951,\n 35.26459634865991\n ],\n [\n -116.69212438946424,\n 35.264447427917574\n ],\n [\n -116.69163086300526,\n 35.264359827352905\n ],\n [\n -116.69129826908738,\n 35.26422842632836\n ],\n [\n -116.69092275982544,\n 35.263983143846076\n ],\n [\n -116.68835856800732,\n 35.2661468601287\n ],\n [\n -116.6903755891864,\n 35.26772362102348\n ],\n [\n -116.69260718708664,\n 35.265822744364684\n ],\n [\n -116.69281103497185,\n 35.265752665110384\n ],\n [\n -116.69268228893922,\n 35.26531466839623\n ],\n [\n -116.69261791592291,\n 35.26487666931442\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/ca-water/
Contact Pubs Warehouse
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are at the center of state and national land use policies largely because of their unique life-history traits as an ecological indicator for health of sagebrush ecosystems. This updated population trend analysis provides state and federal land and wildlife managers with best-available science to help guide current management and conservation plans aimed at benefitting sage-grouse populations. This analysis relied on previously published population trend modeling methodology from Coates and others (2021) and includes the addition of three analytical updates: (1) identification of population nadirs (lowest points within cycles) at the lek (breeding ground) and neighborhood cluster (group of leks) spatial scales, (2) truncation of prior distributions on rate of change in apparent abundance values to more realistic boundaries for leks with missing data, and (3) addition of 2 years of population lek count data (2020 and 2021) to the current dataset (1953–2021). Bayesian state-space models estimated 2.9 percent average annual decline in sage-grouse populations across their geographical range, which varied among subpopulations at the largest scale of analysis, termed climate clusters (2.2–4.6). Cumulative declines were 42.5, 65.6, and 80.1 percent range-wide across short (19 years), medium (35 years), and long (55 years) temporal periods, respectively. These results indicate that range-wide populations continued to decline during 2020 and 2021, although two climate clusters (eastern area and Bi-State area) have shown growth in population abundance in recent years, indicating they have surpassed a recent population abundance nadir.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1165","issn":"2771-9448","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and the Bureau of Land Management","programNote":"Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Prochazka, B.G., Aldridge, C.L., O'Donnell, M.S., Edmunds, D.R., Monroe, A.P., Hanser, S.E., Wiechman, L.A., and Chenaille, M.P., 2022, Range-wide population trend analysis for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus)—Updated 1960–2021: Data Report 1165, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1165.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 16 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-144163","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411225,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OQWGIV","text":"U.S. Geological Survey data release","linkHelpText":"Trends and a targeted annual warning system for greater sage-grouse in the western United States (1960–2021)"},{"id":411222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1165/dr1165.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DR 1165"},{"id":411223,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1165/images"},{"id":411221,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1165/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.19101705712868,\n 48.89284566335482\n ],\n [\n -122.13131256755497,\n 48.37855671670232\n ],\n [\n -121.63700211579436,\n 47.85380781194411\n ],\n [\n -121.86067071873805,\n 47.51242609246373\n ],\n [\n -121.87668371107034,\n 47.11115078292244\n ],\n [\n -122.4532512741522,\n 46.70567448488106\n ],\n [\n -122.57397075207928,\n 46.22739431053469\n ],\n [\n -122.36606239056442,\n 45.90712886523926\n ],\n [\n -121.91588031540189,\n 45.358384504867246\n ],\n [\n -122.45322729336237,\n 44.953343420279765\n ],\n [\n -122.52983521148596,\n 44.52144457126775\n ],\n [\n -122.54530349941209,\n 44.259263341793\n ],\n [\n -122.85735468588939,\n 43.86827650155766\n ],\n [\n -123.01704364538307,\n 43.46272668287682\n ],\n [\n -123.01026119844099,\n 