The last major phase of lunar volcanism produced extensive high-titanium mare deposits on the western nearside which remain unsampled by landing missions. The visible and near-infrared reflectance properties of these basalts are examined using Clementine multispectral images to better constrain their mineralogy. A much stronger 1 μm ferrous absorption was observed for the western high-titanium basalts than within earlier maria, suggesting that these last major mare eruptions also may have been the most iron-rich. These western basalts also have a distinctly long-wavelength, 1 μm ferrous absorption which was found to be similar for both surface soils and materials excavated from depth, supporting the interpretation of abundant olivine within these deposits. Spectral variation along flows within the Imbrium basin also suggests variations in ilmenite content along previously mapped lava flows as well as increasing olivine content within subsequent eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001387","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Staid, M., and Pieters, C., 2001, Mineralogy of the last lunar basalts: Results from Clementine: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E11, p. 27887-27900, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001387.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"27887","endPage":"27900","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478925,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000je001387","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"106","issue":"E11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ad8e4b0c8380cd6f181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staid, M.I.","contributorId":76505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staid","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pieters, C.M.","contributorId":48733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieters","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":397662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023538,"text":"70023538 - 2001 - Seismic response of the katmai volcanoes to the 6 December 1999 magnitude 7.0 Karluk Lake earthquake, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023538","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic response of the katmai volcanoes to the 6 December 1999 magnitude 7.0 Karluk Lake earthquake, Alaska","docAbstract":"A sudden increase in earthquake activity was observed beneath volcanoes in the Katmai area on the Alaska Peninsula immediately following the 6 December 1999 magnitude (Mw) 7.0 Karluk Lake earthquake beneath southern Kodiak Island, Alaska. The observed increase in earthquake activity consisted of small (ML < 1.3), shallow (Z < 5.0 km) events. These earthquakes were located beneath Mount Martin, Mount Mageik, Trident Volcano, and the Katmai caldera and began within the coda of the Karluk Lake mainshock. All of these earthquakes occurred in areas and magnitude ranges that are typical for the background seismicity observed in the Katmai area. Seismicity rates returned to background levels 8 to 13 hours after the Karluk Lake mainshock. The close temporal relationship with the Karluk Lake mainshock, the onset of activity within the mainshock coda, and the simultaneous increase beneath four separate volcanic centers all suggest these earthquakes were remotely triggered. Modeling of the Coulomb stress changes from the mainshock for optimally oriented faults suggests negligible change in static stress beneath the Katmai volcanoes. This result favors models that involve dynamic stresses as the mechanism for triggered seismicity at Katmai.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000054","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Power, J., Moran, S., McNutt, S., Stihler, S., and Sanchez, J., 2001, Seismic response of the katmai volcanoes to the 6 December 1999 magnitude 7.0 Karluk Lake earthquake, Alaska: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 1, p. 57-63, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000054.","startPage":"57","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207470,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000054"},{"id":232451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b5be4b08c986b317788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Power, J.A.","contributorId":20765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, S.C. 0000-0001-7308-9649","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":78896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNutt, S.R.","contributorId":26722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stihler, S.D.","contributorId":42616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sanchez, J.J.","contributorId":39168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023305,"text":"70023305 - 2001 - Historical effects of El Nino and La Nina events on the seasonal evolution of the montane snowpack in the Columbia and Colorado River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T17:07:22","indexId":"70023305","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical effects of El Nino and La Nina events on the seasonal evolution of the montane snowpack in the Columbia and Colorado River Basins","docAbstract":"Snow‐water equivalent (SWE) data measured at several hundred montane sites in the western United States are used to examine the historic effects of El Nino and La Nina events on seasonal snowpack evolution in the major subbasins in the Columbia and Colorado River systems. Results are used to predict annual runoff. In the Columbia River Basin, there is a general tendency for decreased SWE during El Nino years and increased SWE in La Nina years. However, the SWE anomalies for El Nino years are much less pronounced. This occurs in part because midlatitude circulation anomalies in El Nino years are located 35° east of those in La Nina years. This eastward shift is most evident in midwinter, at which time, SWE anomalies associated with El Nino are actually positive in coastal regions of the Columbia River Basin. In the Colorado River Basin, mean anomalies in SWE and annual runoff during El Nino years depict a transition between drier‐than‐average conditions in the north, and wetter‐than‐average conditions in the southwest. Associations during La Nina years are generally opposite those in El Nino years. SWE anomalies tend to be more pronounced in spring in the Lower Colorado River Basin. Our predictions of runoff reveal modest skill for scenarios using only historic El Nino and La Nina information. Predictions based on the water stored in the seasonal snowpack are, in almost all cases, much higher than those based on El Nino‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) information alone. However, combining observed midwinter snow conditions with information on seasonal snowpack evolution associated with ENSO improves predictions for basins in which ENSO signals exhibit strong seasonality.