The Conservation Reserve Program, initiated in 1985, was designed primarily to reduce soil erosion and crop surpluses. A secondary benefit was the provision of habitat for wildlife. Grassland bird populations, many of which declined in the decades prior to the Conservation Reserve Program, may have benefited from the Conservation Reserve Program if reproduction in this newly available habitat has been at least as high as it would have been in the absence of the Conservation Reserve Program. On study areas in North Dakota and Minnesota, I examined breeding densities and fledging success of grassland birds in Conservation Reserve Program fields and in an alternative habitat of similar structure, idle grassland fields on federal Waterfowl Production Areas. Fields were 10 to 25 hectares in size. The avifaunas of these two habitats were similar, although brush-dependent species were more abundant on Waterfowl Protection Areas. The common species in these habitats included ones whose continental populations have declined, such as Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), and Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). These ground-nesting species were pooled with other ground nesters in an analysis of fledging success, which revealed no significant differences between habitats, between states, or among years (1991-1993). Predation was the primary cause of nest failure. I concluded that Conservation Reserve Program fields in this region were suitable breeding habitat for several species whose populations had declined prior to the Conservation Reserve Program era. This habitat appeared to be as secure for nests of ground-nesting birds as another suitable habitat in North Dakota and Minnesota.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Koford, R.R., 1999, Density and fledging success of grassland birds in Conservation Reserve Program fields in North Dakota and west-central Minnesota: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 19, p. 187-195.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"195","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11059,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/139580"},{"id":134001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","county":"Pope County, Stevens County, Stutsman County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-95.1388,45.7602],[-95.1384,45.5864],[-95.1319,45.5856],[-95.1322,45.4128],[-95.2549,45.4122],[-95.7451,45.4122],[-96.1185,45.4133],[-96.2412,45.4136],[-96.2425,45.5864],[-96.2535,45.5862],[-96.2542,45.7609],[-95.7595,45.76],[-95.1388,45.7602]]],[[[-99.2669,47.3268],[-98.8466,47.327],[-98.8392,47.327],[-98.8232,47.3272],[-98.8152,47.3271],[-98.4991,47.327],[-98.467,47.3266],[-98.4677,47.2402],[-98.4685,46.9788],[-98.4412,46.9789],[-98.4396,46.6296],[-98.7894,46.6294],[-99.0379,46.6309],[-99.1616,46.6317],[-99.4122,46.6316],[-99.4498,46.6319],[-99.4477,46.8044],[-99.4476,46.9788],[-99.4821,46.9795],[-99.4824,47.0089],[-99.4822,47.0162],[-99.4821,47.0249],[-99.4826,47.0396],[-99.4827,47.1558],[-99.4801,47.3267],[-99.2669,47.3268]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pope\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66eb6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koford, Rolf R.","contributorId":16347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koford","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001658,"text":"1001658 - 1999 - Twenty-year home-range dynamics of a white-tailed deer matriline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:27:29","indexId":"1001658","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Twenty-year home-range dynamics of a white-tailed deer matriline","docAbstract":"We examined the seasonal migration and home-range dynamics of a multigeneration white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) matriline comprising six females from four generations spanning a 20-year period in northeastern Minnesota. All, from the matriarch to her great-granddaughter, migrated to the same summer and winter ranges, the longest individual record being 14.5 years. Three maternal females concurrently occupied exclusive fawning sites within their ancestral matriarch's summer range, while two nonmaternal females explored new areas and ranged near their mothers. One great-granddaughter expanded her summer range 1 km beyond the matriarch's summer range while essentially vacating half of her ancestors' range and becoming nonmigratory the last 4 years of her life. These data indicate that individual movements of matriline members can potentially expand their ranges beyond the areas occupied by their ancestors through a slow process of small incremental changes. This suggests that the rapid extension of deer range in eastern North America resulted from natal dispersal by yearling deer rather than from the type of home-range expansion reported here.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z99-085","usgsCitation":"Nelson, M.E., and Mech, L.D., 1999, Twenty-year home-range dynamics of a white-tailed deer matriline: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 77, no. 7, p. 1128-1135, https://doi.org/10.1139/z99-085.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1128","endPage":"1135","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Michael E.","contributorId":7397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001100,"text":"1001100 - 1999 - The insignificance of statistical significance testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:14:44","indexId":"1001100","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The insignificance of statistical significance testing","docAbstract":"Despite their use in scientific journals such as The Journal of Wildlife Management, statistical hypothesis tests add very little value to the products of research. Indeed, they frequently confuse the interpretation of data. This paper describes how statistical hypothesis tests are often viewed, and then contrasts that interpretation with the correct one. I discuss the arbitrariness of P-values, conclusions that the null hypothesis is true, power analysis, and distinctions between statistical and biological significance. Statistical hypothesis testing, in which the null hypothesis about the properties of a population is almost always known a priori to be false, is contrasted with scientific hypothesis testing, which examines a credible null hypothesis about phenomena in nature. More meaningful alternatives are briefly outlined, including estimation and confidence intervals for determining the importance of factors, decision theory for guiding actions in the face of uncertainty, and Bayesian approaches to hypothesis testing and other statistical practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Soceity","doi":"10.2307/3802789","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1999, The insignificance of statistical significance testing: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 63, no. 3, p. 763-772, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802789.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"772","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a47e4b07f02db6224ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001021,"text":"1001021 - 1999 - Hydrogeomorphic factors and ecosystem responses in coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T11:57:47","indexId":"1001021","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeomorphic factors and ecosystem responses in coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Gauging the impact of manipulative activities, such as rehabilitation or management, on wetlands requires having a notion of the unmanipulated condition as a reference. And understanding of the reference condition requires knowledge of dominant factors influencing ecosystem processes and biological communities. In this paper, we focus on natural physical factors (conditions and processes) that drive coastal wetland ecosystems of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Great Lakes coastal wetlands develop under conditions of large-lake hydrology and disturbance imposed at a hiearchy of spatial and temporal scales and contain biotic communities adapted to unstable and unpredictable conditions. Coastal wetlands are configured along a continuum of hydrogeomorphic types: open coastal wetlands, drowned river mouth and flooded delta wetlands, and protected wetlands, each developing distinct ecosystem propertics and biotic communities. Hydrogeomorphic factors associated with the lake and watershed operate at a hierarchy of scales: a) local and short-term (seiches and ice action), b) watershed / lakewide / annual (seasonal water-level change), and c) larger or year-to-year and longer (regional and/or greater than one-year). Other physical factors include the unique water quality features of each lake. The aim of this paper is to provide scientists and managers with a framework for considering regional and site-specific geomorphometry and a hierarchy of physical processes in planning management and conservation projects.
","largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161786","usgsCitation":"Keough, J.R., Thompson, T.A., Guntenspergen, G.R., and Wilcox, D.A., 1999, Hydrogeomorphic factors and ecosystem responses in coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes: Wetlands, v. 19, no. 4, p. 821-834, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161786.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"821","endPage":"834","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2299","text":"External Repository"},{"id":128790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keough, Janet R.","contributorId":49300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keough","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Todd A.","contributorId":38501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000927,"text":"1000927 - 1999 - Interaction of ambient conditions and fecal coliform bacteria in southern Lake Michigan beach waters: Monitoring program implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T16:36:07.751947","indexId":"1000927","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interaction of ambient conditions and fecal coliform bacteria in southern Lake Michigan beach waters: Monitoring program implications","docAbstract":"Excessive fecal coliform bacteria in public swimming waters can potentially threaten visitor health. Fecal coliform bacteria (1984-1989) and Escherichia coli (1990-1995) density were monitored weekly at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore beaches for 12 summers, and park officials closed swimming areas when fecal coliform density exceeded the state water quality criteria (400 CFU fecal coliforms/ 100 ml; 235 CFU E. coli/100 ml water). Due to a 24-hour incubation in the fecal coliform and E. coli assays, beaches were closed the day after collection of high fecal coliform. Our analysis suggests that it is not possible to predict one day's fecal coliform count based on the previous day's results in waters taken from southern Lake Michigan beaches. Dispersal and deposition of bacteria were not uniform among sites or across time apparently due to interactions among environmental variables including rainfall, wind direction, water temperature, and bacteria source. Rainfall combined with northwest winds increased bacteria concentrations. Escherichia coli followed a seasonal trend with similar fluctuations in density among beaches. We suggest that the current beach monitoring protocol is inadequate for predicting fecal coliform density at the time of beach closure, and, subsequently, its use for ensuring visitor safety remains questionable.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","usgsCitation":"Whitman, R.L., Nevers, M.B., and Gerovac, P.J., 1999, Interaction of ambient conditions and fecal coliform bacteria in southern Lake Michigan beach waters: Monitoring program implications: Natural Areas Journal, v. 19, no. 2, p. 166-171.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"171","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403925,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43911825"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.30697631835936,\n 41.589769752047076\n ],\n [\n -86.82838439941406,\n 41.589769752047076\n ],\n [\n -86.82838439941406,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -87.30697631835936,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -87.30697631835936,\n 41.589769752047076\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d585","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith Becker","contributorId":35677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"Becker","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerovac, Paul J.","contributorId":19920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerovac","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020991,"text":"70020991 - 1999 - Late Quaternary loess in northeastern Colorado: Part I - Age and paleoclimatic significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T01:07:36.493373","indexId":"70020991","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary loess in northeastern Colorado: Part I - Age and paleoclimatic significance","docAbstract":"Loess in eastern Colorado covers an estimated 14 000 km2, and is the westernmost part of the North American midcontinent loess province. Stratigraphic studies indicate there were two periods of loess deposition in eastern Colorado during late Quaternary time. The first period spanned ca. 20 000 to 12 000 14C yr B.P. (ca. 20–14 ka) and correlates reasonably well with the culmination and retreat of Pinedale glaciers in the Colorado Front Range during the last glacial maximum. The second period of loess deposition occurred between ca. 11 000 and 9000 14C yr B.P. This interval may be Holocene or may correlate with a hypothesized Younger Dryas glacial advance in the Colorado Front Range. Sedimentologic, mineralogic, and geochemical data indicate that as many as three sources could have supplied loess in eastern Colorado. These sources include glaciogenic silt (derived from the Colorado Front Range) and two bedrock sources, volcaniclastic silt from the White River Group, and clays from the Pierre Shale. The sediment sources imply a generally westerly paleowind during the last glacial maximum. New carbon isotope data, combined with published faunal data, indicate that the loess was probably deposited on a cool steppe, implying a last glacial maximum July temperature depression, relative to the present, of at least 5–6 °C. Overall, loess deposition in eastern Colorado occurred mostly toward the end of the last glacial maximum, under cooler and drier conditions, with generally westerly winds from more than one source.
One of the mysteries of earthquake mechanics is why earthquakes stop. This process determines the difference between small and devastating ruptures. One possibility is that fault geometry controls earthquake size. We test this hypothesis using a numerical algorithm that simulates spontaneous rupture propagation in a three-dimensional medium and apply our knowledge to two California fault zones. We find that the size difference between the 1934 and 1966 Parkfield, California, earthquakes may be the product of a stepover at the southern end of the 1934 earthquake and show how the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake followed physically reasonable expectations when it jumped across en echelon faults to become a large event. If there are no linking structures, such as transfer faults, then strike-slip earthquakes are unlikely to propagate through stepover s >5 km wide.
