The most accurate source of information on lake-level fluctuations in the Great Lakes is the historical record from lake-level gauges. Although it can be semiquantitatively extended back into the late 1700's, the historical record is too short to recognize long-term patterns of lake-level behavior. To extend the historical record, information must be obtained from the Great Lakes geologic record. Such information includes the elevation and age of geomorphic features and stratigraphic sequences.
One of the longest geologic records of late Holocene lake-level variation is preserved in a beach-ridge complex along the southern shore of Lake Michigan called the Toleston Beach. This strandplain contains over 150 beach ridges that arc across northwestern Indiana and fan out into northeastern Illinois. Each ridge was formed during the fall from a high lake level, and the elevation of the foreshore deposits in each ridge provides information on the upper physical limit of lake level over the past 4000 years. Three scales of quasi-periodic lake-level variation were determined by radiocarbon-dating basal peats of wetlands between the ridges and by measuring the elevation of foreshore (swash) deposits within ridges. These three scales are: (1) a short-term and small-scale fluctuation of 25 to 35 years with a range of about 0.5 to 0.6 m; (2) an intermediate-term and meso-scale fluctuation of 140 to 160 years and a range of about 0.8 to 0.9 m; and (3) a long-term and large-scale fluctuation of 500 to 600 years and a range of 1.8 to 3.7 m. The short-term and intermediate-term fluctuations are reflected in the historical record.
An increase in the rate of shoreline progradation from east to west across Indiana's shoreline causes differential preservation of the lake-level fluctuations. That is, groups of four to six ridges in the western part of the strandplain that formed in response to the small-scale fluctuations combine eastward into single ridges and groups of ridges representing the meso-scale fluctuations. The large-scale fluctuations produced the most dramatic response in the western part of the Toleston Beach. Here, following each high stand, individual spits prograded southward off of a bedrock headland. The successive spit extensions created several small lakes landward of the spits and started the 20 km eastward stream-mouth deflection of the Grand Calumet River across Indiana's western lakeshore.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(92)90048-V","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Thompson, T., 1992, Beach-ridge development and lake-level variation in southern Lake Michigan: Sedimentary Geology, v. 80, no. 3-4, p. 305-318, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(92)90048-V.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"318","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224539,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana","otherGeospatial":"southern Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.7770599367265,\n 41.975677013046834\n ],\n [\n -87.7770599367265,\n 41.56719135170678\n ],\n [\n -86.98171551883281,\n 41.56719135170678\n ],\n [\n -86.98171551883281,\n 41.975677013046834\n ],\n [\n -87.7770599367265,\n 41.975677013046834\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f032e4b0c8380cd4a646","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, T.A.","contributorId":73226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70104183,"text":"70104183 - 1992 - Geology of Keweenawan Supergroup Rocks near the Porcupine Mountains, Ontonagon and Gogebic Counties, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T11:12:58","indexId":"70104183","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T13:54:05","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geology of Keweenawan Supergroup Rocks near the Porcupine Mountains, Ontonagon and Gogebic Counties, Michigan","docAbstract":"This field trip examines the geology of rocks of the Keweenawan Supergroup (1 .1 Ga) and related intrusive rocks of the Midcontinent rift system (MRS) in the western part of the northern peninsula of Michigan. The combination of stops includes all formations of the Keweenawan Supergroup in this region. Examination of all described localities requires more than a single day and participants are encouraged to use this guidebook on their own to supplement the localities that will be visited on our one-day trip. Because of uncertainties of weather, road conditions, and remaining snow pack in early May in this region of very heavy snowfall, the stops that we will visitwill not be known until the date of the trip. Stops are numbered in stratigraphic order, from oldest to youngest, not in the order in which they will be visited.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Institute on Lake Superior Geology, proceedings of the 38th annual meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Institute on Lake Superior Geology","usgsCitation":"Cannon, W.F., Nicholson, S.W., Hedgman, C.A., Woodruff, L.G., and Schul, K.J., 1992, Geology of Keweenawan Supergroup Rocks near the Porcupine Mountains, Ontonagon and Gogebic Counties, Michigan, in Institute on Lake Superior Geology, proceedings of the 38th annual meeting, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Gogebic County;Ontonagon County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.42,41.7 ], [ -90.42,48.2 ], [ -82.41,48.2 ], [ -82.41,41.7 ], [ -90.42,41.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5371ed72e4b0844954788421","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, Suzanne W. 0000-0002-9365-1894 swnich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-1894","contributorId":880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Suzanne","email":"swnich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hedgman, Cheryl A.","contributorId":91022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedgman","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schul, Klaus J.","contributorId":77051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schul","given":"Klaus","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041605,"text":"70041605 - 1992 - Hayward fault: Large earthquakes versus surface creep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T17:28:47","indexId":"70041605","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T07:45:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Hayward fault: Large earthquakes versus surface creep","docAbstract":"The Hayward fault, thought a likely source of large earthquakes in the next few decades, has generated two large historic earthquakes (about magnitude 7), one in 1836 and another in 1868. We know little about the 1836 event, but the 1868 event had a surface rupture extending 41 km along the southern Hayward fault. Right-lateral surface slip occurred in 1868, but was not well measured. Witness accounts suggest coseismic right slip and afterslip of under a meter. We measured the spatial variation of the historic creep rate along the Hayward fault, deriving rates mainly from surveys of offset cultural features, (curbs, fences, and buildings). Creep occurs along at least 69 km of the fault's 82-km length (13 km is underwater). Creep rate seems nearly constant over many decades with short-term variations. The creep rate mostly ranges from 3.5 to 6.5 mm/yr, varying systemically along strike. The fastest creep is along a 4-km section near the south end. Here creep has been about 9mm/yr since 1921, and possibly since the 1868 event as indicated by offset railroad track rebuilt in 1869. This 9mm/yr slip rate may approach the long-term or deep slip rate related to the strain buildup that produces large earthquakes, a hypothesis supported by geoloic studies (Lienkaemper and Borchardt, 1992). If so, the potential for slip in large earthquakes which originate below the surficial creeping zone, may now be 1/1m along the southern (1868) segment and ≥1.4m along the northern (1836?) segment. Substracting surface creep rates from a long-term slip rate of 9mm/yr gives present potential for surface slip in large earthquakes of up to 0.8m. Our earthquake potential model which accounts for historic creep rate, microseismicity distribution, and geodetic data, suggests that enough strain may now be available for large magnitude earthquakes (magnitude 6.8 in the northern (1836?) segment, 6.7 in the southern (1868) segment, and 7.0 for both). Thus despite surficial creep, the fault may be ready for the recurrence of large earthquakes today. However, the timing (Williams, 1992) and size of future events may vary greatly due to uncertainties in the tectonophysical model assumed for the Hayward fault within the greater San Andreas fault system (Lisowski and Savage, 1992).