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900305","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., Serreze, M.C., and McCabe, G., 2001, Historical effects of El Nino and La Nina events on the seasonal evolution of the montane snowpack in the Columbia and Colorado River Basins: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 3, p. 741-757, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900305.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"741","endPage":"757","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a318be4b0c8380cd5dff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Martyn P.","contributorId":21445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Martyn P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Serreze, Mark C.","contributorId":98491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serreze","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023737,"text":"70023737 - 2001 - Transport and fate of organic wastes in groundwater at the Stringfellow hazardous waste disposal site, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:32:04","indexId":"70023737","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and fate of organic wastes in groundwater at the Stringfellow hazardous waste disposal site, southern California","docAbstract":"In January 1999, wastewater influent and effluent from the pretreatment plant at the Stringfellow hazardous waste disposal site were sampled along with groundwater at six locations along the groundwater contaminant plume. The objectives of this sampling and study were to identify at the compound class level the unidentified 40–60% of wastewater organic contaminants, and to determine what organic compound classes were being removed by the wastewater pretreatment plant, and what organic compound classes persisted during subsurface waste migration. The unidentified organic wastes are primarily chlorinated aromatic sulfonic acids derived from wastes from DDT manufacture. Trace amounts of EDTA and NTA organic complexing agents were discovered along with carboxylate metabolites of the common alkylphenolpolyethoxylate plasticizers and nonionic surfactants. The wastewater pretreatment plant removed most of the aromatic chlorinated sulfonic acids that have hydrophobic neutral properties, but the p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid which is the primary waste constituent passed through the pretreatment plant and was discharged in the treated wastewaters transported to an industrial sewer. During migration in groundwater, p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid is removed by natural remediation processes. Wastewater organic contaminants have decreased 3- to 45-fold in the groundwater from 1985 to 1999 as a result of site remediation and natural remediation processes. The chlorinated aromatic sulfonic acids with hydrophobic neutral properties persist and have migrated into groundwater that underlies the adjacent residential community.
We report a survey of micro satellite DNA variation in Atlantic salmon from the unimpounded lower reaches of Maine's Penobscot River. Our analysis indicates that Atlantic salmon in the Penobscot River are distinct from other populations that have little or no history of human-mediated repopulation, including two of its tributaries, Cove Brook and Kenduskeag Stream, another Maine river, the Ducktrap, and Canada's Miramichi and Gander rivers. Significant heterogeneity was detected in allele frequency among all three subpopulations sampled in the Penobscot drainage. The high resolution of the 12-locus suite was quantified using maximum likelihood assignment tests, which correctly identified the source of 90.4-96.1% of individuals from within the Penobscot drainage. Current populations are clearly isolated from each other, however we are unable to determine from the present data whether the populations in Cove Brook and Kenduskeag Stream are recently diverged from populations stocked into the Penobscot River over the last century, or are aboriginal in origin. The degree of population structure identified in the Penobscot drainage is noteworthy in light of its lengthy history of systematic restocking, the geographic proximity of the subpopulations, and the extent of the differentiation. Similar population structure on this extremely limited geographic scale could exist among Atlantic salmon runs elsewhere in Maine and throughout the species' range and should be taken into account for future management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1011580217381","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Spidle, A., Bane, S.W., Lubinski, B., and King, T., 2001, Fine-scale population structure in Atlantic salmon from Maine's Penobscot River drainage: Conservation Genetics, v. 2, no. 1, p. 11-24, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011580217381.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207356,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011580217381"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1026e4b0c8380cd53b50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spidle, A.P.","contributorId":93429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spidle","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bane, Schill W.","contributorId":66448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bane","given":"Schill","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lubinski, B.A.","contributorId":58598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubinski","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, T.L.","contributorId":93416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023343,"text":"70023343 - 2001 - Timescales for nitrate contamination of spring waters, northern Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T19:38:10","indexId":"70023343","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timescales for nitrate contamination of spring waters, northern Florida, USA","docAbstract":"Residence times of groundwater, discharging from springs in the middle Suwannee River Basin, were estimated using chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium (3H), and tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) age-dating methods to assess the chronology of nitrate contamination of spring waters in northern Florida. During base-flow conditions for the Suwannee River in 1997–1999, 17 water samples were collected from 12 first, second, and third magnitude springs discharging groundwater from the Upper Floridan aquifer. Extending age-dating techniques, using transient tracers to spring waters in complex karst systems, required an assessment of several models [piston-flow (PFM), exponential mixing (EMM), and binary-mixing (BMM)] to account for different distributions of groundwater age. Multi-tracer analyses of four springs yielded generally concordant PFM ages of around 20±2 years from CFC-12, CFC-113, 3H, and 3He, with evidence of partial CFC-11 degradation. The EMM gave a reasonable fit to CFC-113, CFC-12, and 3H data, but did not reproduce the observed 3He concentrations or 3H/3He ratios, nor did a combination PFM–EMM. The BMM could reproduce most of the multi-tracer data set only if both endmembers had 3H concentrations not much different from modern values. CFC analyses of 14 additional springs yielded apparent PFM ages from about 