43.21452795313556\n ],\n [\n -123.10511846238558,\n 42.807780288627384\n ],\n [\n -122.77301525682884,\n 42.07884845828369\n ],\n [\n -122.62454526743153,\n 41.5133850817748\n ],\n [\n -122.14925905063672,\n 40.83036532174481\n ],\n [\n -121.68837858072334,\n 40.49667518946566\n ],\n [\n -121.57750448671058,\n 39.80789795232664\n ],\n [\n -121.16256808423407,\n 39.215880289775015\n ],\n [\n -120.64471039578123,\n 38.57511631320122\n ],\n [\n -119.84212022937817,\n 37.43985090599355\n ],\n [\n -118.83488568782542,\n 36.55782111752346\n ],\n [\n -118.59349323888452,\n 35.83229168807691\n ],\n [\n -117.40450808029976,\n 35.69535862053445\n ],\n [\n -116.43105077565428,\n 35.459239916109155\n ],\n [\n -114.6229823251931,\n 35.413666627683824\n ],\n [\n -96.18756245429773,\n 35.03931170375198\n ],\n [\n -94.57905716272413,\n 37.1225590274522\n ],\n [\n -94.53555587839759,\n 39.07884303955356\n ],\n [\n -95.83917624651616,\n 40.61806593890233\n ],\n [\n -96.37123578579417,\n 42.39205565405334\n ],\n [\n -96.46625839716233,\n 45.31077773932529\n ],\n [\n -97.30155203348903,\n 48.980368873698694\n ],\n [\n -122.19101705712868,\n 48.89284566335482\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/werc
Contact Pubs Warehouse
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact
The protection of all sea turtles globally is a high priority, and research projects on these imperiled species are focused on those that are likely to result in improvements in monitoring and management for population recovery. Determining distribution, seasonal movements, vital rates and habitat use for all life-stages of sea turtles has been identified by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) as important for achieving recovery. This study provides information on in-water aggregations of sea turtles in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Data collected includes individual dive profiles, movements, seasonal site fidelity, genetic population structure, and isotopic signatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","usgsCitation":"Hart, K., and Lamont, M., 2022, Discerning behavioral patterns of sea turtles in the Gulf of Mexico to inform management decisions, iv, 76 p.","productDescription":"iv, 76 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133772","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411563,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411550,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://espis.boem.gov/final%20reports/BOEM_2021-088.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.65793958565853,\n 25.620964087484467\n ],\n [\n -80.65793958565853,\n 31.33180053527252\n ],\n [\n -99.2828424566061,\n 31.33180053527252\n ],\n [\n -99.2828424566061,\n 25.620964087484467\n ],\n [\n -80.65793958565853,\n 25.620964087484467\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Kristen 0000-0002-5257-7974","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":222407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamont, Margaret 0000-0001-7520-6669","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":222403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70245790,"text":"70245790 - 2022 - Perspectives on premetamorphic stratabound tourmalinites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T12:10:06.160041","indexId":"70245790","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-30T07:09:01","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":15684,"text":"Journal of Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perspectives on premetamorphic stratabound tourmalinites","docAbstract":"Stratabound tourmalinites are metallogenically important rocks that locally show a close spatial association with diverse types of mineralization, especially volcanogenic massive sulfides (VMS) and clastic-dominated (CD) Zn-Pb deposits. These tourmalinite occurrences pan the geologic record from Eoarchean to Jurassic. Host lithologies are dominated by clastic metasedimentary rocks but in some areas include metavolcanic rocks, marble, or metaevaporites. Stratabound and stratiform (conformable) tourmalinites commonly display sedimentary structures such as graded beds, cross-beds, and rip-up clasts. In most cases, field and microtextural relationships are consistent with a synsedimentary to the early diagenetic introduction of boron as a precursor to tourmaline formation.