It is becoming acknowledged that water is likely to be the most pressing environmental concern of the next century. Difficulties in river basin management are only exacerbated when the resource crosses international boundaries. One critical aid in the assessment of international waters has been the Register of International Rivers a compendium which listed 214 international waterways that cover 47% of the earth's continental land surface. The Register, though, was last updated in 1978 by the now defunct United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. The purpose of this paper is to update the Register in order to reflect the quantum changes that have taken place over the last 22 years, both in global geopolitics and in map coverage and technology. By accessing digital elevation models at spatial resolutions of 30 arc seconds, corroborating at a unified global map coverage of at least 1:1 000 000, and superimposing the results over complete coverage of current political boundaries, we are able to provide a new register which lists 261 international rivers, covering 45.3% of the land surface of the earth (excluding Antarctica). This paper lists all international rivers with their watershed areas, the nations which share each watershed,their respective territorial percentages, and notes on changes in or disputes over international boundaries since 1978.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07900629948682","usgsCitation":"Wolf, A.T., Natharius, J.A., Danielson, J.J., Ward, B.S., and Pender, J.K., 1999, International river basins of the world: International Journal of Water Resources Development, v. 15, no. 4, p. 387-427, https://doi.org/10.1080/07900629948682.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"427","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9b8e4b044b359e486b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, Aaron T.","contributorId":191989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolf","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Natharius, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":149642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Natharius","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danielson, Jeffrey J. 0000-0003-0907-034X daniels@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-034X","contributorId":3996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"daniels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ward, Brian S.","contributorId":191990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pender, Jan K.","contributorId":191991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pender","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020994,"text":"70020994 - 1999 - Data set incongruence and correlated character evolution: An example of functional convergence in the hind-limbs of stifftail diving ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T15:46:21.70157","indexId":"70020994","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3510,"text":"Systematic Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data set incongruence and correlated character evolution: An example of functional convergence in the hind-limbs of stifftail diving ducks","docAbstract":"The unwitting inclusion of convergent characters in phylogenetic estimates poses a serious problem for efforts to recover phylogeny. Convergence is not inscrutable, however, particularly when one group of characters tracks phylogeny and another set tracks adaptive history. In such cases, convergent characters may be correlated with one or a few functional anatomical units and readily identifiable by using comparative methods. Stifftail ducks (Oxyurinae) offer one such opportunity to study correlated character evolution and function in the context of phylogenetic reconstruction. Morphological analyses place stifftail ducks as part of a large clade of diving ducks that includes the sea ducks (Mergini), Hymenolaimus, Merganetta, and Tachyeres, and possibly the pochards (Aythyini). Molecular analyses, on the other hand, place stifftails far from other diving ducks and suggest, moreover, that stifftails are polyphyletic. Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences of eight stifftail species traditionally supposed to form a clade were compared with each other and with sequences from 50 other anseriform and galliform species. Stifftail ducks are not the sister group of sea ducks but lie outside the typical ducks (Anatinae). Of the four traditional stifftail genera, monophyly of Oxyura and its sister group relationship with Nomonyx are strongly supported. Heteronetta probably is the sister group of that clade, but support is weak. Biziura is not a true stifftail. Within Oxyura, Old World species (O. australis, O. leucocephala, O. maccoa) appear to form a clade, with New World species (O. jamaicensis, O. vittata) branching basally. Incongruence between molecules and morphology is interpreted to be the result of adaptive specialization and functional convergence in the hind limbs of Biziura and true stifftails. When morphological characters are divided into classes, only hind-limb characters are significantly in conflict with the molecular tree. Likewise, null models of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution based on patterns of codon-degeneracy and chemical dissimilarity indicate that the nucleotide and amino acid changes postulated by the molecular tree are more plausible than those postulated by the morphological tree. These findings teach general lessons about the utility of highly adaptive characters (in particular those related to foraging ecology) and underscore the problems that convergence can pose for attempts to recover phylogeny. They also demonstrate how the concept of natural data partitions and simple models of evolution (e.g., parsimony, likelihood, neutrality) can be used to test the accuracy of independent phylogenetic estimates and provide arguments in favor of one tree topology over another.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1080/106351599259979","issn":"10635157","usgsCitation":"McCracken, K.G., Harshman, J., Mcclellan, D.A., and Afton, A., 1999, Data set incongruence and correlated character evolution: An example of functional convergence in the hind-limbs of stifftail diving ducks: Systematic Biology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 683-714, https://doi.org/10.1080/106351599259979.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"683","endPage":"714","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/106351599259979","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdb7e4b0c8380cd4e93b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCracken, K. G.","contributorId":7431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCracken","given":"K.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harshman, J.","contributorId":15785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harshman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mcclellan, D. A.","contributorId":81654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcclellan","given":"D.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001001,"text":"1001001 - 1999 - Vateritic sagitta in wild and stocked lake trout: Applicability to stock origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T11:40:31","indexId":"1001001","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vateritic sagitta in wild and stocked lake trout: Applicability to stock origin","docAbstract":"Aragonite is the normal form of calcium carbonate found in teleost otoliths, but it is sometimes replaced by vaterite, an alternate crystalline structure. We investigated the assumption that sagittal otoliths with vaterite replacement were unique to stocked lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Earlier studies had attributed these abnormalities to stocking stress, and proposed that the presence of vaterite could separate individual unmarked stocked lake trout from their wild counterparts. We examined and described the frequency of vateritic sagittae in two wild and three stocked populations of lake trout from the Great Lakes and a wild population from a remote inland lake in northern Canada. Among lake trout caught 2–12 years after being stocked, prevalence of vateritic sagittae was 66% for Lake Superior fish, 75% for Lake Huron fish, and 86% for Lake Ontario fish. Among wild fish caught, vateritic sagittae were present in 37% of Lake Superior fish, 22% of Lake Huron fish, and 49% of northern Canada fish. We also compared year-to-year differences in prevalence in four year-classes of fingerling lake trout reared in two U.S. national lake trout hatcheries. Prior to release, between 53 and 84% of the hatchery fish had at least one vateritic sagitta, and prevalence increased with handling associated with hatchery practices. Vateritic sagittae in wild fish might also indicate stress in nature. The presence of vateritic sagittae in both wild and stocked fish compromises the use of this characteristic as an unequivocal indicator of a particular fish's origin. Among-population differences in both the prevalence and the extent of vaterite replacement, however, may provide a means of differentiating between stocks of sympatric unmarked wild and stocked lake trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0929:VSIWAS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bowen, C.A., Bronte, C.R., Argyle, R.L., Adams, J.V., and Johnson, J.E., 