10 to 20 years from CFC-113, with evidence of partial CFC-11 degradation and variable CFC-12 contamination. While it is not conclusive, with respect to the age distribution within each spring, the data indicate that the average residence times were in the order of 10–20 years and were roughly proportional to spring magnitude. Applying similar models to recharge and discharge of nitrate based on historical nitrogen loading data yielded contrasting trends for Suwanee County and Lafayette County. In Suwanee County, spring nitrate trends and nitrogen isotope data were consistent with a peak in fertilizer input in the 1970s and a relatively high overall ratio of artificial fertilizer/manure; whereas in Lafayette County, spring nitrate trends and nitrogen isotope data were consistent with a more monotonic increase in fertilizer input and relatively low overall ratio of artificial fertilizer/manure. The combined results of this study indicate that the nitrate concentrations of springs in the Suwannee River basin have responded to increased nitrogen loads from various sources in the watersheds over the last few decades; however, the responses have been subdued and delayed because the average residence time of groundwater discharging from springs are in the order of decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00321-7","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Böhlke, J., and Hornsby, H., 2001, Timescales for nitrate contamination of spring waters, northern Florida, USA: Chemical Geology, v. 179, no. 1-4, p. 167-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00321-7.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"186","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00321-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 30.334953881988564\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 30.278044377800153\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 30.240086360983426\n ],\n [\n -85.6494140625,\n 29.935895213372444\n ],\n [\n -85.45166015624999,\n 29.592565403314087\n ],\n [\n -85.0341796875,\n 29.592565403314087\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 29.783449456820605\n ],\n [\n -84.17724609375,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -83.8916015625,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 29.477861195816843\n ],\n [\n -83.03466796874999,\n 28.94086176940557\n ],\n [\n -82.9248046875,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 28.671310915880834\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 28.825425374477224\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -81.45263671875,\n 30.732392734006083\n ],\n [\n -82.02392578125,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 30.637912028341123\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 30.789036751261136\n ],\n [\n -85.0341796875,\n 31.052933985705163\n ],\n [\n -87.64892578125,\n 31.034108344903512\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 30.334953881988564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"179","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3e2e4b08c986b32604a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornsby, H.D.","contributorId":91139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornsby","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023734,"text":"70023734 - 2001 - Evaluation of commercially prepared transport systems for nonlethal detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in salmonid fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023734","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of commercially prepared transport systems for nonlethal detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in salmonid fish","docAbstract":"In vitro studies indicated that commercially prepared transport systems containing Amies, Stuart's, and Cary-Blair media worked equally well in sustaining the viability of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida, which causes furunculosis. The bacterium remained viable without significant increase or decrease in cell numbers for as long as 48 h of incubation at 18-20??C in Stuart's transport medium; consequently, obtaining mucus samples in such tubes were comparable to on-site detection of A. salmonicida by dilution plate counts on Coomassie Brilliant Blue agar. In three different assays of 100 samples of mucus from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar infected subclinically with A. salmonicida, dilution counts conducted on-site proved more reliable for detecting the pathogen than obtaining the samples in the transport system. In the on-site assays, dilution counts detected the pathogen in 34, 41, and 22 samples, whereas this was accomplished in only 15, 15, and 3 of the respective samples when the transport system was used. In an additional experiment, Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus sustaining a frank epizootic of furunculosis were sampled similarly. Here, too, dilution counts were more predictive of the prevalence of A. salmonicida and detected the pathogen in 46 mucus samples; in comparison, only 6 samples collected by using the transport system were positive. We also observed that the transport system supported the growth of the normal mucus bacterial flora. Particularly predominant among these were motile aeromonads and Pseudomonas fluorescens. In studies of mixed culture growth, two representatives of both of the latter genera of bacteria outgrew A. salmonicida - in some cases, to the total exclusion of the pathogen itself.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0096:EOCPTS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Cipriano, R.C., and Bullock, G.L., 2001, Evaluation of commercially prepared transport systems for nonlethal detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in salmonid fish: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 13, no. 2, p. 96-104, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0096:EOCPTS>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"96","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207478,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0096:EOCPTS>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c66e4b0c8380cd52b21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023539,"text":"70023539 - 2001 - Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses for ground motions and fault displacement at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-18T10:03:44","indexId":"70023539","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses for ground motions and fault displacement at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses were conducted to estimate both ground motion and fault displacement hazards at the potential geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The study is believed to be the largest and most comprehensive analyses ever conducted for ground-shaking hazard and is a first-of-a-kind assessment of probabilistic fault displacement hazard. The major emphasis of the study was on the quantification of epistemic uncertainty. Six teams of three experts performed seismic source and fault displacement evaluations, and seven individual