Whole-rock geochemical data for major, trace, and rare earth elements (REE) provide valuable insights into tourmalinite origins. Al-normalized values relative to those for least-altered host metasedimentary rocks suggest that tourmalinites in proximal settings at or near hydrothermal vent sites characterized by high fluid/rock regimes (e.g., Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Canada) have very different signatures than those in low fluid/rock, distal settings (e.g., Broken Hill Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Australia). The high fluid/rock regimes at Sullivan show large mass changes of +60 % for Mg and +180 % for Mn, as well as large variations in abundances of light and middle REE. In contrast, tourmalinite formation in low fluid/rock regimes yields minimal Al-normalized changes in major elements, trace elements, and REE. Boron isotope values of tourmalinite-hosted tourmaline vary widely from -26.1 to +27.5 ‰, and are attributed mainly to boron sources (e.g., sediments, evaporites) with generally minor influence from processes such as formational temperature, fluid/rock ratio, and secular variation in seawater δ11B values.
Laterally extensive stratiform tourmalinites formed mainly by syngenetic or early diagenetic processes on or beneath the seafloor. The syngenetic process is attributed to the interaction of vented B-rich brines with aluminous minerals in sediments, whereas the diagenetic process involves the selective replacement of aluminous sediments by B-rich fluids. Modern examples of tourmalinites, as yet undiscovered, may exist in metalliferous sediments of the Red Sea and the eastern Pacific Ocean, in altered volcaniclastic sediments within active seafloor-hydrothermal systems of the South Pacific, and in hydrothermal mounds and vents associated with mafic sill complexes in extensional basins as in the North Sea and South China Sea. Stratabound tourmalinites that contain base-metal sulfides, high Mn concentrations (>1 wt. % MnO), or positive Eu anomalies can be valuable exploration guides for base-metal sulfide deposits in sedimentary and volcanic terranes.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has continuously monitored real-time water quality and suspended-sediment transport in San Francisco Bay (the Bay) since 1989 as part of a multi-agency effort (see “Acknowledgments” section) to address estuary management, water supply, and ecological concerns. The San Francisco Bay area is home to millions of people and biologically diverse marine and terrestrial flora and fauna. Freshwater mixes with saltwater in the Bay and is subject to riverine influences (floods, droughts, managed reservoir releases, and freshwater diversions) and marine influences (tides, waves, and effects of saltwater).
Water temperature, salinity, suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), and turbidity, are used by State and Federal resources managers and are monitored at eight key locations throughout the Bay (fig. 1). Water temperature and salinity affect the density of water, which controls gravity-driven circulation patterns and stratification in the water column. Salinity indicates the relative mixing of fresh and ocean waters in the Bay and is derived from specific conductance measurements. Turbidity is a measure of light scattered from suspended particles in the water that is used to estimate suspended-sediment concentration. Suspended-sediment concentrations also are directly measured through depth-integrated water sampling.
Suspended sediment affects Bay water quality in multiple ways. Suspended sediment affects phytoplankton growth by attenuating sunlight in the water column. Suspended sediment deposition on tidal marshes and intertidal mudflats helps to restore and sustain these habitats as sea level rises. Settling of suspended sediment in ports and shipping channels creates the need for more dredging. In addition, suspended sediment often carries adsorbed contaminants as it is transported in the water column, which affects the distributions and concentrations of adsorbed contaminants in the environment. Excessive concentrations of sediment-adsorbed contaminants in deposits on the bottom of the Bay can affect ecosystem health.
