{"pageNumber":"3111","pageRowStart":"77750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184828,"records":[{"id":70023668,"text":"70023668 - 2001 - Effects of thermal regime on ovarian maturation and plasma sex steroids in farmed white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023668","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of thermal regime on ovarian maturation and plasma sex steroids in farmed white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus","docAbstract":"Recently, commercial aquaculture farms in Northern California have exposed gravid, cultured white sturgeon females to cold water (12 ?? 1??C) throughout the late phase of vitellogenesis and ovarian follicle maturation resulting in improved ovulation rates and egg quality. However, the optimum timing for transfer of broodfish to the cold water and the capacity of transferred broodfish to maintain reproductive competence over an extended time in cold water had not been evaluated. Gravid white sturgeon females that have been raised at water temperatures of 16-20??C were transported to either cold water (12 ?? 1??C; Group 1) in November 1997 or maintained in ambient water temperatures (10-19??C; Group 2) until early spring. In March 1998, half of the fish in Group 2 had regressed ovaries, but the remaining females had intact ovarian follicles and were transported to the cold water. Ovarian follicles and blood were collected from females until they reached the stage of spawning readiness (determined by germinal vesicle position and an oocyte maturation assay) or underwent ovarian regression. Exposure of gravid sturgeon females to ambient water temperatures (14.5 ?? 2.3??C, mean ?? S.D.) from October to March led to a decrease in plasma sex steroids and a high incidence of ovarian regression in fish with a more advanced stage of oocyte development. Transfer of females with intact ovarian follicles to cold water (12 ?? 1??C) in the fall or early spring resulted in normal ovarian development in the majority of females. Holding females in cold water does not seem to override their endogenous reproductive rhythms but extends their capacity to maintain oocyte maturational competence over a longer period of time. A temperature-sensitive phase in ovarian development may occur during the transition from vitellogenic growth to oocyte maturation, and the degree and timing of sensitivity to environmental temperature are dependent on the female's endogenous reproductive rhythm. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All Rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00550-6","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Webb, M., Van Eenennaam, J., Feist, G., Linares-Casenave, J., Fitzpatrick, M., Schreck, C., and Doroshov, S., 2001, Effects of thermal regime on ovarian maturation and plasma sex steroids in farmed white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus: Aquaculture, v. 201, no. 1-2, p. 137-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00550-6.","startPage":"137","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207564,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00550-6"},{"id":232620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0809e4b0c8380cd51944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, M.A.H.","contributorId":102241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"M.A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Eenennaam, J. P.","contributorId":33090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eenennaam","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feist, G.W.","contributorId":46261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feist","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Linares-Casenave, J.","contributorId":49956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linares-Casenave","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, M.S.","contributorId":16194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Doroshov, S.I.","contributorId":22535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doroshov","given":"S.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70023667,"text":"70023667 - 2001 - Early life history of the northern pikeminnow in the lower Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T15:28:26","indexId":"70023667","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early life history of the northern pikeminnow in the lower Columbia River basin","docAbstract":"<p>The northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis is a large, native cyprinid in the Columbia River basin that has persisted in spite of substantial habitat alterations. During the months of June to September 1993-1996, we investigated the temporal and spatial patterns of northern pikeminnow spawning, along with describing larval drift and characterizing larval and early juvenile rearing habitats in the lower Columbia River (the John Day and Dalles reservoirs and the free-flowing section downstream of Bonneville Dam) as well as in the lower sections of two major tributaries (the John Day and Deschutes rivers). The density of newly emerged drifting larvae was higher in dam tailraces (a mean of 7.7 larvae/100 m3 in surface tows) than in the lower reservoirs (0.3 larvae/100 m3), indicating that tailraces were areas of more intense spawning. Density was particularly high in the Bonneville Dam tailrace (15.1 larvae/100 m3), perhaps because adult northern pikeminnow are abundant below Bonneville Dam and this is the first tailrace and suitable main-stem spawning habitat encountered during upriver spawning migrations. Spawning also occurred in both of the tributaries sampled but not in a backwater. Spawning in the Columbia River primarily took place during the month of June in 1993 and 1994, when the water temperature rose from 14??C to 18??C, but occurred about 2 weeks later in 1995 and 1996, possibly because of cooler June water temperature (14-15??C) in these years. The period of drift was brief (about 1-3 d), with larvae recruiting to shallow, low-velocity shorelines of main-channel and backwater areas to rear. Larvae reared in greatest densities at sites with fine sediment or sand substrates and moderate- to high-density vegetation (a mean density of 92.1 larvae/10 m3). The success of northern pikeminnow in the Columbia River basin may be partly attributable to their ability to locate adequate spawning and rearing conditions in a variety of main-stem and tributary locations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0250:ELHOTN>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Gadomski, D., Barfoot, C., Bayer, J., and Poe, T., 2001, Early life history of the northern pikeminnow in the lower Columbia River basin: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 130, no. 2, p. 250-262, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0250:ELHOTN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207563,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0250:ELHOTN>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon; Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.92901611328125,\n              45.656767862805964\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92283630371092,\n              45.63756719669655\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.99974060058594,\n              45.60971454042112\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14393615722655,\n              45.55733331588203\n     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J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poe, T.P.","contributorId":51687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023665,"text":"70023665 - 2001 - Amplitude blanking related to the pore-filling of gas hydrate in sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:59:34","indexId":"70023665","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amplitude blanking related to the pore-filling of gas hydrate in sediments","docAbstract":"Seismic indicators of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments include elevated interval velocities and amplitude reduction of seismic reflections owing to the presence of gas hydrate in the sediment's pore spaces. However, large amplitude blanking with relatively low interval velocities observed at the Blake Ridge has been enigmatic because realistic seismic models were absent to explain the observation. This study proposes models in which the gas hydrate concentrations vary in proportion to the porosity. Where gas hydrate concentrations are greater in more porous media, a significant amplitude blanking can be achieved with relatively low interval velocity. Depending on the amount of gas hydrate concentration in the pore space, reflection amplitudes from hydrate-bearing sediments can be much less, less or greater than those from corresponding non-hydrate-bearing sediments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geophysical Researches","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1010371308699","issn":"00253235","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Dillon, W.P., 2001, Amplitude blanking related to the pore-filling of gas hydrate in sediments: Marine Geophysical Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 101-109, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010371308699.","startPage":"101","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010371308699"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9cbe4b0c8380cd48466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023663,"text":"70023663 - 2001 - Nutrient transport to the Swan - Canning Estuary, Western Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023663","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient transport to the Swan - Canning Estuary, Western Australia","docAbstract":"Catchment nutrient availability in Western Australia is primarily controlled by the disposal of animal waste and the type and rate of fertilizer application, particularly on the relatively narrow (~25 km wide), sandy coastal plain. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentrations and fluxes during the wet season of 15 tributaries, including four urban drains to the Swan-Canning Estuary, were evaluated from 1986 to 1992 and additionally concentrations only were evaluated throughout the year from 1993 to 1996. Concentrations of filtered reactive P (FRP) and total P (TP) were generally low, with the volume-weighted means for all sites being 0.06 mg 1-1 and 0.12 mg 1-1 respectively. The urban drains had higher TP concentrations (volume-weighted mean of 0.21 mg 1-1) than the streams (0.12 mg 1-1), with the high concentrations associated with particulate matter. Total inorganic N (TIN, NH4N plus NO3N) and total N (TN), which is of interest to eutrophic status of the N-limited estuary, were likewise low, compared with other developed areas having a similar climate. Both TIN and TN were higher in the urban drains (0.76 mg 1-1 and 1.5 mg 1-1 respectively) than the streams (0.31 mg 1-1 and 1.2 mg 1-1 respectively). The Avon River, which drains 98.5% of the 121 000 km2 catchment area, contributes most of the N (0.03 kg ha-1 year-1 or 65%) and a high percentage of the P (<0.01 kg ha-1 year-1 or 32%) to the estuaries. The Avon River nutrient fluxes are much less than other tributaries closer to the estuary. The coastal plain receives significantly higher rainfall (1,200 mm year-1) and has more intense horticulture and animal production than inland areas (<300 mm year-1). Annual rainfall is seasonal, occuring primarily from May through December. The surficial aquifers on the coastal plain generally are sandy with a low nutrient retention capacity, and rapidly transmit soluble and colloidal material in subsurface flow. Ellen Brook, on the coastal plain, drains pastures treated with superphosphate and has the highest FRP (0.51 mg 1-1), TP (0.7 mg 1-1) and TN (2.1 mg 1-1) of any tributary to the estuary. The coastal plain is also undergoing urbanization, particularly in areas adjacent to the estuary. Nutrients are subsequently available for transport during the onset of seasonal wet weather. Perennial baseflow from urban areas is an important source of nutrients. Water yield from the urban areas was high, being as much as 50% of annual rainfall. The timing of the nutrients delivered by the tributaries may be an important control on estuarine ecology. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.304","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Donohue, R., 2001, Nutrient transport to the Swan - Canning Estuary, Western Australia: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 13, p. 2555-2577, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.304.","startPage":"2555","endPage":"2577","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.304"},{"id":232541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a699ae4b0c8380cd73dfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donohue, R.","contributorId":20925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donohue","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023662,"text":"70023662 - 2001 - Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023662","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska","docAbstract":"The last interglacial period is thought to be the last time global climate was significantly warmer than present. New stratigraphic studies at Eva Creek, near Fairbanks, Alaska indicate a complex last interglacial record wherein periods of loess deposition alternated with periods of soil formation. The Eva Forest Bed appears to have formed about the time of or after deposition of the Old Crow tephra (dated to ??? 160 to ??? 120 ka), and is therefore correlated with the last interglacial period. Pollen, macrofossils, and soils from the Eva Forest Bed indicate that boreal forest was the dominant vegetation and precipitation may have been greater than present around Fairbanks during the peak of the last interglacial period. A new compilation of last interglacial localities indicates that boreal forest was extensive over interior Alaska and Yukon Territory. Boreal forest also extended beyond its present range onto the Seward and Baldwin Peninsulas, and probably migrated to higher elevations, now occupied by tundra, in the interior. Comparison of last interglacial pollen and macrofossil data with atmospheric general circulation model results shows both agreement and disagreement. Model results of warmer-than-present summers are in agreement with fossil data. However, numerous localities with boreal forest records are in conflict with model reconstructions of an extensive cool steppe in interior Alaska and much of Yukon Territory during the last interglacial. ?? 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00132-3","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Ager, T.A., and Beget, J.E., 2001, Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 20, no. 1-3, p. 41-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00132-3.","startPage":"41","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207521,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00132-3"},{"id":232540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1cce4b08c986b32a77d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beget, J. E.","contributorId":63392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beget","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023661,"text":"70023661 - 2001 - Atrazine retention and degradation in the vadose zone at a till plain site in central Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T12:28:46","indexId":"70023661","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atrazine retention and degradation in the vadose zone at a till plain site in central Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The vadose zone was examined as an environmental compartment where significant quantities of atrazine and its degradation compounds may be stored and transformed. The vadose zone was targeted because regional studies in the White River Basin indicated a large discrepancy between the mass of atrazine applied to fields and the amount of the pesticide and its degradation compounds that are measured in ground and surface water. A study site was established in a rotationally cropped field in the till plain of central Indiana. Data were gathered during the 1994 growing season to characterize the site hydrogeology and the distribution of atrazine, desethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, didealkylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine in runoff, pore water, and ground water. The data indicated that atrazine and its degradation compounds were transported from land surface to a depth of 1.5 m within 60 days of application, but were undetected in the saturated zone at nearby monitoring wells. A numerical model was developed, based on the field data, to provide information about processes that could retain and degrade atrazine in the vadose zone. Simulations indicated that evapotranspiration is responsible for surface directed soil-moisture flow during much of the growing season. This process causes retention and degradation of atrazine in the vadose zone. Increased residence time in the vadose zone leads to nearly complete transformation of atrazine and its degradation products to unquantified degradation compounds. As a result of mascropore flow, small quantities of atrazine and its degradation compounds may reach the saturated zone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02298.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Bayless, E., 2001, Atrazine retention and degradation in the vadose zone at a till plain site in central Indiana: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 2, p. 169-180, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02298.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"180","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Hancock","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5774,39.9459],[-85.5759,39.8738],[-85.5969,39.8735],[-85.5968,39.786],[-85.6333,39.7862],[-85.6338,39.6987],[-85.6876,39.6987],[-85.7993,39.6993],[-85.913,39.6976],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.8625,39.9286],[-85.8624,39.9436],[-85.5774,39.9459]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hancock\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eecde4b0c8380cd49f94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayless, E.R.","contributorId":67639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023660,"text":"70023660 - 2001 - Implications of SHRIMP and microstructural data on the age and kinematics of shearing in the Asir terrane, southern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T16:15:06","indexId":"70023660","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1848,"text":"Gondwana Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of SHRIMP and microstructural data on the age and kinematics of shearing in the Asir terrane, southern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p><span>The Asir terrane consists of north-trending belts of variably metamorphosed volcanic, sedimentary, and plutonic rocks that are cut by numerous shear zones (Fig. </span><span>1). </span><span>Previous workers interpreted the shear zones as sutures, structures that modify earlier sutures, or structures that define the margins of tectonic belts across which there are significant lithologic differences and along which there may have been major transposition (Frisch and Al-Shanti, 1977; Greenwood et al., 1982; Brown et al., 1989). SHRIMP data from zircons (Table </span><span>1) </span><span>and sense-of-shear data recently acquired from selected shear zones in the terrane help to constrain the minimum ages and kinematics of these shearing events and lead to an overall model of terrane assembly that is more complex than previously proposed.