experts provided ground motion evaluations. State-of-the-practice expert elicitation processes involving structured workshops, consensus identification of parameters and issues to be evaluated, common sharing of data and information, and open exchanges about the basis for preliminary interpretations were implemented. Ground-shaking hazard was computed for a hypothetical rock outcrop at -300 m, the depth of the potential waste emplacement drifts, at the designated design annual exceedance probabilities of 10-3 and 10-4. The fault displacement hazard was calculated at the design annual exceedance probabilities of 10-4 and 10-5.","language":"English","publisher":"EERI","doi":"10.1193/1.1586169","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Stepp, J., Wong, I., Whitney, J.W., Quittmeyer, R., Abrahamson, N., Toro, G., Young, S., Coppersmith, K., Savy, J., and Sullivan, T., 2001, Probabilistic seismic hazard analyses for ground motions and fault displacement at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Earthquake Spectra, v. 17, no. 1, p. 113-151, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586169.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"151","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207471,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586169"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c99e4b0c8380cd7e79f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stepp, J.C.","contributorId":62639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stepp","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wong, Ivan","contributorId":174687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wong","given":"Ivan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitney, John W. 0000-0003-3824-3692 jwhitney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-3692","contributorId":804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"John","email":"jwhitney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quittmeyer, R.","contributorId":78911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quittmeyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abrahamson, N.","contributorId":60358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Toro, G.","contributorId":29165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toro","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, S.R.","contributorId":83643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coppersmith, K.","contributorId":29994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coppersmith","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Savy, J.","contributorId":74547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savy","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sullivan, T.","contributorId":86530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70023733,"text":"70023733 - 2001 - Correlation of ground motion and intensity for the 17 January 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023733","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of ground motion and intensity for the 17 January 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"We analyze the correlations between intensity and a set of groundmotion parameters obtained from 66 free-field stations in Los Angeles County that recorded the 1994 Northridge earthquake. We use the tagging intensities from Thywissen and Boatwright (1998) because these intensities are determined independently on census tracts, rather than interpolated from zip codes, as are the modified Mercalli isoseismals from Dewey et al. (1995). The ground-motion parameters we consider are the peak ground acceleration (PGA), the peak ground velocity (PGV), the 5% damped pseudovelocity response spectral (PSV) ordinates at 14 periods from 0.1 to 7.5 sec, and the rms average of these spectral ordinates from 0.3 to 3 sec. Visual comparisons of the distribution of tagging intensity with contours of PGA, PGV, and the average PSV suggest that PGV and the average PSV are better correlated with the intensity than PGA. The correlation coefficients between the intensity and the ground-motion parameters bear this out: r = 0.75 for PGA, 0.85 for PGV, and 0.85 for the average PSV. Correlations between the intensity and the PSV ordinates, as a function of period, are strongest at 1.5 sec (r = 0.83) and weakest at 0.2 sec (r = 0.66). Regressing the intensity on the logarithms of these ground-motion parameters yields relations I ?? mlog?? with 3.0 ??? m ??? 5.2 for the parameters analyzed, where m = 4.4 ?? 0.7 for PGA, 3.4 ?? 0.4 for PGV, and 3.6 ?? 0.5 for the average PSV.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0119990049","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boatwright, J., Thywissen, K., and Seekins, L.C., 2001, Correlation of ground motion and intensity for the 17 January 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 4, p. 739-752, https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990049.","startPage":"739","endPage":"752","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207458,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0119990049"},{"id":232423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc39e4b0c8380cd4e1ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thywissen, K.","contributorId":98496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thywissen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seekins, L. C.","contributorId":99561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seekins","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022711,"text":"70022711 - 2001 - Combined use of remote sensing and continuous monitoring to analyse the variability of suspended-sediment concentrations in San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:35:17","indexId":"70022711","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined use of remote sensing and continuous monitoring to analyse the variability of suspended-sediment concentrations in San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Analysis of suspended-sediment concentration data in San Francisco Bay is complicated by spatial and temporal variability. In situ optical backscatterance sensors provide continuous suspended-sediment concentration data, but inaccessibility, vandalism, and cost limit the number of potential monitoring stations. Satellite imagery reveals the spatial distribution of surficial-suspended sediment concentrations in the Bay; however, temporal resolution is poor. Analysis of the in situ sensor data in conjunction with the satellite reflectance data shows the effects of physical processes on both the spatial and temporal distribution of suspended sediment in San Francisco Bay. Plumes can be created by large freshwater flows. Zones of high suspended-sediment concentrations in shallow subembayments are associated with wind-wave resuspension and the spring-neap cycle. Filaments of clear and turbid water are caused by different transport processes in deep channels, as opposed to adjacent shallow water.