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the second conference on earthquake hazards in the eastern San Francisco Bay area: Special publication 113","conferenceTitle":"Second conference on earthquake hazards in the eastern San Francisco Bay area","conferenceDate":"March 25-29, 1992","conferenceLocation":"California State University","language":"English","publisher":"California Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J., and Borchardt, G., 1992, Hayward fault: Large earthquakes versus surface creep, in Proceedings of the second conference on earthquake hazards in the eastern San Francisco Bay area: Special publication 113, California State University, March 25-29, 1992, p. 101-110.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"110","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012989","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofsec113conf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -122.288818359375,\n 38.08268954483802\n ],\n [\n -122.1844482421875,\n 37.98750437106374\n ],\n [\n -121.9976806640625,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -121.9207763671875,\n 37.72510788462094\n ],\n [\n -121.871337890625,\n 37.67512527892127\n ],\n [\n -121.76971435546874,\n 37.59900015064849\n ],\n [\n -121.63787841796875,\n 37.4530574713902\n ],\n [\n -121.60491943359375,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -121.59393310546875,\n 37.376705278818356\n ],\n [\n -121.65710449218749,\n 37.36797435878155\n ],\n [\n -121.73950195312499,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -121.85760498046875,\n 37.470498470798724\n ],\n [\n -121.96197509765625,\n 37.56417412088097\n ],\n [\n -122.11029052734374,\n 37.67947293019486\n ],\n [\n -122.19818115234375,\n 37.790251927933284\n ],\n [\n -122.33001708984374,\n 37.94203148678865\n ],\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 38.028622234587964\n ],\n [\n -122.4591064453125,\n 38.10430528370985\n ],\n [\n -122.45635986328124,\n 38.14535757293734\n ],\n [\n -122.43438720703125,\n 38.153997218446115\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 38.134556577054134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571f3fbbe4b071321fe56a33","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Borchardt, Glenn","contributorId":34430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchardt","given":"Glenn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627636,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirschfeld, Sue E.","contributorId":58555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirschfeld","given":"Sue E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627637,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. jlienk@usgs.gov","contributorId":139574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James J.","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627638,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McClellan, Patrick H.","contributorId":83524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClellan","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627639,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, Patrick L.","contributorId":70472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627640,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wong, Ivan G.","contributorId":61068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Ivan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627641,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. jlienk@usgs.gov","contributorId":139574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James J.","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borchardt, Glenn","contributorId":34430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchardt","given":"Glenn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26065,"text":"wri914071 - 1992 - Configuration of the base of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system and hydrogeology of the underlying pre-Cretaceous rocks, west-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T10:02:55","indexId":"wri914071","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4071","title":"Configuration of the base of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system and hydrogeology of the underlying pre-Cretaceous rocks, west-central Texas","docAbstract":"The Edwards-Trinity aquifer system is underlain by an extensive complex of rocks, ranging from Late Cambrian through Late Triassic in age, that are typically about 10 to perhaps 1,000 times less permeable than those composing the aquifer system. The Cretaceous rocks of the aquifer system are separated from the pre-Cretaceous rocks by an unconformity that spans about 60 million years of erosion during the Jurassic Period. The upper surface of the pre-Cretaceous rock complex forms the base of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system. The configuration of the base reflects the original topography of the eroded pre-Cretaceous land surface plus the effects of subsequent deformation.
\nThe most permeable pre-Cretaceous rocks are in the eastern half of the study area where they compose the Hickory aquifer (in Upper Cambrian rocks), Ellenburger-San Saba aquifer (Upper Cambrian- Lower Ordovician), and Marble Falls aquifer (Lower Pennsylvanian). These aquifers are hydraulically connected to the northeastern fringe of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system, as their up-turned margins crop out around the flanks of the breached Llano uplift. The Rustler aquifer in rocks of Late Permian age underlies parts of the Trans-Pecos region, where it yields small amounts of greatly mineralized water for industrial and agricultural purposes. The Dockum aquifer in rocks of Late Triassic age directly underlies the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system in western parts of the study area, and locally increases the saturated thickness of the ground-water-flow system by an average of about 200 feet. Despite these notable exceptions, the collective effect of the pre-Cretaceous rocks is that 01 a barrier to ground-water flow, which limits the exchange of water across the base of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri914071","usgsCitation":"Barker, R.A., and Ardis, A.F., 1992, Configuration of the base of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system and hydrogeology of the underlying pre-Cretaceous rocks, west-central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4071, Document: v, 25 p.; Plate: 38.5 x 26.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914071.","productDescription":"Document: v, 25 p.; Plate: 38.5 x 26.5 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri914071.JPG"},{"id":8706,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri91-4071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8707,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri91-4071/pdf/wri91-4071-pl1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards-Trinity aquifer system","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697c66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, Rene A.","contributorId":82669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Rene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ardis, Ann F.","contributorId":96672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ardis","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58469,"text":"mf2211 - 1992 - Gloria mosaic of the deep sea floor off the Atlantic coast of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-04T21:08:24.456365","indexId":"mf2211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2211","title":"Gloria mosaic of the deep sea floor off the Atlantic coast of the United States","docAbstract":"This mosaic is a GLORIA (Geological LOng Range Inclined Asdic) view of the deep sea floor off the East Coast of the United States. It covers a surveyed region (fig. 1) of 195,000 square miles, an area nearly as large as Texas. The survey is part of a program to map the entire Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the United States and its island territories (also including Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands) carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the British Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (IOS). A detailed atlas of the East Coast data has been published (EEZ-SCAN 87 Scientific Staff, 1991), and, along with this report, provides an overall view of the morphology and texture of the sea floor in the EEZ beyond the Continental Shelf.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2211","usgsCitation":"Schlee, J.S., Dillon, W.P., Popenoe, P., Robb, J.M., and O’Leary, D.W., 1992, Gloria mosaic of the deep sea floor off the Atlantic coast of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2211, 1 Plate: 53.71 x 40.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2211.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 53.71 x 40.43 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185453,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284446,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2211/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":489666,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5842.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.0,27.5 ], [ -83.0,42.0 ], [ -67.3,42.0 ], [ -67.3,27.5 ], [ -83.0,27.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5efce4b0b290850fc098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlee, John S.","contributorId":60910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlee","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":259352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Popenoe, Peter","contributorId":62206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":259355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robb, James M.","contributorId":60225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":63396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":65115,"text":"i1942 - 1992 - Geologic map and fold- and thrust-belt interpretation of the southeastern part of the Charley River quadrangle, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T20:50:40.114424","indexId":"i1942","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1942","title":"Geologic map and fold- and thrust-belt interpretation of the southeastern part of the Charley River quadrangle, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1942","usgsCitation":"Dover, J.H., 1992, Geologic map and fold- and thrust-belt interpretation of the southeastern part of the Charley River quadrangle, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1942, Report: 14 p.; 2 Plates: 48.50 × 39.00 inches and 32.00 × 37.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1942.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 2 Plates: 48.50 × 39.00 inches and 32.00 × 37.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107195,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10016.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10016"},{"id":91472,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1942/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91471,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1942/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":189744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1942/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":100819,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1942/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Charley River quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.5,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 65.75\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 65.75\n ],\n [\n -142.5,\n 65\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a498d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dover, J. H.","contributorId":75545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68111,"text":"ha730J - 1992 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 9, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":68111,"text":"ha730J - 1992 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 9, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","indexId":"ha730J","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 9, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:55:08","indexId":"ha730J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"730","chapter":"J","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 9, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Segment 9, which consists of Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Michigan, abuts the Canadian border in the upper Midwest and lies adjacent to or surrounds four of the Great Lakes-Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie. Thousands of small to large lakes similar to the one shown in figure 1 dot the landscape, which is drained by numerous rivers and streams tributary primarily to the Mississippi River in the west and to the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River system in the east. These abundant surface-water sources represent an ample supply of water to large users, such as the cities of Milwaukee, Wis., and Detroit, Mich. However, water stored in unconsolidated and consolidated sedimentary-rock aquifers that underlie the four States also is in abundant supply and is an economical source that can be used for nearly any purpose, usually with little or no treatment. In more than 95 percent of the four-State area, these aquifers supply water to a broad spectrum of consumers-from individual households to cities, such as St. Paul, Minn., Madison, Wis., and Lansing, Mich. These aquifers are the subject of this chapter. The geology and the hydrology of each of the principal aquifers are illustrated and discussed insofar as information was available from the literature. Hydrogeology, ground-water flow, availability and quality of water, and freshwater withdrawals from each of the aquifers are the principal subjects of discussion.