1999, Vateritic sagitta in wild and stocked lake trout: Applicability to stock origin: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 5, p. 929-938, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0929:VSIWAS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"929","endPage":"938","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60274d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Charles A. II","contributorId":30940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Argyle, Ray L.","contributorId":9993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, James E.","contributorId":45668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015995,"text":"1015995 - 1999 - Clinal variation in the juvenal plumage of American kestrels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:49","indexId":"1015995","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clinal variation in the juvenal plumage of American kestrels","docAbstract":"The American Kestrel(Falco sparverius) is a sexually dichromatic falcon that exhibits\r\nconsiderable individual plumage variability. For example, the anterior extent of the\r\nblack dorsal barring in juvenile males has been used throughout North America as one of\r\nseveral aging criteria, but recent data demonstrate that the variability among individual\r\nSoutheastern American Kestrels(E S. paulus)exceeds that accounted for by age. The objective of this study was to search for geographic patterns in the variability of juvenal plumage, particularly those characteristics considered indicative of age. Nestling kestrels (n = 610)\r\nwere examined prior to fledging during the 1997 breeding season at nest box programs\r\nacross a large portion of the North American breeding range. From south to north (1) the\r\ncrown patches of both males and females become more completely rufous, and (2) shaft\r\nstreaks on forehead and crown feathers become more pronounced, especially in males. Male\r\nSoutheastern American Kestrels differed from other males (E s. sparverius) in that the anterior\r\nextent of dorsal barring averaged less but was more variable. The variability observed\r\nin North America appears to be part of a cline extending across the species range in the\r\nWestern Hemisphere, where tropical subspecies are small and have reduced dorsal barring.\r\nBoth body size and, especially in males, dorsal barring increases with increasing north and\r\nsouth latitude. We suggest that this geographic pattern is adaptive in terms of thermoregulation, and that differences in the sex roles may explain why males become less barred with maturity while females do not.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Smallwood, J., Natale, C., Steenhof, K., Meetz, M., Marti, C., Melvin, R., Bortolotti, G., Robertson, R., Robertson, S., Shuford, W., Lindemann, S., and Tornwall, B., 1999, Clinal variation in the juvenal plumage of American kestrels: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 70, no. 3, p. 425-435.","productDescription":"p. 425-435","startPage":"425","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cfe4b07f02db5da881","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smallwood, J.A.","contributorId":13945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smallwood","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Natale, C.","contributorId":49762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Natale","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steenhof, K.","contributorId":98696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meetz, M.","contributorId":28215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meetz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marti, C.D.","contributorId":31359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marti","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Melvin, R.J.","contributorId":40184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melvin","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bortolotti, G.R.","contributorId":12437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortolotti","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Robertson, R.","contributorId":45279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Robertson, S.","contributorId":34484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shuford, W.R.","contributorId":75499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuford","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lindemann, S.A.","contributorId":21128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindemann","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tornwall, B.","contributorId":77118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornwall","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":1015936,"text":"1015936 - 1999 - Defining landscapes suitable for restoration of grizzly bears Ursus arctos in Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-13T02:47:21.739472","indexId":"1015936","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Defining landscapes suitable for restoration of grizzly bears Ursus arctos in Idaho","title":"Defining landscapes suitable for restoration of grizzly bears Ursus arctos in Idaho","docAbstract":"Informed management of large carnivores depends on the timely and useful presentation of relevant information. We describe an approach to evaluating carnivore habitat that uses pre-existing qualitative and quantitative information on humans and carnivores to generate coarse-scale maps of habitat suitability, habitat productivity, potential reserves, and areas of potential conflict. We use information pertinent to the contemplated reintroduction of grizzly bears Ursus arctos horribilis into central Idaho to demonstrate our approach. The approach uses measures of human numbers, their estimated distribution, road and trail access, and abundance and quality of bear foods to create standardized indices that are analogues of death and birth rates, respectively; the first subtracted from the second indicates habitat suitability (HS). We calibrate HS to sightings of grizzly bears in two ecosystems in northern Idaho and develop an empirical model from these same sightings based on piece-wise treatment of the variables contained in HS. Depending on whether the empirical model or HS is used, we estimate that there is 14 800 km2 of suitable habitat in two blocks or 37 100 km2 in one block in central Idaho, respectively. Both approaches show suitable habitat in the current Evaluation Area and in an area of southeastern Idaho centered on the Palisades Reservoir. Areas of highly productive habitat are concentrated in northern and western Idaho and in the Palisades area. Future conflicts between humans and bears are most likely to occur on the western and northern margins of suitable habitat in central Idaho, rather than to the east, where opposition to reintroduction of grizzly bears is currently strongest.
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\"}}]}","volume":"87","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6724c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merrill, Troy","contributorId":103638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Troy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattson, D.J.","contributorId":57022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, R.G.","contributorId":9622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quigley, Howard B.","contributorId":13198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quigley","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174305,"text":"70174305 - 1999 - Time series of suspended-solids concentration in Honker Bay during water year 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T13:16:15","indexId":"70174305","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":396,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"subseriesTitle":"San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances","title":"Time series of suspended-solids concentration in Honker Bay during water year 1997","docAbstract":"Suspended-solids concentration (SSC) responds differently to seasonal variations, such as Delta outflow and wind in shallow water areas than in deep-water channels. Although San Francisco Bay includes extensive areas of shallow water, with about one-half of the surface area of the Bay being less than 2 meters deep (Conomos and Peterson, 1977), deep-water channels along the spine of San Francisco Bay, not shallow waters, are generally sampled by the Regional Monitoring Program (RMP; SFEI, 1997) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS; Buchanan and Schoellhamer, 1996; Edmunds et al., 1997; Freeman et al., 1997).
\nThe purpose of this article is to provide an example of how SSC varies in shallow water. Time series of SSC were measured at several sites in Honker Bay. Measurements were made from December 1996 to March 1997 to observe the first wintertime freshwater flood pulse pushing salinity out of Honker Bay and delivering the first flush of sediment from the Central Valley watershed to the Bay. Instruments also were deployed from April to August 1997 to measure the return of salinity to Honker Bay as freshwater flow diminished, and to measure resuspension of sediment by wind-waves. Honker Bay was chosen because of its ecological significance to many estuarine plants and animals that depend on shallow waters for shelter and nourishment (Atwater et al., 1979; Cloern et al., 1983).