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/ecss.2000.0730","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, C., Schoellhamer, D., Stumpf, R.P., and Lindsay, C., 2001, Combined use of remote sensing and continuous monitoring to analyse the variability of suspended-sediment concentrations in San Francisco Bay, California: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 53, no. 6, p. 801-812, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2000.0730.","startPage":"801","endPage":"812","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208212,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2000.0730"}],"volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7dce4b0c8380cd4cd35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, C.A.","contributorId":61208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stumpf, R. P.","contributorId":30649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsay, C.L.","contributorId":76518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023407,"text":"70023407 - 2001 - The crazy hollow formation (Eocene) of central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70023407","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1077,"text":"Brigham Young University Geology Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The crazy hollow formation (Eocene) of central Utah","docAbstract":"The Late Eocene Crazy Hollow Formation is a fluviatile and lacustrine unit that was deposited locally in the southwest arm of Lake Uinta during and after the last stages of the lake the deposited the Green River Formation. Most exposures of the Crazy Hollow are located in Sanpete and Sevier Counties. The unit is characterized by a large variety of rock types, rapid facies changes within fairly short distances, and different lithofacies in the several areas where outcrops of the remnants of the formation are concentrated. Mudstone is dominant, volumetrically, but siltstone, shale, sandstone, conglomerate and several varieties of limestone are also present. The fine-grained rocks are mostly highly colored, especially in shades of yellow, orange and red. Sand grains, pebbles and small cobbles of well-rounded black chert are widespread, and \"salt-and-pepper sandstone\" is the conspicuous characteristic of the Crazy Hollow. The salt-and-pepper sandstone consists of grains of black chert, white chert, quartz and minor feldspar. The limestone beds and lenses are paludal and lacustrine in origin; some are fossiliferous, and contain the same fauna found in the Green River Formation. With trivial exceptions, the Crazy Hollow Formation lies on the upper, limestone member of the Green River Formation, and the beds of the two units are always accordant in attitude. The nature of the contact differs locally: at some sites there is gradation from the Green River to the Crazy Hollow; at others, rocks typical of the two units intertongue; elsewhere there is a disconformity between the two. A variety of bedrock units overlie the Crazy Hollow at different sites. In the southeasternmost districts it is overlain by the late Eocene formation of Aurora; in western Sevier County it is overlain by the Miocene-Pliocene Sevier River Formation; in northernmost Sanpete County it is overlain by the Oligocene volcanics of the Moroni Formation. At many sites bordering Sanpete and Sevier Valleys the Crazy Hollow beds dip beneath Quaternary sediments that fill the two valleys. The Crazy Hollow Formation ranges from 0 to 1,307 feet (0-398 m) thick in the region, but is usually much thinner than the maximum value. At most outcrops it is only a few scores of feet (12-50 m) thick. Its age is middle Eocene, for it is only a little younger than the underlying Green River Formation. The unit developed by the washing of detritus into the basin of the southwest arm of Lake Uinta from the various source rocks in the highlands surrounding the basin. The limestone beds and lenses formed in ponds and small lakes that developed in the basin from time to time during and following the draining and evaporation of Lake Uinta. The qualities of the Crazy Hollow Formation are described in detail for 10 different areas of outcrops in the Sanpete and Sevier Valleys and vicinity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Brigham Young University Geology Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00681016","usgsCitation":"Weiss, M.P., and Warner, K., 2001, The crazy hollow formation (Eocene) of central Utah: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 46, p. 143-161.","startPage":"143","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa6ee4b08c986b322825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, M. P.","contributorId":72404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, K.N.","contributorId":77327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023540,"text":"70023540 - 2001 - Seabed observation & sampling system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:19:25","indexId":"70023540","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3363,"text":"Sea Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabed observation & sampling system","docAbstract":"SEABOSS has proved to be a valuable addition to the USGS data-acquisition and processing field program. It has allowed researchers to collect high-quality images and seabed samples in a timely manner. It is a simple, dependable and trouble-free system with a track record of over 3,000 deployments. When used as part of the USGS seafloor mapping acquisition, processing, and ground-truth program, SEABOSS has been invaluable in providing information quickly and efficiently, with a minimum of downtime. SEABOSS enables scientists to collect high-quality images and samples of the seabed, essential to the study of sedimentary environments and biological habitats and to the interpretation of side-scan sonar and multibeam imagery, the most common tools for mapping the seabed.","language":"English","issn":"00933651","usgsCitation":"Blackwood, D., and Parolski, K., 2001, Seabed observation & sampling system: Sea Technology, v. 42, no. 2, p. 39-43.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8822e4b08c986b3167f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackwood, D.","contributorId":39853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parolski, K.","contributorId":13010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parolski","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023438,"text":"70023438 - 2001 - Catchment-scale variation in the nitrate concentrations of groundwater seeps in the Catskill Mountains, New York, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70023438","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Catchment-scale variation in the nitrate concentrations of groundwater seeps in the Catskill Mountains, New York, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Forested headwater streams in the Catskill Mountains of New York show significant among-catchment variability in mean annual nitrate (NO3-) concentrations. Large contributions from deep groundwater with high NO3- concentrations have been invoked to explain high NO3- concentrations in stream water during the growing season. To determine whether variable contributions of groundwater could explain among-catchment differences in streamwater, we