External factors, such as tidal currents, waves, and wind can also affect water quality in the Bay. Tidal currents in the Bay change direction four times daily, and wind direction and intensity typically fluctuate on a daily cycle. Consequently, salinity, water temperature, and suspended-sediment concentration differ spatially and temporally throughout the Bay. Therefore, high-frequency measurements at multiple locations are needed to monitor these changes. Data collected at eight stations throughout the Bay are transmitted in near real-time using cellular telemetry and posted to the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS; https://waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis). The purposes of this fact sheet are to (1) provide information about the USGS San Francisco Bay water-quality monitoring network; (2) highlight various applications in which these data can be used; and (3) provide internet links to access the resulting continuous water-quality data collected by the USGS.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20223087","usgsCitation":"Palm, D.L., Einhell, D.C., Davila Olivera, S.M., 2022, Continuous water-quality and suspended-sediment transport monitoring in San Francisco Bay, California, water years 2020–21: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022–3087, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223087.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-138273","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3087/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":411163,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3087/fs20223087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2022-3087"},{"id":411164,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/fs20223087/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2022-3087"},{"id":411165,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3087/images/"},{"id":411166,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3087/fs20223087.XML"},{"id":501514,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114175.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.7032269260365,\n 38.2575437837898\n ],\n [\n -122.64478458511374,\n 38.2575437837898\n ],\n [\n -122.64478458511374,\n 37.373118003359465\n ],\n [\n -121.7032269260365,\n 37.373118003359465\n ],\n [\n -121.7032269260365,\n 38.2575437837898\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, CA 95819
Understanding what drives changes in wildlife demography is fundamental to the conservation and management of depleted or declining populations, though making inference about the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence survival and reproduction remains challenging. Here we use mark–resight data from 2000 to 2018 to examine the effects of environmental variability on age-specific survival and natality for the endangered western distinct population segment (wDPS) of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska, USA. Though this population has been studied extensively over the last four decades, the causes of divergent abundance trends that have been observed across the wDPS range remain unknown. We developed a Bayesian multievent mark–resight model that accounts for female reproductive state uncertainty. Annual survival probabilities for male pups (0.44; 0.36–0.53), female yearlings (0.63; 0.49–0.73), and male yearlings (0.62; 0.51–0.71) born in the western portion of the wDPS range, estimated here for the first time, were lower than those in the eastern portion of the wDPS range, estimated as: male pups (0.69; 0.65–0.74), female yearlings (0.76; 0.71–0.81), and male yearlings (0.71; 0.65–0.78). There was a higher proportion of young female breeders in the western portion of the range, but overall natality was lower (0.69; 0.47–0.96) than in the eastern portion of the range (0.80; 0.74–0.84). Additionally, pup mass had a positive effect on pup survival in the eastern portion of the range and a negative effect in the western portion of the range, potentially due to earlier weaning of heavier pups. Local- and basin-scale oceanographic features such as the Aleutian Low, the Arctic Oscillation Index, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, chlorophyll concentration, upwelling, and wind in certain seasons were correlated with vital rates. However, drawing strong inferences from these correlations is challenging given that relationships between ocean conditions and an adaptive top predator in a dynamic ecosystem are exceedingly complex. This study provides the first demographic rate estimates for the western portion of the range where abundance estimates continue to decline. These results will advance efforts to identify factors driving regionally divergent abundance trends, with implications for population-level responses to future climate variability.