\nTotal concentrations of seven trace elements measured by the RMP are well correlated with SSC (Schoellhamer, 1997a, 1997b). Thus, the spatial and temporal variability of some trace elements of concern to the RMP is analogous to the SSC variability discussed in this article.
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Somatic growth is one component of production, and we hypothesized that, if the FPC applies, growth of fishes that use the moving littoral zone should differ among years with differing flood pattern, whereas nonlittoral fishes would show no such response. Growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), species that exploit littoral resources, increased during a year having an unusual warm-season flood in the Upper Mississippi River system and was reduced during low-water years. Growth of white bass (Morone chrysops), which do not rely heavily on the littoral zone, did not differ significantly between the extreme-flood and low-water years. Patterns of growth of black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), which have intermediate dependence on the moving littoral zone, were somewhat ambiguous. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the FPC applies, at least under certain conditions, to this temperate river system. Our results can also provide an important basis from which to assess some costs and benefits of water level management strategies in large regulated temperate rivers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gutreuter, S., Bartels, A., Irons, K., and Sandheinrich, M., 1999, Evaluation of the flood-pulse concept based on statistical models of growth of selected fishes of the upper Mississippi River system: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 56, no. 12, p. 2282-2291.","productDescription":"pp. 2282-2291","startPage":"2282","endPage":"2291","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15622,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?journal=cjfas&volume=56&year=1999&issue=56&msno=f99-161&calyLang=eng","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7112.000000000000000"}],"volume":"56","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa3ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartels, A.D.","contributorId":81841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartels","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irons, K.","contributorId":20282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandheinrich, M.B.","contributorId":76263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003655,"text":"1003655 - 1999 - The 1992 epizootic of Newcastle disease in double-crested cormorants in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-02T11:23:34.544426","indexId":"1003655","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1992 epizootic of Newcastle disease in double-crested cormorants in North America","docAbstract":"In the summer of 1992, morbidity and mortality in juvenile double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus; DCC) attributable to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was observed for the first time in seven northern USA states and one Canadian province, and recurred in three western Canadian provinces. Based on clinical signs and laboratory diagnostic findings, DCC mortality from NDV occurred in 59 of the 63 nesting colonies and two of three non-colony sites investigated. An estimate of in excess of 20,000 DCC died, with mortality rates ranging from < 1 to 37% in Great Lakes colonies to 20 to 92% in Minnesota (USA) and North and South Dakota (USA) colonies. Sick juvenile white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) exhibiting signs similar to sick cormorants, and dead pelicans were observed in Minnesota and North Dakota. Mortality rates in pelican colonies were as high as in the adjacent cormorant colonies, but no cause for the mortality of an estimated 5,000 pelicans was determined. No evidence of NDV was found in other species nesting in proximity to affected cormorants. Although the source of the NDV infection is unknown in cormorants, the simultaneous onset of the epizootics in juvenile birds over a wide geographic area implies that the virus was acquired by adults prior to migration and was carried back to nest sites, exposing susceptible nestlings. The possible transmission of this virus from free-ranging wild birds to domestic poultry is a concern. Based on repeated epizootics in cormorants since 1990, NDV seems to be established in DCC.
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M.","contributorId":71124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windingstad","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Key, D.W.","contributorId":50870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bollinger, T.K.","contributorId":6392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1008152,"text":"1008152 - 1999 - Stem demography and postfire recruitment of a resprouting serotinous conifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-30T13:31:06","indexId":"1008152","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stem demography and postfire recruitment of a resprouting serotinous conifer","docAbstract":"The contribution of resprouts and seedling recruitment to post-fire regeneration of the South African fynbos conifer Widdringtonia nodiflora was compared eight months after wildfires in 1990. Stems on all trees were killed by fire but resprouting success was > 90 % at all but one site. A demographic study of burned skeletons revealed that prior to these fires, nearly all plants were multi-stemmed (4–9 stems/plant) and multi-aged, indicating continuous sprout production between fires. All stems were killed by these 1990 fires and at most sites > 90 % of the stems were burned to ground level. All diameter stems were susceptible to such incineration as, at most sites, there was no difference in average diameter of stems burned to ground level and those left standing. Individual genets usually had all ramets incinerated to ground level or all ramets charred, but intact, suggesting certain micro-sites burned hotter, whereas other sites were somewhat protected. Although not true of the 1990 fires, there was evidence that occasionallyWiddring-tonia stems may survive fire. At one site, four of the 16 plants sampled had a burned stem twice as old as the oldest burned stem on the other 12 plants at the site, suggesting some stems had survived the previous fire (ca. 1970) and this conclusion was supported by fire-scars on these four stems that dated to ca. 1970. Based on the highly significant correlation between stem diameter and cone density left standing after the 1990 fires, we calculated that for most sites > 80 % of the initial cone crop was incinerated by fire. This is important because we observed a strong relationship between size of the canopy cone crop surviving fire and post-fire seedling recruitment. Under these conditions we hypothesize that sprouting confers a selective advantage to genets when fires cause heavy losses of seed. The infrequent occurrence of sprouting in theCupressaceae suggests the hypothesis that resprouting is an apomorphic or derived trait inWiddringtonia. Data from this study suggests resprouting provides a selective advantage under severe fynbos fires, which are not only 'stand-replacing fires,’but also are intense enough to incinerate cone-bearing stems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3237162","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Keeley, M.B., and Bond, W.J., 1999, Stem demography and postfire recruitment of a resprouting serotinous conifer: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 10, no. 1, p. 69-76, https://doi.org/10.2307/3237162.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b44ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Melanie B.","contributorId":175077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keeley","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond, William J.","contributorId":81621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007884,"text":"1007884 - 1999 - Role of charred wood, heat-shock and light in germination of postfire phrygana species from the eastern Mediterranean Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-30T13:26:12","indexId":"1007884","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2118,"text":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of charred wood, heat-shock and light in germination of postfire phrygana species from the eastern Mediterranean Basin","docAbstract":"Seeds of 22 species collected from recently burned phrygana were tested for their response to fire-type cues of charred wood and heat-shock. All Cistus species were stimulated by brief heat-shock, as shown in previous studies; however, none responded to charred wood. Only one of the 22 species was stimulated by charred wood, and only in dark-inhibited seeds, and this response did not occur in the light. The lack of charred-wood-induced germination is in contrast to the substantial proportion of species with this germination response reported for mediterranean-type vegetation in California, the Cape region of South Africa, and Western Australia. Phrygana has many species with heat-shock-stimulated germination, primarily in the Fabaceae and Cistaceae. This germination cue is widespread in these two families, thus, the presence of heat-shock-stimulated germination is a result of homologous, rather than covergent, adaptations in mediterranean-climate ecosystems. Germination response to light was not randomly distributed with respect to fire-type response. Heat-shock-stimulated species were almost uniformly light neutral, in contrast to more opportunistic colonizing species with non-refractory seeds, in which half of the species responded positively or negatively to light.