measured NO3- concentrations in 58 groundwater seeps distributed across six catchments known to have different annual average streamwater concentrations. Seeps were identified based on release from bedrock fractures and bedding planes and had consistently lower temperatures than adjacent streamwaters. Nitrate concentrations in seeps ranged from near detection limits (0.005 mg NO3--N/L) to 0.75 mg NO3--N/L. Within individual catchments, groundwater residence time does not seem to strongly affect NO3- concentrations because in three out of four catchments there were non-significant correlations between seep silica (SiO2) concentrations, a proxy for residence time, and seep NO3- concentrations. Across catchments, there was a significant but weak negative relationship between NO3- and SiO2 concentrations. The large range in NO3- concentrations of seeps across catchments suggests: 1) the principal process generating among-catchment differences in streamwater NO3- concentrations must influence water before it enters the groundwater flow system and 2) this process must act at large spatial scales because among-catchment variability is much greater than intra-catchment variability. Differences in the quantity of groundwater contribution to stream baseflow are not sufficient to account for differences in streamwater NO3- concentrations among catchments in the Catskill Mountains.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1013268004513","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"West, A., Findlay, S., Burns, D.A., Weathers, K., and Lovett, G., 2001, Catchment-scale variation in the nitrate concentrations of groundwater seeps in the Catskill Mountains, New York, U.S.A.: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 132, no. 3-4, p. 389-400, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013268004513.","startPage":"389","endPage":"400","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207340,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013268004513"},{"id":232208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3cde4b0c8380cd4b987","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"West, A.J.","contributorId":6224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Findlay, S.E.G.","contributorId":10531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findlay","given":"S.E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weathers, K.C.","contributorId":41378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weathers","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lovett, Gary M.","contributorId":85990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovett","given":"Gary M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023732,"text":"70023732 - 2001 - The Ordovician Sebree Trough: An oceanic passage to the Midcontinent United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T16:52:58.547082","indexId":"70023732","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Ordovician Sebree Trough: An oceanic passage to the Midcontinent United States","docAbstract":"The Sebree Trough is a relatively narrow, shale-filled sedimentary feature extending for several hundred kilometers across the Middle and Late Ordovician carbonate platform of the Midcontinent United States. The dark graptolitic shales within the trough stand in contrast to the coeval bryozoan-brachiopod-echinoderm– rich limestones on the flanking platforms. We infer from regional stratal patterns, thickness and facies trends, and temporal relations established by biostratigraphy and K-bentonite stratigraphy that the Sebree Trough initially began to develop during late Turinian to early Chatfieldian time (Mohawkian Series) as a linear bathymetric depression situated over the failed late Precambrian–Early Cambrian Reelfoot Rift. Rising sea level and positioning of a subtropical convergence zone along the southern margin of Laurentia caused the rift depression to descend into cool, oxygen-poor, phosphate-rich oceanic waters that entered the southern reaches of the rift from the Iapetus Ocean. The trough apparently formed in a system of epicontinental estuarine circulation marked by a density- stratified water column. Trough formation was accompanied by cessation of carbonate sedimentation, deposition of graptolitic shales, development of hardground omission surfaces, substrate erosion, and local phosphogenesis. The carbonate platforms on either side of the trough are dominated by bryozoan-brachiopod- echinoderm grainstones and packstones that were deposited in zones of mixing where cool, nutrient-rich waters encountered warmer shelf waters. Concurrently, lime mudstone and wackestone were deposited shoreward (northern Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Michigan) in warmer, more tropical shallow seas. Coeval upward growth of the flanking carbonate platforms sustained and enhanced development of the trough shale facies.
Five widespread diachronous late Mohawkian and Cincinnatian omission surfaces are present in the carbonate facies of the Midcontinent. These surfaces include sub-Deicke K-bentonite, DS1; top of Black River Limestone, DS2; base and top of the Guttenberg Limestone Member of the Decorah Formation, DS3 and DS4; and top of the Trenton Limestone, DS5. Some of the surfaces correspond to previously described depositional sequence boundaries. All five surfaces, which embody deepening phases on top of highstand-systems tracts, converge in the Sebree Trough, indicating that the trough was a long-lived feature and was the source of eutrophic waters that episodically spread across the adjacent platforms, terminating carbonate production. Late Turinian and early Chatfieldian incipient drowning episodes were followed by a final drowning event that began in the Sebree Trough during the late Chatfieldian (Climacograptus spiniferus Zone) and reached southernmost Minnesota and other regions far within the platform interior by Richmondian time (Amorphognathus ordovicicus Zone).
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<1067:TOSTAO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Kolata, D.R., Huff, W., and Bergstrom, S., 2001, The Ordovician Sebree Trough: An oceanic passage to the Midcontinent United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, no. 8, p. 1067-1078, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<1067:TOSTAO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1067","endPage":"1078","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Sebree Trough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.5166015625,\n 36.474306755095235\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -85.18798828125,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -82.59521484375,\n 40.195659093364654\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -89.5166015625,\n 36.474306755095235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba86ae4b08c986b321be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolata, Dennis R.","contributorId":79495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolata","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huff, W.D.","contributorId":48327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergstrom, Stig