Population in the four States is concentrated in the cities and is thinly dispersed in the broad agricultural areas of the States (fig. 2). Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn., Des Moines, Iowa, Milwaukee and Madison, Wis., and Detroit and Lansing, Mich., are a few of the principal cities. Many of these cities and other large population centers represent areas of concentrated ground-water withdrawals.
Precipitation is the source of all water in Segment 9. Average annual precipitation ranges from about 20 to 40 inches across the segment and generally increases from northwest to southeast (fig. 3). Precipitation is least in the northwestern part of the segment because of the orographic effect of the Rocky Mountains, which are hundreds of miles to the west. Annual precipitation in excess of 36 inches that falls south and east of Lakes Superior and Michigan (fig. 3) is a result of the prevailing westerly winds that evaporate moisture from the lakes; this moisture subsequently condenses and falls as precipitation over the land.
Average annual runoff in rivers and streams (fig. 4) generally reflects average annual precipitation patterns (fig. 3). Runoff generally increases from less than 1 to more than 20 inches. Runoff also tends to be substantial downwind from Lakes Superior and Michigan. However, in no part of the segment does runoff exceed precipitation. Much of the water from precipitation is returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration-evaporation from the land and water surfaces, and transpiration by plants. Some of the water is stored in aquifers through ground-water recharge or is stored on the land surface in lakes, marshes, and reservoirs. Runoff represents water from precipitation that runs directly off the land surface to streams and water discharged to streams that was stored in lakes, marshes, reservoirs, or aquifers.
","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha730J","isbn":"0607767588","usgsCitation":"Olcott, P.G., 1992, Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 9, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 730, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha730J.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"J1","endPage":"J31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11487,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/ha730/ch_j/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115252,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/730j/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"69.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":186516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/730j/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.161159,42.106372],[-90.172765,41.866149],[-90.364128,41.579633],[-91.050328,41.400049],[-91.113648,41.241401],[-90.955201,40.986805],[-91.448441,40.378914],[-91.785916,40.611488],[-95.746443,40.584935],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.929889,41.415155],[-96.096186,41.547192],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.628741,42.757532],[-96.448134,43.104452],[-96.598396,43.495074],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.452948,45.268925],[-96.835451,45.586129],[-96.587093,45.816445],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.789572,46.639079],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-97.139497,48.153108],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.974286,49.367738],[-94.555835,48.716207],[-93.741843,48.517347],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-91.942988,46.679939],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.398478,46.575832],[-88.982483,46.99883],[-88.400224,47.379551],[-87.816958,47.471998],[-87.730804,47.449112],[-88.349952,47.076377],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.167373,46.9588],[-87.915943,46.909508],[-87.619747,46.79821],[-87.366767,46.507303],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.188024,46.654008],[-84.964652,46.772845],[-84.969464,46.47629],[-84.177428,46.52692],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.247687,46.17989],[-83.931175,46.017871],[-83.63498,46.103953],[-83.49484,45.999541],[-84.345451,45.946569],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.820557,45.868293],[-85.047028,46.020603],[-85.528403,46.087121],[-85.663966,45.967013],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.687208,45.634253],[-86.532989,45.882665],[-86.92106,45.697868],[-87.018902,45.838886],[-88.027103,44.578992],[-87.943801,44.529693],[-87.428144,44.890738],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192],[-90.640927,42.508302]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.447236,48.182916],[-89.022736,47.858532],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-83.880387,41.720089],[-86.824828,41.76024],[-86.24971,42.480212],[-86.226305,42.988284],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.25395,44.64808],[-86.066745,44.905685],[-85.780439,44.977932],[-85.540497,45.210169],[-85.641652,44.810816],[-85.520205,44.960347],[-85.477423,44.813781],[-85.355478,45.282774],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.110884,45.526285],[-84.94565,45.708621],[-85.011433,45.757962],[-84.204218,45.627116],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.316118,45.141958],[-83.435822,45.000012],[-83.277213,44.7167],[-83.335248,44.357995],[-83.890145,43.934672],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.618602,43.628891],[-83.227093,43.981003],[-82.915976,44.070503],[-82.617955,43.768596],[-82.423086,42.988728],[-82.509935,42.637294],[-82.648776,42.550401],[-82.630922,42.64211],[-82.780817,42.652232],[-83.431103,41.757457],[-83.880387,41.720089]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olcott, Perry G.","contributorId":17249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olcott","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54851,"text":"wdrNY911 - 1992 - Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1991; Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-14T10:30:09","indexId":"wdrNY911","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NY-91-1","title":"Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1991; Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1991 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage; contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This volume contains records for water discharge at 110 gaging stations; stage only at 4 gaging stations; stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 19 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 36 gaging stations; and water levels at 22 observations wells. Locations of these sites are shown on figures 8A and 8B. Also included are data for 37 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data, together with the the data in volumes 2 and 3, represent that part of the National Water Data system collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New York.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY911","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New York and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Firda, G.D., Lumia, R., and Murray, P.M., 1992, Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1991; Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-91-1, xiii, 266 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY911.","productDescription":"xiii, 266 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363748,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/ny-91-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/ny-91-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.25,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.1,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.1,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -76.25,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Firda, Gary D. gfirda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firda","given":"Gary","email":"gfirda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, Patricia M. pmurray@usgs.gov","contributorId":4863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Patricia","email":"pmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":251766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":49586,"text":"ofr92261 - 1992 - Mineral and energy resources of the BLM Roswell Resource Area, east-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T09:35:55","indexId":"ofr92261","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-261","title":"Mineral and energy resources of the BLM Roswell Resource Area, east-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The sedimentary formations of the Roswell Resource Area have significant mineral and energy resources. Some of the pre-Pennsylvanian sequences in the Northwestern Shelf of the Permian Basin are oil and gas reservoirs, and Pennsylvanian rocks in Tucumcari basin are reservoirs of oil and gas as well as source rocks for oil and gas in Triassic rocks. Pre-Permian rocks also contain minor deposits of uranium and vanadium, limestone, and associated gases. Hydrocarbon reservoirs in Permian rocks include associated gases such as carbon dioxide, helium, and nitrogen. Permian rocks are mineralized adjacent to the Lincoln County porphyry belt, and include deposits of copper, uranium, manganese, iron, polymetallic veins, and Mississippi-valley-type (MVT) lead-zinc. Industrial minerals in Permian rocks include fluorite, barite, potash, halite, polyhalite, gypsum, anhydrite, sulfur, limestone, dolomite, brine deposits (iodine and bromine), aggregate (sand), and dimension stone. Doubly terminated quartz crystals, called \"Pecos diamonds\" and collected as mineral specimens, occur in Permian rocks along the Pecos River. Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are hosts for copper, uranium, and small quantities of gold-silver-tellurium veins, as well as significant deposits of oil and gas, COa, asphalt, coal, and dimension stone. Mesozoic rocks contain limited amounts of limestone, gypsum, petrified wood, dinosaur remains, and clays. Tertiary rocks host ore deposits commonly associated with intrusive rocks, including platinum group elements, iron skarns, manganese, uranium and vanadium, molybdenum, polymetallic vein deposits, gold-silver- tellurium veins, and thorium-rare earth veins. Museum-quality quartz crystals in Lincoln County were formed in association with intrusive rocks in the Lincoln County porphyry belt. Industrial minerals in Tertiary rocks include fluorite, vein- and bedded-barite, caliche, limestone, and aggregate. Tertiary and Quaternary sediments host important placer deposits of gold and titanium, and minor silver, uranium occurrences, as well as important industrial commodities, including caliche, limestone and dolomite, and aggregate (sand). Quaternary basalt contains sub-ore-grade uranium, scoria, and clay deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92261","usgsCitation":"1992, Mineral and energy resources of the BLM Roswell Resource Area, east-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-261, Report: 228 p.; 14 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92261.","productDescription":"Report: 228 p.; 14 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":86197,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86200,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86201,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86196,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86189,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86192,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86193,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86194,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86195,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86198,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86202,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86203,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86199,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86190,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86191,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0261/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Roswell Resource Area","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63581c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bartsch-Winkler, Susan B.","contributorId":97069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch-Winkler","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726071,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58557,"text":"mf1853F - 1992 - Metallogenic map of volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrences in Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T11:24:53","indexId":"mf1853F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1853","chapter":"F","title":"Metallogenic map of volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrences in Wyoming","docAbstract":"Volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrences of Late Archean age and Early Proterozoic age occur in metavolcanic and associated metasedimentary rocks in southeastern, eastern, and central Wyoming. Vein deposits in Archean volcanic terrane have accounted for a large part of the gold production in the State (Miners Delight, locality 8). Past production from all massive sulfide occurrences in the State is poorly known, but it probably did not exceed $13 million at current metal prices. The bulk of the production was from gold mines in the southern Wind River Range (localities 8 and 17). For the most part, the host rocks of the massive sulfide occurrences have been metamorphosed to amphibolite facies. As a result, the depositional environments are, in many cases, difficult to determine. For purposes of discussion, the occurrences are classified by geologic age.