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/07929978.1999.10676746","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., and Babr-Keeley, M., 1999, Role of charred wood, heat-shock and light in germination of postfire phrygana species from the eastern Mediterranean Basin: Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, v. 47, no. 1, p. 11-16, https://doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1999.10676746.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe291","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Babr-Keeley, Melanie","contributorId":175076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babr-Keeley","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008026,"text":"1008026 - 1999 - Effects of avian cholera on survival of Lesser Snow geese Anser caerulescens: An experimental approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T14:28:20","indexId":"1008026","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1052,"text":"Bird Study","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of avian cholera on survival of Lesser Snow geese Anser caerulescens: An experimental approach","title":"Effects of avian cholera on survival of Lesser Snow geese Anser caerulescens: An experimental approach","docAbstract":"Avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, is one of the most important diseases affecting waterfowl in North America but little is known about the epizootiology of this disease or its impacts on annual survival rates. We ringed Lesser Snow Geese Anser caerulescens nesting at Wrangel Island, Russia and Banks Island, Canada with metal rings and individually coded plastic neck-collars or radio-transmitters to determine survival, movement and cause of death. We vaccinated half of the neck-collared and radiotagged geese to provide protection from avian cholera for up to one year following ringing and thus experimentally determine the impacts of this disease on survival. We found that vaccination did not reduce short-term survival of the experimental birds, compared with control geese. Neck-collared geese vaccinated in 1993 at Wrangel Island had higher survival during winter 1993–94 than control birds. In contrast, we found similar survival during winter 1994–95 between vaccinated and control geese neck-collared in 1994 at Wrangel and Banks Islands. Survival of radiotagged geese on wintering areas during 1994–95 was consistent with the vaccination versus control results for neck-collared geese during the same winter. However, we found that radiotagged geese that were vaccinated had better survival than control geese during winter 1995–96. We believe that harvest and avian cholera are the two principal causes of mortality for Lesser Snow Geese wintering in the Pacific Flyway and that avian cholera may be one of the factors affecting these populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00063659909477250","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M.D., Takekawa, J.Y., Baranyuk, V.V., and Orthmeyer, D.L., 1999, Effects of avian cholera on survival of Lesser Snow geese Anser caerulescens: An experimental approach: Bird Study, v. 46, p. 239-247, https://doi.org/10.1080/00063659909477250.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"247","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6249b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baranyuk, Vasily V.","contributorId":75482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baranyuk","given":"Vasily","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orthmeyer, Dennis L.","contributorId":52646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022064,"text":"70022064 - 1999 - Distribution of trace elements in streambed sediment associated with mining activities in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, USA, 1995-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022064","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of trace elements in streambed sediment associated with mining activities in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, USA, 1995-96","docAbstract":"Streambed-sediment samples were collected in the Southern Rocky Mountains physiographic province in the Upper Colorado River Basin in Colorado to characterize the occurrence and distribution of trace elements in mined and nonmined areas of the basin. During October 1995 and September 1996, streambed sediment was collected at 37 sites, and the samples were analyzed for trace elements. The ranges in concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn at mining sites generally were orders of magnitude higher than the ranges of concentrations at nonmining sites. Sampling sites located in two predominant rock types in mining areas were not significantly different (p > 0.05) for concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn. Cu was significantly different (p < 0.05) between sites in the two predominant rock types. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between main-stem sites and tributary sites. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn exceeded established guidelines for adverse effects on aquatic biota at some sites in the study area. The patterns in concentrations of Cd and Zn, Cd and Pb, and Pb and Zn were highly correlated to one another in this study. Concentrations of trace elements in the <63-??m fraction were higher than in the total particle-size fraction analysis. Comparison of reference sites to sites affected by a mine source indicated that trace- element concentrations initially increased downstream of the source and then gradually decreased in concentration with distance from the source.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s002449900484","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Deacon, J.R., and Driver, N.E., 1999, Distribution of trace elements in streambed sediment associated with mining activities in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, USA, 1995-96: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 37, no. 1, p. 7-18, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900484.","startPage":"7","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900484"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a030ce4b0c8380cd50308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deacon, J. R.","contributorId":67110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driver, N. E.","contributorId":63398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driver","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022023,"text":"70022023 - 1999 - NEOCHIM: An electrochemical method for environmental application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022023","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NEOCHIM: An electrochemical method for environmental application","docAbstract":"Ion migration and electroosmosis are the principal processes underlying electrokinetic remediation of hazardous wastes from soils. These processes are a response of charged species to an applied electrical current and they are accompanied by electrolysis of water at the electrodes through which the current is applied. Electrolysis results in the formation of OH- at the cathode and H+ at the anode. The current drives the OH- and H+ thus formed from the electrodes, through the soil and to the electrode of opposite charge. Introduction of OH- and H+ into the soil being treated modifies soil chemistry and can interfere with either the collection or immobilization of hazardous waste ions. The introduction of either OH- or H+ to the soil can be problematic to electrokinetic remediation but the problem caused by OH- has been the focus of most researchers. The problem has been addressed by flushing the OH- from the soil near the cathode or treating the soil with buffers. These treatments would apply as well to soils affected by H+. With the NEOCHIM technology, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for use as a sampling