M.","contributorId":80832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstrom","given":"Stig M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023541,"text":"70023541 - 2001 - Quantifying the relative importance of flow regulation and grain size regulation of suspended sediment transport α and tracking changes in grain size of bed sediment β","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T10:35:49","indexId":"70023541","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the relative importance of flow regulation and grain size regulation of suspended sediment transport α and tracking changes in grain size of bed sediment β","docAbstract":"To predict changes in sediment transport, it is essential to know whether transport is regulated mainly by changes in flow or by changes in grain size of sediment on the bed. In flows where changes in suspended sediment transport are regulated purely by changes in flow (grain size of bed sediment is constant), increases in flow strength cause increases in both concentration and grain size of sediment in suspension (because stronger flows are able to suspend more sediment and coarser grains). Under this constraint of constant grain size of bed sediment concentration and median diameter of suspended sediment are positively correlated. In contrast, where transport is regulated purely by changes in grain size of sediment on the bed, concentration and median diameter of suspended sediment are negatively correlated (because increasing the median diameter of the bed sediment causes the concentration to decrease while causing the median grain size in suspension to increase). Where both flow strength and grain size on the bed are free to vary, the relation between concentration and grain size in suspension can be used to quantify the importance of grain size regulation relative to flow regulation of sediment transport, a measure defined as α. To predict sediment transport in systems that are regulated dominantly by changes in grain size on the bed, it is more useful to measure sediment input events or changes in grain size on the bed than to measure changes in flow. More commonly, grain size of bed sediment may be secondary to flow in regulating transport but may, nevertheless, be important. The relative coarseness of bed sediment (β) can be measured directly or, like α, can be calculated from measurements of concentration and grain size of suspended sediment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900250","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., and Topping, D.J., 2001, Quantifying the relative importance of flow regulation and grain size regulation of suspended sediment transport α and tracking changes in grain size of bed sediment β: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 1, p. 133-146, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900250.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900250","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91ede4b0c8380cd80544","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023344,"text":"70023344 - 2001 - Survey of fishes and environmental conditions in Abbotts Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:42:25","indexId":"70023344","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey of fishes and environmental conditions in Abbotts Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore, California","docAbstract":"This study was conducted to gain a better understanding of fishery resources in Abbotts Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore. During February/March, May, August, and November 1999, fish were sampled with floating variable-mesh gill nets and small minnow traps from as many as 14 sites in the lagoon. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, total ammonia(NH3 + NH4+), salinity, turbidity, water depth, and bottom substrate composition were also measured at each site. A total of 2,656 fish represented by eight species was captured during the study. Gill nets captured Sacramento perch, Archoplites interruptus; largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides; Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi; prickly sculpin, Cottus asper, silver surfperch, Hyperprosopon ellipticum; longfin smelt, Spirinchus thaleichthys; and striped bass, Morone saxatilis; whereas minnow traps captured Sacramento perch; prickly sculpin; and threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Cluster analysis (Ward's minimum variance method of fish catch statistics identified two major species assemblages-the first dominated by Sacramento perch and, to a lesser extent, by largemouth bass, and the second dominated by Pacific herring and threespine stickleback. Simple discriminant analysis of environmental variables indicated that salinity contributed the most towards separating the two assemblages.
","language":"English","issn":"00081078","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., and Martin, B., 2001, Survey of fishes and environmental conditions in Abbotts Lagoon, Point Reyes National Seashore, California: California Fish and Game, v. 87, no. 4, p. 123-138.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba28fe4b08c986b31f7c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, M. K.","contributorId":28917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, B.A.","contributorId":91269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023543,"text":"70023543 - 2001 - The Khida terrane - Geochronological and isotopic evidence for Paleoproterozoic and Archean crust in the eastern Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T14:37:31","indexId":"70023543","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1848,"text":"Gondwana Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Khida terrane - Geochronological and isotopic evidence for Paleoproterozoic and Archean crust in the eastern Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"The Khida terrane of the eastern Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia has been proposed as being underlain by Paleoproterozoic to Archean continental crust (Stoeser and Stacey, 1988). Detailed geological aspects of the Khida terrane, particularly resulting from new fieldwork during 1999, are discussed in a companion abstract (Stoeser et al., this volume). We present conventional and ion- microprobe U-Pb zircon geoenronology, Nd whole-rock, and feldspar Pb isotopic data that further elucidate the pre-Pan-African evolution of the Khida terrane. Locations for the Muhayil samples described below are shown in figure 2 of Stoeser et al. (this volume).