&nbsp;</span></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Gondwana Research","publisherLocation":"Osaka, Japan","doi":"10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70683-3","issn":"1342937X","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P., Kattan, F., and Wooden, J.L., 2001, Implications of SHRIMP and microstructural data on the age and kinematics of shearing in the Asir terrane, southern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia: Gondwana Research, v. 4, no. 2, p. 172-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70683-3.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              40,\n              17\n            ],\n            [\n              40,\n              22.5\n            ],\n            [\n              44.5,\n              22.5\n            ],\n            [\n              44.5,\n              17\n            ],\n            [\n              40,\n              17\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a391de4b0c8380cd617e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, P.R.","contributorId":37332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kattan, F.H.","contributorId":18140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kattan","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023659,"text":"70023659 - 2001 - Anomalously high b-values in the South Flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Evidence for the distribution of magma below Kilauea's East rift zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023659","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalously high b-values in the South Flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Evidence for the distribution of magma below Kilauea's East rift zone","docAbstract":"The pattern of b-value of the frequency-magnitude relation, or mean magnitude, varies little in the Kaoiki-Hilea area of Hawaii, and the b-values are normal, with b = 0.8 in the top 10 km and somewhat lower values below that depth. We interpret the Kaoiki-Hilea area as relatively stable, normal Hawaiian crust. In contrast, the b-values beneath Kilauea's South Flank are anomalously high (b = 1.3-1.7) at depths between 4 and 8 km, with the highest values near the East Rift zone, but extending 5-8 km away from the rift. Also, the anomalously high b-values vary along strike, parallel to the rift zone. The highest b-values are observed near Hiiaka and Pauahi craters at the bend in the rift, the next highest are near Makaopuhi and also near Puu Kaliu. The mildest anomalies occur adjacent to the central section of the rift. The locations of the three major and two minor b-value anomalies correspond to places where shallow magma reservoirs have been proposed based on analyses of seismicity, geodetic data and differentiated lava chemistry. The existence of the magma reservoirs is also supported by magnetic anomalies, which may be areas of dike concentration, and self-potential anomalies, which are areas of thermal upwelling above a hot source. The simplest explanation of these anomalously high b-values is that they are due to the presence of active magma bodies beneath the East Rift zone at depths down to 8 km. In other volcanoes, anomalously high b-values correlate with volumes adjacent to active magma chambers. This supports a model of a magma body beneath the East Rift zone, which may widen and thin along strike, and which may reach 8 km depth and extend from Kilauea's summit to a distance of at least 40 km down rift. The anomalously high b-values at the center of the South Flank, several kilometers away from the rift, may be explained by unusually high pore pressure throughout the South Flank, or by anomalously strong heterogeneity due to extensive cracking, or by both phenomena. The major b-value anomalies are located SSE of their parent reservoirs, in the direction of motion of the flank, suggesting that magma reservoirs leave an imprint in the mobile flank. We hypothesize that the extensive cracking may have been acquired when the anomalous parts of the South Flank, now several kilometers distant from the rift zone, were generated at the rift zone near persistent reservoirs. Since their generation, these volumes may have moved seaward, away from the rift, but earthquakes occurring in them still use the preexisting complex crack distribution. Along the decollement plane at 10 km depth, the b-values are exceptionally low (b = 0.5), suggesting faulting in a more homogeneous medium. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00263-8","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Wyss, M., Klein, F., Nagamine, K., and Wiemer, S., 2001, Anomalously high b-values in the South Flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Evidence for the distribution of magma below Kilauea's East rift zone: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 106, no. 1-2, p. 23-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00263-8.","startPage":"23","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00263-8"},{"id":232500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec4ce4b0c8380cd491a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wyss, M.","contributorId":68880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyss","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klein, F.","contributorId":45453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagamine, K.","contributorId":40377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagamine","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiemer, S.","contributorId":22115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemer","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023658,"text":"70023658 - 2001 - Carbon isotope systematics and CO2 sources in The Geysers-Clear Lake region, northern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023658","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope systematics and CO2 sources in The Geysers-Clear Lake region, northern California, USA","docAbstract":"Carbon isotope analyses of calcite veins, organic carbon, CO2 and CH4 from 96 rock and 46 gas samples show that metamorphic calcite veins and disseminated, organically-derived carbon from Franciscan Complex and Great Valley Sequence rocks have provided a primary carbon source for geothermal fluids during past and present hydrothermal activity across The Geysers-Clear Lake region. The stable isotope compositions of calcite veins vary widely on a regional scale, but overall they document the presence of 13C-poor fluids in early subduction-related vein-precipitating events. ??13C values of calcite veins from the SB-15-D corehole within The Geysers steam field indicate that carbon-bearing fluids in the recent geothermal system have caused the original diverse ??13C values of the veins to be reset. Across The Geysers-Clear Lake region the carbon isotope composition of CO2 gas associated with individual geothermal reservoirs shows a general increasing trend in ??13C values from west to east. In contrast, ??13C values of CH4 do not exhibit any spatial trends. The results from this study indicate that regional variations in ??13C-CO2 values result from differences in the underlying lithologies. Regional CO2 contains significant amounts of carbon related to degradation of organic carbon and dissolution of calcite veins and is not related to equilibrium reactions involving CH4. CO2 from degassing of underlying magma chambers is not recognizable in this region. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of CNR.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6505(00)00051-1","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Bergfeld, D., Goff, F., and Janik, C.J., 2001, Carbon isotope systematics and CO2 sources in The Geysers-Clear Lake region, northern California, USA: Geothermics, v. 30, no. 2-3, p. 303-331, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(00)00051-1.","startPage":"303","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207476,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(00)00051-1"},{"id":232459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f366e4b0c8380cd4b7a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergfeld, D.","contributorId":58053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goff, F.","contributorId":53408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023620,"text":"70023620 - 2001 - Effects of clay dispersion on aquifer storage and recovery in coastal aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:29:28","indexId":"70023620","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3646,"text":"Transport in Porous Media","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of clay dispersion on aquifer storage and recovery in coastal aquifers","docAbstract":"Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of freshwater in brackish aquifers is a form of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) that can beneficially supplement water supplies in coastal areas. A 1970s field experiment in Norfolk, Virginia, showed that clay dispersion in the unconsolidated sedimentary aquifer occurred because of cation exchange on clay minerals as freshwater displaced brackish formation water. Migration of interstitial clay particles clogged pores, reduced permeability, and decreased recovery efficiency, but a calcium preflush was found to reduce clay dispersion and lead to a higher recovery efficiency. Column experiments were performed in this study to quantify the relations between permeability changes and clay mineralogy, clay content, and initial water salinity. The results of these experiments indicate that dispersion of montmorillonite clay is a primary contributor to formation damage. The reduction in permeability