Population models often require detailed information on sex-, age-, or size-specific abundances, but population monitoring programs cannot always acquire data at the desired resolution. Thus, state uncertainty in monitoring data can potentially limit the demographic resolution of management decisions, which may be particularly problematic for stage- or size-structured species subject to consumptive use. American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis; hereafter alligator) have a complex life history characterized by delayed maturity and slow somatic growth, which makes the species particularly sensitive to overharvest. Though alligator populations are subject to recreational harvest throughout their range, the most widely used monitoring method (nightlight surveys) is often unable to obtain size class-specific counts, which limits the ability of managers to evaluate the effects of harvest policies. We constructed a Bayesian integrated population model (IPM) for alligators in Georgetown County, SC, USA, using records of mark–recapture–recovery, clutch size, harvest, and nightlight survey counts collected locally, and auxiliary information on fecundity, sex ratio, and somatic growth from other studies. We created a multistate mark–recapture–recovery model with six size classes to estimate survival probability, and we linked it to a state-space count model to derive estimates of size class-specific detection probability and abundance. Because we worked from a count dataset in which 60% of the original observations were of unknown size, we treated size class as a latent property of detections and developed a novel observation model to make use of information where size could be partly observed. Detection probability was positively associated with alligator size and water temperature, and negatively influenced by water level. Survival probability was lowest in the smallest size class but was relatively similar among the other five size classes (>0.90 for each). While the two nightlight survey count sites exhibited relatively stable population trends, we detected substantially different patterns in size class-specific abundance and trends between each site, including 30%–50% declines in the largest size classes at the site with greater harvest pressure. Here, we illustrate the use of IPMs to produce high-resolution output of latent population structure that is partially observed during the monitoring process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4321","usgsCitation":"Lawson, A.J., Jodice, P.G., Rainwater, T., Dunham, K.D., Hart, M., Butfiloski, J.W., Wilkinson, P., and Moore, C., 2022, Hidden in plain sight: Integrated population models to resolve partially observable latent population structure: Ecosphere, v. 13, e4321, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4321.","productDescription":"e4321, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-137983","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4321","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Abigail Jean 0000-0002-2799-8750","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-8750","contributorId":276319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"Jean","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":219852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rainwater, Thomas R.","contributorId":338672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rainwater","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunham, Kylee Denise 0000-0002-9249-0590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9249-0590","contributorId":296991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Kylee","email":"","middleInitial":"Denise","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hart, Morgan","contributorId":338673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Morgan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35670,"text":"South Carolina Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butfiloski, Joseph W.","contributorId":338675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butfiloski","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":35670,"text":"South Carolina Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilkinson, Philip M.","contributorId":338676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"Philip M.","affiliations":[{"id":54598,"text":"Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moore, Clinton 0000-0001-7782-3994 cmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7782-3994","contributorId":338679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton","email":"cmoore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70250707,"text":"70250707 - 2022 - Critical ShakeCast lifeline users and their response protocols","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T12:59:02.090215","indexId":"70250707","displayToPublicDate":"2022-12-28T06:55:39","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Critical ShakeCast lifeline users and their response protocols","docAbstract":"Identifying the relevant spatial scale at which species respond to features in a landscape (scale of effect) is a pressing research need as managers work to reduce biodiversity loss amid a variety of environmental challenges. Until recently, researchers often evaluated a subset of potential scales of effect inferred from previous studies in other locations, often based on different biological responses and environmental variables. These approaches, however, can create uncertainty as to whether relevant spatial scales were identified, and whether the effects of environmental variables at scale were accurately estimated. Identifying scales of effect is particularly relevant for the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a sagebrush-obligate species of conservation concern requiring large areas of intact sagebrush cover (Artemisia spp.) for habitat. We demonstrate the application of a scale selection approach that jointly estimates the scale of effect and the effect of sagebrush cover on trends in population size using counts from 584 sage-grouse leks in southwestern Wyoming (2003–2019) and annual estimates of sagebrush cover from a remote sensing product. From this approach, we estimated a positive effect of mean sagebrush cover with a 95% probability that the scale of effect occurred within 5.02 km of leks. In an average year, we found that lower levels of sagebrush cover within these estimated scales could support increasing trends in sage-grouse population size when populations were small, but higher levels of sagebrush cover were needed to sustain growing populations when populations were larger. With standardized monitoring and annual estimates of vegetation from remote sensing, this scale selection approach can be applied to identify relevant scales for other populations, species, and biological responses such as demography and movement.