\nThe establishment of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) at unvegetated sites in the freshwater tidal Potomac River was limited primarily by factors other than propagule availability. For two years, traps were used to quantify the amount of plant material reaching three unvegetated sites over the growing season. The calculated flux values provided a gross estimate of the flux of propagules that could potentially survive if other site factors were suitable. The mean flux ofHydrilla verticillata and all other species (≥0.01 gdw m−2 d−1) appeared sufficient to favor the establishment of vegetation, particularly considering the high viability (70–100%) of whole plants and fragments under controlled conditions. However, median water clarity values (i.e., for light attenuation, Secchi depth, total suspended solids, and chlorophylla) were below SAV restoration goals at all unvegetated sites. Additionally, sediments from unvegetated sites showed a potential for nitrogen limitation of the growth ofH. verticillata. Our findings support the hypothesis that in the tidal Potomac River, water clarity and nutrient (especially nitrogen) levels in sediment are key to plant community establishment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1353242","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Rybicki, N.B., McFarland, D., Ruhl, H., Reel, J.T., and Barko, J., 2001, Investigations of the availability and survival of submersed aquatic vegetation propagules in the tidal Potomac River: Estuaries, v. 24, no. 3, p. 407-424, https://doi.org/10.2307/1353242.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"424","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.34649658203125,\n 38.41271038284709\n ],\n [\n -76.96197509765625,\n 38.41271038284709\n ],\n [\n -76.96197509765625,\n 38.93163900447185\n ],\n [\n -77.34649658203125,\n 38.93163900447185\n ],\n [\n -77.34649658203125,\n 38.41271038284709\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ec7e4b0c8380cd6401e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rybicki, N. B.","contributorId":97504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, D.G.","contributorId":100967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruhl, H.","contributorId":31416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reel, J. T.","contributorId":104518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barko, J.W.","contributorId":84705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barko","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023435,"text":"70023435 - 2001 - Habitat fragmentation effects on birds in grasslands and wetlands: A critique of our knowledge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T11:41:38","indexId":"70023435","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat fragmentation effects on birds in grasslands and wetlands: A critique of our knowledge","docAbstract":"Habitat fragmentation exacerbates the problem of habitat loss for grassland and wetland birds. Remaining patches of grasslands and wetlands may be too small, too isolated, and too influenced by edge effects to maintain viable populations of some breeding birds. Knowledge of the effects of fragmentation on bird populations is critically important for decisions about reserve design, grassland and wetland management, and implementation of cropland set-aside programs that benefit wildlife. In my review of research that has been conducted on habitat fragmentation, I found at least five common problems in the methodology used. The results of many studies are compromised by these problems: passive sampling (sampling larger areas in larger patches), confounding effects of habitat heterogeneity, consequences of inappropriate pooling of data from different species, artifacts associated with artificial nest data, and definition of actual habitat patches. As expected, some large-bodied birds with large territorial requirements, such as the northern harrier (Circus cyaneus), appear area sensitive. In addition, some small species of grassland birds favor patches of habitat far in excess of their territory size, including the Savannah (Passerculus sandwichensis), grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum) and Henslow's (A. henslowii) sparrows, and the bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). Other species may be area sensitive as well, but the data are ambiguous. Area sensitivity among wetland birds remains unknown since virtually no studies have been based on solid methodologies. We need further research on grassland bird response to habitat that distinguishes supportable conclusions from those that may be artifactual.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Plains Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10525165","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 2001, Habitat fragmentation effects on birds in grasslands and wetlands: A critique of our knowledge: Great Plains Research, v. 11, no. 2, p. 211-231.","startPage":"211","endPage":"231","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268123,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/568/"},{"id":232131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f0de4b0c8380cd5ca44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023698,"text":"70023698 - 2001 - Application of a nonlinear slug test model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T16:03:05.926659","indexId":"70023698","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a nonlinear slug test model","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the hydraulic conductivity distribution is of utmost importance in understanding the dynamics of an aquifer and in planning the consequences of any action taken upon that aquifer. Slug tests have been used extensively to measure hydraulic conductivity in the last 50 years since Hvorslev's (1951) work. A general nonlinear model based on the Navier-Stokes equation, nonlinear frictional loss, non-Darcian flow, acceleration effects, radius changes in the wellbore, and a Hvorslev model for the aquifer has been implemented in this work. The nonlinear model has three parameters: β, which is related primarily to radius changes in the water column; A, which is related to the nonlinear head losses; and K, the hydraulic conductivity. An additional parameter has been added representing the initial velocity of the water column at slug initiation and is incorporated into an analytical solution to generate the first time step before a sequential numerical solution generates the remainder of the time solution. Corrections are made to the model output for acceleration before it is compared to the experimental data. Sensitivity analysis and least squares fitting are used to estimate the aquifer parameters and produce some diagnostic results, which indicate the accuracy of the fit. Finally, an example of field data has been presented to illustrate the application of the model to data sets that exhibit nonlinear behavior. Multiple slug tests should be taken at a given location to test for nonlinear effects and to determine repeatability.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02364.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"McElwee, C., 2001, Application of a nonlinear slug test model: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 5, p. 737-744, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02364.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"744","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec90e4b0c8380cd4934d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McElwee, C.D.","contributorId":66408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElwee","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}