by clay dispersion may be expressed as a linear function of chloride content. Incorporating these simple functions into a radial, cross-sectional, variable-density, ground-water flow and transport model yielded a satisfactory simulation of the Norfolk field test - and represented an improvement over the model that ignored changes in permeability. This type of model offers a useful planning and design tool for ASR operations in coastal clastic aquifer systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transport in Porous Media","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1010613525547","issn":"01693913","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., August, L., and Voss, C., 2001, Effects of clay dispersion on aquifer storage and recovery in coastal aquifers: Transport in Porous Media, v. 43, no. 1, p. 45-64, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010613525547.","startPage":"45","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207519,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010613525547"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06ace4b0c8380cd5137b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"August, L.L.","contributorId":103044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"August","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023619,"text":"70023619 - 2001 - Identification of methyl halide-utilizing genes in strain IMB-1, a methyl bromide-utilizing bacterium suggests a high degree of conservation of methyl halide-specific genes in gram-negative bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T05:19:41","indexId":"70023619","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of methyl halide-utilizing genes in strain IMB-1, a methyl bromide-utilizing bacterium suggests a high degree of conservation of methyl halide-specific genes in gram-negative bacteria","docAbstract":"Strain IMB-1, an aerobic methylotrophic member of the alpha subgroup of the Proteobacteria, can grow with methyl bromide as a sole carbon and energy source. A single cmu gene cluster was identified in IMB-1 that contained six open reading frames: cmuC, cmuA, orf146, paaE, hutI, and partial metF. CmuA from IMB-1 has high sequence homology to the methyltransferase CmuA from Methylobacterium chloromethanicum and Hyphomicrobium chloromethanicum and contains a C-terminal corrinoid-binding motif and an N-terminal methyl-transferase motif. However, cmuB, identified in M. chloromethanicum and H. chloromethanicum, was not detected in IMB-1.","language":"English","publisher":"ASM","doi":"10.1128/AEM.67.4.1959-1963.2001","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Woodall, C., Warner, K., Oremland, R., Murrell, J., and McDonald, I., 2001, Identification of methyl halide-utilizing genes in strain IMB-1, a methyl bromide-utilizing bacterium suggests a high degree of conservation of methyl halide-specific genes in gram-negative bacteria: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 67, no. 4, p. 1959-1963, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.4.1959-1963.2001.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1959","endPage":"1963","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478843,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/92821","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207502,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.4.1959-1963.2001"}],"volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a381ce4b0c8380cd61441","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodall, C.A.","contributorId":33188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodall","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, K.L.","contributorId":73781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murrell, J.C.","contributorId":25731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murrell","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, I.R.","contributorId":23313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023618,"text":"70023618 - 2001 - Orogenic gold and geologic time: A global synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023618","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orogenic gold and geologic time: A global synthesis","docAbstract":"Orogenic gold deposits have formed over more than 3 billion years of Earth's history, episodically during the Middle Archean to younger Precambrian, and continuously throughout the Phanerozoic. This class of gold deposit is characteristically associated with deformed and metamorphosed mid-crustal blocks, particularly in spatial association with major crustal structures. A consistent spatial and temporal association with granitoids of a variety of compositions indicates that melts and fluids were both inherent products of thermal events during orogenesis. Including placer accumulations, which are commonly intimately associated with this mineral deposit type, recognized production and resources from economic Phanerozoic orogenic-gold deposits are estimated at just over one billion ounces gold. Exclusive of the still-controversial Witwatersrand ores, known Precambrian gold concentrations are about half this amount. The recent increased applicability of global paleo-reconstructions, coupled with improved geochronology from most of the world's major gold camps, allows for an improved understanding of the distribution pattern of orogenic gold in space and time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00016-6","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R., Groves, D., and Gardoll, S., 2001, Orogenic gold and geologic time: A global synthesis: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 18, no. 1-2, p. 1-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00016-6.","startPage":"1","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00016-6"},{"id":232498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7124e4b0c8380cd7649d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardoll, S.","contributorId":94820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardoll","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023617,"text":"70023617 - 2001 - Habitat evaluation using GIS a case study applied to the San Joaquin Kit Fox","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023617","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat evaluation using GIS a case study applied to the San Joaquin Kit Fox","docAbstract":"Concern over the fate of plant and animal species throughout the world has accelerated over recent decades. Habitat loss is considered the main culprit in reducing many species' abundance and range, leading to numerous efforts to plan and manage habitat preservation. Our work uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data and modeling to define a spatially explicit analysis of habitat value, using the San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) of California (USA) as an example. Over the last 30 years, many field studies and surveys have enhanced our knowledge of the life history, behavior, and needs of the kit fox, which has been proposed as an umbrella or indicator species for grassland habitat in the San Joaquin Valley of California. There has yet been no attempt to convert much of this field knowledge into a model of spatial habitat value useful for planning purposes. This is a significant omission given the importance and visibility of the imperiled kit fox and increasing trends toward spatially explicit modeling and planning. In this paper we apply data from northern California to derive a small-cell GIS raster of habitat value for the kit fox that incorporates both intrinsic habitat quality and neighborhood context, as well the effects of barriers such as roads. Such a product is a useful basis for assessing the presence and amounts of good (and poor) quality habitat and for eventually constructing GIS representations of viable animal territories that could be included in future reserves. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape and Urban Planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00119-5","issn":"01692046","usgsCitation":"Gerrard, R., Stine, P., Church, R., and Gilpin, M., 2001, Habitat evaluation using GIS a case study applied to the San Joaquin Kit Fox: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 52, no. 4, p. 239-255, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00119-5.","startPage":"239","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207500,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00119-5"},{"id":232497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f0ae4b0c8380cd5ca23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerrard, R.","contributorId":99737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerrard","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stine, P.","contributorId":26361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stine","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Church, R.","contributorId":95233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilpin, M.","contributorId":65965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilpin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023616,"text":"70023616 - 2001 - A comparison of susceptibility to Myxobolus cerebralis among strains of rainbow trout and steelhead in field and laboratory trials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023616","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of susceptibility to Myxobolus cerebralis among strains of rainbow trout and steelhead in field and laboratory trials","docAbstract":"Three strains of rainbow trout and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss were evaluated for the presence of whirling disease in field and laboratory trials. In the field exposures, fingerling Salmon River steelhead and Cayuga Lake and Randolph strains of rainbow trout