technique in exploration for buried ore deposits, OH- and H+ are retained in the inner compartment of two-compartment electrodes and are thus prevented from reaching the soil. This enables the extraction of cations and anions, including anionic forms of toxic metals such as HAsO42-. One of the principal attributes of NEOCHIM is the large volume of soil from which ions can be extracted. It is mathematically demonstrable that NEOCHIM extraction volumes can be orders of magnitude greater than volumes typically sampled in more conventional geochemical exploration methods or for environmental sampling. The technology may also be used to introduce selected ions into the soil that affect the solubility of ceratin ions present in the soil. Although field tests for mineral exploration have shown NEOCHIM extraction efficiencies of about 25-35%, laboratory experiments suggest that significantly higher efficiencies are possible. The attributes of NEOCHIM combined with relatively low cost of electrical power, indicate that the technology may be useful for remediation and monitoring of hazardous waste sites. Of particular importance is that NEOCHIM extractions affect only dissolved and electrically charged species, hence those prone to move in groundwater.The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a technology called NEOCHIM for use as a sampling technique in exploration for buried deposits. With this technology, OH- and H+ are retained in the inner compartment of two-compartment electrodes and are thus prevented from reaching the soil. This enables the extraction of cations and anions. Laboratory experiments suggest extraction efficiencies higher than 25-35%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry ISEG. Pt 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"5 October 1997 through 10 October 1997","conferenceLocation":"Vail, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00046-6","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Leinz, R.W., Hoover, D., and Meier, A.L., 1999, NEOCHIM: An electrochemical method for environmental application: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 64, no. 1-3 -3 pt 1, p. 421-434, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00046-6.","startPage":"421","endPage":"434","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206781,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00046-6"},{"id":230771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1-3 -3 pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a613fe4b0c8380cd7188b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leinz, R. W.","contributorId":89885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leinz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoover, D.B.","contributorId":37734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022022,"text":"70022022 - 1999 - Measurement of velocities with an acoustic velocity meter, one side-looking and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Romeoville, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022022","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3157,"text":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of velocities with an acoustic velocity meter, one side-looking and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Romeoville, Illinois","docAbstract":"In 1998, a prototype 300 kHz, side-looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was deployed in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC) at Romeoville, Illinois. Additionally, two upward-looking ADCP's were deployed in the same acoustic path as the side-looking ADCP and in the reach defined by the upstream and downstream acoustic velocity meter (AVM) paths. All three ADCP's were synchronized to the AVM clock at the gaging station so that data were sampled simultaneously. The three ADCP's were deployed for six weeks measuring flow velocities from 0.0 to 2.5 ft/s. Velocities measured by each ADCP were compared to AVM path velocities and to velocities measured by the other ADCP's.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement","conferenceDate":"11 March 1999 through 13 March 1999","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ, United States","usgsCitation":"Oberg, K.A., and Duncker, J.J., 1999, Measurement of velocities with an acoustic velocity meter, one side-looking and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Romeoville, Illinois: Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement.","startPage":"117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5321e4b0c8380cd6c8c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberg, Kevin A. kaoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncker, James J. 0000-0001-5464-7991 jduncker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-7991","contributorId":4316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncker","given":"James","email":"jduncker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022019,"text":"70022019 - 1999 - Environmental geology: Our professional public responsibility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022019","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental geology: Our professional public responsibility","docAbstract":"Conflicts between different interest groups for use of natural resources is one area where state geological surveys can provide assistance. A state geological survey working within the scientific constraints of specific issues can remain objective in its presentations and maintain the faith of both the conflicting interest groups and the public. One cannot vary from the objective view or you will quickly be criticized. Criticism can still occur from one side of a natural resource issue as your data might counter their views. However, the final decisions are almost always made in some legislators, or regulators, area of responsibility. The responsibility of the state geological survey is to provide the important data that will assist in making correct decisions. Should one party in the conflict become extreme in their demands, a potential compromise that is beneficial to both sides can be lost. In Kansas, the classical natural resource problem of resource/recreation in a populated area is presented as a case study. The state geological survey presented data on sand resources in the Kansas River and its valley in northeast Kansas. That information was important to both recreation and dredging interests where the political problem is a conflict of sand use as a construction material resource versus use of the alluvial river as an important recreation area, especially for canoeing. However, when a reasonable compromise was near completion in the Kansas Legislature one side, in a bold move to develop an advantage, ruined that potential for compromise.Conflicts between different interest groups for use of natural resources is one area where state geological surveys can provide assistance. A state geological survey working within the scientific constraints of specific issues can remain objective in its presentations and maintain the faith of both the conflicting interest groups and the public. In Kansas, the classical natural resource problem of resource/recreation in a populated area is presented as a case study. The state geological survey presented data on sand resources in the Kansas River and its valley in northeast Kansas. That information was important to both recreation and dredging interests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag GmbH & Company KG","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s002540050353","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Gerhard, L.C., and Brady, L.L., 1999, Environmental geology: Our professional public responsibility: Environmental Geology, v. 37, no. 1-2, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050353.