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1853F","usgsCitation":"Houston, R.S., Hausel, W., Woodfill, R., and Graff, P.J., 1992, Metallogenic map of volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrences in Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1853, 42.05 x 27.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1853F.","productDescription":"42.05 x 27.38 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1853F.JPG"},{"id":327001,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1853-F/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.1,41 ], [ -111.1,45 ], [ -104,45 ], [ -104,41 ], [ -111.1,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6286ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houston, R. S.","contributorId":93897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hausel, W.D.","contributorId":32985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hausel","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodfill, R.D.","contributorId":92750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodfill","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graff, P. J.","contributorId":55428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graff","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":59560,"text":"mf1996D - 1992 - Map, tables, and summary of fossil and isotopic age data, Mount Hayes Quadrangle, eastern Alaska range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:30:40","indexId":"mf1996D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1996","chapter":"D","title":"Map, tables, and summary of fossil and isotopic age data, Mount Hayes Quadrangle, eastern Alaska range, Alaska","docAbstract":"This report describes, summarizes, and interprets all known bedrock fossil and isotopic age studies for the Mount Hayes quadrangle, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska. The accompanying map shows the location of all known bedrock fossil and isotopic sample localities in the quadrangle on a generalized geologic base map. These fossil and isotopic age data are obtained from new studies, unpublished data of the U.S. Geological Survey, contributed unpublished data, and published data. This report is one result of a five-year mineral resource assessment of the quadrangle that was done during the summers of 1978 through 1982, with additional topical studiesin 1985 and 1986. This report is one part of a folio on the geological, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral-resource assessment studies of the quadrangle prepared as part of the Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP) of the U.S. Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1996D","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., Dutro, J.T., Lanphere, M.A., Silberling, N.J., Silva, S., Smith, T.E., and Turner, D.L., 1992, Map, tables, and summary of fossil and isotopic age data, Mount Hayes Quadrangle, eastern Alaska range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1996, Report: 43 p.; Plate: 47.71 x 35.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1996D.","productDescription":"Report: 43 p.; Plate: 47.71 x 35.50 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1996D.jpg"},{"id":310211,"rank":701,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-D/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":105166,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5589.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5589"},{"id":310212,"rank":702,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1996-D/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hayes Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147,63 ], [ -147,64 ], [ -144,64 ], [ -144,63 ], [ -147,63 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ce4b07f02db69e280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":262231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":262232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutro, J. Thomas Jr.","contributorId":102878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutro","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":262229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silberling, Norman J.","contributorId":102438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberling","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silva, Steven R.","contributorId":59102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Thomas E.","contributorId":57871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Turner, Donald L.","contributorId":11604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":59812,"text":"mf2205 - 1992 - A geochemical investigation of selected areas in Greenville and Laurens Counties, South Carolina: Implications for mineral resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-15T20:27:37.582435","indexId":"mf2205","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2205","title":"A geochemical investigation of selected areas in Greenville and Laurens Counties, South Carolina: Implications for mineral resources","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study is to geochemically evaluate three areas within the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle (see index map) that have been shown by previous studies to contain anomalously high amounts of tin. Jackson and Moore (1992) reported the presence of cassiterite (SnO2)-bearing heavy-mineral concentrates from stream sediment samples that were collected during a regional geochemical reconnaissance of the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle. The data reported here confirm identified in selected heavy-mineral concentrate samples. In addition, anomalously high concentrations of barium, beryllium, lanthanum, and thorium are also reported for parts of the same areas. No significant mineral deposits are known to occur in the study areas. There was, however, minor production of monazite from several nearby localities (Sloan, 1908), and gold was produced from deposits in the northeastern part of Greenville County and nearby Spartanburg County (McCauley and Butler, 1966). The three areas selected for resampling are located in the Inner Piedmont physiographic province of South Carolina (see index map). The generalized tectonic setting of the region and the locations of the study is just north of Greenville, S.C. Much of it is within the moderately to steeply sloped terrane of Paris Mountain State Park where elevations reach approximately 600 m. Simpsonville, S.C., is neat the center of the second study area, and the southernmost study area is near Hickory Tavern, S.C. Both the Simpsonville and Hickory Tavern study areas are in more gently rolling Piedmont terrane. Each of the sampled areas is drained by tributaries of the Enoree and Reedy Rivers. Parts of three different thrust sheets underlie the region covered by this study (fig. 1); in ascending structural position, they are the Six Mile, Paris Mountain, and Laurens thrust sheets (Nelson and others, 1987). Nelson (1988, p. 7) described the contacts between these sheets as being along unnamed faults. The rocks in and around the study areas have undergone sillimanite-muscovite-grade metamorphism (Nelson, 1988, p. 9). Nelson (1988, p. 13) reports that the Six Mile thrust sheet was metamorphosed about 344 Ma. The geology of these sheets as described in this study, including geologic contacts, rock descriptions, and unit names, generally follows that of Nelson and others (1987, 1989). Within the Paris Mountain study area, rocks of the Paris Mountain thrust sheet predominate (fig. 2) and consist of a biotite-muscovite-sillimanite schist (EZsp) that has extensive lenses of fine- to medium- grained biotite granite gneiss (Pzgp). Areas of biotite granite gneiss that occur in the southern part of the Paris Mountain study area contain extensive pegmatitic and leucogranitic phases. These pegmatitic zones consist mostly of coarse-grained microcline feldspar and quartz with minor amounts of muscovite, biotite, and garnet. Smaller pegmatite lenses (<0.5 m thick) that occur within the biotite-muscovite-sillimanite schist of the Paris Mountain study area are generally of similar mineralogy, although some contain tourmaline crystals up to 5 cm in length. The Six Mile thrust sheet underlies the northern edge of the Paris Mountain study area, where it is composed of gneissic biotitic granites of the Caesars Head Granite (figs. 1 and 2). The northwestern part of the Simpsonville study area (figs. 1 and 3), within the Paris Mountain thrust sheet, is underlain by a biotite-muscovite-sillimanite schist (EZsp) that contains lenses of biotite granite gneiss (Pzgp). In the southeastern part of the Simpsonville study area, within the Laurens thrust sheet, biotite gneiss (EZgl), biotite granite gneiss (Pzgf), and minor amphibolite (EZal) are interlayered biotite (EZgl), granite gneiss (Dgg), and amphibolite (EZal) of the Laurens thrust sheet (fig. 4).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2205","usgsCitation":"Jackson, J.C., 1992, A geochemical investigation of selected areas in Greenville and Laurens Counties, South Carolina: Implications for mineral resources: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2205, 2 Plates: 48.27 x 29.72 inches and 42.00 x 36.70 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2205.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 48.27 x 29.72 inches and 42.00 x 36.70 inches","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2205.jpg"},{"id":406790,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5837.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284442,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2205/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284443,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2205/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","datum":"National Geodetic Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Greenville County, Laurens County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.45,\n 34.625\n ],\n [\n -82.125,\n 34.625\n ],\n [\n -82.125,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -82.45,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -82.45,\n 34.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd49dce4b0b290850ef6d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, John C. jjackson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"John","email":"jjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":262638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61372,"text":"mf1994C - 1992 - Cross sections of Lower Ordovician carbonate depositional lithofacies and Mississippi Valley-type zinc-and iron-sulfide mineralization in the Caufield district, east-central part of Harrison 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Arkansas and Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:29:05","indexId":"mf1994C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1994","chapter":"C","title":"Cross sections of Lower Ordovician carbonate depositional lithofacies and Mississippi Valley-type zinc-and iron-sulfide mineralization in the Caufield district, east-central part of Harrison 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Arkansas and Missouri","docAbstract":"As part of the Harrison 1° X 2° CUSMAP study, we examined eight drill cores from the Caulfield district (see index map) in south-central Missouri. This report presents the results of the core study and cross sections and correlation diagrams compiled from the core data (cross sections A-A' and B-B' and correlation diagrams A-A' and B-B').