Historical observations by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) indicate that the Rondout pressure tunnel has been leaking in the vicinity of the hamlet of High Falls, New York. In the 74 days from November 11, 2019, to January 23, 2020, NYCDEP shut down and partially dewatered the pressure tunnel for inspection and repairs. On November 5–7, 2019 (during normal tunnel operations), and on January 21–22, 2020 (when the tunnel was shut down), the U.S. Geological Survey used a network of 31 groundwater wells to collect water-level elevations and determine the potentiometric surface of the bedrock aquifer adjacent to the Rondout pressure tunnel. When the tunnel was fully pressurized during normal operations, water levels indicated a two-mile-long groundwater mound which trended northeastward, approximately along the regional strike of the bedrock units. The mound ranged in elevation from 250 to 300 feet (ft) above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 and extended from 1,500 ft southwest of a suspected leak at the Rondout pressure tunnel to about 8,500 ft northeast of the possible leak. During the 74-day shutdown, during which the aqueduct was nonoperational, this groundwater mound decreased in magnitude and extent as it reverted to equilibrium conditions. This resulted in a flattening of the potentiometric surface, represented by two remnant groundwater plateaus.
Water-level differences were calculated for wells that may be affected by potential tunnel leakage to determine the influence on the local bedrock aquifer. The five largest water-level differences (77, 61, 49, 42, and 41 ft) occurred in wells that were generally aligned with the northeastward trend of regional bedrock strike; these wells may penetrate the karstic Helderberg Group bedrock unit. Near the suspected tunnel leak, the Helderberg Group overlies the Binnewater Sandstone and the High Falls Shale, both of which produced substantial groundwater inflows during the construction of the Rondout pressure tunnel. Water levels in wells penetrating the Shawangunk Formation just east of Rondout Creek, where the unit is in contact with the High Falls Shale, and in wells penetrating the Esopus Shale, which is adjacent to the Helderberg Group and northwest of the tunnel leak, may be affected by tunnel leakage. It is unclear if water levels in a well 9,000 ft northwest of the suspected tunnel leak are influenced by the tunnel leakage, by another source of artificial recharge, or by both. This well penetrates the Onondaga Limestone in the northwestern part of the study area. An unconsolidated aquifer composed of stratified gravel, sand, silt, and clay overlies the limestone bedrock in this part of study area―additional study is required to determine if this unconsolidated aquifer is affected by tunnel leakage.
Robert Francis Breault, Center Director
New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180-8349
In 2019, the U.S. Geological Survey evaluated the performance of the Turner Designs, Inc. PhytoFind, an in-place phytoplankton classification tool. The sensor was tested with sample blanks, monoculture and mixed phytoplankton cultures, and turbidity challenges in a laboratory, and was tested on a 120-mile survey of the Caloosahatchee and St. Lucie Rivers in Florida, including Lake Okeechobee. Results include the following:
Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
The Columbia River provides important cultural, economic, and ecological services to a significant portion of the United States. Anadromous and resident fish species and other wildlife are integrated into the cultural traditions of all Tribes in the Columbia River Basin. Salmon, lamprey, sturgeon, and resident fish are an integral part of Tribal religion, culture, and physical sustenance. Despite concerns about the effect of contaminants on the aquatic ecosystem, the disproportionate effects of contaminants on members of Tribal sovereignties, and the known effects of contaminants on species protected under the Endangered Species Act, efforts to address toxic chemical pollution in the Columbia River have been limited. The lack of a dedicated contaminant monitoring program impedes evaluation and decision making regarding the health of the Columbia River ecosystem, as well as human health for Tribal members and others that consume fish and other biota from the Columbia River.
The purpose of this framework is to provide guidance for the development of a long-term program (Program) that provides the basis for assessing the status and trends of contaminants in fish, sediment, water, and invertebrates along the 962-kilometer length of the Columbia River from the Bonneville Dam upriver to the Canadian Border (Figure ES1).
This framework will focus on four persistent and bioaccumulative classes of toxic contaminants:
• Mercury
• Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
• Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)
• Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
Media of interest in this framework include anadromous and resident fish, sediment, invertebrates, biofilm, and surface water.
Future consideration of additional contaminants could include pesticides, per or poly-fluoroalkyl substances, 6PPD-quinone, and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which comprises a diverse group of anthropogenic chemicals that include thousands of pharmaceuticals, hormones, illicit drugs, new pesticides, personal care products, flame retardants, artificial sweeteners, perfluorinated compounds, disinfection byproducts, ultraviolet filters, and other industrial chemicals.