were placed in wire cages in an earthen, stream-fed pond in New York State that was known to harbor Myxobolus cerebralis. Control fish were held at another hatchery that was free of whirling disease. In the controlled trials at the National Fish Health Research Laboratory, fingerling steelhead and Cayuga Lake and Mount Lassen rainbow trout were exposed to triactinomyxons at low (200 triactinomyxons/fish) or high (2,000 triactinomyxons/fish) levels for 2 h. Controls of each group were sham-exposed. Following an incubation period of 154 d for laboratory trials and 180 d for field trials, cranial tissue samples were taken for spore enumeration (field and laboratory trials) and histological analyses (laboratory only). Clinical signs of disease, including whirling behavior, blacktail, and skeletal deformities, were recorded for each fish in the laboratory trial at the terminal sampling. No clinical evidence of disease was noted among fish in the field trials. Clinical signs were noted among all strains in the laboratory trials at both exposure levels, and these signs were consistently greatest for the Mount Lassen strain. Whirling and skeletal deformities were more evident in the steelhead than in the Cayuga Lake rainbow trout; blacktail was more common in the Cayuga Lake fish. In both field and laboratory trials, spore counts were significantly higher for Cayuga Lake rainbow trout than in steelhead. In laboratory trials, moderate to marked cranial tissue lesions predominated in all three strains.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0220:ACOSTM>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Densmore, C.L., Blazer, V., Cartwright, D.D., Schill, W.B., Schachte, J.H., Petrie, C.J., Batur, M., Waldrop, T., Mack, A., and Pooler, P., 2001, A comparison of susceptibility to Myxobolus cerebralis among strains of rainbow trout and steelhead in field and laboratory trials: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 13, no. 3, p. 220-227, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0220:ACOSTM>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"220","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207475,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0220:ACOSTM>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e376e4b0c8380cd46044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Christine L.","contributorId":18316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cartwright, Deborah D.","contributorId":28202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schachte, J. H.","contributorId":27399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schachte","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Petrie, C. J.","contributorId":69929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Batur, M.V.","contributorId":43709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batur","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Waldrop, T.B.","contributorId":82262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mack, A.","contributorId":92620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pooler, P.S.","contributorId":78686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pooler","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70023615,"text":"70023615 - 2001 - Three-dimenstional crustal velocity structure beneath the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T13:50:37.202349","indexId":"70023615","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimenstional crustal velocity structure beneath the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">The Strait of Georgia is a topographic depression straddling the boundary between the Insular and Coast belts in southwestern British Columbia. Two shallow earthquakes located within the strait (<i>M</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 4.6 in 1997 and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 5.0 in 1975) and felt throughout the Vancouver area illustrate the seismic potential of this region. As part of the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS) experiment, seismic instruments were placed in and around the Strait of Georgia to record shots from a marine source within the strait. We apply a tomographic inversion procedure to first-arrival traveltime data to derive a minimum-structure 3-D<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>-wave velocity model for the upper crust to about 13 km depth. We also present a 2-D velocity model for a profile orientated across the Strait of Georgia derived using a minimum-parameter traveltime inversion approach.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">This paper represents the first detailed look at crustal velocity variations within the major Cretaceous to Cenozoic Georgia Basin, which underlies the Strait of Georgia. The 3-D velocity model clearly delineates the structure of the Georgia Basin. Taking the 6 km s<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>isovelocity contour to represent the top of the underlying basement, the basin thickens from between 2 and 4 km in the northwestern half of the strait to between 8 and 9 km at the southeastern end of the study region. Basin velocities in the northeastern half are 4.5–6 km s<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and primarily represent the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group. Velocities to the south are lower (3–6 km s<sup>−1</sup>) because of the additional presence of the overlying Tertiary Huntingdon Formation and more recent sediments, including glacial and modern Fraser River deposits. In contrast to the relatively smoothly varying velocity structure of the basin, velocities of the basement rocks, which comprise primarily Palaeozoic to Jurassic rocks of the Wrangellia Terrane and possibly Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous granitic rocks of the Coast Belt, show significantly more structure, probably an indication of the varying basement rock lithologies. The 2-D velocity model more clearly reveals the velocity layering associated with the recent sediments, Huntingdon Formation and Nanaimo Group of the southern Georgia Basin, as well as the underlying basement. We interpret lateral variation in sub-basin velocities of the 2-D model as a transition from Wrangellian to Coast Belt basement rocks. The effect of the narrow, onshore–offshore recording geometry of the seismic experiment on model resolution was tested to allow a critical assessment of the validity of the 3-D velocity model. Lateral resolution throughout the model to a depth of 3–5 km below the top of the basement is generally 10–20 km.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.0956-540X.2000.01364.x","usgsCitation":"Zelt, B., Ellis, R., Zelt, C., Hyndman, R., Lowe, C., Spence, G., and Fisher, M.A., 2001, Three-dimenstional crustal velocity structure beneath the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia: Geophysical Journal International, v. 144, no. 3, p. 695-712, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-540X.2000.01364.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"695","endPage":"712","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478944,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-540x.2000.01364.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410925,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.0956-540X.2000.01364.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada","state":"British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Strait of Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.211181640625,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.18994140624999,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.18994140624999,\n              50.12057809796008\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.211181640625,\n              50.12057809796008\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.211181640625,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb350e4b08c986b325cf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelt, B.C.","contributorId":63572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, R.M.","contributorId":9034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zelt, C.A.","contributorId":74911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hyndman, R.D.","contributorId":45831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, C.","contributorId":96453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spence, G.D.","contributorId":85750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70023613,"text":"70023613 - 2001 - Effects of forest-management activities on runoff components and ground-water recharge to Quabbin Reservoir, central Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023613","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of forest-management activities on runoff components and ground-water recharge to Quabbin Reservoir, central Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The effects of forest-management activities (timber cutting and herbicide application) on runoff components (total streamflow, direct runoff, and base flow) and on ground-water recharge per unit area were evaluated for two separate paired drainage basins of Quabbin Reservoir in central Massachusetts. The Cadwell Creek study area, studied from 1962-1973, included an experimental basin (Upper Cadwell Creek) and a control basin (Lower Cadwell Creek). In the experimental basin, herbicide was applied to mixed oaks, northern hardwoods, and understory vegetation in different riparian zones during the summers of 1967 and 1968, and some pine plantations were thinned or clear-cut during the winter of 1967-1968. These forest-management activities decreased the total basal area by about 34%. The decrease in total basal area resulted in an increase in total streamflow, direct runoff (total streamflow minus base flow), and