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1994C","isbn":"0607818859","usgsCitation":"Hayes, T.S., Palmer, J.R., and Krizanich, G., 1992, Cross sections of Lower Ordovician carbonate depositional lithofacies and Mississippi Valley-type zinc-and iron-sulfide mineralization in the Caufield district, east-central part of Harrison 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Arkansas and Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1994, Report: 15 p.; Plate: 54.45 x 41.68 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1994C.","productDescription":"Report: 15 p.; Plate: 54.45 x 41.68 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1994C.jpg"},{"id":105162,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5582.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5582"},{"id":310209,"rank":701,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1994-C/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310210,"rank":702,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1994-C/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"60000","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.16666666666667,36.06666666666667 ], [ -92.16666666666667,36.617222222222225 ], [ -92,36.617222222222225 ], [ -92,36.06666666666667 ], [ -92.16666666666667,36.06666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a3e4b07f02db49672e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Timothy S. thayes@usgs.gov","contributorId":1547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Timothy","email":"thayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":265530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, James R.","contributorId":46625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krizanich, Gary","contributorId":73703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krizanich","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44768,"text":"wri924006 - 1992 - Aquifer-test results, direction of ground-water flow, and 1984-90 annual ground-water pumpage for irrigation, lower Big Lost River Valley, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-22T09:10:51","indexId":"wri924006","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4006","title":"Aquifer-test results, direction of ground-water flow, and 1984-90 annual ground-water pumpage for irrigation, lower Big Lost River Valley, Idaho","docAbstract":"The study area (see index map of Idaho), part of the Big Lost River drainage basin, is at the northern side of the eastern Snake River Plain. The lower Big Lost River Valley extends from the confluence of Antelope Creek and the Big Lost River to about 4 mi south of Arco and encompasses about 145 mi2 (see map showing water-level contours). The study area is about 18 mi long and, at its narrowest, 4 mi wide. Arco, Butte City, and Moore, with populations of 1,016, 59, and 190, respectively, in 1990, are the only incorporated towns. The entire study area, except the extreme northwestern part, is in Butte City. The study area boundary is where alluvium and colluvium pinch out and abut against the White Knob Mountains (chiefly undifferentiated sedimentary rock with lesser amounts of volcanic rock) on the west and the Lost River Range (chiefly sedimentary rock) on the east. Gravel and sand in the valley fill compose the main aquifer. The southern boundary is approximately where Big Lost River valley fill intercalates with or abuts against basalt of the Snake River Group.
\nSpring ground-water levels and flow in the Big Lost River depend primarily on temperature and the amount and timing of precipitation within the entire drainage basin. Periods of abundant water supply and water shortages are, therefore, related to the amount of annual precipitation. Surface reservoir capacity in the valley (Mackay Reservoir, about 20 mi northwest of Moore) is only 20 percent of the average annual flow of the Big Lost River (Crosthwaite and others, 1970, p. 3). Stored surface water is generally unavailable for carryover from years of abundant water supply to help relieve drought conditions in subsequent years. Many farmers have drilled irrigation wells to supplement surface-water supplies and to increase irrigated acreage.
\nAverage annual flow of the Big Lost River below Mackay Reservoir near Mackay (gaging station 13127000, not shown) in water years 1905, 1913-14, and 1920-90 was about 224,600 acre-ft; average annual flow of the Big Lost River near Arco (gaging station 13132500; see map showing water-level contours) in water years 1947-61, 1967-80, and 1983-90 was about 79,000 acre-ft (Harenberg and others, 1991, p. 254-255). Moore Canal and East Side Ditch divert water from the Big Lost River at the Moore Diversion, 3 mi north of Moore (see map showing water-level contours) and supply water for irrigation near the margins of the valley. When water supply is average or greater, water in the Big Lost River flows through the study area and onto the Snake River Plain, where it evaporates or infiltrates into the Snake River Plain aquifer. When water supply is below average, water in the Big Lost River commonly does not reach Arco; rather, it is diverted for irrigation in the interior of the valley, evaporates, or infiltrates to the valley-fill aquifer.
\nThis report describes the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources, to collect hydrologic data needed to help address water-supply problems in the Big Lost River Valley. Work involved (1) field inventory of 81 wells, including 46 irrigation wells; (2) measurement of water levels in 154 wells in March 1991; (3) estimation of annual ground-water pumpage for irrigation from 1984 through 1990; and (4) analysis of results of an aquifer test conducted southwest of Moore. All data obtained during this study may be inspected at the U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho District office, Boise.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Bassick, M.D., and Jones, M., 1992, Aquifer-test results, direction of ground-water flow, and 1984-90 annual ground-water pumpage for irrigation, lower Big Lost River Valley, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4006, Plate: 49.07 x 32.06 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924006.","productDescription":"Plate: 49.07 x 32.06 inches","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":171514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri924006.PNG"},{"id":82075,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4006/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Butte County","city":"Arco;Butte City;Moore","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Creek;Big Lost River;Big Lost River Valley;Lost River Range;Mackay Reservoir;Snake River Plain;White Knob Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.501816,43.559247 ], [ -113.501816,43.799845 ], [ -113.199348,43.799845 ], [ -113.199348,43.559247 ], [ -113.501816,43.559247 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bassick, M. D.","contributorId":28249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassick","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, M.L.","contributorId":88731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26029,"text":"wri914033 - 1992 - Hydrogeology and ground-water chemistry of the San Andres-Glorieta aquifer in the Acoma embayment and eastern Zuni uplift, west-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T21:52:14.080068","indexId":"wri914033","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4033","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water chemistry of the San Andres-Glorieta aquifer in the Acoma embayment and eastern Zuni uplift, west-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914033","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, J.A., and Anderholm, S., 1992, Hydrogeology and ground-water chemistry of the San Andres-Glorieta aquifer in the Acoma embayment and eastern Zuni uplift, west-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4033, Report: ix, 304 p.; 2 Plates: 23.30 x 23.88 inches and 22.54 x 23.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914033.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 304 p.; 2 Plates: 23.30 x 23.88 inches and 22.54 x 23.01 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54809,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54808,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4033/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54807,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4033/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4033/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414061,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47469.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Andres-Glorieta aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.1578,\n 35.3908\n ],\n [\n -108.1578,\n 34.9581\n ],\n [\n -107.75,\n 34.9581\n ],\n [\n -107.75,\n 35.3908\n ],\n [\n -108.1578,\n 35.3908\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db62624a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, J. A.","contributorId":50941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, S. K.","contributorId":69149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4224,"text":"cir1076 - 1992 - The Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Cordova and Middleton Island quadrangles, southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T22:09:58.013268","indexId":"cir1076","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1076","title":"The Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Cordova and Middleton Island quadrangles, southern Alaska","docAbstract":"This report summarizes recent results of integrated geological, geochemical, and geophysical field and laboratory studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Cordova and Middleton Island 1°x3° quadrangles of coastal southern Alaska. Published open-file reports and maps accompanied by descriptive and interpretative texts, tables, diagrams, and pertinent references provide background information for a mineral-resource assessment of the two quadrangles.