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050353"},{"id":230692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09cbe4b0c8380cd52082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhard, L. C.","contributorId":30767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerhard","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, L. L.","contributorId":33711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021966,"text":"70021966 - 1999 - Landscape patterns of CH4 fluxes in an alpine tundra ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70021966","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape patterns of CH4 fluxes in an alpine tundra ecosystem","docAbstract":"We measured CH4 fluxes from three major plant communities characteristic of alpine tundra in the Colorado Front Range. Plant communities in this ecosystem are determined by soil moisture regimes induced by winter snowpack distribution. Spatial patterns of CH4 flux during the snow-free season corresponded roughly with these plant communities. In Carex-dominated meadows, which receive the most moisture from snowmelt, net CH4 production occurred. However, CH4 production in one Carex site (seasonal mean = +8.45 mg CH4 m-2 d-1) was significantly larger than in the other Carex sites (seasonal means = -0.06 and +0.05 mg CH4 m-2 d-1). This high CH4 flux may have resulted from shallower snowpack during the winter. In Acomastylis meadows, which have an intermediate moisture regime, CH4 oxidation dominated (seasonal mean = -0.43 mg CH4 m-2 d-1). In the windswept Kobresia meadow plant community, which receive the least amount of moisture from snowmelt, only CH4 oxidation was observed (seasonal mean = -0.77 mg CH4 m-2 d-1). Methane fluxes correlated with a different set of environmental factors within each plant community. In the Carex plant community, CH4 emission was limited by soil temperature. In the Acomastylis meadows, CH4 oxidation rates correlated positively with soil temperature and negatively with soil moisture. In the Kobresia community, CH4 oxidation was stimulated by precipitation. Thus, both snow-free season CH4 fluxes and the controls on those CH4 fluxes were related to the plant communities determined by winter snowpack.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1006130911046","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"West, A., Brooks, P.D., Fisk, M., Smith, L.K., Holland, E., Jaeger, C.H., Babcock, S., Lai, R., and Schmidt, S., 1999, Landscape patterns of CH4 fluxes in an alpine tundra ecosystem: Biogeochemistry, v. 45, no. 3, p. 243-264, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006130911046.","startPage":"243","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206198,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006130911046"},{"id":229091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4418e4b0c8380cd6685b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"West, A.E.","contributorId":84100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, P. D.","contributorId":46060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisk, M.C.","contributorId":24944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisk","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Lesley K.","contributorId":82657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lesley","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holland, E.A.","contributorId":7648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaeger, C. H. III","contributorId":56818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Babcock, S.","contributorId":58039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lai, R.S.","contributorId":108270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schmidt, S.K.","contributorId":58412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70021916,"text":"70021916 - 1999 - Calibrating Late Quaternary terrestrial climate signals: radiometrically dated pollen evidence from the southern Sierra Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T12:57:59","indexId":"70021916","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibrating Late Quaternary terrestrial climate signals: radiometrically dated pollen evidence from the southern Sierra Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"We constructed a radiometrically calibrated proxy record of Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate change exceeding 230,000 yr duration, using pollen profiles from two cores taken through age-equivalent dry lakes - one core having greater age control (via 230Th alpha mass-spectrometry) and the other having greater stratigraphic completeness. The better dated of these two serial pollen records (Searles Lake) served as a reference section for improving the effective radiometric age control in a nearby and more complete pollen record (Owens Lake) because they: (1) are situated ~90 km apart in the same drainage system (on, and immediately leeward of, the eastern flank of the Sierra Nevada), and (2) preserved strikingly similar pollen profiles and concordant sequences of sedimentological changes. Pollen assemblages from both lakes are well preserved and diverse, and document serial changes in Late Pleistocene and Holocene plant zone distribution and composition in the westernmost Great Basin; they consist of taxa now inhabiting montane forest, woodland, steppe, and desert-scrub environments. The studied core intervals are interpreted here to be the terrestrial equivalent of marine δ18O stages 1 through 9; these pollen profiles now appear to be among the best radiometrically dated Late Pleistocene records of terrestrial climate change known.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00111-5","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Litwin, R.J., Smoot, J.P., Durika, N.J., and Smith, G.I., 1999, Calibrating Late Quaternary terrestrial climate signals: radiometrically dated pollen evidence from the southern Sierra Nevada, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 18, no. 10-11, p. 1151-1171, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00111-5.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1171","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206301,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00111-5"},{"id":229345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"10-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f30ce4b0c8380cd4b588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litwin, Ronald J. 0000-0002-8661-1296 rlitwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-1296","contributorId":2478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litwin","given":"Ronald","email":"rlitwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoot, Joseph P. 0000-0002-5064-8070 jpsmoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-8070","contributorId":2742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Joseph","email":"jpsmoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durika, Nancy J. 0000-0001-7448-8908 ndurika@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7448-8908","contributorId":4439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durika","given":"Nancy","email":"ndurika@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":92637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":391682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021912,"text":"70021912 - 1999 - Historical trends of metals in the sediments of San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T15:04:20","indexId":"70021912","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical trends of metals in the sediments of San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Concentrations of Ag, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn were determined in six sediment cores from San Francisco Bay (SFB) and one sediment core in Tomales Bay (TB), a reference estuary. SFB cores were collected from between the head of the estuary and its mouth (Grizzly Bay, GB; San Pablo Bay, SP; Central Bay, CB; Richardson Bay, RB, respectively) and ranged in length from 150 to 250 cm. Concentrations of Cr, V and Ni are greater than mean crustal content in SFB and TB sediments, and greater than found in many other coastal sediments. However, erosion of ultramafic rock formations in the watershed appears to be the predominant source. Baseline concentrations of other metals were determined from horizons deposited before sediments were influenced by human activities and by comparing concentrations to those in TB. Baseline concentrations of Cu co-varied with Al in the SFB sediments and ranged from 23.7±1.2 μg/g to 41.4±2.4 μg/g. Baseline concentrations of other metals were less variable: Ag, 0.09±0.02 μg/g; Pb, 5.2±0.7 μg/g; Hg, 0.06±0.01 μg/g; Zn, 78±7 μg/g. The earliest anthropogenic influence on metal concentrations appeared as Hg contamination (0.3–0.4 μg/g) in sediments deposited at SP between 1850 and 1880, apparently associated with debris from hydraulic gold mining. Maximum concentrations of Hg within the cores were 20 times baseline. Greater inventories of Hg at SP and GB than at RB verified the importance of mining in the watershed as a source. Enrichment of Ag, Pb, Cu and Zn first appeared after 1910 in the RB core, later than is observed in Europe or eastern North America. Maximum concentrations of Ag and Pb were 5–10 times baseline and Cu and Zn concentrations were less than three times baseline. Large inventories of Pb to the sediments in the GB and SP cores appeared to be the result of the proximity to a large Pb smelter. Inventories of Pb at RB are similar to those typical of atmospheric inputs, although influence from the Pb smelter is also suspected. Concentrations of Hg and Pb have decreased since the 1970s (to 0.30 μg/g and 25 μg/g, respectively) and were similar among all cores in 1990. Early Ag contamination was perhaps a byproduct of the Pb smelting process, but a modern source of Ag is also indicated, especially at RB and CB.