ground-water recharge for six dormant seasons (October-April) and six growing seasons (May-September) during 1968-1973. Base flow increased for three dormant seasons and two growing seasons during 1968-1970 and the dormant seasons of 1971 and 1973. Base flow accounted for 34% and direct runoff accounted for 66% of the 94 mm (15%) increase in total streamflow during water years 1968-1973. Sixty-one percent of this increase in total streamflow occurred in the dormant seasons. The Dickey Brook study area, studied from 1985-1989, included an experimental basin (Dickey Brook) and a control basin (Dickey Brook Tributary). Some pine plantations were thinned or clear-cut in the headwaters of the experimental basin from October 1986 to March 1987 and October to December 1988. These forest-management activities decreased the total basal area by 24% during 1986-1987 and an additional 8% during 1988. The decrease in total basal area resulted in an increase in total streamflow, base flow, and ground-water recharge for only one dormant season and one growing season in 1987. Direct runoff only increased slightly during the 1987 dormant season. Base flow accounted for 91% and direct runoff accounted for 9% of the 92 mm (21%) increase in total streamflow during water year 1987. Seventy-seven percent of this increase in total streamflow occurred in the dormant season.","largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00511-9","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Bent, G., 2001, Effects of forest-management activities on runoff components and ground-water recharge to Quabbin Reservoir, central Massachusetts, <i>in</i> Forest Ecology and Management, v. 143, no. 1-3, p. 115-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00511-9.","startPage":"115","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207434,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00511-9"}],"volume":"143","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06fee4b0c8380cd514f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bent, G.C.","contributorId":81645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023610,"text":"70023610 - 2001 - Geographic deaggregation of seismic hazard in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023610","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic deaggregation of seismic hazard in the United States","docAbstract":"The seismic hazard calculations for the 1996 national seismic hazard maps have been geographically deaggregated to assist in the understanding of the relative contributions of sources. These deaggregations are exhibited as maps with vertical bars whose heights are proportional to the contribution that each geographical cell makes to the ground-motion exceedance hazard. Bar colors correspond to average source magnitudes. We also extend the deaggregation analysis reported in Harmsen et al. (1999) to the western conterminous United States. In contrast to the central and eastern United States (CEUS); the influence of specific faults or characteristic events can be clearly identified. Geographic deaggregation for 0.2-sec and 1.0-sec pseudo spectral acceleration (SA) is performed for 10% probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 yr (475-yr mean return period) and 2% PE in 50 yr (2475-yr mean return period) for four western U.S. cities, Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, and Seattle, and for three central and eastern U.S. cities, Atlanta, Boston, and Saint Louis. In general, as the PE is lowered, the sources of hazard closer to the site dominate. Larger, more distant earthquakes contribute more significantly to hazard for 1.0-sec SA than for 0.2-sec SA. Additional maps of geographically deaggregated seismic hazard are available on the Internet for 120 cities in the conterminous United States (http://geohazards. cr.usgs.gov/eq/) for 1-sec SA and for 0.2-sec SA with a 2% PE in 50 yr. Examination of these maps of hazard contributions enables the investigator to determine the distance and azimuth to predominant sources, and their magnitudes. This information can be used to generate scenario earthquakes and corresponding time histories for seismic design and retrofit. Where fault density is lower than deaggregation cell dimensions, we can identify specific faults that contribute significantly to the seismic hazard at a given site. Detailed fault information enables investigators to include rupture information such as source directivity, radiation pattern, and basin-edge effects into their scenario earthquakes used in engineering analyses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000007","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Harmsen, S., and Frankel, A., 2001, Geographic deaggregation of seismic hazard in the United States: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 1, p. 13-26, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000007.","startPage":"13","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207410,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000007"},{"id":232337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a175ce4b0c8380cd5549f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harmsen, S.","contributorId":79600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, A. 0000-0001-9119-6106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":41593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023609,"text":"70023609 - 2001 - Infiltration of late Palaeozoic evaporative brines in the reelfoot rift: A possible salt source for Illinois Basin formation waters and MVT mineralizing fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T20:03:42","indexId":"70023609","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3042,"text":"Petroleum Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infiltration of late Palaeozoic evaporative brines in the reelfoot rift: A possible salt source for Illinois Basin formation waters and MVT mineralizing fluids","docAbstract":"Salinities and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits provide important insights into the regional hydrology of the Illinois basin/Reelfoot rift system in late Palaeozoic time. Although the thermal regime of this basin system has been plausibly explained, the origin of high salinities in the basin fluids remains enigmatic. Topographically driven flow appears to have been essential in forming these MVT districts, as well as many other districts worldwide. However, this type of flow is recharged by fresh water making it difficult to account for the high salinities of the mineralizing fluids over extended time periods. Results of numerical experiments carried out in this study provide a possible solution to the salinity problem presented by the MVT zinc-lead and fluorite districts at the margins of the basin system. Evaporative concentration of surface water and subsequent infiltration into the subsurface are proposed to account for large volumes of brine that are ultimately responsible for mineralization of these districts. This study demonstrates that under a range of geologically reasonable conditions, brine infiltration into an aquifer in the deep subsurface can coexist with topographically driven flow. Infiltration combined with regional flow and local magmatic heat sources in the Reelfoot rift explain the brine concentrations as well as the temperatures observed in the Southern Illinois and Upper Mississippi Valley districts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/petgeo.7.3.269","issn":"13540793","usgsCitation":"Rowan, E., and De Marsily, G., 2001, Infiltration of late Palaeozoic evaporative brines in the reelfoot rift: A possible salt source for Illinois Basin formation waters and MVT mineralizing fluids: Petroleum Geoscience, v. 7, no. 3, p. 269-279, https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo.7.3.269.","startPage":"269","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269822,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo.7.3.269"},{"id":232336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3af5e4b0c8380cd620f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, E. L. 0000-0001-5753-6189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":34921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Marsily, G.","contributorId":8262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Marsily","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023607,"text":"70023607 - 2001 - A hypothesis about factors that affect maximum stream temperatures across montane landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T18:56:31.073778","indexId":"70023607","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hypothesis about factors that affect maximum stream temperatures across montane landscapes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Temperature is an important variable structuring lotic biotas, but little is known about how montane landscapes function to determine stream temperatures. We developed an&nbsp;</span><i>a priori</i><span>&nbsp;hypothesis that was used to predict how watershed elements would interact to affect stream temperatures. The hypothesis was tested in a series of path analyses using temperature data from 26 sites on second-order to fourth-order streams across a fifth-order Rocky Mountain watershed. Based on the performance of the first hypothesis, two revised versions of the hypothesis were developed and tested that proved to be more accurate than the original hypothesis. The most plausible of the revised hypotheses accounted for 82 percent of the variation in maximum stream temperature, had a predicted data structure that did not deviate from the empirical data structure, and was the most parsimonious. The final working hypothesis suggested that stream temperature maxima were directly controlled by a large negative effect from mean basin elevation (direct effect = -0.57, p &lt; 0.01) and smaller effects from riparian tree abundance (direct effect = -0.28, p = 0.03), and cattle density (direct effect = 0.24, p = 0.05). Watershed slope, valley constraint, and the abundance of grass across a watershed also affected temperature maxima, but these effects were indirect and mediated through cattle density and riparian trees. Three variables included in the&nbsp;</span><i>a priori</i><span>&nbsp;hypothesis - watershed aspect, stream width, and watershed size - had negligible effects on maximum stream temperatures and were omitted from the final working hypothesis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00974.