This framework includes the vision, goals, and objectives for the Program. The vision for the Program is that it will provide the basis for assessing the status and trends of contaminants in the Columbia River to guide ecosystem recovery resulting in clean, healthy fish for current and future generations. The goals of the Program are to 1) conduct long-term monitoring to assess the spatial and temporal status and trends of toxics in fish, water, sediment, and other potential media in the Columbia River mainstem, from Bonneville Dam to the Canadian Border in perpetuity, 2) stimulate conversion of science into action by providing information to facilitate future decision making that improves ecosystem function and reduces contaminants in all levels of the food chain, and 3) adaptively manage the Program to address new key questions, incorporate new and emerging science advancements, and respond to community information needs.
To facilitate achieving these goals, this framework provides details on technical planning; community outreach and engagement; and adaptive management to promote understanding and improve future decision making over the long-term, including updating the Program with new and emerging science and community needs. Additionally, data associated with the Program will be made available to the public through the EPA Water Quality Exchange (https://www.epa.gov/waterdata/water-quality-data). Documents and other materials associated with the Program can be accessed via a website hosted by Yakama Nation Fisheries (https://yakamafish-nsn.gov/restore/projects/columbia-river-mainstem- water-quality-monitoring-program).
Although the Program is limited to the Columbia River upstream of the Bonneville Dam, collaboration with other entities that monitor contaminants in the Columbia River Basin, including the Columbia River estuary below Bonneville Dam, are also an important component of outreach. Our goal is to encourage efforts to ensure data comparability across programs and recognize that the growth and adaptive management of the Program considers basin-wide monitoring developments.
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The river provides a source of irrigation water for tens of thousands of acres of agricultural lands in California and Nevada and is the principal source of inflow to Walker Lake. Extraction of groundwater for agricultural use became prevalent in the late 1950s and early 1960s to supplement irrigation demands not met by surface-water diversions during times of drought. There is growing concern that continued groundwater withdrawals within the Walker River Basin are likely contributing to depleted streamflow of the Walker River and the long-term depletion of groundwater storage in the basin. This report documents changes in groundwater storage-volume and trends in Walker River stream efficiency, a measure of change in flow due to gaining or losing conditions, in the two largest agricultural valleys in the Walker River Basin, Smith and Mason Valleys, for a multi-decade period. Groundwater-level maps from previous studies were used for the beginning (1970) and middle (2006) points of this study. Groundwater levels measured from 1991–95 and 2016–20 were used to construct median groundwater-level maps that represented conditions in 1995 and 2020. Valley wide groundwater-level change was calculated by comparing groundwater-level maps for the periods 1970–95, 1996–2006, and 2007–20 and by observing the overall change from 1970 to 2020. Groundwater storage-volume change was calculated using groundwater-level change and previously defined specific yield values. Between 1970 and 2020, groundwater storage-volume declined 287,600 acre-feet in Smith Valley and 269,000 acre-feet in Mason Valley. Using groundwater storage-volume decline and annual groundwater pumpage rates, a maximum groundwater pumpage rate can be computed to support management of water resources. In Smith Valley, groundwater pumping in excess of 22,300 acre-feet per year would likely result in groundwater storage decline. In Mason Valley, groundwater pumping in excess of 75,200 acre-feet per year would likely result in groundwater storage decline. Stream efficiency was calculated using continuous streamflow data and monthly diversion volumes on two reaches: (1) the West Walker River in Smith Valley, from 1948 to 2020 and (2) the Walker River in Mason Valley, from 1958 to 2020. Stream efficiency during non-irrigation season in Smith and Mason Valleys declined at a statistically significant rate of 1.1 and 0.6 percent per year, respectively. Trends in stream efficiency corresponded to occurrence of prolonged drought, deviation from average annual streamflows, and total groundwater pumpage. Long-term declines in groundwater storage-volume and stream efficiency demonstrate that the alluvial aquifer system is becoming increasingly depleted, such that the river can no longer replenish groundwater storage while simultaneously balancing groundwater and surface-water withdrawals. The introduction of supplemental groundwater pumpage was intended to offset surface-water deficits during dry years; however, pumpage occurs even in years when average or above average streamflows meet surface-water demands. Reliance on supplemental groundwater pumpage has resulted in widespread groundwater storage-volume decline and decreased stream efficiency. With each successive drought cycle, the ability of Walker River to sustain streamflows and convey water downstream has diminished. Above average wet periods have a marginal and short-lived effect on rebounding the groundwater levels outside of the river corridor. Moreover, if the trend continues, each future drought cycle may further reduce groundwater supplies and that may further decrease streamflow reliability.
Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road, Suite 3
Carson City, Nevada 89701
The southwestern pond turtle (Actinemys pallida) is a semiaquatic turtle that occasionally spends time on land to bask, oviposit, make intermittent overland movements, and overwinter in terrestrial locations. Use of both aquatic and terrestrial environments exposes semiaquatic turtles to increased risk of injury or mortality from floods, predation attempts, and other environmental hazards (e.g., human activities such as vehicle strikes, etc.). We collected injury and morphological abnormality data from adult turtles at 3 study sites along the length of the Mojave River in San Bernardino County, California: 1 site on the upper half of the Mojave River (hereafter known as UHMRS) and 2 sites each on the lower half of the Mojave River (hereafter known as LHMRS). The studies were conducted when turtles were most active between May and October 1998–1999 and again from April to September 2016–2019. A total of 84 A. pallida were captured among all sites and all years. Seventeen percent (n = 8) of the turtles captured at UHMRS exhibited shell abnormalities (natural variations in shell or bone morphology). Injuries (damage inflicted by force to the shell or body) occurred in 68% (n = 26) of captured turtles at both the LHMRS sites combined and 78% (n = 36) of turtles captured at the UHMRS alone. A total of 74% (n = 62) of turtles had injuries at all sites combined. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of injured and noninjured turtles between the sexes for either the 2 LHMRS sites combined or the UHMRS. Mean carapace length was not significantly different between injured and noninjured turtles for these same sites. Injuries occurred in the majority of captured turtles at all sites and may be an indicator of the extent of threats facing these turtles.
Water is a critical and limited resource, particularly in the arid West, but water availability is projected to decline even while demand increases due to growing human populations and increases in duration and severity of drought. Mesic areas provide important water resources for numerous wildlife species, including the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter, sage-grouse), an indicator for the health of sagebrush ecosystems. Understanding how wildlife use these crucial areas is necessary to inform management and conservation of sensitive species. Specifically, the influence of anthropogenic water subsidies such as irrigated pastures is not well-studied.
We evaluated brood-rearing habitat selection and brood survival of sage-grouse in Long Valley, California, an area where the water rights are primarily owned by the city of Los Angeles and water is used locally to irrigate for livestock. This area thus represents a unique balance between the needs of wildlife and people that could increasingly define future water management.
In this study, sage-grouse broods moved closer to the edge of mesic areas and used more interior areas during the late brood-rearing period, selecting for greener areas after 1 July. Mesic areas were particularly important during dry years, with broods using areas farther interior than in wet years. Brood survival was also positively influenced by the availability and condition of mesic resources, as indicated by variation in values of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), with survival peaking at moderate values of NDVI and just outside the edge but decreasing inside the mesic areas.
Our results highlight the importance of quality edge habitat of large mesic areas for sage-grouse to balance habitat selection and survival, particularly during drier years and during the late brood-rearing period, which is a critical period because chick survival has been shown to influence population growth.
This study highlights the implications of large-scale anthropogenic water manipulation, and the balance between local irrigation and water distribution to benefit other regions, from the context of a species of high conservation concern in North American sagebrush ecosystems.