Mines in the Cordova and Middleton Island quadrangles produced copper and byproduct gold and silver in the first three decades of the 20th century. The quadrangles may contain potentially significant undiscovered resources of precious and base metals (gold, silver, copper, zinc, and lead) in veins and massive sulfide deposits hosted by Cretaceous and Paleogene sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Resources of manganese also may be present in the Paleogene rocks; uranium resources may be present in Eocene granitic rocks; and placer gold may be present in beach sands near the mouth of the Copper River, in alluvial sands within the canyons of the Copper River, and in smaller alluvial deposits underlain by rocks of the Valdez Group. Significant coal resources are present in the Bering River area, but difficult access and structural complexities have discouraged development. Investigation of numerous oil and gas seeps near Katalla in the eastern part of the area led to the discovery of a small, shallow field from which oil was produced between 1902 and 1933. The field has been inactive since, and subsequent exploration and drilling onshore near Katalla in the 1960's and offshore near Middleton Island on the outer continental shelf in the 1970's and 1980's was not successful.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1076","usgsCitation":"Winkler, G., Plafker, G., Goldfarb, R., and Case, J.E., 1992, The Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Cordova and Middleton Island quadrangles, southern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1076, iii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1076.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":31338,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1076/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":410124,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24028.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cordova and Middleton Island quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 61\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winkler, Gary R.","contributorId":75513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Gary R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, J. E.","contributorId":56625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":20633,"text":"ofr91490 - 1992 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20633,"text":"ofr91490 - 1992 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia","indexId":"ofr91490","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2590,"text":"wsp2401 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia","indexId":"wsp2401","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2590,"text":"wsp2401 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia","indexId":"wsp2401","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the eastern shore, Virginia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T17:23:53.762058","indexId":"ofr91490","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-490","title":"Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr91490","usgsCitation":"Richardson, D.L., 1992, Hydrogeology and analysis of the ground-water-flow system of the Eastern Shore, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-490, Report: viii, 118 p.; 1 Plate: 36.07 x 29.33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91490.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 118 p.; 1 Plate: 36.07 x 29.33 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0490/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":382990,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0490/Plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":382989,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0490/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Shore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 37.98750437106374\n ],\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 37.98750437106374\n ],\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 36.923547681089296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627743","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, Donna L.","contributorId":54572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42060,"text":"ofr92102 - 1992 - Potentiometric surface of the surficial aquifer system, deep zone in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T19:15:14.774028","indexId":"ofr92102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-102","title":"Potentiometric surface of the surficial aquifer system, deep zone in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92102","usgsCitation":"Kane, R.L., 1992, Potentiometric surface of the surficial aquifer system, deep zone in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida, May 1-5, 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-102, 1 Plate: 17.53 × 25.78 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92102.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 17.53 × 25.78 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":389981,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18234.htm"},{"id":79810,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0102/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Palm Beach County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.485,\n 26.3330\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 26.3330\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 26.971\n ],\n [\n -80.485,\n 26.971\n ],\n [\n -80.485,\n 26.3330\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db6828ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Richard L. rkane@usgs.gov","contributorId":2034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Richard","email":"rkane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":225889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29940,"text":"wri914025 - 1992 - Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Merrimack and coastal river basins, southeastern New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-24T14:56:42","indexId":"wri914025","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4025","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Merrimack and coastal river basins, southeastern New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Communities in the lower Merrimack River basin and coastal river basins of southeastern New Hampshire are experiencing increased demands for water because of a rapid increase in population. The population in 1987 was 225,495 and is expected to increase by 30 percent during the next decade. As of 1987, five towns used the stratified-drift aquifers for municipal supply and withdrew an estimated 6 million gallons per day. Four towns used the bedrock aquifer for municipal supply and withdrew an average of 1 .6 million gallons per day. Stratified-drift deposits cover 78 of the 327 square miles of the study area. These deposits are generally less than 10 square miles in areal extent, and their saturated thickness ranges front less than 20 feet to as much as 100 feet . Transinissivity exceeds 4,000 square feet per day in several locations. Stratified-drift aquifers in the eastern part are predominantly small ice-contact deposits surrounded by marine sediments or till of low hydraulic conductivity. Stratified-drift aquifers in the western part consist of ice-contact and proglacial deposits that are large in areal extent and are commonly in contact with surface-water bodies. Five stratified-drift aquifers, in the towns of Derry, Windham, Kingston, North Hampton, and Greenland, have the greatest potential to supply additional amounts of water. Potential yields and contributing areas of hypothetical supply wells were estimated for an aquifer in Windham near Cobbetts Pond and for an aquifer in Kingston along the Powwow River by use of a method analogous to superposition in conjunction with a numerical ground-waterflow model. The potential yield is estimated to be 0 .6 million gallons per day for the Windham-Cobbetts Pond aquifer and 4 .0 million gallons per day for the Kingston-Powwow River aquifer. Contributing recharge area for supply wells is estimated to be 1.6 square miles in the Windham-Cobbetts Pond aquifer and 4.9 square miles in the Kingston-Powwow River aquifer. Analyses of water samples from 30 wells indicate that the water quality in the basins studied is generally suitable for drinking and other domestic purposes. Concentrations of iron and manganese exceeded the U.S . Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) and the New Hampshire Water Supply Engineering Bureau's secondary maximum contaminant levels for drinking water in 20 samples. With one exception, concentrations of volatile organic compounds at all wells sampled met New Hampshire Water Supply and Engineering Bureau's drinking-water standards. At one well, trichloroethylene was detected at a concentration of 5.7 micrograms per liter. Ground-water contamination has been detected at several hazardous-waste sites in the study area. Currently, 5 sites are on the USEPA's National Priority List of superfund sites, 10 sites are Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 sites, and 1 site is a Department of Defense hazardous-waste site of stratigraphic layers is a product of a material's density and the velocity at which sound travels through that material . The reflected signals return to the hydrophones at the water surface and are then filtered, amplified, and displayed graphically on the chart recorder to allow interpretation of aquifer stratigraphy and bedrock depths. Lithologic data from nearby wells and test holes were used as control points to check the interpretation of the reflection profiles. Test drilling was done at 66 locations (pls . 1-3) to determine sediment grain size, stratigraphy, depth to water table, depth to bedrock, and ground water quality . A 6-inch-diameter, hollow-stem auger was used for test drilling . Split-spoon samples of subsurface materials collected at specific depths were used to evaluate the grain-size characteristics and identify the stratigraphic sequence of materials comprising the aquifers . Thirty-eight test holes cased with a 2-inch-diameter polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) pipe and slotted screens were used to make ground-water-level measurements and collect ground-water-quality samples. Surface-water-discharge measurements were made at 16 sites during low flow when the surface water is primarily ground-water discharge . These low-flow measurements indicate quantities of ground water potentially available from aquifers. Hydraulic conductivities of aquifer materials were estimated from grain-size-distribution data from 61 samples of stratified drift . Transmissivity was estimated from well logs by assigning hydraulic conductivity to specific well-log intervals, multiplying by the saturated thickness of the interval, and summing the results . Additional transmissivity values were obtained from an analysis of specific capacity and aquifer-test data. Long-term aquifer yields and contributing areas to hypothetical supply wells were estimated by application of a method that is analogous to super position and incorporates a ground-water-flow model developed by McDonald and Harbaugh (1988) . This method was applied to two aquifers judged to have the best potential for providing additional ground-water supplies. Samples of ground water from 26 test wells and 4 municipal wells were collected in March and August 1987 for analysis of common inorganic, organic, and volatile organic constituents. Methods for collecting and analyzing the samples are described by Fishman and Freidman (1989) . The water-quality results from the well samples were used to characterize background water quality in the stratified-drift aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Bow, NH","doi":"10.3133/wri914025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Water Resources Division","usgsCitation":"Stekl, P.J., and Flanagan, S., 1992, Geohydrology and water quality of stratified-drift aquifers in the lower Merrimack and coastal river basins, southeastern New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4025, Report: vii, 75, A-18 p.; 7 Plates: 42.02 x 53.15 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914025.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 75, A-18 p.; 7 Plates: 42.02 x 53.15 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[{"id":637,"text":"Water Resources of New Hampshire and Vermont","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2420,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri914025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_91_4025.jpg"},{"id":266398,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":266399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":266400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":266401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":266402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-5.pdf"},{"id":266403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-6.pdf"},{"id":266404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/plate-7.pdf"},{"id":266397,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4025/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Merrimack River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.5,42.5 ], [ -71.5,43.25 ], [ -70.5,43.25 ], [ -70.5,42.5 ], [ -71.5,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stekl, Peter J.","contributorId":63415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stekl","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flanagan, Sarah M.","contributorId":8492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":35932,"text":"b1921 - 1992 - Text and References To Accompany \"Map Showing the Thickness and Character of Quaternary Sediments in the Glaciated United States East of the Rocky Mountains\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"b1921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1921","title":"Text and References To Accompany \"Map Showing the Thickness and Character of Quaternary Sediments in the Glaciated United States East of the Rocky Mountains\"","docAbstract":"A 1:1,000,000-scale map of Quaternary deposits has been compiled for the glaciated area of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains (that is, the area covered by the Laurentide ice sheets). Parts of southern Ontario, areas beneath the Great Lakes, and parts of the submerged eastern seaboard are also included on the map. The map has three components that, together, provide the first regional three-dimensional view of these deposits. These map components are the surface distribution of Quaternary sediments, the total thickness of Quaternary sediments, and the distribution of significant buried Quaternary units. For many areas, this is the first map of Quaternary sediment thickness published at any scale. This report provides supporting information for the map, preliminary interpretations of sediment distribution, and the list of geologic sources used to generate the map.\r\n\r\nWithin the mapped area, there is a particular need for three-dimensional geologic mapping to support decisions on water resources and land use. Approximately 40 percent of the U.S. population resides within the mapped area, which is less than one-quarter the size of the conterminous United States. This map is intended to supplement the more detailed mapping on which it is based and is designed to be a regional planning tool.\r\n\r\nThrough the Pleistocene, large deposits of thick glacial sediment accumulated between certain late Wisconsinan glacial lobes, on bedrock topographic highs, whereas relatively thin deposits generally accumulated in the adjacent bedrock lowlands occupied by drainage and ice lobes. The lithology of the bedrock and its resistance to erosion in part controlled the patterns of ice lobation and the distribution of thick sediment. On a local scale, the spatial relation of these sediment masses to ice lobation has been suggested in places, and a regional correlation may have been assumed. This map provides the first comprehensive, regional view of glacial sediment thickness to permit such a correlation to be assessed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/b1921","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 1992, Text and References To Accompany \"Map Showing the Thickness and Character of Quaternary Sediments in the Glaciated United States East of the Rocky Mountains\": U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1921, v, 76 p. + figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1921.","productDescription":"v, 76 p. + figures","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10887,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1921/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":252050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1921/report-thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,36 ], [ -114,50 ], [ -66,50 ], [ -66,36 ], [ -114,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":215464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4348,"text":"cir1077 - 1992 - Mineral resource assessment of the Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-30T19:04:49.936203","indexId":"cir1077","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1077","title":"Mineral resource assessment of the Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","docAbstract":"The Dillon 1°x2° quadrangle in southwestern Montana and east-central Idaho was investigated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP) to determine its mineral resource potential. An interdisciplinary study was made of geology, geochemistry, geophysics (gravity and aeromagnetics), remote sensing, and mineral deposits. The results of those studies, as well as mineral resource assessment of numerous mineraldeposit types, are published separately as a folio of maps. This report summarizes the studies, provides background information on them, and presents a selected bibliography relevant to the geology and mineral resources of the quadrangle.