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Isaak, D., and Hubert, W., 2001, A hypothesis about factors that affect maximum stream temperatures across montane landscapes: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 2, p. 351-366, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00974.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"366","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains, Salt River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.04616216808714,\n              43.139890723203564\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.12977536271666,\n              43.115178631422054\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.21891670244534,\n              43.046032664721\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.16225321517591,\n              42.92825485488726\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.25277659117977,\n              42.933586502246754\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2873274980514,\n              42.91688872736688\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.24241131911826,\n              42.80342663865923\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.18367477743647,\n              42.70245285912256\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.21960772058291,\n              42.568114256462025\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.24379335539305,\n              42.5019200086148\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.21200652107103,\n              42.43361558854676\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1422136891907,\n              42.279651660366284\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.22582688382019,\n              42.207059013844685\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2230628112706,\n              42.106656327510365\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.04547114995007,\n              42.000959395705166\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8913741053025,\n              42.11332062139613\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.83471061803309,\n              42.26415344505111\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.79946869302336,\n              42.460279038075896\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.76284473173988,\n              42.51541115932892\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.81121600136017,\n              42.64261801863492\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.844384871957,\n              42.75586751710034\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8430028356822,\n              42.93860139371591\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.90864955873833,\n              43.002309708424235\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.93283519354848,\n              43.100775805618156\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.96531304600808,\n              43.13104126026653\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.04616216808714,\n              43.139890723203564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42be4b0c8380cd46472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isaak, D.J.","contributorId":77326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023606,"text":"70023606 - 2001 - Effects of whirling disease on selected hematological parameters in rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T18:06:48.231031","indexId":"70023606","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of whirling disease on selected hematological parameters in rainbow trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hematological responses to whirling disease in rainbow trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) were investigated. Two-mo-old fingerling rainbow trout were exposed to cultured triactinomyxon spores of&nbsp;</span><i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i><span>&nbsp;at 9,000 spores/fish in December, 1997. Twenty-four wks post-exposure, fish were taken from infected and uninfected groups for peripheral blood and cranial tissue sampling. Histological observations on cranial tissues confirmed&nbsp;</span><i>M. cerebralis</i><span>&nbsp;infection in all exposed fish. Differences in hematological parameters between the two groups included significantly lower total leukocyte and small lymphocyte counts for the infected fish. No effects on hematocrit, plasma protein concentration, or other differential leukocyte counts were noted.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-37.2.375","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Densmore, C.L., Blazer, V., Waldrop, T., and Pooler, P., 2001, Effects of whirling disease on selected hematological parameters in rainbow trout: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 37, no. 2, p. 375-378, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.2.375.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"378","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478943,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.2.375","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n   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S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waldrop, T.B.","contributorId":82262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pooler, P.S.","contributorId":78686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pooler","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023605,"text":"70023605 - 2001 - The concept of hydrologic landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T18:30:52.645765","indexId":"70023605","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The concept of hydrologic landscapes","docAbstract":"Hydrologic landscapes are multiples or variations of fundamental hydrologic landscape units. A fundamental hydrologic landscape unit is defined on the basis of land-surface form, geology, and climate. The basic land-surface form of a fundamental hydrologic landscape unit is an upland separated from a lowland by an intervening steeper slope. Fundamental hydrologic landscape units have a complete hydrologic system consisting of surface runoff, ground-water flow, and interaction with atmospheric water. By describing actual landscapes in terms of land-surface slope, hydraulic properties of soils and geologic framework, and the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration, the hydrologic system of actual landscapes can be conceptualized in a uniform way. This conceptual framework can then be the foundation for design of studies and data networks, syntheses of information on local to national scales, and comparison of process research across small study units in a variety of settings. The Crow Wing River watershed in central Minnesota is used as an example of evaluating stream discharge in the context of hydrologic landscapes. Lake-research watersheds in Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Nebraska are used as an example of using the hydrologic-landscapes concept to evaluate the effect of ground water on the degree of mineralization and major-ion chemistry of lakes that lie within ground-water flow systems.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00973.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 2001, The concept of hydrologic landscapes: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 2, p. 335-349, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00973.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"349","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-91.217706,43.50055],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.452948,45.268925],[-96.835451,45.586129],[-96.587093,45.816445],[-96.639066,45.935318],[-104.045443,45.94531],[-104.048807,48.933636],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.878454,49.333193],[-94.640803,48.741171],[-93.818375,48.534442],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-91.781928,46.697604],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.327548,46.550262],[-89.929158,46.29975],[-88.141001,45.930608],[-88.13364,45.823128],[-87.831442,45.714938],[-87.887828,45.358122],[-87.647454,45.345232],[-87.72796,45.207956],[-87.59188,45.094689],[-87.983065,44.72073],[-87.970702,44.530292],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192],[-90.614589,42.508053],[-91.078097,42.806526],[-91.177728,43.118733],[-91.062562,43.243165],[-91.217706,43.50055]]],[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-98.568936,42.998537],[-98.042011,42.767316],[-97.834172,42.868794],[-97.256752,42.853913],[-96.409408,42.487595],[-95.850188,41.184798],[-95.885349,40.721093],[-95.336242,40.019104],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-104.053249,41.001406]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Minnesota\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa53e4b08c986b3227d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023599,"text":"70023599 - 2001 - Calcite crystal growth rate inhibition by polycarboxylic acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023599","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2222,"text":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcite crystal growth rate inhibition by polycarboxylic acids","docAbstract":"Calcite crystal growth rates measured in the presence of several polycarboxyclic acids show that tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid (THFTCA) and cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid (CPTCA) are effective growth rate inhibitors at low solution concentrations (0.01 to 1 mg/L). In contrast, linear polycarbocylic acids (citric acid and tricarballylic acid) had no inhibiting effect on calcite growth rates at concentrations up to 10 mg/L. Calcite crystal growth rate inhibition by cyclic polycarboxyclic acids appears to involve blockage of crystal growth sites on the mineral surface by several carboxylate groups. Growth morphology varied for growth in the absence and in the presence of both THFTCA and CPTCA. More effective growth rate reduction by CPTCA relative to THFTCA suggests that inhibitor carboxylate stereochemical orientation controls calcite surface interaction with carboxylate inhibitors. ?? 20O1 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jcis.2000.7378","issn":"00219797","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M., and Hoch, A., 2001, Calcite crystal growth rate inhibition by polycarboxylic acids: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, v. 235, no. 2, p. 365-370, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2000.7378.","startPage":"365","endPage":"370","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207326,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2000.7378"},{"id":232179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"235","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2f4e4b0c8380cd4b4e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoch, A.R.","contributorId":71711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoch","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023598,"text":"70023598 - 2001 - The roles of community biomass and species pools in the regulation of plant diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-24T13:16:11","indexId":"70023598","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The roles of community biomass and species pools in the regulation of plant diversity","docAbstract":"Considerable debate has developed over the importance of community biomass and species pools in the regulation of community diversity. Attempts to explain patterns of plant diversity as a function of community biomass or productivity have been only partially successful and in general, have explained only a fraction of the observed variation in diversity. At the same time studies that have focused on the importance of species pools have led some to conclude that diversity is primarily regulated in the short term by the size of the species pool rather than by biotic interactions. In this paper, I explore how community biomass and species pools may work in combination to regulate diversity in herbaceous plant communities. To address this problem, I employ a simple model in which the dynamics of species richness are a function of aboveground community biomass and environmentally controlled gradients in species pools. Model results lead to two main predictions about the role of biomass regulation: (1) Seasonal dynamics of richness will tend to follow a regular oscillation, with richness rising to peak values during the early to middle portion of the growing season and then declining during the latter part of the season. (2.) Seasonal dieback of aboveground tissues facilitates the long-term maintenance of high levels of richness in the community. The persistence of aboveground tissues and accumulation of litter are especially important in limiting the number of species through the suppression of recruitment. Model results also lead to two main predictions about the role of species pools: (1) The height and position of peak richness relative to community biomass will be influenced by the rate at which the species pool increases as available soil resources increase. (2) Variations in nonresource environmental factors (e.g. soil pH or soil salinity) have the potential to regulate species pools in a way that is uncorrelated with aboveground biomass. Under extreme conditions, such nonresource effects can create a unimodal envelope of biomass-richness values. Available evidence from the literature provides partial support for these predictions, though additional data are needed to provide more convincing tests.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920201.x","issn":"00301299","usgsCitation":"Grace, J., 2001, The roles of community biomass and species pools in the regulation of plant diversity: Oikos, v. 92, no. 2, p. 193-207, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920201.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafa5e4b08c986b324952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023567,"text":"70023567 - 2001 - Water quality in three creeks in the backcountry of Grand Teton National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-05T10:54:54","indexId":"70023567","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality in three creeks in the backcountry of Grand Teton National Park, USA","docAbstract":"<p>This study was conducted in Grand Teton National Park during the summers of 1996 and 1997 to investigate the water quality in two high human use areas: Garnet Canyon and lower Cascade Canyon. To evaluate the water quality in these creeks, fecal coliform,<i> Giardia lamblia</i>, coccidia, and microparticulates were measured in water samples. No evidence of fecal coliform, <i>Giardia lamblia</i>, or coccidia, was found in Garnet Creek. The water quality and general water chemistry of Garnet Creek was similar to the reference site. No <i>Giardia lamblia</i> or coccidia were found in Cascade Creek, but fecal coliforms were present. The isolated colonies of<i> Escherichia coli</i> from Cascade Creek matched the ribosome patterns of avian, deer, canine, elk, rodent, and human coliforms.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2001.9663796","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Farag, A., Goldstein, J., and Woodward, D.F., 2001, Water quality in three creeks in the backcountry of Grand Teton National Park, USA: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 135-143, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2001.9663796.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"143","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.2750244140625,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2750244140625,\n              44.22158376545796\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              44.22158376545796\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2750244140625,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc8bde4b08c986b32caa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldstein, J.N.","contributorId":105454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodward, D. F.","contributorId":85645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023566,"text":"70023566 - 2001 - Oblique sinistral transpression in the Arabian shield: The timing and kinematics of a Neoproterozoic suture zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023566","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oblique sinistral transpression in the Arabian shield: The timing and kinematics of a Neoproterozoic suture zone","docAbstract":"The Hulayfah-Ad Dafinah-Ruwah fault zone is a belt of highly strained rocks that extends in a broad curve across the northeastern Arabian shield. It is a subvertical shear zone, 5-30 km wide and over 600 km long, and is interpreted as a zone of oblique sinistral transpression that forms the suture between the Afif terrane and the Asir-Jiddah-Hijaz-Hulayfah superterrane. Available data suggest that the terranes began to converge sometime after 720 Ma, were in active contact at about 680 Ma, and were in place, with suturing complete, by 630 Ma, The fault zone was affected by sinistral horizontal and local vertical shear, and simultaneous flattening and fault-zone-parallel extension. Structures include sinistral sense-of-shear indicators, L-S tectonite, and coaxial stretching lineations and fold axes. The stretching lineations switch from subhorizontal to subvertical along the fault zone indicating significant variation in finite strain consistent with an origin by oblique transpression. The sense of shear on the fault zone suggests sinistral trajectories for the converging terranes, although extrapolating the shear sense of the suture zone to infer far-field motion must be done with caution. The amalgamation model derived from the chronologic and structural data for the fault zone modifies an existing model of terrane amalgamation and clarifies the definitions of two deformational events (the Nabitah orogeny and the Najd fault system) that are widely represented in the Arabian shield. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Precambrian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00157-1","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P., and Kattan, F., 2001, Oblique sinistral transpression in the Arabian shield: The timing and kinematics of a Neoproterozoic suture zone: Precambrian Research, v. 107, no. 1-2, p. 117-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00157-1.","startPage":"117","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207362,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00157-1"}],"volume":"107","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a4ee4b0c8380cd740dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, P.R.","contributorId":37332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kattan, F.","contributorId":104250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kattan","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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