The quadrangle contains large resources of gold and substantial resources of talc and chlorite, all of which were being mined in the 1980's and early 1990's. Submarginal resources of molybdenum, copper, tungsten, and iron range from moderately large to large. Other commodities that may be present in significant amounts are chromite, lead, zinc, silver, barite, zeolite minerals, and various nonmetallic metamorphic minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir1077","usgsCitation":"Pearson, R.C., Trautwein, C., Ruppel, E.T., Hanna, W.F., Rowan, L.C., Loen, J., and Berger, B.R., 1992, Mineral resource assessment of the Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1077, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1077.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390060,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24130.htm"},{"id":31457,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1077/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cfa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearson, Robert Carl","contributorId":50876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trautwein, C. M.","contributorId":86748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppel, E. T.","contributorId":6041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loen, J. S.","contributorId":81886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loen","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Berger, B. R.","contributorId":77914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":38344,"text":"pp1551F - 1992 - The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October, 17, 1989: Marina District","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T21:26:35.528927","indexId":"pp1551F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1551","chapter":"F","title":"The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October, 17, 1989: Marina District","docAbstract":"During the earthquake, a total land area of about 4,300 km2 was shaken with seismic intensities that can cause significant damage to structures. The area of the Marina District of San Francisco is only 4.0 km2--less than 0.1 percent of the area most strongly affected by the earthquake--but its significance with respect to engineering, seismology, and planning far outstrips its proportion of shaken terrain and makes it a centerpiece for lessons learned from the earthquake. \r\n\r\nThe Marina District provides perhaps the most comprehensive case history of seismic effects at a specific site developed for any earthquake. The reports assembled in this chapter, which provide an account of these seismic effects, constitute a unique collection of studies on site, as well as infrastructure and societal, response that cover virtually all aspects of the earthquake, ranging from incoming ground waves to the outgoing airwaves used for emergency communication. \r\n\r\nThe Marina District encompasses the area bounded by San Francisco Bay on the north, the Presidio on the west, and Lombard Street and Van Ness Avenue on the south and east, respectively. Nearly all of the earthquake damage in the Marina District, however, occurred within a considerably smaller area of about 0.75 km2, bounded by San Francisco Bay and Baker, Chestnut, and Buchanan Streets. \r\n\r\nAt least five major aspects of earthquake response in the Marina District are covered by the reports in this chapter: (1) dynamic site response, (2) soil liquefaction, (3) lifeline performance, (4) building performance, and (5) emergency services.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1551F","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"O'Rourke, T., Bonilla, M.G., Boatwright, J., Seekins, L.C., Fumal, T.E., Liu, H., Mueller, C.S., Warrick, R.E., Westerlund, R.E., Sembera, E.D., Wennerberg, L., Stewart, H.E., Hussein, A.K., Bardet, J.#., Kapuskar, M., Martin, G.R., Proubet, J., Taylor, H.T., Cameron, J., Vahdani, S., Yap, H., Pease, J.W., Harris, S.K., Egan, J.A., Scawthorn, C.R., Porter, K.A., and Blackburn, F.T., 1992, The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October, 17, 1989: Marina District: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1551, v, 215 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1551F.","productDescription":"v, 215 p.","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1551_f.jpg"},{"id":3430,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1551/pp1551f/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":426339,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76954.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Marina district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.41083617622391,\n 37.81581661285435\n ],\n [\n -122.45285929813167,\n 37.81581661285435\n ],\n [\n -122.45285929813167,\n 37.799775547269434\n ],\n [\n -122.41083617622391,\n 37.799775547269434\n ],\n [\n -122.41083617622391,\n 37.81581661285435\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5614","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"O'Rourke, Thomas D.","contributorId":52243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Rourke","given":"Thomas D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749301,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"O'Rourke, Thomas D.","contributorId":52243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Rourke","given":"Thomas D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":895979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonilla, M. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92313","usgsCitation":"Foster, H.L., 1992, Geologic map of the eastern Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-313, Report: 26 p.; 1 Plate: 42.33 × 28.22 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92313.","productDescription":"Report: 26 p.; 1 Plate: 42.33 × 28.22 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46285,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0313/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46286,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0313/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":397616,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19146.htm"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"eastern Yukon-Tenana region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.267,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 65.7940\n ],\n [\n -149.267,\n 65.7940\n ],\n [\n -149.267,\n 63\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688aca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Helen Laura","contributorId":6077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39787,"text":"pp1408B - 1992 - Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-19T15:48:56","indexId":"pp1408B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1408","chapter":"B","title":"Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"The Snake River Plain in southern Idaho is a major geologic \nstructure of uncertain origin. Surface geology is generally well \ndefined, but subsurface geology is poorly defined below about \n500 feet. Rocks that underlie the plain form the framework for a \nregional ground-water system that supplies large quantities of \nwater for irrigation and makes the plain nationally important in \nterms of agricultural production.\nThe 15,600-square-mile Snake River Plain is a grabenlike \nstructure that formed in middle Miocene time. The graben may \nhave been formed by oblique extensional forces resulting from \ninteractions between the North American and Pacific tectonic \nplates. The oldest known rocks underlying the plain, penetrated \nin a 14,007-foot-deep test hole northwest of Boise, are of middle \nMiocene age. Miocene volcanic rocks at the plain's margin that \ndip toward and underlie the plain were highly faulted and se- \nverely eroded before the plain was formed.\nFaults along the margins of the eastern part of the plain are \nnot visible at land surface and have been defined chiefly by geo- \nphysical methods. However, well-defined fault systems bound \nthe western part of the plain.\nThe eastern plain is underlain predominantly by Quaternary \nbasalt of the Snake River Group, which is intercalated with \nsedimentary rocks along the margins. Basalt crops out or is less \nthan 10 feet below land surface in the central part of the east- \nern plain and is usually less than 100 feet below land surface \nelsewhere. Geophysical data and drillers' logs indicate that \nQuaternary basalt in the central part of the eastern plain is as \nmuch as 5,000 feet thick. A test hole about 10 miles northeast \nof the Snake River near Wendell provided the first information \nabout deep subsurface stratigraphic relations in that part of the \nplain. The stratigraphic sequence penetrated in the test hole is \nsimilar to that in the north wall of the Snake River canyon be- \ntween Milner and King Hill. In that area, basalt of the Snake \nRiver Group thins toward the river and is underlain by sedi- \nmentary rocks and basalt of the Tertiary and Quaternary Idaho \nGroup.\nThe western plain is underlain mainly by unconsolidated and \nweakly consolidated Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary rocks \nas much as 5,000 feet thick. Basalt also is present in the west- \nern plain and is most extensive near Mountain Home.\nQuaternary basalt of the Snake River Group, which composes \nmuch of the Snake River Plain regional aquifer system, is highly \ntransmissive. In the eastern plain, a thick sequence of thin- \nlayered basalt flows yields large volumes of water to wells. Wells \nopen to less than 100 feet of the aquifer yield as much as 7,000 \ngallons per minute; yields of 2,000 to 3,000 gallons per minute \nwith only a few feet of drawdown are common. Transmissivity\ncommonly exceeds 100,000 feet squared per day and, in places, 1 \nmillion feet squared per day.\nLarge springs in the Snake River canyon between Milner and \nKing Hill issue at the contact between highly transmissive pil- \nlow lava and less transmissive underlying rocks. In 1980, \nground-water discharge between Milner and King Hill, largely \nspring flow, averaged about 6,000 cubic feet per second.\nIn the western plain, coarse-grained sedimentary deposits are \nthickest and transmissivity is highest along the northern mar- \ngins. The percentage of coarse-grained sedimentary deposits de- \ncreases to the southwest, where lacustrine sedimentary deposits \npredominate.\nIn most of the eastern plain, the upper part of the ground- \nwater system is unconfined. At depth and in much of the west- \nern plain, aquifers are confined.\nAcross most of the plain, Quaternary basalt aquifers overlie \naquifers in the Tertiary Idavada Volcanics and Banbury Basalt \nof the Idaho Group. The older volcanic rocks are typically much \nless transmissive than the Quaternary basalt. Faults and frac- \ntures are permeable zones for water storage and conduits for \nwater movement. In places near the margins of the plain, the \nIdavada Volcanics contains important geothermal aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp1408B","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, R., 1992, Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1408, Report: vi, 32 p.; 6 Plates: 37.02 x 20.13 and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1408B.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 32 p.; 6 Plates: 37.02 x 20.13 and smaller","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":97417,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/plate-1.pdf","size":"5843","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":97419,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/plate-3.pdf","size":"2682","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":97420,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/plate-4.pdf","size":"1247","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":97421,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/plate-5.pdf","size":"1137","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":97422,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/plate-6.pdf","size":"2015","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":97418,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/plate-2.pdf","size":"1929","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67662,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1408b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -111.0,45.0 ], [ -117.0,45.0 ], [ -117.0,42.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8eab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, R.L.","contributorId":34891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20671,"text":"ofr92448 - 1992 - Inventory of metal mines and occurrence associated with the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States; II, occurrence descriptions and summary tables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr92448","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-448","title":"Inventory of metal mines and occurrence associated with the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States; II, occurrence descriptions and summary tables","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr92448","usgsCitation":"Robinson, and Sears, C., 1992, Inventory of metal mines and occurrence associated with the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States; II, occurrence descriptions and summary tables: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-448, 190 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92448.","productDescription":"190 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0448/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50195,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0448/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c6e4b07f02db540002","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":8479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sears, C.M.","contributorId":36944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sears","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}